Study Guide in Literary Criticism

I. Identification

1. This method of analysis became the dominant school of thought during the first two-thirds of
the twentieth century in most high school and college literature classes and in both British and
American scholarship.
Answer: New Criticism

2. This approach to literary analysis provides readers with a formula for arriving at the correct
interpretation of a text using-for the most part-only the text itself.
Answer: New Criticism

3. What is the meaning of hitherto?

Answer: Hidden meaning

4. Does the poem in new criticism contain all the necessary information to discover its meaning?
Answer: Yes

5. He is the founder of New Criticism.

Answer: John Crowe Ransom

6. In the New Criticism, Ransom articulates the principles of other sympathetic groups and called
it as?
Answer: Ontological critic

7. The one who will recognize that a poem is a concrete entity.

Answer: Ontological critic

8. It is the adherents of New Criticism.

Answer: New Critics

9. They believed that how readers feel and what they personally see in a work of art are what
really matters.
Answer: Impressionistic critics

10. They emphasize the importance of scientific thought in literary analysis.

Answer: Naturalism

11. They are the one who declares that human experience is basically ethical.
Answer: New Humanists

12. They are concerned with the artists' feelings, attitudes, and personal visions exhibited in their
work.
Answer: Romanticism

13. This view values the individual artist's experiences as evidenced in a text.
Answer: Expressive School
14. They rejected the Romantic view of life and art.
Answer: New Critics

15. According to his belief, the reader of poetry must be instructed in literary Technique.
Answer: Eliots belief

16. According to Eliot, only way of expressing emotion through art is by finding the_____.
Answer: Objective correlative

17. He is the one who contribute the practical criticism.

Answer: I.A Richards

18. To study poetry or any literary work is to engage oneself in an _______.

Answer: Aesthetic Experience

19. Wimsatt declares, a poem becomes as _____.

Answer: Verbal icon

20. The intention of this fallacy is to commit a fundamental error of interpretation.

Answer: Intentional Fallacy

21. Confuses what a poem is (its meaning) with what it does.

Answer: Affective Fallacy

22. Focusing on the strategies, devices, and techniques authors use to elicit a particular reaction
or interpretation of a text.
Answer: Rhetorical Criticism

23. Human beings are basically bundles of desires called ______.

Answer: Appetencies

24. He believes a reader can arrive at better interpretation of a poem than one derived from
personal responses to a text.
Answer: I.A Richards

25. She is literary theorist, author, scholar, and professor of literacy, further developed Richardss
earlier assumptions concerning the contextual nature of the reading process.
Answer: Louise M. Rosenblatt

26. This means the text acts as a stimulus for eliciting various past experiences, thoughts, and
ideas from the reader, those found in both our everyday existence and in past reading experiences.
Answer: Transactional Experience

27. It is defined as the result of an event that takes place during the reading process, or what
Rosenblatt calls the "aesthetic transaction."
Answer: Poem

28. During this process, we are interested only in newly gained information that we can "carry
away" from the text, not in the actual words as words themselves.
Answer: Efferent Reading
29. It means we experience the text. We note its every word, its sounds, its patterns and so on.
Answer: Aesthetic Reading
30. They believe that meaning evolves.
Answer: Literacy Experience

31. This Literary Criticism does not provide us with a unified body of theory or a single
methodological approach for textual analysis.
Answer: Reader-Oriented Criticism

32. These critics assert that the proper study of textual analysis must consider both the reader and
the text, not simply a text in isolation.
Answer: Reader-Oriented Criticism

33. It means tracing the changes of language throughout the long expanses.
Answer: Diachronic Approach

34. They are considered as science of language.

Answer: Philology

35. This linguistic hypothesis asserts that words are symbols for things in the world, each word
having its own referent.
Answer: Mimetic theory of language

36. The focus of this approach is how the language and its parts function.
Answer: Synchronic Approach

37. Saussure asserts that all languages are composed of basic units called _____.
Answer: Emes

38. According to Saussure, the basic building block or unit of language is the _______.
Answer: Phoneme

39. It is the smallest, meaningful (significant) sound in a language.

Answer: Phoneme

40. It the written symbol that represents the phoneme's sound.

Answer: Grapheme

41. It is the structure of the language that is mastered and shared by all its speakers.
Answer: Langue

42. It the proper study of linguistics is the system.

Answer: Langue

43. It is the study of individual utterances of its speakers.

Answer: Parole

44. He come up with the study of sign is equal to signifier over signified.
Answer: Ferdinand de Saussure
45. This theory focuses on the structure of the literary peace.
Answer: Structuralism Theory

46. Saussure proposed a new science called _____.

Answer: Semiology

47. It emphasizes the system of langue not parole.

Answer: Structuralism

48. A text convenes meaning rather than what meaning is conveyed.

Answer: Structuralism

49. It emphasizes the system of literature and not individual text or intention of the author
Answer: Structuralism

50. It is the process of analyzing a story using all the elements involved in its telling, such as
narrator, voice, style, verb tense, personal pronouns, audience and so forth.
Answer: Narratology

51. He helped in developing a specific kind of structuralism known as narratology.

Answer: Cerard Prince

52. It is a modem philosophical tendency that emphasizes the perceiver.

Answer: Phenomenology

53. He emphasizes that a text's social history must be considered when interpreting the text.
Answer: Hans Robert Jauss

54. He believes that it is impossible to separate what is known from the mind that knows it.
Answer: Wolfgang Iser

55. This means expectations about what will or should happen next.
Answer: Horizons of Expectations

56. The reader's thoughts, beliefs, and experiences play a greater part than the actual text in
shaping a work's meaning.
Answer: Subjective Criticism

57. He believes that the text is indeed important because it contains its own themes, unity, and
structure.
Answer: Norman Holland

58. He is the founder of Subjective Criticism

Answer: David Bleich

59. According to him the starting point for interpretation is the reader's responses
to a text, not the text itself.
Answer: David Bleich
60. His approach to texts has developed through time.
Answer: Stanley Fish

61. He coined the term affective stylistics or reception aesthetics to describe his reading
strategy.
Answer: Stanley Fish

62. He is one of the first scholar-researchers who implement Saussure's principles of linguistics to
narrative discourse in the 1950s and 1960s.
Answer: Claude Levi-Strauss

63. What he wanted to discover was myth's langue, its overall structure that allows individual
examples (parole) to function and have meaning.
Answer: Claude Levi-Strauss

64. This pair is produced by using the same articulatory organs and in the same place in the
mouth.
Answer: Minimal pair

65. It means the opposite of the things.

Answer: Binary Opposition

66. His assumption that meaning develops through difference to all social contexts, including
fashions, familial relations, dining, and literature.
Answer: Roland Barthes

67. It is a group of structuralists.

Answer: Narratologist

68. It is the science of narrative.

Answer: Structuralist Narratology

69. According to him all folk or fairy tales are based on thirty-one fixed elements, or what he
calls narrative functions.
Answer: Vladimir Propp

70. He declares that all stories are composed of grammatical units.

Answer: Tzvetan Todorov

71. He believes that tropes or figures of speech require a reader's special attention.
Answer: Gerard Genette

72. These words used to describe language.

Answer: Metalanguage

73. He became the voice of structuralism in the United States and took structuralism in yet
another direction.
Answer: Jonathan Culler

74. He asserts that readers have internalized a set of rules that govern their acts of interpretation.
Answer: Jonathan Culler
 75. It means how we achieve meaning through linguistic signs and other symbols.
Answer: Signification

76. It means a text has many meanings and therefore, no definitive interpretation.
Answer: Undecidability

77. When he read his paper entitled "Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human
Sciences" the term deconstruction evolved.
Answer: Jacques Derrida

78. His approach to reading and literary analysis is more a "strategic device".
Answer: Jacques Derrida

79. It is an external point of reference upon which one may build a concept or philosophy.
Answer: Transcendental signified

80. It provides the central meaning.

Answer: Transcendental signified

81. It is a belief that an ultimate reality or center of truth exists and can serve as the basis for all
our thoughts and actions.
Answer: Logocentrism

82. This means privileging of speech over writing.

Answer: Phonocentrism

83. This term coined by Derrida to encompass those ideas such as logocentrism, phonocentrism,
the operation of binary oppositions, and other notions that Western thought posits in its
conceptions of language and metaphysics.
Answer: Metaphysics of Presence

84. The science of writing and his investigation of the origin of language itself.
Answer: Grammatology

85. According to Derrida's metaphysical reasoning, language then becomes a special kind of
writing, which he calls _______.
Answer: Arche-writing or Archi-ecriture.

86. Derrida uses the term ________ to refer to the unstable relationship between elements in a
binary operation.
Answer: Supplementation

II. True or False and F write the correct answer.

1. New Criticism stands as the best English-based contributions to literary critical analysis.
Answer: F one of the most important

2. New Criticism helps generation of readers to become open readers of texts.

Answer: F Close reader
3. Ransom is one of the leading advocates of new criticism.
Answer: T

4. Fugitives is a group that believed in and practiced similar interpretative approaches to a text.
Answer: T

5. Intrinsic Analysis became the norm in the literature departments of many American
universities.
Answer: F Extrinsic Analysis

6. New Criticism represents a coherent body of critical theory and methodology espoused by its
followers.
Answer: F does not represent

7. Naturalism believes that human beings are animals that are caught in a world that operates on
definable scientific principles and that respond somewhat instinctively to their environment and
internal drives.
Answer: T

8. New Humanists valued the moral qualities of art.

Answer: T

9. New Critics assert that only the poem itself can be objectively evaluated, not the
feelings, attitudes, values, and beliefs of the author or the reader.
Answer: T

10. The New Critics belong to a broad classification of literary criticism called Formalism.
Answer: T

11. According to I.A. Richards, New Criticism borrows its insistence that criticism be directed
toward the poem, not the poet.
Answer: F T.S. Eliot

12. Eliot maintains that a good reader perceives the poem structurally, resulting in good criticism.
Such a reader must necessarily be trained in reading good poetry and be well acquainted with
established poetic traditions.
Answer: T

13. A poor reader simply expresses his or her personal emotions and reactions to a text.
Answer: T

14. Eliot declares that in the New Critics there are both good and bad readers and good and
bad criticism.
Answer: T

15. Ferdinand de Saussure is the founder of structuralism.

Answer: T
 16. The transcendental signified could not be understood without comparing it with other
signifieds or signifiers.
Answer: F can be understood

17. The word differer, meaning "to defer, postpone, or delay," and "to differ, to be different from."
Answer: T

III. Enumeration

1. Who are those people who hold to some of the same New Critical assumptions of poetic
analysis?
Answer:
John Crowe Ransom
Rene Wellek
William K. Wimsatt
R.P. Blackmur
I.A. Richards
Robert Penn Warren
Cleanth Brooks

2. Two British critics and authors who helped lay the foundation for this form of Formalistic
analysis.
Answer:
T.S. Eliot
I.A. Richards

3. Superior poetry, declare the New Critics, achieves such oneness through ______.
Answer:
Paradox
Irony
Ambiguity

4. Give the three kinds of narratee.

Answer:
Real reader (person actually reading the book),
Virtual reader (the reader to whom the author believes he or she is writing)
Ideal reader (the one who explicitly and implicitly understands all the nuances,
terminology, and structure of the text).

5. Give the two differentiates reader according to Iser.

Answer:
The implied reader is the reader implied by the text, one who is predisposed to
appreciate the overall effects of the text.
The actual reader is the person who physically picks up the text and reads it.

Prepared by:
Parhanah B. Bucay