57% found this document useful (7 votes)
3K views

Grammar Form and Function 3 Table of Contents PDF

This document appears to be the table of contents for a grammar textbook titled "Grammar: Form and Function". It lists 8 units that cover various topics in English grammar, including verb tenses, nouns, pronouns, articles, modals, the passive voice, causatives, and phrasal verbs. Each unit is further divided into chapters that examine specific grammar structures or concepts in more detail.

Uploaded by

Alvarado L Ma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
57% found this document useful (7 votes)
3K views

Grammar Form and Function 3 Table of Contents PDF

This document appears to be the table of contents for a grammar textbook titled "Grammar: Form and Function". It lists 8 units that cover various topics in English grammar, including verb tenses, nouns, pronouns, articles, modals, the passive voice, causatives, and phrasal verbs. Each unit is further divided into chapters that examine specific grammar structures or concepts in more detail.

Uploaded by

Alvarado L Ma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

GFFsb3FMpi-xviii 10/11/04 2:05 PM Page I

GRAMMAR
Form and Function 3

Milada Broukal
and
Ingrid Wisniewska, Contributing Author
GFFsb3FMpi-xviii 10/11/04 2:05 PM Page III

Contents
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX
Welcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X
To the Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIV

UNIT 1 THE PRESENT TENSES

1a The Simple Present Tense and the Present Progressive Tense . . . . . . . . . . . . 2


1b Stative Verbs and Action Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1c The Present Perfect Tense and the Present Perfect Progressive Tense . . . . . . 11
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Self-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

UNIT 2 THE PAST TENSES

2a The Simple Past Tense and the Past Progressive Tense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28


2b The Past Perfect Tense and the Past Perfect Progressive Tense . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2c Used To + Base Verb and Would + Base Verb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Self-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

UNIT 3 THE FUTURE TENSES

3a Be Going To and Will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58


3b Time Clauses and Conditional Sentences in the Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3c Present Tenses with Future Meaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3d The Future Progressive Tense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3e Other Expressions of the Future; The Future in the Past . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3f The Future Perfect Tense and the Future Progressive Tense . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Self-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

III
Contents
GFFsb3FMpi-xviii 10/11/04 2:05 PM Page IV

UNIT 4 NOUNS AND EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY

4a Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90


4b Possessive Nouns; Possessive Phrases with Of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4c Compound Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4d Count Nouns and Noncount Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
4e Some and Any . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
4f Much, Many, A Lot Of, A Few, Few, A Little, and Little . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
4g Each, Each (One) Of, Every, Every One Of, Both, Both Of, All, and All Of . . . . 110
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Self-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

UNIT 5 PRONOUNS AND ARTICLES

5a Subject and Object Pronouns; Possessive Adjectives;


and Possessive Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
5b Reflexive Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
5c Another, Other, Others, The Other, and The Others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
5d The Indefinite Articles A and An; One and Ones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
5e The Definite Article The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Self-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

UNIT 6 MODALS I

6a Introduction to Modal Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150


6b Can, Could, and Be Able To to Express Ability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
6c Must, Have To, and Have Got To to Express Obligation and Necessity . . . . . . 154
6d Not Have To and Must Not to Express Prohibition and Lack of Necessity . . . . 157
6e Should, Ought To, and Had Better to Give Advice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
6f Should Have and Ought To Have to Express Regret or a Mistake . . . . . . . . . . 161
6g Be Supposed To to Express Expectation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Self-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
IV
Contents
GFFsb3FMpi-xviii 10/11/04 2:05 PM Page V

UNIT 7 MODALS II

7a Shall, Lets, How About, What About, Why Dont, Could,


and Can to Make Suggestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
7b Prefer, Would Prefer, and Would Rather to Express Preference . . . . . . . . . . . 176
7c May, Could, and Can to Ask Permission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
7d Will, Can, Could, Would, and Would You Mind to Make Requests . . . . . . . . . . 184
7e May, Might, and Could to Express Possibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
7f Should and Ought To to Express Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
7g Must, Must Not, and Cant to Make Deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
7h The Progressive and Perfect Progressive Forms of Modals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Self-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

UNIT 8 THE PASSIVE VOICE, CAUSATIVES, AND PHRASAL VERBS

8a The Passive Voice: Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212


8b The Passive Voice of Modals and Modal Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
8c The Passive Voice with Get; Get + Adjective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
8d It + a Passive Voice Verb + a That Clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
8e Present and Past Participles Used as Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
8f Causative Sentences with Have, Get, and Make: Active Voice . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
8g Causative Sentences with Have and Get: Passive Voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
8h Phrasal Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
8i Prepositions Following Verbs, Adjectives, and Nouns;
Other Combinations with Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Self-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

V
Contents
GFFsb3FMpi-xviii 10/11/04 2:05 PM Page VI

UNIT 9 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

9a Gerunds as Subjects and Objects; Verbs Followed by Gerunds . . . . . . . . . . . 256


9b Gerunds as Objects of Prepositions; Gerunds after Certain Expressions . . . . . 260
9c Verbs Followed by Infinitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
9d Verbs Followed by a Gerund or an Infinitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
9e Infinitives after Certain Adjectives, Nouns, and Indefinite Pronouns . . . . . . 268
9f Too and Enough Followed by Infinitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
9g The Infinitive of Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
9h Perfect Infinitives and Perfect Gerunds; Passive Voice of Infinitives
and Gerunds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
9i Gerunds and Base Verbs with Verbs of Perception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
9j Person + Gerund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Self-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

UNIT 10 AGREEMENT AND PARALLEL STRUCTURE

10a Subject-Verb Agreement: General Rules Part 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292


10b Subject-Verb Agreement: General Rules Part 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
10c Subject-Verb Agreement with Quantity Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
10d Parallel Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
10e Coordinating Conjunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
10f Correlative Conjunctions: BothAnd; Not OnlyBut Also;
EitherOr; NeitherNor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Self-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

UNIT 11 NOUN CLAUSES AND REPORTED SPEECH

11a Noun Clauses Beginning with That . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318


11b Noun Clauses Beginning with Wh- Words (Indirect Wh- Questions) . . . . . . . 321
11c Noun Clauses Beginning with If or Whether (Indirect Yes/No Questions) . . . 324
11d Quoted Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

VI
Contents
GFFsb3FMpi-xviii 10/11/04 2:05 PM Page VII

11e Reported Speech: Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328


11f Reported Speech: Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
11g Reported Commands, Requests, Offers, Advice, Invitations,
and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
11h The Subjunctive in Noun Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Self-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

UNIT 12 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

12a Adjective Clauses with Subject Relative Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350


12b Adjective Clauses with Object Relative Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
12c Adjective Clauses with Whose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
12d When, Where, Why, and That as Relative Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
12e Defining and Nondefining Adjective Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
12f Using Which to Refer to an Entire Clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
12g Reduced Adjective Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Self-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

UNIT 13 ADVERB CLAUSES

13a Adverb Clauses of Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380


13b Adverb Clauses of Reason and Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
13c Adverb Clauses of Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
13d Adverb Clauses of Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
13e Adverb Clauses of Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
13f Reduced Adverb Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
Self-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

VII
Contents
GFFsb3FMpi-xviii 10/11/04 2:05 PM Page VIII

UNIT 14 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

14a Real Conditional Sentences in the Present and Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406


14b Unreal Conditional Sentences in the Present or Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
14c Unreal Conditional Sentences in the Past; Mixed Conditional Sentences . . . . 412
14d Conditional Sentences with As If and As Though . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
14e Conditional Sentences Without If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
14f Wishes About the Present, Future, and Past; Hope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
14g Conditional Sentences with If Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Self-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Grammar Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435


Appendix 2 Irregular Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
Appendix 3 Spelling Rules for Endings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Appendix 4 Forms of Verb Tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
Appendix 5 Forms of Modals and Modal Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
Appendix 6 Conjunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
Appendix 7 Capitalization Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Appendix 8 Punctuation Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Appendix 9 Writing Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
Appendix 10 Organizing Paragraphs and Essays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

VIII
Contents

You might also like