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STPM Physics Chapter 15 Direct Current Circuits

1. Electromotive force (EMF) is the energy supplied to each coulomb of charge that flows from the source and is measured in volts. 2. Potential difference is the difference in electric potential between two points in a circuit and is also measured in volts. 3. Kirchhoff's laws state that the algebraic sum of currents at a junction is zero (Kirchhoff's first law), and that the algebraic sum of potential differences in any closed loop is zero (Kirchhoff's second law).

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3K views

STPM Physics Chapter 15 Direct Current Circuits

1. Electromotive force (EMF) is the energy supplied to each coulomb of charge that flows from the source and is measured in volts. 2. Potential difference is the difference in electric potential between two points in a circuit and is also measured in volts. 3. Kirchhoff's laws state that the algebraic sum of currents at a junction is zero (Kirchhoff's first law), and that the algebraic sum of potential differences in any closed loop is zero (Kirchhoff's second law).

Uploaded by

Chris Lau
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SMK SACRED HEART, SIBU STPM PHYSICS CHAPTER 15 DIRECT CURRENT CIRCUITS

1. Electromotive force (e.m.f.), E


= energy supplied to each coulomb of charge that flows
from the source.
Since its unit is V, from V = E= = =
V1 = V G Itotal = I1 = IG
I1 R1 = IG RG = = =
E=
E = I (R + r)
=1+ 11. Potentiometer (When G = 0)
E= Diagram Formula
R=
2. Potential difference between two points
V= = =constant
=
3. Maximum current
V = E Ir
Imaximum = , r = internal resistance
Due to presence of r , V < E, hence V = IR =
4. Electrical power, P = = constant
P = IV = I2R =
5. Series parallel Hence, =
Type Maximum
Series Voltage
Parallel Current V = IR =
6. Maximum power = = constant
2 2
P=I R=( ) R , when R = r Thus, =

Hence, =
7. Kirchhoffs first law:
The algebraic sum of the currents at a junction of a circuit
is zero. [ Principle of conservation of charge ] = ,
= 0 or Iin = Iout =

8. Kirchhoffs second law: = , V1 = E


In a closed loop, the algebraic sum of = = =1+
the e.m.f.s is equal to the products of
current and resistance. 2 = new length

[Principle of conservation of energy ] when S1 is closed


*Refer to Kirchhoffs Law question analysis

9. Potential and current divider


Poetntial divider Current divider
= =

Itotal = I1 = I2 Vtotal = V1 = V2
= = = Itotal R total = I1 R1 = I2 R2 =
10. Shunt and multiplier
Shunt Multiplier
12. Wheatstone bridge & Metre bridge
Resistor of lower resistance Resistor of high resistance
If R and S are replaced
than that of galvanometer connected in series with the
by wires. Then:
and is connected parallel to galvanometer.
galvanometer PQRS are
resistance

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