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Explanation

Mountain barriers are one reason deserts remain dry. Warm, moist air picks up water vapor from the ocean. As the air rises over mountains, it cools and condenses the moisture as rain on the mountain's windward side. By the time the air reaches the leeward side of the mountains, it has lost all its moisture, leaving that area dry. Cold ocean currents also keep deserts dry by cooling air masses so they cannot hold much moisture. When this cold air reaches warm deserts, any moisture evaporates rather than falling as rain. High pressure systems are a third reason, as the downward moving dry air in these systems draws moisture from the land, preventing rain and keeping deserts dry.

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784 views

Explanation

Mountain barriers are one reason deserts remain dry. Warm, moist air picks up water vapor from the ocean. As the air rises over mountains, it cools and condenses the moisture as rain on the mountain's windward side. By the time the air reaches the leeward side of the mountains, it has lost all its moisture, leaving that area dry. Cold ocean currents also keep deserts dry by cooling air masses so they cannot hold much moisture. When this cold air reaches warm deserts, any moisture evaporates rather than falling as rain. High pressure systems are a third reason, as the downward moving dry air in these systems draws moisture from the land, preventing rain and keeping deserts dry.

Uploaded by

Ani Farida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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How Deserts Remain Dry

1 There are three possible reasons why deserts remain dry. These are high
mountain barriers, cold ocean currents, and high pressure systems.
2 First is due to mountain barriers. When warm air passes over the ocean,
it picks up moisture in the form of water vapor. As this moist air travels over
the land, it rises to pass over mountain ranges. When it begins to rise, the air
cools and this causes the water vapor to condense into droplets which fall as
rain. When the air reaches the other side of the mountain barrier, it has lost
all its moisture and so the other side of the mountain remains dry.
3 Another reason is cold ocean currents. Air passing over cold ocean
currents is cooled, and therefore is unable to pick up and hold much
moisture. When this cold air mass reaches the warm desert, any moisture in
the air is evaporated and so does not fall as rain and so the desert remains
4 dry.
The last reason deals with high pressure systems. In a high pressure
system, the air is dry and is moving downwards. As this system moves over
the land, it draws in moisture from the land surface. Consequently, the
moisture does not fall as rain and so the desert remains dry.

Ordering Sentences
Put the sentences in the right order to show how Mountain Barriers
keep deserts dry. Write Numbers 1 to 6 to show the right order.

The air that reaches the other side of the mountain does not contain
moisture anymore.
Moisture rises to pass over mountain ranges.
Air picks up moisture from the ocean in the form of water vapor.
Warm air passes over the ocean.
Moisture travels over the land.
The cool air condenses the water vapor causing rains.

Read the jumbled sentences below. Then, to show how VOLCANOES CAN
CAUSE WILDFIRES, put Numbers 1 to 5 in the right order.

1. If you could look inside a volcano you would see


General layers of rock that have been formed by flows of
statement lava. The lava comes from deep inside the Earth.
2. As well as lava, some volcanoes produce ash clouds
and burning cinders. The cinders can cause
SE 1 wildfires.
3. Lava flows are hot enough to set fire to trees and
SE 2 houses. Strong winds sometimes fan the flames,
causing wildfires.
4. When fires are started by volcanoes, the best way to
SE 3 extinguish the flames is water bombing from
helicopters.

5. Volcanoes are mountains formed from molten lava.
Conclusion
The lava flows out of the ground and forms layers of
solid rock.

Passive Voice

It is common to use passive structures in explanation text, especially when


people interfere in the process. The passive structures are constructed with a
form of the auxiliary be (e.g. am, is, are, was, were, been, be) and the past
participle of a main verb (e.g. written, spoken, listened). Examples:

Present Is
Past Was
Present perfect has been
It revealed.
Past perfect had been
Future will be
is going to be

Read the following sentences and choose the answer from the options.

1. This survey at investigating the effectiveness of the appraisal system in


our company.
A. aimed
B. were aiming
C. aiming
D. be aiming
E. aim

2. The survey last month.


A. was conducting
B. conducts
C. was conducted
D. conducting
E. conducted
3. The data by means of a questionnaire survey and three focus group
interviews.
A. collected
B. were collected
C. collecting
D. collects
E. were collecting
4. In the questionnaire, respondents ten questions regarding the current
appraisal system.
A. were asking
B. asking
C. ask
D. were asked
E. asked

5. It that the respondents were generally quite satisfied with the system, but
about half of them were stated that it should out less frequently.
A. is finding; carry
B. found; carried
C. was found; be carried
D. finds; be carrying
E. find; carries

6. In the focus group interviews, the respondents the opportunity to discuss


the system openly.
A. given
B. were giving
C. were given
D. giving
E. are giving

7. Some respondents complained that the appraiser too little about them to
give detailed and objective comments.
A. knows
B. is knowing
C. is known
D. knew
E. knowing

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