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Profile Leveling Notes

1) Keeping accurate survey notes in a field book as work is done is essential. Notes should include station readings, backsight, foresight, height of instrument, and elevation calculations. 2) A profile survey determines elevations along a line by taking readings between turning points. The procedure involves taking an initial reading on a benchmark, then taking readings along stations until a turning point is needed. 3) Allowable error in a survey is calculated by dividing the total traverse length by 100, taking the square root, and multiplying by a factor of 0.014 or 0.007 depending on experience. If the actual error exceeds this, the survey should be repeated.

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2K views2 pages

Profile Leveling Notes

1) Keeping accurate survey notes in a field book as work is done is essential. Notes should include station readings, backsight, foresight, height of instrument, and elevation calculations. 2) A profile survey determines elevations along a line by taking readings between turning points. The procedure involves taking an initial reading on a benchmark, then taking readings along stations until a turning point is needed. 3) Allowable error in a survey is calculated by dividing the total traverse length by 100, taking the square root, and multiplying by a factor of 0.014 or 0.007 depending on experience. If the actual error exceeds this, the survey should be repeated.

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sunleon31
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Objective 1: Explain the important aspects of keeping survey notes for a profile survey.

Anticipated Problem: What are the important aspects of keeping survey notes for a profile
survey?

I. No aspect of surveying work is more important than keeping accurate records of field
notes. Surveying notes must be recorded legibly and accurately in a field book as the
work is done. Notes should not be recorded on scratch paper first and later transferred to
a book. Doing this introduces an opportunity for error. The field notes reflect the quality
of the work done. Professional looking notes indicate professional quality work in
measurement and readings.
Other surveyors completing later surveys often refer to survey notes. When making
entries in the field book, a 3-H or 4-H pencil should be used. Pen or soft lead pencil
marking may become smeared and unreadable over time. Avoid erasures of data since
this also makes the validity of the data questionable. Make corrections by drawing a
single thin line through the incorrect data and writing the correct entry above. Misspelled
words, however, may be erased. There are several important sections included in a field
notebook. Each part plays a specific role in the accurate completion of the leveling
exercise. The different sections are:
A. Table of ContentsLeave a few pages blank at the beginning of the book for a table
of contents. On this page, the recorder should make a brief description and a page
reference for each activity completed. Include enough information so that someone
examining the table of contents can identify the work done, the place, and the date it was
completed.
B. PagingA survey activity may require one or more sets of facing pages. Each set is
considered one page when pages are numbered. Begin a new days work on a new page.
C. Form of EntriesPrinted entries are generally more legible than written entries. Field
notes should be arranged according to the standard form that has been developed. This
form outlines specific information, which should be found on each of the facing pages.
1. Left-hand pageThis page includes a legal description of the land and the type of
survey at the top of the page. The recorder should place column headings between
the first two horizontal lines at the top of the page. Readings should be recorded and
tabulated in these columns as well. It is important to record figures with the decimal
point and digits in line vertically. Show precision of readings by recording significant
zeros. (i.e. 4.7 compared to 4.70) The column heading which should be found in the
survey notes are:
a. Station (Sta.)Location of the leveling rod when the reading is being taken.
b. Backsight (BS)A level reading taken on a point of known or assumed elevation.
c. Foresight (FS)A level reading taken on a point of unknown elevation.
d. Height of Instrument (HI)The elevation of the level line of sight with respect
to the benchmark, as indicated by the cross hairs in the telescope. Height of instrument
is calculated by adding the backsight to the elevation of the benchmark or turning point
whichever is being used.
e. Elevation (Elev.)The height of a point relative to the benchmark location of
the survey. Elevation is calculated by subtracting the foresight from the height of
instrument.
2. Right-hand pageThe date, time of day, and weather conditions should be recorded
on the top left of this page. The names and duties of the survey party should be recorded
at the top right of the right-hand page. The type and number of the surveying
instrument may also be recorded there. Also included on this page should be a
sketch of the survey. Sketches should be to general proportions. Indicate north on all
sketches using conventional signs and symbols. The recorder should sign the lower
right corner of the right-hand page.

Objective 2: Explain the steps involved in completing a profile survey exercise.

Anticipated Problem: What are the steps involved in completing a profile survey
exercise?

II. Profile leveling is the process of determining the elevations of a series of points at
measured intervals along a line. A profile survey is extremely useful for locating drains,
roads, dams, and other earth structures. The usual procedure is to determine the profile
elevations, choose the grade elevations, and compute cuts or fills. Profile leveling is
actually differential leveling with a number of intermediate foresights added between
turning points. A turning point is a solid location, usually marked by a temporary stake,
on which a foresight is taken, to which the instrument is moved, and from which a
backsight is taken to determine a new height of instrument. Each foresight is subtracted
from the first height of the instrument until the instrument is moved.
A. The procedure for completing a profile survey is relatively simple. Take the first
reading on a benchmark. A benchmark is a permanent point of known or assumed
elevation from which leveling surveys are started. Then turn the instrument and take
readings along the stations of the profile until it is necessary to establish a turning point.
Move the instrument, compute a new height of instrument, and continue to take readings.
After the foresights on stations along the profile have been taken, do not consider the
survey finished until a differential leveling circuit is completed and a final reading is
taken on the beginning benchmark.

Objective 3: Explain how to calculate allowable error in a survey exercise.

Anticipated Problem: How is allowable error calculated for a survey exercise?

III. In leveling, errors can and will occur. These are most often done accidentally. The
final error of closure in a leveling circuit is proportional to the square root of the number
of rod readings. The formula assumes a distance of 100 feet for each rod reading.
Therefore, we divide the total length of the traverse by 100, determine the square root of
that dividend, and multiply by the factor of .014. For experienced surveyors, a less
tolerant factor of .007 may be used. If the error of the survey is greater than the allowable
amount calculated, the survey should be repeated.

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