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06 - Well Test - Type Curves

The document discusses type curve analysis for well test interpretation, noting that Gringarten type curves are the most widely used. It describes the Gringarten model, provides the procedure for matching pressure data to type curves, and discusses how to interpret the match point coordinates to determine reservoir properties like permeability and skin factor. The document also addresses using type curves to analyze buildup test data.

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Nanthini Palanisamy
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154 views

06 - Well Test - Type Curves

The document discusses type curve analysis for well test interpretation, noting that Gringarten type curves are the most widely used. It describes the Gringarten model, provides the procedure for matching pressure data to type curves, and discusses how to interpret the match point coordinates to determine reservoir properties like permeability and skin factor. The document also addresses using type curves to analyze buildup test data.

Uploaded by

Nanthini Palanisamy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Well Test Interpretation

SKPP4323

TYPE CURVES

Azmi Mohd Arshad


Department of Petroleum Engineering
WEEK 06
Introduction
Type curves first appeared in oil industry literature
in the seventies.
Several kinds, as listed below, are used to interpret
a test in a vertical well with a infinite homogeneous
reservoir:
Agarwal et al. type curves;
McKinley type curves;
Earlougher and Kersch type curves;
Gringarten et al. type curves.
Gringarten et al. curves are the most complete and
practical to use. They are also the most widely used
in oil industry literature.
Gringarten Type Curves
A type curve represents the variations in pressure
versus time for a specified reservoir-well
configuration.
It is calculated using an analytic model and
expressed in dimensionless variables.
The analytic model used by Gringarten to describe a
vertical well in an infinite homogeneous reservoir is
discussed by F. Daviau (1986).
Gringarten Type Curves/2
Gringarten Type Curves/3
Procedure
Plot the measured pressure drop Dp versus Dt on tracing
paper lying on the type curves, using the log-log scale of the
type curves.
Look for the portion of an underlying type curves matching
the data best. Only translation are allowed during this step,
keeping the two grids parallel.
Note the specifications of the type curve where the measured
points match; they correspond to value of CDexp(2S).
Pick a match point, M, whose coordinates can be read in both
the type curve system of axes (pD, tD/CD) as well as in the field
data system (Dp, Dt). The point M can be chosen anywhere on
the plot, not necessarily on the curve.
Gringarten Type Curves/4
Gringarten Type Curves/5
Gringarten Type Curves/6
Gringarten Type Curves/7
Interpretation
The ordinate of the match point is measured:
in the type curve system of axes: pD
in the field data system of axes: Dp.
kh
As: pD p (in practical US units)
141.2 qB

The proportionality factor between pD and Dp can be used to


determine the reservoirs kh:

(p D ) M
kh 141.2 qB (5.4)
(Dp) M
Gringarten Type Curves/8
Interpretation
In the same way the abscissa of the match point, M, is measured in the type
curve system of axes, tD/CD and in the field data system of axes: Dt..

0.000295 kh
t D /C D t (in practical US units) (5.5)
C
As kh is already determined

The proportionality factor between tD/CD and Dt can be used to calculate C,


the wellbore storage:

0.000295 kh (Dt) M
C (5.6)
(t D /C D ) M
Gringarten Type Curves/9
Interpretation
The type curve where the data have been matched is
characterized by CDexp(2S).

CD is then calculated:
0.89 C
CD (in practical US units) (5.7)
h c t rw2
The value of CDexp(2S) is used to determine the skin:

1 (C D exp (2S)) (5.8)


S ln
2 CD
Gringarten Type Curves/10
Using Type Curves During Buildup
Type curves were established for constant flow rate
production (drawdown).
The curves can be used directly to analyze buildup if:
Dt << tp after constant flow rate;
Dt << tp(n-1) after a multirate history
tp(n-1) duration of the last production
period before shut-in.
These conditions are the same as for using MDH method.
If these conditions do not exist, using the types directly may
lead to inaccurate results.
Gringarten Type Curves/11
Gringarten Type Curves/12
Using Type Curves During Buildup
The effect of short production time can be seen in a
flattening out of the type curve, the buildup curve
under the drawdown type curve.
Attempting to force a match between the buildup
data points and a drawdown curve would result in a
type curve located too high on the set of curves and
therefore in inaccurate results.
Gringarten Type Curves/13
Using Type Curves During Buildup
The most useful method of using drawdown type curves
for buildup is Agarwals method. It consists in plotting
each measurement versus an equivalent time, Dte as
defined below instead of versus Dt:

t
t e
t (5.9)
1
tp

The equivalent time is very close to Dt for Dt values that


are small compared to production time.
Gringarten Type Curves/14
Using Type Curves During Buildup
The buildup measured
points plotted versus
Dte are located on a
drawdown curve and
the flattening effect of
buildup disappears.
F. Daviau indicates that
Agarwals method can
be used for buildup
provided that the semi-
log straight line was
reached during the
previous drawdown
period.
Example 6

(In-class workshop)
- Drawdown -
Example 7

(In-class workshop)
- Buildup -
References
1. Bourdarot, Gilles : Well Testing: Interpretation
Methods, ditions Technip, 1998.
2. Internet.

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