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Ethics and Values - NM

The document discusses ethics and ethical decision making. It defines ethics as well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what to do in terms of obligations and societal benefit. It identifies several approaches for determining ethical standards, including utilitarianism, rights-based approaches, fairness, and virtues. The document outlines steps for ethical decision making, including recognizing issues, gathering facts, evaluating alternatives based on different approaches, making a decision, testing it, acting, and reflecting on the outcome.

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Akash Sinha
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29 views

Ethics and Values - NM

The document discusses ethics and ethical decision making. It defines ethics as well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what to do in terms of obligations and societal benefit. It identifies several approaches for determining ethical standards, including utilitarianism, rights-based approaches, fairness, and virtues. The document outlines steps for ethical decision making, including recognizing issues, gathering facts, evaluating alternatives based on different approaches, making a decision, testing it, acting, and reflecting on the outcome.

Uploaded by

Akash Sinha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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N Manikandan

Ethics????
IS

Ethics related to .
Feelings
Religion
NO..
Law
Culturally accepted norms
Science
Ethics

Well founded standards of right and wrong that


prescribe what to do in terms of rights, obligations,
societal benefit, fairness etc.

Study and development of ones ethical standards.


Ethical Standards
How to identify ethical standards????

Problem is in knowing..
What are ethical standards?
How those standards get applied to specific situations?
Sources of ethical standards
Utilitarian approach one that provides most good and the
least harm.
Rights approach one that protects and respects the moral
rights of those affected.
Fairness or Justice approach all equals should be treated
equally.
Common good approach respect and compassion for all
and a common welfare of all.
Virtue approach consistent with ideal virtues like
honesty, courage, tolerance, integrity etc.

Still, there need not be a common basis for all these


approaches and question of ethical standards remain..
Steps in ethical decision making
Recognize an ethical issue
What impact will this decision lead to concerned
group/people/society Negative or Positive.
Any choice between good and bad.
Is it about anything thats best and thats beyond
legality?

Get the Facts


Are all the facts and relevant situation known before
making a decision?
Whos stakes are high?
Consultation with all and all possible options.
Evaluate Alternative Actions
Evaluate the options by asking the following questions:
Which option will produce the most good and do the
least harm? (The Utilitarian Approach)
Which option best respects the rights of all who have a
stake? (The Rights Approach)
Which option treats people equally or
proportionately? (The Justice Approach)
Which option best serves the community
as a whole, not just some members?
(The Common Good Approach)
Which option leads me to act as the sort of person I
want to be? (The Virtue Approach)
Make a Decision and Test It
Considering all these approaches, which option best
addresses the situation?
How will those people who are trustworthy react to the
decision taken?

Act and Reflect on the Outcome


Implementation with utmost care and concern for all.
Effect of decision and the learning from the specific
situation.

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