Biografi Dewi Sartika

One of the most famous female figures in Indonesia is Dewi Sartika. She is also known as
Djuragan Dewi or Djuragan Ageung is a national hero in the world of womens education.

Dewi Sartika was born on December 4th, 1884 in Cicalengka, Bandung. Her father named
Raden Somanagara was a freedom fighter at that time. While her mother was Nyi Raden
Rajapermas.

Her parents were fighting hard to send him to the School of the Netherlands. Although it is so
contrary to traditional culture prevailing at the time.

For opposing the Government of the Netherlands East Indies, her mother was exiled to
Ternate, while her father died. So, Dewi Sartika brought up by her maternal uncle, a brother
of her mom, who called Arya. At that time, Arya was a governor in Cicalengka.

Dewi Sartika gained the knowledge about the Sundanese culture of her uncle. She was also
knowledgeable of Western culture that she got from a lady of Dutch Resident Assistant.

She showed her potential in the world of education as a child. In fact, she taught children of
kepatihan maid, so they were all able to read and write a few words in Dutch.

This made Cicalengka in an uproar. People felt shocked because at that time there had been
no rabble of children who can read and write.

As a teenager, Dewi Sartika was back to Bandung and stayed with her mother. She was more
determined to reach her goal, which was to establish a school that aims to promote womens
education.

After a very long struggle, she finally managed to establish a school that is devoted to
women. Then, on January 16, 1904, after consultation with the Regent R.A.A Martanagara,
for the first time, she managed to open a school.

The school was given the name of Sakola Istri or Sekolah Perempuan. Sakola Istri was the
first school in the Dutch East Indies, it was originally only had 20 students.
Sakola Istri was located in Bandung district hall, she was helped by two cousins, Ny. Poerwa
and Nyi. Oewid.

At the top, in 1912, she had 9 Sakola Istri in Pasundan. In 1914, Sakola Istri was renamed
Sakola Kautamaan Istri (School of Virtue Women). Exactly in 1920 the whole region of
Pasundan owned Sakola Kautamaan Istri.

In September 1929, when Sakola Kautamaan Istri was 25 years, the school became the
Sakola Raden Dewi. As for her dedication in this field, she was awarded by the Indian
Dutch government.

Dewi Sartika died on September 11th, 1947 in Tasikmalaya. She was buried in the funeral
Cigagadon Rahayu Village District of Cincem. Finally, after 3 years his tomb was moved to a
cemetery complex Regent of Bandung at Karang Anyar Street, Bandung regency.

Struggle as well as her dedication to the nation of Indonesia, made her an honorary degree,
and were given on December 1st 1966 as the National Independence Hero.

The Brief Biography of Dewi Satrika in English

Full Name: Dewi Sartika

Other Names: Djuragan Dewi or Djuragan Ageung

Date of Birth: December 4th 1884

Place of Birth: Cicalengka, Bandung

Zodiac: Sagitarius

Date of Death: September 11th 1947

Place of Death: Karang Anyar Street, Tasikmalaya

Died Age: 62 Years

Known for: Pioneer of Female Education

Nationality: Indonesia

Religion: Islam

Husband: Raden Kanduruan Agah Suriawinata

Mother: Nyi Raden Rajapermas

Father: Raden Somanagara

 Biografi Ki Hajar Dewantara

Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat was born in Yogyakarta on May 2 nd 1889. He came from
Pakualaman family, the son of GPH Soerjaningrat, grandson of Pakualam III and grew up in
a family of Yogyakarta Kingdom.

Then, in 1922 when he was 40 years old (according to the count of Caka Year), Raden Mas
Soewardi Soeryaningrat changed his name to Ki Hadjar Dewantara.

Since that time, he was no longer using a knighthood in front of his name. Based on the
Indonesian spelling in since 1972, its name is misspelled as Ki Hajar Dewantara.

Ki Hajar Dewantara ever studied at Europeesche Lagere School (ELS) at the Dutch colonial
era it is an elementary school in Indonesia.

After graduating from ELS, then he went to STOVIA (Bumiputera Medical School) is a
school for the education of indigenous doctors in Batavia in the Dutch colonial era. This time
it became the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia. Although he did not could not
complete his education because of illness.

Ki Hajar Dewantara worked as a writer and journalist in various newspapers, such as: Tjahaja
Timoer, Midden Java, De Expres, Sediotomo, Kaoem Moeda, Poesara, and Oetoesan Indies.
His writing is very communicative and brave with anti-colonial spirit.

Besides work as a writer, he is also active in social and political organizations. Since 1908,
the beginning of the Boedi Utomo (BO), he was active in the propaganda section to socialize
and Indonesian public awareness about the importance of a sense of unity in the nation.

Not only that, it turns Ki Hajar Dewantara also known as a prominent pioneer of education
for the natives of Indonesia from the Dutch colonial era.

In fact, he managed to establish a school of the National University Student Park (National
Institute of Taman Siswa Onderwijs) on July 3rd 1922.
At first the Dutch colonial government attempted to deter his plan. Dutch government issued
a Wild School Ordinance on October 1 st 1932. However, because of his persistence and
struggle, the ordinance was finally lifted.

The college emphasizes a sense of nationality to indigenous education so that they love the
nation and homeland and fight for independence.

Ki Hajar Dewantaras been appointed as Minister of Teaching Indonesia referred to as the

Minister of Education, Teaching and Culture in the cabinet of the first Republic of Indonesia.

For his service pioneered education in Indonesia, in 1957 he received an honorary doctorate
(doctor honoris causa, Dr.H.C.) of the University of Gadjah Mada (UGM).

Finally, he was declared as Father of National Education of Indonesia, as well as his birth day
serves as National Education Day.

Ki Hajar Dewantara died on 26 th April 1959 in Yogyakarta. He was buried at the Taman
Wijaya Brata, tombs for Taman Siswas family. His face was also immortalized on the
Indonesian currency denomination of old 20,000 rupiahs.

Brief Biography of Ki Hajar Dewantara

Full Name: Raden Mas Soewardi Soerjaningrat

Other Names: Ki Hajar Dewantara, Father of Education, and Ki Hadjar Dewantara

Profession: Education Leaders

Religion: Islam

Place of Birth: Yogyakarta

Date of Birth: Thursday, May 2nd 1889

Zodiac: Taurus

Nationality: Indonesia

Wife: Nyi Sutartinah

Date of Death: April 26th 1959

Died Age: 69 years

Grave: Taman Wijaya Brata

Motto of Ki Hadjar Dewantara

Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodo

Ing Madyo Mangun Karso

Tut Wuri Handayani

The most famous Posts of Ki Hajar Dewantara

If I A Dutch (Als ik een Nederlander was)

If I were a Dutchman, I will not hold parties independence in a country that had we took his
own independence. Parallel to the path of such thoughts, not only unfair, but also
inappropriate to send the inlander made donation to fund the celebration. The idea to
implement the celebration of that should be insulting them, and now we also dredging their
gun. Lets go ahead insult outwardly and inwardly it! If I were a Dutchman, it is particularly
offended me and fellow countrymen is the fact that inlander required to participate sponsor an
activity without the slightest interest for him.\
 Biografi RA Kartini

One of very famous female figures in Indonesia is Raden Ajeng Kartini. She is also
commonly known as R.A Kartini.

She is known as one of the national hero determined to fight for the emancipation of women.

R.A Kartini was born on April 21st 1879 in Jepara. Since the number of services and struggle
for people of Indonesia, the day of her birth was celebrated as Kartini Day.

Kartini was born in a noble family so she earned R.A (Raden Ajeng) in front of her name.
According to Javanese tradition the title used before she got married, while after marriage
then knighted used is R.A (Raden Ayu).

Her father named R.M. Sosroningrat is a son of Prince Ario Tjondronegoro IV. At that time,
Kartinis father was a regent in Jepara and an honorable man.

Kartinis mother named M.A. Ngasirah was the son of Kyai / religion teacher in Telukawur,
Jepara. She was not highborn, but just ordinary people.

Thats what makes R.A Kartini must have a stepmother. This is because the Dutch colonial
rule requires a regent married to noblesse.

Finally Kartinis father then married a descendant of Maduras King noblewoman named
Raden Adjeng Woerjan.
R.A Kartini was the fifth of 11 siblings, consisting of siblings and half-brother. Nevertheless,
she was the oldest of her sisters.

As derived from the offspring of nobility, Kartini is entitled to receive a decent education.
Then, her father sent her to ELS (Europese Lagere School).

According to Javanese tradition, after the 12 years old, the child should be dipingit (living
at home), is no exception for R.A Kartini. However, although she was at home, she still
continues to learn.

Her lofty ideals are eager to see the indigenous women can study and learn as today.

New ideas about emancipation or equality of indigenous women by her, considered a novelty
that can change societys views.

In addition, her writings also contain about the significance of belief, wisdom and beauty,
humanity and nationalism.

Not only that, she also touched on religion, for example, she questioned why a man may
practice polygamy, why the holy book should be read and memorized without obligation to
understand, and more.

After becoming adult moman, then in 1903 R.A Kartini married a regent of Rembang City
named K.R.M. Duke Ario Singgih Djojo Adhiningrat. Although many historians say that the
wedding is the insistence of her parents.

Most people estimate at the time of marriage, Kartini R.A still wants to live freely. But in
order to make the hearts of parents happy and proud, she prefers to follow the wishes of her
parents.

While it is like other destiny. Exactly a year after getting married, she must be in the call by
the God (25 years old). Note before she died, she had a son named R.M Soesalit
Djojoadhiningrat.

RA Kartinis Books

Aku Mau Feminisme dan Nasionalisme. Surat-surat Kartini kepada Stella Zeehandelaar
1899-1903.

Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang

Kartini Surat-surat kepada Ny RM Abendanon-Mandri dan suaminya

Letters from Kartini, An Indonesian Feminist 1900-1904

Panggil Aku Kartini Saja (Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer)

 Surat-surat Kartini, Renungan Tentang dan Untuk Bangsanya

The Brief Biography of RA Kartini in English

Full Name: Raden Ajeng Kartini

Other Names: Raden Ayu Kartini, RA Kartini

Date of Birth: April 21th 1879

Zodiac: Taurus

Place of Birth: Dutch Flag Jepara, Central Java, the Indies

Date of Death: September 17th 1904

Points Died: Rembang, Central Java, the Indies

Died Age: 25 Years

Known for: The Emancipation of Women

Nationality: Indonesia

Religion: Islam

Husband: K.R.M. Duke Ario Singgih Djojo Adhiningrat

Children: R.M Soesalit Djojoadhiningrat

Grandchildren: RM. Boedi Setiyo Soesalit

Great-grandchildren: RA. Kartini Setiawati Soesalit, RM. Kartono Boediman Soesalit,

Soesalit Roekmini RA, RM. Samingoen Bawadiman Soesalit, and RM. Rahmat Harjanto
Soesalit.
 Biografi Sultan Hasannudin

Sultan Hasanuddinis one of Indonesianhero who fought againts Dutch. He was a son of 15th
King of Gowa Empire, named Sultan Dimas Lintang or Sultan Malikussaid. Hasanuddin was
born in Makassar January 12, 1631 and his name wasI Malombassi Mohammad Bakir Daeng
Mattawang Karaeng Bonto Mangape.

Since Sultan Hasanudin was child, he was educated well by his father that created his
leadership. When his father, Sultan Malikussaid became a king of Gowa, he sometime asked
Hasanuddin to accompany him to some important meeting. His father did this, because he
wanted to prepare Hasanuddin to be the next king. He had higher inteligent than his friends
when he studied.

Sultan Hasanuddin studied in a Mosque which was a centre of religion education. He grew
as a humble, smart, and spiritful person. He studied with spiritual teacher named Karaeng
Patingaloang, who was a teacher of Aria Palakka, King of Bone.
When he was 22 years old, he promoted as a King of Gowa Empire in Makassar and was
knighted as Sultan Hasanuddin Ri Balla Rangkana. People called him Sultan Hasanuddin or
King Hasanuddin. He became a king as a message from Sultan Malikussaid before he passed
away. He became a King of Gowa Empire to continue his father which was very hard,
because Gowa was a very great kingdom at that time in Eastern Indonesia.

Eastern Indonesia was a region full with spices which was a main comodity. That was why
Dutch tried to conquer that region. Dutch which was led by Admiral Cornelis Spellmen had
conquered some small kingdom in Eastern Indonesia, but Gowa was still strong. Gowa was
the only one kingdom that still againts Dutch, so they tried to attack Gowa. Sultan
Hasanuddin knew that they could not fight alone, so he tried to merge other kingdoms.
Hasannuddin assembled soldier from Eastern Indonesia to fight againt Dutch.

The war between Gowa and Dutch Colonial could be avoided. Sultan Hasanuddin and his
troop bravely fight Dutch, but Dutch got reinforcement from Batavia which made Gowa
pushed. A treaty was made to end the war between Gowa and Dutch, named Bongaya Treaty.
However, Gowa suffered, because of this treaty. Sultan Hasanuddin felt that he was tricked
by Ducth, then he declared a war againts Dutch.

Dutch got more reinforcement that made Gowa more under pressed. Dutch pushed them to
the last stronghold, called Sombaopu. Finally, Dutch could breach the stronghold and
overtook Gowa Empire at June 24th 1669. After Gowa lost from Dutch, Spellmen declared an
amnesty, who wanted to surrender and join Dutch would get amnesty. However, Sultan
Hasanuddin had promised that he would not join and compromised to Dutch, so he released
his position as a king.

At June 12 1670, Sultan Hasanuddin passed away, when he was 39 years old. He was burried
in kings burial inside stronghold of Kale Gowa. Sultan Hasanuddin was caled as e Haantjes
van Het Oosten or A Rooster from The Eastern, because of his brave. Indonesian Military
used his named is a name of Regional Military Command in Makassar. Sultan Hasanuddin
was proclaimed as Indonesia national hero by President at November 6th 1973.
 Biografi Mohammad Hatta

Mohammad Hatta or often called Bung Hatta was the first Vice President of Indonesia.
Mohammad Hatta was born in Bukit tinggi, West Sumatera on August 12th, 1902. His father
is Haji Mohammad Djamil and his mother is Siti Saleha. His father died when he was eight
months old. Hatta married to Rahmi Hatta on November 18th, 1945. The couple had three
children named Meutia Farida Hatta, Gemala Rabiah Hatta, and Halida Nuriah Hatta.

Hatta started his education at a private school named Sekolah Melayu. Then he went to ELS
(European Language School). He continued his school to MULO (Meer Uitgebreid Lager
Onderwijs). Hatta began to show his interested in politics and national movement since he
was sixteen years old. He joined Jong Sumatranen Bond and he was chosen as the treasurer.

In 1919, Hatta went to Hogere Burgerschool (HBS) in Batavia (Jakarta). He finished his
study with distinction in 1921 and he was allowed to continue his study to Rotterdam School
of Commerce in Netherlands. He took economics as his major and got a doctorandus degree.
He then continued to pursue his doctorate degree, but he didnt finish his thesis because
politics had taken over his life.

In Netherlands Hatta joined the Indische Vereeniging. In 1922, Indische Vereeniging changed
its named to Indonesische Vereeniging (Perhimpoenan Indonesia). Hatta was the treasurer
from 1922-1925 and then he became the chairman from 1926-1930. Perhimpoenan Indonesia
then changed from a student organization to political organization that demand for
Indonesias Independence. It expressed its voice through a magazine called Indonesia
Merdeka of which Hatta was the editor.

Hatta attended congresses all over Europe to gain more support from other nations, he always
as the chairman of Indonesia delegation. By the middle of 1927, Perhimpoenan Indonesias
activites had alarmed the Dutch authorities. On June 1927, Dutch authorities put Hatta and
four other Indonesian activists in jail. In 1929, Hatta and other Perhimpoenan Indonesia
activists were released.

On August 1932, after returning to Indonesia, Hatta became the chairman of the new PNI. On
February 1934, the Dutch Colonial government arrested PNI leaders from its Jakarta branch
(including Hatta) and Bandung branch. They were prisoned for a year. In 1935, it was
decided that Hatta and the other PNI leaders would be exiled to Boven Digoel Papua. In
1936, Hatta and Sutan Syahrir were transfered to Bandaneira in Maluku. There, they joined
other nationalists such as Iwa Kusumasumantri and Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo.

In 1942, Hatta and Syahrir were transferred to Sukabumi, West Java. In the same year, the
Dutch Colonial Government surrendered. However, because of World War II was under way,
the Empire of Japan came to Indonesia to fulfil their imperial ambitions in East Asia and
South East Asia. On March 1942, Hatta and Syahrir were transferred to Jakarta.

In July 1942, Hatta was reunited with Sukarno. In a secret meeting at Hattas Jakarta home,
Sukarno, Hatta and Syahrir agreed to organise the revolutionary resistance to achieve
independence from Japan. In a speech on December 1942, Hatta said that Indonesia already
free from the Dutch Colonial Government, but Indonesia was free only to be colonized by
another power, he would rather to see Indonesia drown to the bottom of the ocean.

As the tide of the war began to turn against the Japanese, the Japanese Occupational
government in Indonesia began to lose its control of Indonesia. On August 1945, Japanese
finally approved Indonesian Independence. August 16th, 1945, the Indonesian youths
kidnapped Sukarno and Hatta to Rengasdengklok to force both of them to declare
Independence of Indonesia.

Finally, August 17th, 1945, at Sukarnos residence, Indonesias Independence was proclaimed
in a short statement on a paper signed by Sukarno and Hatta. On August 18th, 1945 Hatta was
selected as Indonesias first Vice President to accompany Sukarno as the President of
Indonesia. Hatta died on March 14th, 1980 and he was buried in Tanah Kusir public
cemetary, Jakarta.

HABIBIE

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, h., FREng (born in Parepare, South Sulawesi, on June 25,
1936; age 79) was the third President of Indonesia. He replaced Soeharto who resigned from the
Presidency on May 21, 1998. His position was replaced by Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) who was
elected President on October 20, 1999 by the ASSEMBLY election results 1999. With shake for 2
months and 7 days as Vice President, and 1 year and 5 months as President, Habibie was Vice
President and also the President of Indonesia with the shortest term. At this time his name is
immortalised as the name of one of the universities in Indonesia, replacing the name of the State
University of Indonesia. Table of contents

1 family and education

2 jobs and career

3 Presidency

4 Post-presidency

5 Publications

5.1 the work of Habibie

5.2 About Habibie

6 see also

7 References

8 external links

Family and education

BJ Habibie along with family

Habibie was the fourth of eight children, couples Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie and R.a. Tuti Marini
Puspowardojo. His fathers profession as an expert of agriculture comes from Gorontalo ethnic Bugis
descent and have, while his mothers surname. R.a. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo is the son of an eye
specialist in Yogya, and his father was named Puspowardjojo served as the owner of the school.

B.j. Habibie is married to Hasri Ainun Besari on 12 May 1962, with whom he had two sons, namely
Ilham Akbar Habibie and Thareq Habibie Kemal.

He had learned at the SMAK Dago. He studied mechanical engineering at the University of
Indonesia, Bandung (Bandung Institute of technology) in 1954. In 1955-1965 he went on to study
engineering, specializing in aircraft construction, RWTH Aachen, Western Germany, received his
diploma degree ingenieur in 1960 and a doctorate in 1965, ingenieur with summa cum laude. Job and
career

Habibie has previously worked at MesserschmittBlkowBlohm, an airline company based in

Hamburg, Germany, thus reaching the peak of his career as a Vice President of technology. In 1973,
he returned to Indonesia at the request of former President Soeharto.

Habibie met Helmut Kohl in Germany.

He then served as Minister of research and technology since 1978 to March 1998. Before serving as
the President (May 21, 1998-October 20, 1999), was Vice President BJ Habibie (14 March 1998 21
May 1998) in the seventh development cabinet under President Suharto. He was appointed Chairman
of KADIN (Indonesia Muslim Intellectuals), during his tenure as Minister. Presidency Inauguration of
President B.J. Habibie on May 21, 1998 Official photos and Ainun Habibie in 1998.

Habibie inherited the chaotic state of conditions in post Suhartos resignation breaking loose on the
new order era, giving rise to rampant riots and disintegerasi almost the entire territory of Indonesia.
Soon after acquiring the powers of President Habibie soon formed a Cabinet. One of the tasks is the
importance of the back support from the International Monetary Fund and the community of donor
countries for the economic recovery program. He also frees political prisoners and reducing controls
on freedom of speech and the activities of the organization.

During his brief he managed to give a solid foundation for Indonesia, at which time the Antitrust ACT
of being born or healthy competition ACT, political parties ACT changes and the most important is
the ACT of the autonomous region. Through the application of autonomous region ACT this is the
turmoil of disintegrating inherited since the new order era successfully muted and finally completed in
the era of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, in the absence of regional autonomy ACT certainly
Indonesia will suffer the same fate as the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia.

The appointment of B.J. Habibie as President raises a wide range of controversies for the people of
Indonesia. The party pros consider the appointment of Habibie is already unconstitutional. It complies
with the provisions of article 8 of the Constitution states that when the President died, stopped, or is
unable to perform its obligations in his term, he was replaced by Vice President until the time runs
out. While the counter parties consider that the appointment of B.J. Habibie is considered
unconstitutional. This is contrary to the provisions of article 9 of the Constitution states that before
assuming the post of President then the President would have to say the oath or pledge in front of the
ASSEMBLY or of the PARLIAMENT.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, FREng (lahir di Parepare, Sulawesi Selatan, 25
Juni 1936; umur 79 tahun) adalah Presiden Republik Indonesia yang ketiga. Ia menggantikan
Soeharto yang mengundurkan diri dari jabatan presiden pada tanggal 21 Mei 1998.
Jabatannya digantikan oleh Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) yang terpilih sebagai presiden
pada 20 Oktober 1999 oleh MPR hasil Pemilu 1999. Dengan menjabat selama 2 bulan dan 7
hari sebagai wakil presiden, dan 1 tahun dan 5 bulan sebagai presiden, Habibie merupakan
Wakil Presiden dan juga Presiden Indonesia dengan masa jabatan terpendek. Saat ini
namanya diabadikan sebagai nama salah satu universitas di Gorontalo, menggantikan nama
Universitas Negeri Gorontalo.
Daftar isi

1 Keluarga dan pendidikan

2 Pekerjaan dan karier
3 Masa Kepresidenan
4 Masa Pascakepresidenan
5 Publikasi
5.1 Karya Habibie
5.2 Mengenai Habibie
6 Lihat pula
7 Referensi
8 Pranala luar

Keluarga dan pendidikan

B.J. Habibie beserta keluarga
Habibie merupakan anak keempat dari delapan bersaudara, pasangan Alwi Abdul Jalil
Habibie dan R.A. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo. Ayahnya yang berprofesi sebagai ahli pertanian
berasal dari etnis Gorontalo dan memiliki keturunan Bugis, sedangkan ibunya beretnis Jawa.
R.A. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo adalah anak seorang spesialis mata di Yogya, dan ayahnya
yang bernama Puspowardjojo bertugas sebagai pemilik sekolah.

B.J. Habibie menikah dengan Hasri Ainun Besari pada tanggal 12 Mei 1962, dan dikaruniai
dua orang putra, yaitu Ilham Akbar Habibie dan Thareq Kemal Habibie.

Ia pernah berilmu di SMAK Dago. Ia belajar teknik mesin di Universitas Indonesia Bandung
(Sekarang Institut Teknologi Bandung) tahun 1954. Pada 1955-1965 ia melanjutkan studi
teknik penerbangan, spesialisasi konstruksi pesawat terbang, di RWTH Aachen, Jerman
Barat, menerima gelar diplom ingenieur pada 1960 dan gelar doktor ingenieur pada 1965
dengan predikat summa cum laude. Pekerjaan dan karier

Habibie pernah bekerja di Messerschmitt-Blkow-Blohm, sebuah perusahaan penerbangan

yang berpusat di Hamburg, Jerman, sehingga mencapai puncak karier sebagai seorang wakil
presiden bidang teknologi. Pada tahun 1973, ia kembali ke Indonesia atas permintaan mantan
presiden Soeharto.
Habibie saat bertemu Helmut Kohl di Jerman.

Ia kemudian menjabat sebagai Menteri Negara Riset dan Teknologi sejak tahun 1978 sampai
Maret 1998. Sebelum menjabat sebagai Presiden (21 Mei 1998 20 Oktober 1999), B.J.
Habibie adalah Wakil Presiden (14 Maret 1998 21 Mei 1998) dalam Kabinet Pembangunan
VII di bawah Presiden Soeharto. Ia diangkat menjadi ketua umum ICMI (Ikatan
Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia), pada masa jabatannya sebagai menteri.
Masa Kepresidenan
Pelantikan Presiden B.J. Habibie pada tanggal 21 Mei 1998
Foto Resmi Habibie dan Ainun 1998.

Habibie mewarisi kondisi keadaan negara kacau balau pasca pengunduran diri Soeharto pada
masa orde baru, sehingga menimbulkan maraknya kerusuhan dan disintegerasi hampir
seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Segera setelah memperoleh kekuasaan Presiden Habibie segera
membentuk sebuah kabinet. Salah satu tugas pentingnya adalah kembali mendapatkan
dukungan dari Dana Moneter Internasional dan komunitas negara-negara donor untuk
program pemulihan ekonomi. Dia juga membebaskan para tahanan politik dan mengurangi
kontrol pada kebebasan berpendapat dan kegiatan organisasi.

Pada era pemerintahannya yang singkat ia berhasil memberikan landasan kokoh bagi
Indonesia, pada eranya dilahirkan UU Anti Monopoli atau UU Persaingan Sehat, perubahan
UU Partai Politik dan yang paling penting adalah UU otonomi daerah. Melalui penerapan UU
otonomi daerah inilah gejolak disintegrasi yang diwarisi sejak era Orde Baru berhasil
diredam dan akhirnya dituntaskan di era presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, tanpa adanya
UU otonomi daerah bisa dipastikan Indonesia akan mengalami nasib sama seperti Uni Soviet
dan Yugoslavia.

Pengangkatan B.J. Habibie sebagai Presiden menimbulkan berbagai macam kontroversi bagi
masyarakat Indonesia. Pihak yang pro menganggap pengangkatan Habibie sudah
konstitusional. Hal itu sesuai dengan ketentuan pasal 8 UUD 1945 yang menyebutkan bahwa
bila Presiden mangkat, berhenti, atau tidak dapat melakukan kewajibannya dalam masa
jabatannya, ia diganti oleh Wakil Presiden sampai habis waktunya. Sedangkan pihak yang
kontra menganggap bahwa pengangkatan B.J. Habibie dianggap tidak konstitusional. Hal ini
bertentangan dengan ketentuan pasal 9 UUD 1945 yang menyebutkan bahwa sebelum
presiden memangku jabatan maka presiden harus mengucapkan sumpah atau janji di depan
MPR atau DPR.

Biografi Patimura
Mengenang pahlawan merupakan salah satu tanda bahwa kita mencintai Indonesia, mengapa?
karena kita sudah mau mengenal sejarah indonesia dan menganl siapa saja yang ikut serta
merebut kemerdekaan dari zaman penjejah. Kita pasti sudah banyak mengenal pahlawan
yang ada di Indonesia bukan? seperti cut nyak dien, R.A Kartini, Jendral Sudirman, Ki Hajar
Dewantara, patimura dan lain sebagainya.

Apakah sahabat KBI mengenal siapa itu patimura? Harus kenal yaa, kerana patimura
merupakan salah satu pahlawan Indonesa yang wajib kita kenal jasa nya. Nah, agar mengenal
lebih dekat siapa dan bagaimana kehidupa patimura, yuk coba kita simak bentuk biografinya
berikut ini dalam bahasa inggris

He is one of the national heroes who very persistently against the Netherlands colonizers.
Regarding the profile of Pattimura, he named Thomas Matulessy also says his real name is
Ahmad Lussy, he was born in Hualoy, South of Seram, Maluku on June 8, 1783. He died in
Ambon, Maluku, 16 December 1817 at the age of 34 years. He was the son of Frans Matulesi
with Fransina Silahoi. As for the biography of Pattimura in the Government first published,
M Sapija wrote, that the heroes of adhara Pattimura derivative nobility and originated from
Nusa Ina (Ceram). Father named Antoni Mattulessy was the son of Kasimiliali of Pattimura
Mattulessy. The latter was the son of King Sahulau. Sahulau is the name of the person in the
country which is situated in a Bay in Spooky South.
From the history of Pattimura written M Sapija, the title of kapitan was the awarding of the
Netherlands. In fact it is not. According to historian Mansyur Suryanegara, the ancestor of
this nation, from the point of history and anthropology, is homo religiosa (creatures of Hindu
religious texts).
Their belief against something the power beyond the reach of reason their minds, give rise to
interpretations that are difficult to digest ratio. Therefore, the social behaviour of controlled
forces of nature that they to fear.
Their souls are United with the forces of nature, supernatural powersspecial supernatural
powers which belonged to someone. Supernatural powers were later accepted as something
precious and sacred events. When he was attached to someone, then that person is a symbol
of their strength. He is a leader who is considered to have charisma.
Its inherent properties and processes from generation to generation. Although theyve been
converted, but genealogical/genealogy/descendant is a derivative of the leader or kapitan.
From this actual term kapitan inherent in the self begins. Pattimura
Before doing any resistance against the DUTCH he never had a career in the military as a
former Military Sergeant United Kingdom. The word Maluku comes from the Arabic Al
Mulk or Al-Malik meaning land of the Kings. given the large number of kingdoms at the time
In 1816 United Kingdom party surrender to the Netherlands and then the Netherlands do the
political monopoly policy, taxes on land (landrente), the relocation of the residents as well as
cruise Hongi (Hongi Tochten), as well as ignoring the Treaty of London I among other things
in the article 11 contains provisions that the United Kingdom Resident in Ambon must first
negotiate the transfer koprs Ambon with Gubenur.
And the agreement also clearly indicated that if the Government of the United Kingdom
ended in Maluku the fallen soldier Ambon must be freed in terms of reserves the right to
choose to enter the new Government or military service out of military service, however in
this military service move his practice forced the return of colonial Netherlands in 1817 gets
hard challenge from the people.
This is because the condition of the political, economic, and societal relations are bad for two
centuries. The Maluku people finally rose up in arms under the command of Kapitan
Pattimura () Then at the time war broke out against the Netherlands colonizers of the year
1817
Kings Vizier, The Kapitan, Indigenous elders and people picked it up as a leader and warlord
because experienced and possess Knights (kabaressi). As a warlord, Kapitan Pattimura set
the strategy of war with the acolytes.
As a leader he successfully coordinating the Kings Vizier in carrying out the activities of the
Government, the peoples lead, set up education, providing food and build strongholds of
Defense. the chemistry in leadership is recognized by the Grand Vizier or commoner.
In the struggle against Netherlands, he also established a Union with the Kingdom of Ternate
and Tidore, Kings in Bali, Sulawesi and Java. Pattimura national war that a military force
with the Netherlands facing large and strong by sending its own Admiral Buykes, one of the
Commissioner-General to confront Patimura.
Great battles against the Netherlands Army on land and at sea, organised the Kapitan
Pattimura, assisted by the penglimanya, among others, Melchior Kesaulya, Anthoni Rebhok,
Philip Ulupaha and Latumahina. The battle that destroyed the troops of Netherlands was
recorded as the capture of the Castle Duurstede, Netherlands fighting on the beaches of
Waisisil and jasirah Hatawano, Ullath, JasirahOuw Hitu island of Ambon and Seram South.
Pattimura war can only be stopped with divide lamb, Guile and scorched earth by the
Netherlands. Pattimura, together with the other fighter with her character finally can be
captured. Pattimura was arrested by the colonial Government of Netherlands in a house in the
regional series of Sorry. Pattimura then tried in the courts of the Netherlands Colonial with
accusations against the Government of the Netherlands.
Pattimura then sentenced
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before his execution, hanging on the gallows, the Netherlands apparently continue to
persuade Pattimura in order to cooperate with the Government of Netherlands colonial, but
Pattimura refused. Pattimura then retired at the gallows on 16 December 1817 in front of Fort
Victoria in the town of Ambon.
For the service and sacrifice that, Kapitan Pattimura confirmed as the hero of the
independence struggle by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia National Hero
Of Indonesia. The Almighty Godhead just and civilized Humanity unity of Indonesia, led by
Populist wisdom wisdom in independence representative consultative for the whole people of
indonesia.
 Cerita legenda batu menangis

Once upon a time, there lived a mother and her daughter in a small village, in Borneo island.
The daughter was so beautiful, but she had a very bad behavior. She never helped her mother
to work. She just spent her time in front of the mirror to beautify herself and to admire her
beauty. While her mother had to work to fulfill their daily needs. She was also a spoiled girl.
She always asked everything to her mother. if her mother didnt fulfill her want, she would
cry. This made her mother so sad, but somehow she still loved her daughter. So she always
tried to fulfill what her daughter wanted.

One day, the girl forced her mother to buy a new gown for her. At first, her mother refused
her request. She told her daughter that she didnt have enough money. But her daughter
threatened her mother, then she fulfilled to but a new gown. Before going to the market
together, her daughter reminded her mom,Lets go shopping, but I dont want to walk beside
you. You had to walk behind me, I felt embarrassed if people see me. Even though her
mother felt really sad, she obeyed her daughter request, she did not want her daughter feel
embarrassed.

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The daughter dressed beautifully while her mother wore very simple dress. Even though they
were a mother and a daughter, they looked so different. Her mother looked like her servant.
In the middle of their way to market, a man greeted them,Hi cute girl, is she your mother?.
he asked. How could you think that? Of course she is not my mother, she is my servant, the
daughter replied. Her mother was so sad to hear that. She kept silent though her heart was
crying aloud. Along the street everyone passing kept asking the girl about her mother. And
the girl always told them that the old woman behind her was her servant.

The mother had stayed patiently along the street. And finally she could not bear it to hear her
daughters answer. she prayed to the God,O Lord, punish my ungrateful daughter, please!,
she prayed. Sudd