Chapter 3 PBL

327 A pistoncylinder device contains 0.85 kg of refrigerant- 134a at 2108C.

The piston that is free to move has a mass of 12 kg and a diameter of 25 cm. The
local atmospheric pres- sure is 88 kPa. Now, heat is transferred to refrigerant-
134a until the temperature is 158C. Determine (a) the final pressure, (b) the
change in the volume of the cylinder, and (c) the change in the enthalpy of the
refrigerant-134a. Answer: a) 90.4kPa, b) 0.0205m3, c)17.4kJ/kg

336 Water is to be boiled at sea level in a 30-cm-diameter stainless steel pan

placed on top of a 3kW electric burner. If 60 percent of the heat generated by the
burner is transferred to the water during boiling, determine the rate of
evaporation of water. Answer a) 2.872kg/h

338 10-kg of R-134a at 300 kPa fills a rigid container whose volume is 14 L.
Determine the temperature and total enthalpy in the container. The container is
now heated until the pressure is 600 kPa. Determine the temperature and total
enthalpy when the heating is completed. Answer: T1=0.61C, T2=21.44C,
H1=545.6kJ, H2=846.4kJ

340 Water initially at 200 kPa and 300C is contained in a piston-cylinder device
fitted with stops. The water is allowed to cool at constant pressure until it exists
as a saturated vapor and the piston rests on the stops. Then the water continues
to cool until the pressure is 100 kPa. On the T-v diagrams sketch, with respect to
the saturation lines, the process curves passing through both the initial,
intermediate, and final states of the water. Label the T, P and v values for end
states on the process curves. Find the overall change in internal energy between
Chapter 3 PBL

the initial and final states per unit mass of water. Answer: =1300kJ/kg
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353 A pistoncylinder device contains 0.6 kg of steam at 200C and 0.5 MPa.
Steam is cooled at constant pressure until one-half of the mass condenses.
(a) Show the process on a T-v diagram.
(b) Find the final temperature.
(c) Determine the volume change.
Answer: T final=151.83C, =-0.14222m3

355 A rigid tank initially contains 1.4-kg saturated liquid water at 200C. At this
state, 25 percent of the volume is occupied by water and the rest by air. Now
heat is supplied to the water until the tank contains saturated vapor only.
Determine (a) the volume of the tank, (b) the final temperature and
pressure, and (c) the internal energy change of the water. Answer: a)
V=0.006476m3, b) T2=371.3C and P2=21.367kPa, c) U=1892kJ

371 A rigid tank whose volume is unknown is divided into two parts by a
partition. One side of the tank contains an ideal gas at 9278C. The other side is
evacuated and has a volume twice the size of the part containing the gas. The
partition is now removed and the gas expands to fill the entire tank. Heat is now
applied to the gas until the pressure equals the initial pressure. Determine the
final temperature of the gas. Answer: T2=3327C

378 Determine the specific volume of superheated water vapor at 3.5 MPa and
450C based on (a) the ideal-gas equation, (b) the generalized compressibility
chart, and (c) the steam tables. Determine the error involved in the first two
cases. Answer: a) =0.09533m3/kg (3.7% error), b) =0.09161m3/kg (0.4%
error), c) =0.09196m3/kg

383 Saturated water vapor at 350C is heated at constant pressure until its
volume has doubled. Determine the final temperature using the ideal gas
equation of state, the compressibility charts, and the steam tables. Answer: a)
T2=1246K, b) T2=826K, c) T2=750K
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385 Carbon dioxide gas enters a pipe at 3 MPa and 500 K at a rate of 2 kg/s.
CO2 is cooled at constant pressure as it flows in the pipe and the temperature of
CO2 drops to 450 K at the exit. Determine the volume flow rate and the density
of carbon dioxide at the inlet and the volume flow rate at the exit of the pipe
using (a) the ideal-gas equation and (b) the generalized compressibility chart.
Also, determine (c) the error involved in the first case.
Answer:
a) 1= 0.06297 m3/kg error 2.1%, 1= 31.76kg/m3 error 2.1%, 2=
0.05667m3/kg error 3.6%
b) 1= 0.06165 m3/kg, 1= 32.44kg/m3, 2= 0.05472m3/kg

393 1-kg of carbon dioxide is compressed from 1 MPa and 200C to 3 MPa in a
piston-cylinder device arranged to execute a polytropic process for which PV 1.2
constant. Determine the final temperature treating the carbon dioxide as (a) an
ideal gas and (b) a van der Waals gas. Answer: T2= 568K, b) T2= 573K

399 During a hot summer day when the air temperature is 35C and the relative
humidity is 70 percent, you buy a supposedly cold canned drink from a store.
The store owner claims that the temperature of the drink is below 108C. Yet the
drink does not feel so cold and you are sceptical since
you notice no condensation forming outside the can. Can the store owner be
telling the truth?

3104 The combustion in a gasoline engine may be approximated by a constant

volume heat addition process. There exists the airfuel mixture in the cylinder
before the combustion and the combustion gases after it, and both may be
approximated as air, an ideal gas. In a gasoline engine, the cylinder conditions
are 1.2 MPa and 450C before the combustion and 1750C after it. Determine the
pressure at the end of the combustion process. Answer: P=3358kPa

3-121 Water initially at 300 kPa and 0.5 m3/kg is contained in a piston-cylinder
device fitted with stops so that the water supports the weight of the piston and
the force of the atmosphere. The water is heated until it reaches the saturated
vapor state and the piston rests against the stops. With the piston against the
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stops, the water is further heated until the pressure is 600 kPa. On the P-v and T-
v diagrams sketch, with respect to the saturation lines, the process curves
passing through both the initial and final states of the water. Label the states on
the process as 1, 2, and 3. On both the P-v and T-v diagrams, sketch the
isotherms passing through the states and show their values, in 8C, on the
isotherms.

3125 Consider an 18-m-diameter hot-air balloon that, together with its cage,
has a mass of 120 kg when empty. The air in the balloon, which is now carrying
two 70-kg people, is heated by propane burners at a location where the
atmospheric pressure and temperature are 93 kPa and 12C, respectively.
Determine the average temperature of the air in the balloon when the balloon
first starts rising. What would your response be if the atmospheric air
temperature were 25C? Answer: T= 308K