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Introduction To Work Power and Energy

Introduction to Work Power and Energy A person goes to his office by walk, sits at his office desk from 10 a.m to 5 p.m ., does his work and then finally returns to his home by walk. But according to physics, he does not do any work sitting in his office. He does work only during his walk to his office and back to his home. Work is said to be done by a force when a body undergoes displacement parallel to the line of action of the force . It is measured by the scalar product of the vectors repre

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Anurag Malik
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585 views3 pages

Introduction To Work Power and Energy

Introduction to Work Power and Energy A person goes to his office by walk, sits at his office desk from 10 a.m to 5 p.m ., does his work and then finally returns to his home by walk. But according to physics, he does not do any work sitting in his office. He does work only during his walk to his office and back to his home. Work is said to be done by a force when a body undergoes displacement parallel to the line of action of the force . It is measured by the scalar product of the vectors repre

Uploaded by

Anurag Malik
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Work Power and Energy

A person goes to his office by walk, sits at his office desk from 10 a.m to 5 p.m ., does
his work and then finally returns to his home by walk. But according to physics, he does
not do any work sitting in his office. He does work only during his walk to his office and
back to his home.
Work is said to be done by a force when a body undergoes displacement parallel
to the line of action of the force .

It is measured by the scalar product of the vectors representing the force applied on a
body and the displacement of the body due to the force. The work W due to force F on a
body that produces a displacement S is given by
                W  =  F . S 
                W = FS cos      ,  where S cos   is the component of displacement parallel to
the line of action of the force F ,                                                is the angle between the
force and displacement vectors.
                                   Work is a scalar quantity whose SI unit is joule (J) .  Its
dimensional formula is [ML-1T-2] .
      Work may be positive or negative. Work is positive if   0          900 .  Work is
negative if 900        1800 .
                   
Work is zero if (i) the displacement is zero. A person holding a brief case and waiting
for a bus makes no displacement.  So, no work is done by him. Similarly a person sitting
at a place does not work . (ii) the angle between the force and displacement is 900 .
When the moon revolves round the earth in a circular orbit, the angle between the
gravitational force of attraction of the earth on the moon that causes the centripetal
force for the circular motion and the  displacement is 900 . When we walk on a
horizontal road work is done by us. But the work done by gravitational force is zero
since the displacement is perpendicular to the gravitational force . (iii) the force is zero.
When an object moves on a smooth horizontal surface force in the direction of
displacement is zero and the work done during this displacement is zero.
       
If the displacement is in the same direction of force ,   = 00  and work done is      
W  =  F S
            This formula for work can be used when the force is uniform throughout its
displacement i.e., the force is a constant force. If the force is variable,  

                           W  =            , where dx is the displacement under the action of


force F.
     The same can also be obtained by the area under force - displacement graph :
Work Power and Energy : Power
More often the rate at which the work is done, is more important than doing work. To
extinguish the fire in a building water is to be lifted up and sprayed on the fire as fast as
possible. When water is filled int eh overhead tank of a building, how fast is it filled
depends upon the motor used to lift the water into the tank.
 The time rate of doing work is called power.
    If W is the work done by a force in a time interval t then the average power     P  =
W / t . 
    The instantaneous power is   P  =  dW / dt .
    The work done by a force F for a displacement dr is ,        dW  = F . dr
                                  P = dW / dt  =  F . dr / dt    =  F . v    =  F v cos   , where v is the
instantaneous velocity when the force is F .
          Power is a scalar quantity. Its SI unit is watt (W) and dimensional formula is
[ML2 T-3 ] . Another unit of power in use to describe the power of motors and
automobiles is horse power(hp) .  1 hp = 746 W .
           The electrical unit used to measure the consumption of electricity in our houses
is kilo watt hour (kwh) is not the unit of power. It is the unit of electrical energy
consumed.
                                      1 kilo watt hour = 1000 watt hour  =  1000 J / S x 3600 S  =  3.6
x 106J .

Work Power and Energy : Energy


 When an animate or inanimate body is able to do work we say that it possesses
energy.
                                    Energy of a body is its capacity to do work.
A moving vehicle possesses energy since it does work against friction and air
resistance before coming to rest after the engine is switched off. Water stored in a dam
has energy since it can run the turbines when the water flows down onto the turbines.
       The different forms of energy are mechanical energy, light energy, heat energy, a
sound energy, electrical energy, nuclear energy etc.    In mechanics, we are interested
in mechanical energy. A body possess mechanical energy in two different forms. (1) By
virtue of its motion which is called kinetic energy. (2) By virtue of its position or
configuration which is called potential energy.

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