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Prokaryotes Vs Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes have differences in DNA replication, transcription, and translation. [1] DNA replication in prokaryotes initiates at a single origin with regulated initiation, while eukaryotes have thousands of origins and initiation factors. [2] Transcription in prokaryotes uses one RNA polymerase with a sigma factor for gene expression control, while eukaryotes have RNA polymerases I, II, and III. [3] Translation in prokaryotes uses 70S ribosomes and Shine-Delgarno sequences, while eukaryotes use 80S ribosomes, methyl-G capping, poly-A tails, and multiple initiation factors.

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47 views

Prokaryotes Vs Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes have differences in DNA replication, transcription, and translation. [1] DNA replication in prokaryotes initiates at a single origin with regulated initiation, while eukaryotes have thousands of origins and initiation factors. [2] Transcription in prokaryotes uses one RNA polymerase with a sigma factor for gene expression control, while eukaryotes have RNA polymerases I, II, and III. [3] Translation in prokaryotes uses 70S ribosomes and Shine-Delgarno sequences, while eukaryotes use 80S ribosomes, methyl-G capping, poly-A tails, and multiple initiation factors.

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metzlogan8470
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Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

DNA OriC Thousands of origins (ARS)


replication Initiation (regulated) ARS = ORC + ABF
Helicase Helicase
SSB RPA (~SSB)
Topoisomerase I Topoisomerase I/II
Gyrase (topo II) RNase H (~DNA pol I)
Primase DNA pol (initiate, primase)
DNA pol I (fill gap & remove DNA pol (repair)
primer) DNA pol (Mt.)
DNA pol II (repair) DNA pol (~pol III, lag)
DNA pol III (most of syn) DNA pol (~pol III, lead)
Ligase Ligase
Termination sequences Kinases start DNA rep Rep S-
phase
Pol complex (/+PCNA+RFC)
Telomerase
TSC No primer Initiation factors
First level of gene exp. Control RNA pol I (nucleolus, 45S
RNA pol (only 1) rRNA)
Core enzyme + factor RNA pol II (mRNA & miRNA)
No proofreading RNA pol III (5S rRNA & tRNA)
Promoter site (Pribnow) Promoter site
-35 TTGACA TATA box @ -30 (~-10)
-10 TATAAT Core factors: TF2A, TF2B
Topoisomerase (I & II) TF2D = TBP & TAFs
Rho dep/ind termination TF2H (helicase & kinase)
Excision repair
Polyadenylation
CPSF & CstF
TSL 50S + 30S = 70S 60S + 40S = 80S
Polycistronic mRNAs Monocistronic mRNAs
Shine Delgarno Seq. (purine Methyl-Gcap & poly A tail
rich) 9 total eIFs
IF1, IF2, IF3 (2,2B,3,4A,4B,4E,4G,5,6)
fMet-tRNAfMet Met-tRNAiMet
EF-Tu, EF-Ts, EF-G eEF-1a, eEF-1b, eEF-2
RF1 (UAA, UAG), RF2 (UAA, UGA), eRF-1, eRF-3
RF3

RNA-dependent DNA pol reverse transcriptase


Retroviruses, no proof reading, error prone

Mt DNA rep bootlace model


Includes complementary tRNA & mRNA to hybridize to the template
lagging strand
Mt TSC
Codes 13 proteins, 3 promoters, polycistronic transcripts tRNA rRNA
mRNA

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