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Object-Oriented Programming (CS F213) : BITS Pilani

This document discusses multitasking and multithreading in Java. It defines key concepts like processes, process control blocks, multitasking, and multithreading. Specifically, it states that a process is an instance of a running program, processes have separate memory spaces but threads within the same process share memory and can corrupt each other's data. It also notes that context switching is more expensive for processes than threads.

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SAURABH MITTAL
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43 views

Object-Oriented Programming (CS F213) : BITS Pilani

This document discusses multitasking and multithreading in Java. It defines key concepts like processes, process control blocks, multitasking, and multithreading. Specifically, it states that a process is an instance of a running program, processes have separate memory spaces but threads within the same process share memory and can corrupt each other's data. It also notes that context switching is more expensive for processes than threads.

Uploaded by

SAURABH MITTAL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object-Oriented Programming (CS F213)

Module VI: Multithreading in Java


CS F213 RL 14.1: Multitasking and Multithreading (Introduction)

BITS Pilani Dr. Pankaj Vyas


Department of Computer Science, BITS-Pilani, Pilani Campus
CS F213 RL 14.1 : Topics

What is a Process, Process Control Block?


What is Multitasking?
What is Mutithreading ?
Thread vs Process?

2 Object-Oriented Programming (CS F213)


What is Process ?
Process is nothing but an instance of program in execution (Unit
of work in modern time-sharing systems)
Modern operating systems can concurrently execute multiple
processes.

3 Object-Oriented Programming (CS F213)


What is Process Control Block?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_control_block

Process Control Block (PCB) is a Data Structure


Maintained by Operating System for each Process
PCB Contains Information which is Required to Manage
Each Process
A Typical PCB Generally Contains
1. Program Counter (PC)
2. Stack Pointer (SP)
3. CPU Registers
4. Process State Information

4 Object-Oriented Programming (CS F213)


What is Context Switching?

Each Process Runs in its Own Address Space and OS


Maintains a Separate PCB for Each Process [No Sharing of
Memory]
Context Switching Means Shifting the Control of CPU from the
Currently Running Process to Some Other Process
During Context Switching the Present State of the Currently
Executing Process is Saved onto a Specialized Memory Area
Known as Stack.
Program Counter, Stack Pointer and Other Important CPU
Registers are loaded with values according to the Process
which is Going to be Executed Next
Context Switching is Quite Expensive in Processes

5 Object-Oriented Programming (CS F213)


What is Multitasking?
The ability to have more than one
program working at what seems like at the
same time
Examples :
You can Edit while Printing a document
Web Page may be Loading Multiple Images
while Accepting User Inputs

6 Object-Oriented Programming (CS F213)


Multitasking Ways

Preemptive Multitasking OS Simply


Suspends the Currently Running Process
and Shifts the Control to Some Other
Process (Windows 3.1, Mac OS)
Cooperative Multitasking OS Shifts the
Control to Some Other Process Only
When the Currently Running Process
Yields control. (Non-preemptive
Multitasking) Linux, Windows NT,95

7 Object-Oriented Programming (CS F213)


What is a Multithreading?
Basis of Multi-Tasking at an Individual Program Level
An Individual Program will Appear to do Multiple
Tasks at the Same Time. Each Individual Task is
Handled by a Thread
A thread of execution is a program unit that is
executed independently of other parts of the
program [Light Weight Process]
If a Program Creates Multiple Threads then all These
Threads will Execute in the Same Address Space and
Will Use the Same Data Structures [Sharing of
Memory]

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Process vs Thread

S.No Process Thread

1 No Sharing of Memory Sharing of Memory

2 Can Not Corrupt Data Can Corrupt Data


Structures Structures
3 Context Switching is Context Switching is
Expensive Cheaper

9 Object-Oriented Programming (CS F213)


Thank You

10 Object-Oriented Programming (CS F213)

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