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Applied Drinking Water Math Formula Sheet and Conversion Factors

This document provides formulas and conversion factors for applied drinking water calculations. It includes formulas for areas, volumes, velocities, flow rates, detention times, parts per million/pounds, loadings, chemical mixing, filtration, softening, demineralization, and laboratory calculations. Formulas are provided for rectangles, triangles, cylinders, cones, velocities, detention time, weir overflow rates, surface loading rates, rise rates, chemical mixing strengths, backwash rates, lime feed rates, exchange capacities, bypass flows, brine volumes, mineral rejection, recovery rates, non-carbonate hardness, and soda ash needs.

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128 views

Applied Drinking Water Math Formula Sheet and Conversion Factors

This document provides formulas and conversion factors for applied drinking water calculations. It includes formulas for areas, volumes, velocities, flow rates, detention times, parts per million/pounds, loadings, chemical mixing, filtration, softening, demineralization, and laboratory calculations. Formulas are provided for rectangles, triangles, cylinders, cones, velocities, detention time, weir overflow rates, surface loading rates, rise rates, chemical mixing strengths, backwash rates, lime feed rates, exchange capacities, bypass flows, brine volumes, mineral rejection, recovery rates, non-carbonate hardness, and soda ash needs.

Uploaded by

saaroomani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Division of Drinking and Ground Waters

APPLIED DRINKING WATER MATH FORMULA SHEET


AND CONVERSION FACTORS
12 in = 1 ft 27 cu. Ft. = 1 cu. Yd 1000 mg = 1 gm 60 sec = 1 min
3 ft = 1yd 7.48 gal = 1 cu. Ft. 1000 gm = 1 kg 60 min = 1 hour
5280 ft = 1 mi 8.34 lbs = 1 gal water 1000 ml = 1 liter 1440 min = 1 day
144 sq. in. = 1ft2 62.4 lbs = 1 ft3 water 2.31 ft water = 1 psi 10,000 mg/L = 1%
43,560 ft2 = 1 acre 1 grain/gal = 17.1 mg/L 0.433 psi = 1 ft water 454 gm = 1 lb
746 watts = 1hp

L = Length B = Base = 3.14 W = Width H = Height R = Radius

Q = Flow Rate A = Area V = Volume v = velocity Gr = grains

AREA
Rectangle: A = L x W Triangle: A = B x H Circle: Area = R2

VOLUME
Cylinder: V = R2H Rectangule: V = L x W x H Cone: V = 1/3R2H

VELOCITIES and FLOW RATES

1. v = distance
time

2. Q = v x A

DETENTION TIME

1. Detention Time = V
Q

PARTS PER MILLION / POUNDS

1. lbs = 8.34 lbs / gal x mg/L x MG

LOADINGS

1. Weir overflow rate = Q


length of weir

2. Surface loading, gal / day / sq.ft. = Q


surface area

3. Rise rate (ft / min) = surface loading (gal / min / ft2)


7.48 (gal / ft3)

CHEMICAL MIXING & SOLUTION STRENGTHS

1. Chemical, % = dry chemical (lbs) x 100%


[dry chemical (lbs) + water (lbs)]
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2. Dry Chemical, lbs = water (lbs)

3. Water (lbs) = dry chemical (lbs) x (100%) - dry chemical (lbs)


Chemical, %

4. Liquid Chemical (gal) = Chemical solution (%) x gal of solution


Liquid Chemical (%)

5. Scale setting, % = desired feed rate (gal / hr) x 100%


maximum feed rate (gal / hr)

6. Feeder setting, % = desired feed rate (lbs / day) x 100%


maximum feed rate (lbs / day)

7. Water added, gal. = hypo (gal) x hypo (%) - hypo (gal) x desired hypo (%)
desired hypo (%)

8. Chemical feed = Chemical conc. x vol. pumped


time pumped

9. Feed rate (lbs / day) = chemical, lbs / day


(chemical, lbs) / (lb of commercial chemical)

10. ion purity (%) = (molecular weight of ion in compound) (100%)


molecular weight of compound

11. Feed rate (lbs / day) = Q x concentration desired (mg/L x 8.34 (lbs / gal) (100%)(100%)
solution (%) x purity (%)

12. Feed rate, gal / day = feed rate, lbs / day


chemical solution, lbs / day

13. Portion of ion = (commercial chemical purity, %) (ion, %)


(100%) (100%)

FILTRATION

1. Backwash pumping rate, gal / min = (filter surface area, ft2) x (backwash rate, gal / min / ft2)

2. Backwash rinse, in / min = (backwash rate, GPM / ft2) (12 in / ft)


7.48 gal / ft3

3. Backwash % = (backwash water, gal) x (100%)


water filered, gal

4. UFRV, gal / sq.ft. = volume filtered, gal


Filter surface area, ft2

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SOFTENING & DEMINERALIZATION

1. Lime feed, mg/L = A + B + C + D x 1.15


purity of lime as a decimal

A = carbon dioxide, source water (mg/L as CO2) x (56/44)


B = bicarbonate alkalinity, source water (mg/L as CaCO3) x (56/100)
C = hydroxide alkalinity, source water (mg/L as CaCO3) x (56/100)
D = magnesium, source water (mg/L as Mg2+) x (56/24.3)

If hydrated lime is used instead of quicklime, substitute 74 for 56 in A, B, C, and D.

2. Lime demand, mg/L = (2.27 x CO2) + (Total Alkalinity) + 4.12 x Mg) x 0.56

3. Lime demand, lbs / MG = (Lime demand, mg/L) (1 MG) (4.67 lb/ MG / mg/L) (excess lime, % / 10)
Calcium oxide purity (% / 100)

4. Exchange capacity, grains = (removal capacity, gr / ft3) (media vol. ft3)

5. Water treated, gal. = exchange capacity, grains


Hardness removed, grains / gal.

6. Bypass flow, gal / day = (total flow, gal / day) (finished water hardness, grains / gal.)
Raw water hardness, grains / gal.

7. Salt, lbs = (salt required, lbs / 1,000 grains) (hardness removed, grains)

8. Brine, gal = salt needed, lbs


salt solution, lbs / gal.

9. Mineral rejection, % = 1 product water TDS, mg/L x 100%


feedwater TDS, mg/L

10. Recovery, % = product flow x 100%


feed flow

11. Non-Carbonate Hardness = Mg/L as CaCO3

Total Hardness Total Alkalinity = Non-Carbonate Hardness


Raw Non-Carbonate Hardness Finished Non-Carbonate Hardness = Non-Carbonate Hardness Removed

12. Soda Ash = (Non-Carbonate Hardness) (106 / 100)

LABORATORY

1. Temperature, F = (temperature C)(1.8) + 32

2. Dilute to mL = (Actual Weight, gm) (1,000 mL)


(Desired Weight, gm)

3. Langelier Index (L.I.) = pH pHs

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