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Sieve analysis is a technique used to determine the particle size distribution of granular materials like sand, soil, and crushed rock. A representative sample is separated based on size by shaking it through a column of sieves with progressively smaller openings, catching the material on each sieve. The mass of material retained on each sieve is measured and used to calculate the particle size distribution by percentage. This provides important information about properties like drainage, compressibility and permeability that are influenced by particle sizes and how they are graded.

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112 views

Traffic Engineering

Sieve analysis is a technique used to determine the particle size distribution of granular materials like sand, soil, and crushed rock. A representative sample is separated based on size by shaking it through a column of sieves with progressively smaller openings, catching the material on each sieve. The mass of material retained on each sieve is measured and used to calculate the particle size distribution by percentage. This provides important information about properties like drainage, compressibility and permeability that are influenced by particle sizes and how they are graded.

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RaheelAfzaal
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic: Sieve Analysis

Theory

Sieve Analysis (or graduation test) is a practice or procedure


used to assess the particle size distribution of a granular
material.

The size distribution is often of critical importance to the way


the material performs in use. A sieve analysis can be performed
on any type of non-organic or organic grander materials
including sands, crushed rock, clays, granite, feldspar, coal and
soil, a wide rang to manufactured powders, grain and seeds,
down to a minimum size depending on the exact method. Being
such a simple technique of particle sizing, it is probably the
most common.

Importance of soil particle size analysis:

Soil gradation is very important to geotechnical engineering.

It is an indicator of other engineering properties such as-


compressibility, shear strength and hydraulic conductivity.
In a design, the gradation of the in situ or on site soil often
controls the design and ground water drainage of the site.
A poorly graded soil will have better drainage than a well
graded soil because there are more void spaces in a poorly
graded soil.
When a fill material is being selected for a project such as a
highway embankment or earthen dam, the soil gradation is
considered.
A well graded soil is able to be compacted more than a
poorly graded soil.
When options for ground remediation techniques are being
selected, the soil gradation is a controlling factor.

Procedure:
1. A representative weighed sample is poured in to the top
sieve which has the largest seren opening. Each lower sieve
in the coloumn has smaller opening than the one above. At
the base is a round pan, called the receiver.
2. The coloumn is shaked by had usually for some fixed
amount of time. After the shaking is completed the material
on each sieve is weighted. Then the weight of the sample of
each sieve is divided by the total eight to give a percentage
retained on each sieve.
3. The size of the average particles on each sieve is analyzed
to get the cut point or specific size range captured on screen.
4. At last the result was displayed by plotting the percent
passing (on a linear scale) and connecting the plotted points
with a smooth curve referred to as a grain size distribution
curve.

Calculation & Result:

Mass of empty patrisdis = 46 gm

Mass of patrisdis with soil sample = 122 gm

Mass of soil sample = (122 46) gm

= 76 gm = W Total

The calculation of W sieve has been presented in the table


below:
Table : Particle size distribution (PSD) of soil sample

Sl. No. Particle size Mass of Mass of Mass of W


empty Petridis with Sieve (gm)
Patrisdis soil smaple
(gm) (gm)
7 >1.70 46 73 27
6 1.00-1.70 46 58 12
5 .50-1.00 46 64 18
4 .25-.50 46 57 11
3 .24-.50 46 51 5
2 .125-.24 46 47 1
1 <.125 46 46.5 .5
Here, W sieve = (Mass of Petridis with soil sample Mass of
empty Petridis) gm

Results & Discussion:


Table : Particle size distribution (PSD) of soil sample-
Sl. No. Particle Percentag Cumulativ Particle Log
size e (%) e % less size (Particle
Range than discrete size)
(mm) indicate variable
size (mm)
7 <.125 0.657 0.657 .125 -0.9030
6 .125-.240 1.315 1.972 .240 -0.6198
5 .240-.250 6.578 8.55 .250 -0.6020
4 .250-.500 14.473 23.023 .500 -0.3010
3 .500-1.00 23.684 46.707 1.00 -0.000
2 1.00-1.70 15.789 62.496 1.70 0.2304
1 >1.70 35.526 98.22

The results are presented in a graph of percent passing versus


the sieve size. On the graph the sieve size scale is logarithmic.
To find the percent of aggregate that is retained in each sieve
and the amount in the previous sieves, first it has to find the
percent in each sieve. To do so, the following equationis used

% Retained = x 100

Here, W sieve = The weight of aggregate in the sieve

W Total = The total weight of aggregate

Total next step is to find the cummulative percent of aggregate


pertained retained in each sieve. To do so, the total amount of
aggregate that is retained in each sieve and the amount in the
previous sieve is to add up. The cummulative percent passing
of he aggregate is found by subcontracting the percent from
100%.

% Cumulative passing = 100% Cumulative retained.

Conclusion:
From above result analysis, we can say easily that most of the
particle size of soil sample are sand. Because, we know from
the classification of soil according to their particle size that, the
range between (0.05 mm- 2 mm) particle size are called sand.
From the experiment we see that all the particle size are
considered within the range, written above. So, it is easy to say
that our soil sample was sandy soil.

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