A STUDYIN COMMEMORATIVE

THEEMPIREAGGRANDIZED:
FROMBRITAINTOHER
EXPORTED
PORTRAITSTATUARY
COLONIES
IN SOUTH ASIA, 1800TO 1939,
Entries
Volume1: Textand Catalogue

by
Mary Ann Steggles

A dissertation
submitted in fulfiUment
of the requirements f or the degree of
Doctorof Philosophyin the Departmentof the Historyof Art
LeicesterUniversity
March 1993
Long years ago we made a tryst with
destiny,and now the time comeswhen we
shall redeemour pledge,not wholly or in
full measure,but very substantially.At the
strokeof the midnighthour, when the world
sleeps,India will awaketo life and freedom.
A momentcomes,which comesbut rarely in
history, when we step out from the old to
the now, when an age ends and when the
soul of a nation long suppressedfinds
utterance. It is fitting that at this solemn
momentwe take the pledgeof dedicationto
the serviceof India and her peopleand to
the still largercauseof humanity.

Jawaharlal Nehru
Thecapitalletter Cproceedingan arabicnumeralindicatesthat this is
an entry in the cataloguebeginningon page 109.

A SingleaStOrik1*1followingthe title andlocationof a work in the

catalogueindicatesthat the statuseldstsbut hasbeenmovedfrom its
originalsite, A doubleasterik [**] indicatesthat the work hasbeen
destroyedor is currently untraced.

Illustrations are containedin volume 11. Plate numbers are indicated

in the margins of the text.
 TABLEOFCONTENTS

Page

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS i

INTRODUCTION V

Formsof CommemorationNO--- Locatingthe

Memorials (x)---Chapter DiscussionsWdi)

AS A PATRONOF
CHAPTER1. THEEASTINDIA COMPANY
I
BRITISHSCULPTORS

EastIndia House:ModestQuartersto a Templeof

FameW-The EastIndia Companyas a Patron of
British Sculptors(7)

2. COMMEMORATIVE
CHAPTER EXPORTED
MONUMENTS
TOTHECOLONIES 28

Subjectsof the Commemoration(28)--- Funding (4 1)

--- The Choiceof Sculptor (49)--- Choiceof a Site,
Final Preparationsand Unveiling (56)

3. THERESPONSE
CHAPTER TOTHEPUBLICCOMMEMORATIVE
PORTRAITSTATUES IN BRITAINAND
EXECUTED
TOTHECOLONIES
EXPORTED OFSOUTH ASIA BY
THE NEWLYINDEPENDENT
PEOPLE AND
 GOVERNMENTS 59

CommemorativeStatues:Their FunctionOutsidethe
PossibleRoleas an Aesthetic Enhancement(59)---
Myth or Reality: WasThere an Iconoclasmtowards
Statuesof the British Immediately following
Independencebeing granted? (68)

CONCLUSION 89

Number of CommemorativeStatuesExportedto
SouthAsia (89)--- Subjectsof Commemoration(90)
--- Funding (90)--- Acts of Iconoclasmduring the
British Reign,1858to 1947(93)--- Acts of Iconoclasm
Immediately Followingthe Grantingof Independence
(93)--- RegionalVariations in Response(94)---
DatesRegardingthe Re-locatingof the Statues(95)---
Current Provenance(96)--- Significanceof this Study
(102)--- Postscript00 4)

ENTRIES
CATALOGUE 109

A. STATUES
APPENDIX ARRANGED TOSCULPTOR 445
ACCORDING

A., B.
A15PENDIX STATUES
ARRANGED
ACCORDING
To LOCATION 455

C. LIST OFALL WORKS

APPENDIX ASIA
IN SOUTH
LOCATED 461

BIDLIOGRAPHT 474
 i

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I wish to expressmy deepestgratitude to the Committee

of Vice-Chancellorsand Principals of the Universities of the
United Kingdom and , the Association of Commonwealth
Universities for providing the scholarshipswhich enabled me
to read for my Ph.D. In addition I am grateful to four people
who encouraged me, after the completion of my M.A, to
continue my studies in Britain: ProfessorCharlesScott Dr. Klaus
Klostermaier,Dr. JohnGahanand Dr. Michael Molitor.
I am especiallygrateful to Dr. Alison Yarringtonwho
agreedto serve as my tutor. Her insightsand expertisehave
been enlightening. I am deeply indebted to her for the
informationon the accountsof Sir FrancisChantreywhich she
so generouslyshared with me as she prepared the artisVs
accountsfor publication,for her friendshipandfor her support.
Various institutions and trusts have provided welcome
and Indispensiblefinancial support for the field researchwhich
was so essentialto this thesis. I vAshto thank the Henry Moore
Sculpture Trust Leeds, the Ancient Indian and Iran Trust,
Cambridge,the Canadian Women's Club of London and the
Faculty of Arts at LeicesterUniversity as well as the Association
of CommonwealthUniversities and the British Council.
Manypeoplehavehelpedto makethis thesispossible.In
 ii

the United Kingdom, I wish to thank Pauline Rohatgi, Theon

Wilkinson, SueFarrington,BenedictRead,A. P. 'Peter' 0. Taylor,
Barry Harrison, Dr. Philip Ward-Jackson,ZooTalland, Dr. Rosle
Llewelyn-Jones,Fiona Pearson,Timothy Wilcox, Lord John and
Lady Nicholson,Mrs. Lesley Lewis, Major Alan Harfield, and
Michael Stokes. For their help in India and South Asia, I am
grateful to Sir NicholasBarrington, British High to
Commissioner
Pakistan,Mrs. Naomi Meadows,Tony Williams, SuzanneMobe,
Mr. S.K. and Mrs. GeetaPande,H. E. Smith, Shri 0. P. Agrawal,
Bursar, Mayo College,Dr. Munishwar Nigam,the Reverend Ian
Weatherall,the staff of the JapaneseInternational Co-operative
DevelopmentAssociation (JICA) in Singaporeand Mr. Ikuhiko
Yamashita,Tokyo.
Various institutions, government agenciesand museums
throughout I ndia and the former colonies of Britain in South
Asia offered their generous assistance. I am deeply grateful to
Mrs. Shah, the Honourary Secretary of the Asiatic Society of
Bombay and her staff., the staff of the Dr. Dhau Daji Lad
Museum, Bombay; Dr. W. H. Siddhiqui, Director of the
Archaeological Survey of -India, New Delhi, Mr. Bhaskar Ghose,
Secretary of Culture, Ministry of Human ResourceDevelopment,
Government of -India, New Delhi, Ms. Sathybahma,Rao, Curator,
Fort Museum, Madras, Rev. D. M. Bhaskaran and his family, Holy
Trinity Church, Bangalore, Verger Paul, St. Mary's in the Fort,
 iii

Madras, Mrs. Narain, curator, State Museum of Lucknow, Rev.

David Devairakkan,Madras Cathedral,Bishop Goptl of Calcutta,
Rev. Stevens,St. Paul's Cathedral,Calcutta,Sister Mercy of St
Georgethe Martyr, Pulau Pinang, President Premadesaof Sri
Lanka and his Security Division and the Canadian High
Commission to Myanma, Yangon and the various regional
representatives of The Indian National Trust for Art and
Cultural Heritage (INTAC).
To the staff at the various libraries and archives in
Britain, I am especially indebted to them for their generosity
and patience. I wish to thank the staff at the Indian Office and
Oriental Collections (IOOC) - and most especially Mrs. Pat
Katterhorn,Mr. Thomasand Ian Baxter, the staff at the Conway
Library, Courtauld Institute of Ar% the staff at the British
Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the staff of the
Public RecordsOffice (PRO)at Kew and ChanceryLane,the staff
at the Royal CommonwealthSociety Library, Mrs. Freedmanof
York City Archives, the staff of the National Museum of Wales
for kindly providing me the plates of two of GoscombejohWs
statues, the Centre for South Asian Studies, Cambridge, the
National Portrait Gallery Archives, London, the staff at the
Henry Moore Sculpture Study Centre, Leeds and the Inter-
Library LoansDeskat LeicesterUniversity.
For all their patience and generosity - and helpful
 iv

encouragement -I must thank Brenda Tracey, Secretary,

Department of the History of Art Leicester and Hazel
Williamson,Keeperof the Slide and Print Library, Department
of the History of Ar% Leicester.
In a more personal vein, I would like to thank several
people who helped keep me sane when I felt otherwise. I am
especiallyIndebted to my driver in Calcutta,Gurwal Singh,who
so persistently translated for me and worked a few 'miracles'
along the way. I am grateful to Brigadier-GeneralA. K. Sanyal,
3rd GurkaRifles,Barrackpore,for entertaining me so graciously.
To my friends B. Narain,Advocateto the SupremeCourt and his
wife Karin, New Delhi, for introducing me to Calcutta 'society)
and generally offering me every assistanceI could imagine. I
must also thank my friend Foy Nissen,Bombay,for nourishing
both my mind and body while I was in Bombay.Jor his great
insights and company,I will always be grateful.
I wish also to thank the people of India whose names
havelongsincebeenforgottenbut whosegenerositywill live on
in my memory.
LastlY, and most importantly, I wish to thank my
husband,my childrenand my parentsfor their loving support
and interest which has sustained me. Each member has
inspiredme to continuemy quest often at greatsacrifice. It is
to themthat I dedicatethis thesis.
 V

INTRODUCTION

This research is the result of an interest which evolved

from my MA. thesis, "EvangelicalPhilosophyas Manifest in late
Eighteenthand Nineteenth Century SculptureCommissionedfor
Madras, South India from Britain between 1790 and 1858"
which investigated the marble funerary monuments erected in
the Christian churches within the city of Madras.' During the
time spent conductingresearch in situ I becameaware of the
presence of a number of public commemorative statues
dedicatedto both the British monarchy and to those individuals
who had helped to establish the-British Empire on the Indian
sub-continent, Upon returning to Canada,initial investigations
'into the commissioningof these statues yielded little or no
information.
This thesis is, thus, an attempt to provide as far as
possible a complete catalogue of the public commemorative
portrait statues executedby sculptors working in Britain which
were not only exported to the Indian sub-continent but which
were also sent to Malaysia, Myanma, Singaporeand Sri Lanka
between 1800 and 1939 - the date of the first commission
being unveiled on the Indian sub-continent and the date of the

I Schoolof Graduate
Studies, Vinnipeg,Canada.
Universityof Manitoba,
1990.
 vi

last statue being received in India, respectively.2 The intention

is to reveal, for the first time in many instances,the details of
the individual sculptors' commissions for these geographical
locations remote from Britain in addition to providing
information on the patrons. This thesis will also examine the
responseaccordedthese statues, both during the time of the
British reign or immediately following the granting of
independence,In order to determine whether or not there were
any acts of iconoclasm directed towards these symbols of
colonial dominion.3
Formsof C0 HAn
In the latter part of the eighteenth century, British
colonial residents began to commissionworks of sculpture to
commemoratethose men and women whose efforts had aided

21 have, in addition, included tvo monuments vh1ch cannot be

specifically designated as being public commemorative portrait statues.
They are the Angel qLthe Regurre NcLion,(1865, Marochetti) in Kanpur
.
and the monolithic sarcophagus for Lord Charles C6rnvallis'(1735-1805)
mausoleum at Ghazipur (I M3, Flaxman). Vhilst these commissions
cannot be categorically defined as 'public, referring to that democratic
process of individuals donating funds for a memorial, or their viev
designated as originally intended to be 'public, referring to their site
being open to everyone, they are, nonetheless, important in this study
for they have become part of the 'public'domain since their unveiling.
3 For the purposes of this thesis, the term Mritish reign'shaH denote the
period beginning in 1858vhen the British Crovn assumed
administrative and political control of the Indian sub-continent from
the East India Company. The term Immediately'shall mean vithin a
period of one year of the colony being granted independent political and
administrative status. For example, in the case of the Indian sub-
continent, the date shall be 15 August 1948,the first anniversary of
India and Pakistan becoming independent states vithin the British
CommonviWth.
 vii

the advancement of British interests - mercantile, political,

religious and military - in the colonies., The commissions
included the following: funerary monuments, portrait busts,
portrait statues,ideal works, architectural sculpture, fountains,
columnsand temples.
Funerary monuments,ranging in scale from the simple
rectangular marble slab to the more elaborate memorial
incorporating numerous allegorical figures, were erected in the
ever growing number of Christian churchesin memory of those
who had died. Occasionallythese tablets served as gravestones
for someof thoserememberedwere buried within the precincts
of the church. For example, the grandiose marble wall
memorial to Jane Amelia Russell (1789-1808) In St Mary's
Church, Madras, was commissioned from John Bacon the
Younger(1777-1859) to mark the site of Russell'sburial by her
husband,4 Marble headstoneswere commissioned,sometimes
from the workshopsof eminent British sculptors but most often
from masonry firms, both in the colonies and in Britain, for
their cometeries.5 Most were simple slabs but occasionallythe

4 The memorial. completedin IBM, measures1200x 70". The design,

shoving the deceasedlying on her deathbedsurrounded by friends and
family vith an engel descendingfrom the clouds,is similar to that
contained on the SamuelVhitbrea-d Uemorial (1799,Cardington.
Bedfordshire) by John Baconthe Elder (1740-99)and that on the
Frederick Christian Svw-tz Uemorial (1806,St. Uary's Uadras) by John
Baconthe Younger.
5 Prominent firms on the Indian sub-continent vere Llevelyn and Sons
of Calcutta.John Lav and Co.and Ostheiderend Co, both of Ua4ras.
 viii

sculptor or mason was asked to encute a more substantial

monument such as the marble sarcophagusby Sir Francis
Chantrey,RA. (1781-1841) in memory of Mrs. Diana Warden
(1780-1816) erected in SomersetRoad Cemetery, Capetown,
SouthAfrica.6
Portrait busts, both in marble and in bronze, were
commissioned for public buildings as well as private
7 In addition to these commissions,numerous busts,
residences.
now housedin museums,libraries, and municipal offices, were
studies for the portrait statues erected in the cities. For
example, the Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum in Bombay has in its
collection the marble busts which formed the studies for the
statues of David Sassoon(1792-1864) (1869, Woolner), Queen 111
Victoria (1869, Noble),John, Lord Elphinstone,(1807-60) (1864,123

6Thetomb vas shipped to Capetovnvhere it vw assembledon site. In

1904the cemetery ves levelled. All of the other tombs,excepting
Varden's, vere re-erected to Maitland RoadCemetery. Varden's tomb
vw discoveredunder a pile of rubbish covered vith mud In 1907by Mr.
Hutt, Superintendent of the Capetovn CemeteryBoard. It took six months
to restore the monument Vhich vas re-erected, later in 1907,in Maitland
RoadCemetery. The monument measures48" x 48"x 24". Onone side is a
portrait medallion of the deceased.The epitaph is in both English and
Distch. The vork is signed Chantrey, ScWptor,London. The National
MuseumsBoardin Capetovnis currently considering removing the
memorial to the National Museumin Capetovn for its preservation and
exhibition. I am indebted to Mr. R. Langham-Carter of Capetovn for this
Information. Chantrey vas paid E1000for his vork. This information
has been supplied by A. Yarrington. Seealso,&fticana NOICS-end NeVSI
(December1955):338and J. Pitman, "Lecture on Monumental Art of
Graveyards."Th Ca2e 7 August 1991:13.
7 SeeapMdJZ C. _Times,
 ix

Foley), and Charles John, Ist Earl Canning (1812-62) (1873,

Brock).8
Commemorativestatues,symbolizingsocial status, power,
and colonial dominion, were erected in the parks, public
buildings, and churches.9 The variety of portrait statues follows
the stylistic range erected in Britain and elsewhere. Certain
were simple standing figures on a slab base; others 'were
erectedon more prominent pedestalsoften employing elaborate
Inscription tablets and/or accompanying allegorical figures
arrangedat the baseof the pedestal. There wre, in addition, a
large number of bronze equestrian monumentsexported to the
coloniesof Britain.
Occasionallysculptors were commissionedto MOW
allegoricalfigures to enhancethe facadesof public buildings,
suchasthe Victoria Memorialin Calcutta.
10 The sizeand style
of theseworks varied from the AuT relief panel to- elaborate
free-standingallegoricalfigures.

6 This last bust of Canning formed the study for the statuebegun by John
FoleY.R. A. (1818-74)and completedby Sir ThomasBrock, R. k. (1847-
1922)forCalculta. SeeC115,C123,C43,and C16,respectively.
9 Seechapter tvo.
1OAlfradDrUM RA. (d. 1944)ves the principal designer for the statust
erected on the Victoria Memorial. Drury exhibited the marble panels
representing Indw= (1777), QMn VIqtorj&M&nIn& the Procl-ematioll.
of I Q58 (1778) and CQMM= (1779)at the A.
R. exhibition of 1916. Bolton
and Sonsof Cheltenhamexecutedthe figure of Neptune for vhat is nov
the Police Headquartersin Bombay(nd).
 x

As independent public commissions,idealized works of

sculpture were rare. Instead, they appear as accompanying
figures for someof the portrait statueswhich were erected. For
example, Sir William Hamo Thomycrof% RA. (1850-1925)
included three bronzeallegorical groups,Maternal-Mia Famine
33
RelieL and AgdcultuM on the platform housing the statue of
GeorgeNathaniel, Ist Marquess Curzon of Kedleston (1859- 34
1925)unveiled in Calcuttain 1911.11
In addition to the above mentioned works, colonial
residents, both British and native, commissioned fountains,
obelisks, triumphal arches and even entire churches to
immortalize the memory of certain individuals or events in the
history of the British Empire.

When the British relinquished their political and

administrative control to the governments of the nevAy
independent colonies, they left their government buildings,
bungalows,army barracks and so on as well as the previously
mentioned works of sculpture in situ At that time, many of
their churcheswere full of marble wall tablets and brass plates
and their cemeteries,scattered across the colonies, contained
more than two Million British graves.12 The commemorative

SeeC25.
The British Associationof Cemeteriesin South Asia. BACSA.vas
founded in London in 1976by Theon Vilkinson. The atimof the
organization is to documentand publish information on all of the
 xi,

statuesglorifying those who had establishedthe Empire as well

as the portrait busts were left - their fate to be determined by
the responseof the citizens and governments of the recently
created states. Unfortunately, it appears that no one felt it
necessaryto compile a complete listing of these works prior to
the granting of independence. Hence, the exact number of
sculptural commissions executed for and exported to these
former coloniesof Britain has remained unclear.
At the turn of the century, the British government
the ProvincialSeries"in an attempt to build up a
commissioned
etypil". ja,.
'T VjYPtJjW,
W 'r The series
recorded the epitaphs and monumental inscriptions on both
gravestones and memorials. However, the compilers rarely
Included the inscription containedon the public commemorative

statues and all of the volumes are "far from complete and
uneven in value."14 Gazetteerscompiled by publishers, like
Murray's in London and Thatcher and Spink.in Calcutta,were
useful in locating some of the works. These publications, like
the Provincial Series were more often than not incomplete.
Publications such as The Art journal, The Builder Studio
International Buildinst-andContract New%Malzazint Of Art Or
The Illustrated LondonNewsfrom time to time commentedon

cemeteriesIn the region. In addition, they provide funds to help vith

restoration and preservation.
13T.Vilkinson, Tvo [onsoon London, 1976,M.
1411>J4.
 xii

works which were in progress or ready for shipment by a

sculptor. Occasionallythey would include a line drawing of the
monument, Localnewspaperspublished In the colonies,such as
The Madras Courier, The Bombay Gazeft The Times of India,
The CalcuttaGazette,The Times of India (Overland Summary)
-
The Pioneer Mail and India Ne3D, The Ceylon Times M
RangoonGazette and the Straits Times often reported the
activities of the local committees which were raising
subscriptions in order to erect commemorativestatues just as
local newspapersin Britain provided coverage on monuments
erected in London and the provinces. Information was thus
provided concerningthe progressof the monument in addition
to carrying announcementsof the unveiling ceremonies and
subscription Hsts. An additional source of information on
monumentscommissionedfor various locationsin the Empire is
the list of exhibitors at the Royal Academy exhibitions. The
accountledgerskept by certain sculptorswhich are extan%such
as those of Sir FrancisChantrey and John Flaxman,R.A. (1755-
1826) are particularly useful in tracing the commissions,the
patrons and clarifying the fee the artist was paid. All of these
sources are useful when compiling information about the
monumentssent to the coloniesbut again,it must be noted that
rather than being in one easy accessiblevolume, Or Volumes,
this information is stored in numerous archives scattered in
 xill

various geographicallocations and the information, when

located,is oftenfragmentary.
In 1950, Rupert Gunnis,author of The Dictionary of
British Sculptors1660-18510DU recognizedthe importanceto
British sculpturestudiesthat a full listing of the works sent to
the coloniesby sculptorsworking in Britain would provide.15
Hobegan,at that time, to correspondwith the rectorsof various
colonial congregationsand government authorities in an
attempt to establishwherememorialsby British sculptorshad
beensent. Gunniswas able to includein the DU a listing of a
numberof the workssentto the coloniesbut, his listing was not
complete. In 1970, Gunnis decided to travel to India to
continuehis researchon the monumentsbut, he died suddenly
on the eveof his departure,16
Gunnis' interest was complementedby that of his
Dr. MargaretWhinney. Variousletters and notesin
colleague,
her archivesheld at the Victoria and Albert Museumin London
indicate that she was also interested in works of sculpture

15MM first publishedin

h SoWptors1660-1851,
Londonin 1951revisededition 1963.
161am Indebted to Mrs. Lesley Levis for bringing this to my attention In
correspondenceduring 1991. It should be noted that at least tvo other
people,Timothy Vilcox, currently curator at HoveMuseumand Art
Gedlery,and Pauline Rohatgi, former Keeper of Prints and Dravings at
the India Office and Oriental Collectionsand nov a vriter on topography,
had aspirations for compiling acatelogue of the vorks of sculpture sent
to India. Both, for various reasons,gave up their -quest.I am indebted to
Pauline Rohatgi for our many conversations and for the material vhich
she sogenerously shared vith me.
 xiv

which were exported from Britain, specifically those statues

executed between 1800 and 1850. Someof the information

which she collectedwas included in various of her publications

such as The Collectionof Models at University Collegebi John
Fla=ari 17 English SculRture 1720-183 18and Sculpture in
Britain 1530-183019 Before her death, she was preparing a
catalogueof the Works of Sir Francis Chantrey Which forms the
basisof the forthcoming WalRgleSocietyvolume, "The Ledgerof
Sir F. Chantrey, R.A." edited by Alison Yarrington, Malcolm
Baker,Alex Potts and Irene Lieberman.,
There has been, in the last two decades,a surge of
interest in British sculpture, both in Europe and in North
America. Recent exhibitions, published exhibition catalogues,
books,thesesand journal articles attest to the fact that British

sculpture is becomingrecognized,not solely in comparisonto its

continentalcounterparts bu% its

on own merits. While the focus

of this now interest has been broadly based, little published

attention has been paid to the large number of monuments
commissioned from sculptorsworking in Britain for the colonies.
PaulineRohatgiwrote a tvm page article published in the India
Office Library and RecordsNewsletter in March, 1983,entitled,

17
London,1%7.
IOEnglishScuiRture1720-1030,
London,1971.
LondonandNev York, secondedition,
McilRture in Britain 1530-1830,
1988,
 xv

*20 Following Rohatgi's theme,

"India and British SCUlptUre.
Mildred Archer, in 1984, published, "Neo-Classical Sculpture in
India. "21 Earlier in the century, Frank Cundall, Librarian for the
JamaicanNational Assembly, reported on the works of sculpture

sent from Britain to the island in "Sculpture in jamaica."22 His

article was followed by another by Lesley Lewis in the 1960s,
also on works of sculpture sent to Jamaica.23 More recently,
Barbara Groseclose, Professor of Art History at Ohio State
University, Columbus, Ohio wrote an article focusing on the
image of natives contained in monuments, both in India and
Britain, "Imag(in)ing Indians. "24 A small number of published

articles on the individual artists, such as Edward Croft.-Murray's,

*An Account Book of John Flamnan, RA. "25 or eithibition

catalogues such as Goscombe john at the National Museum of

tureV and
WaleS26Charles Sargent jaggers War and Peace SCUIR
..

20 India Office Litt= end RecordsNewletter (March 6-7.

1983):
21ARollo 120(July 1984):50-55.
22ArtJournal (March 19M 2-16.
23"Commemorative SeWpturein Jamaica. Art
" CommemorettiVe
(November 1965): 317-25.
24 Art History- 13. no. 4 (December 1990): 486-515- For a discussion of hov
the British perceived the natives of the colonies vhich they rulled,
inclu4ing India. see L. Bell, "Arts end Empire: Victorian Representations
of Subject People. " Art Historv 5, no. I (March 1982): 72-87.
25VO12910 SOCietY 28 (M-40).
26GOSCoMbeJohn at the National Museum of Vale F. Pearson (ed. ),
exhibition catalogue, Cardiff, 1979.
27Charles S@Lrgeni Var and Peace SgARtura A. Compton (ad. ),
-logg":
exhibition catalogue, London, 1985.
 xvi

lohn Flaxn,an, R.AA have included some information on

monuments sent by artists to the colonies. For example, the

catalogue published In conjunction with John's exhibition at the
National Museum of Wales includes photographs of two of his

statues exported to the India sub-continent, the statue to

Gilbert John Elliot Murray -Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto
(1845-1914) completed in 19 1429and the statue of Maharaja
Sir Digbijai Singh of Belrampur (nd) completed for Lucknow in
1907.30 Fiona Pearson cited the locations where the statues

were to be erected in addition to listing the dates and places

whore the works were exhibited. The exhibition catalogue of
Charles Sargent Jagger's work (1885-1934) compiled by A.
Compton includes a photograph of the sculptor working on the

model for the statue of Rufus Isaacs, Ist Lord Reading (1860-
1935) which was completed in 192731 and mentions the

COMMISSiOnfor the statue of Charles Hardinge, Ist Baron

Hardinge of Ponshurst (1858-1944) completed in 1928.32
However, any detailed discussion of these memorials plus
Jagger's other works, such as the statue for King George V

commissioned for Now Delhi, completed in 1934, has been

20,jghnFluman.R.A. D.Irvin (ed.), exhibitioncatalogue,

London,1979.
29seeCBS.
30 SeeC117, The photograph of the Vatue for the Earl of Minto Is on
page72; the photograph of the statueof Sir Digbij adSingh is on page 71.
31SeeC108.The photogreLphIs on page 49.
32Seapeces48 and 103. SaoalsoC63.
 xvii

omitted.33 Recently published theses, such as Mark Stocker's

BoehM34have included information, often detailed, on some of

the portrait statues executed for the former colonies such as the

statue of John Laird Mair, Ist Baron Lawrence (1811-79)

completed in 1882 which J. E. Boehm (1834-90) presented to
the city of Lahore,35 the statue of Queen Victoria for Madras

completed in 1887 for Chapeauk Park3b and the statue of King 127
Edward VII as the Prince of Wales for Bombay (1878). 37 Ono
36-39
unpublished Ph. D. thesis by Elizabeth Darby, *Statues of Queen

Victoria and Prince Albert. A Study in Commemorative and

Portrait Statuary, 1837-1924", catalogues memorials erected to

Queen Victoria and Prince Albert between the years 1837 and

1924-36 Publications such as M. H. Spielman's, British SculRture

and Sculptors of oday, 39 C. F. Bell's, The Annals of Thomas

Bank%40 Lionel Tweed's John Tweed, SculRtor: A Memoir 41

Susan Beattie's, The Now Sculpture, 42 Benedict Read's, Victorian

33SeeC55.
34Royllist and Reali to The Life and Vork of Sir JosephEdger Boehm.
Nev York and London, 1988.
35SeeC78.
36SeeC125.
37SOOC35.
38"Statues of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert: A Study in
Commemorative and Portrait Statuary, 1837-1924." Ph. D. thesis, CourtaWd
Institute of Art University of London, 1986.
39British ScWpture anjStWpjffjff jQft London, 1901.
40The Annals of Thom Banks Cambridge, IM.
41bhn Tyeed. ScuI2 :A mm;aoir. London, 1956.
42The Nev Sculpture, Nev Haven and London, 1985.
 xviii

SculDturo3 and David Irwin's-,. lohn Flamnan, 1755-1826:

ScuIRtor, Illustrator, Designer44 have, as well, included
information on the statues. Unfortunately, much of what Is
contained Is quite limited In scope. For example, Irwin's
monograph,the most recent to be published on Flaxman, is
disappointing in its discussionof the portrait statues which the
sculptor executed for the colonies in South Asia. Irwin has
simply re-iterated the information contained in the Walpole
Socift publication on the ledgers of Fla=an regarding the
statue of Raja Serfoji for the Audience Chamberof his palaceat
Thanjavur (1806).45 Susan Beattie, has, however, included
detailed information on the commissionsof two of the statues
which were erected In Calcutta,the statue of Lord Curzon by
Thornycroft completedin 1911 and the statue of QueenVictoria

completed in 1901 by GeorgeFrampton, R.A. (1860-1928),46

There are currently a number of publications or theses in
progress which propose to contain some information on the
statuesexported to the former colonies. For example,SamuelS.
Dunkerley is writing a now edition of the life of Chantrey,Sic
FrancisChantreyJRA.: From Norton to Knight to be published in
1992; Dr. Robert Fountain is completing research on a volume

43Victorian Sculpture Nev HavenendLondon,1983.

44Ighn Flumen. 17TS- 1826- SciAMm Illustratm2aig= Nev HeVen
"
andLondon,1982.
45SOeC116.
46SeeC25andC132,respectively.
 xix

focusingon equestrian monumentsincluding those exported to

SouthAsia, and JoanCostu,a researchstudent at the University
of London,is writing a thesis on the monumentssent to Canada
and the Caribbean from Britain. In addition, a number of
authors writing on the architecture of the Raj have mentioned
some of the statues in their works. Examplesinclude Philip
Davies' Splendoursof the Raj: British Architecture in India
1660-194747and his more recent book, The Penguin Guide to
the Monuments of India. vol. 11: Islamic. RaiRut. 48
-EuroMn
Jan Morris' StonesOf EmRire: The Buildings of Raj49and
-the -.
ThomasMetcalfe'sAn ImRfffal Vision: Indian Architecture and
Britain's R4.50 These volumes, and most especially the two
editions by Davies,contain a considerableamount of inaccurate
information relating to the attribution of works and locationsas

well as historical inaccuracies.For example,Daviesstated in his

discussion of Thomas Banks, RA. (1735-1805) Statue of
Governor-GeneralCharles Cornwallis (1800, Madras) that the 25
work commemoratedCharlesCornwallis' (1735-1805) defeat of
1799over Tipu Sultan (1750-99), the ruler of Mysore.51 Whilst

47
Harmondsvorth,1987.
OThe PengWn Guideto the Mon=ents of India vol. 11: lslami-C-RWpul.
EuroRean London, 1989. -
49Stonesof Em2lre.- The Bij1dings of the RW oxford, 1986.
5OAnImoeriellision: Indian Architecture and Britain's M. Los
Angeles and Berkeley, 1989.
5 1Davies,1987.39-40.SeeC19.
 xx

the statue did commemorateCornwallis'defeat of Tipu Sultan,it

was the victory of 1792 that was referred to and not that of
1799in which Arthur Wellesley, Ist Duke of Wellington (1769-
1852) was to kill the ruler of Mysore. The location of the
monument is also wrongly ascribed. For example, in 1987,
Davies states that the statue is located in the Connemora
Library. The monument was, in fact removed from the
ConnemoraLibrary to the Fort Museum in 1948 where it is
currently on display. Davies has made other errors. For
examPle.in 110 PenguinGuideto the Monumentsof India. vol.
11: Islamic, RaIput. EuroR!
an, he attributes the memorial to
Stephen Babington (1790-1822) in St, Thomas Cathedral..
executedby ThomasGaffin(fi 1805-65)to Chantrey.Thestatue
of Babington(1827)by Chantreyis, in fact, in the collectionof 16,17
the AsiaticSociety,OldTownHall,BoMbay. 52
Certain exhibition cataloguespublished on the sub-
continenthave proved useful in locatingworks. The Victoria
Memorialin Calcuttahas,on occasion,
printed a cataloguewhich
lists the busts and portrait statues in their collection.
53
Unfortunately,it is not always available at the Museum's
receptionareaas stocksare not immediatelyreplenishedwhen
sold.54 In 1908,the Indian Museumon ChowringheeRoad.,

52seeC5.
53Thenameof the compiler/editor is not listedin the 1978edition.
4Thelatestprinted copy I havebeenableto locateis dated1978.
 xxi

Calcutta,published a catalogueon the busts and statues which

were on exhibit in their galleries which were awaiting re-

locationto the Victoria Memorial.55
Two of the churches on the sub-continent, St. Mary's in
the For%Madras and St Thomas Cathedral in Bombay, have
published guide bookswhich mention certain of the statues and
funerary monumentscontainedin their buildings. On occasion,
the authors have been able to include information beyond the
inscription. Unfortunately the large number of Anglican
churcheshave no such information available and in certain
Instances,such as that at Christ Church,Bombay,the funerary
monuments are threatened as the walls of the building are
disintegrating.
Certain contemporary authors have, in addition to
providinghistoriesof the cities about which they are writing,
includedsomeparticular anecdoteor informationon a few of
the statueslocatedwithin the perimetersof the publication.For
example,S. Muthiah, a writer on the history of Madras,has
recentlypublishedthreebookson the city,,'MadrasDiscovered
56
Talesof Oldand NowMadrw457and
TI& -I --- adras50Each

nov being exhibited in the Indian Muse=, Cokutte. 1908.

56Madru Discovered Madras,Madres.1987.
57Telesof Oldand Nev Madras Madras,1989.
5OTheGlory of Madras,Madras,1989.
 xxii

contains some information pertaining to the commemorative

statueslocatedin the city.
ChaRterDiscussions
Becauseof the %vrd limit imposedon this thesis, the
chapter discussionswill focus,for the most par%on those works
of commemorative portrait statuary which were executed by
sculptors working in Britain and exported to the Indian sub-
continent Malaysia, Myanma, Singaporeand Sri Lanka. The
choiceof period covered by this thesis has been determined by
the date when the first work of public commemorativestatuary
arrived on the Indian sub-continen%the year being 1800. The
study terminates in 1939, the year the last work of sculpture
was unveiled in SouthAsia. The various funerary monuments,
portrait busts,works of architectural sculpture,and gravestones
which have thus far identified as being exported to SouthAsia
are listed in appendix C. Theseworks have not been included in
the catalogue entries or the text discussions due to the
limitations placedon word-length in this thesis.
ChapterOne discusses,in chronologicalorder, the works
of sculpture commissionedby the East India Companybetween
1728,the date of their first commissionand -1853,the date of
their last Commission.The chapter briefly considerswhether or
not these commissionsby the East India Company,the do facto
government of the former colonies, were influential on the
 xxiii

decisionby residents In the coloniesto begin erecting statues to

their heroes. Since the primary concern of this study is the
statues erected in the colonies and their provenance, this
discussionand that of the particular commissionsis limited in
its scope.
ChapterTwo examinesthe ways in which both British
and native residentsof the coloniescommissioned
monuments
from British sculptors. The discussionwill includean analysis
of the subjectschosenfor suchcommemoration
and their status
asexpressedby the costsand form of the work.
Chapter Three investigatesthe responseaccordedto
thesecommemorativestatuesby the newly independentpeople
and governmentsof Britain's former colonies,India, Myanma,
Pakistan,Singaporeand Sri Lanka. Particular attention has
been paid to the provenanceof the statues in order to
determinewhether or not there were any acts of iconoclasm
directedtowardsthese symbolsof British imperialismduring
the first year of each of the former coloniesbeing granted
independence.
The conclusionwill discussand analyze the findings
containedin the catalogue.The analysiscomparesthe subjects
of the commemorationin order to determine how many
monuments were erectedto British individuals and the British
monarchyas opposedto native citizens. It is intendedthat a
 xxiv

careful examination of the patrons will reveal how many

statues were funded entirely by individual citizens, either
British or native, how many were erected through public
subscriptions and from which segment of society, native or
British, these funds were raised. Statistics regarding the
current status of the commemorativestatues will be compared
with the overall number of wvrks commissionedfor the colonies
in order to determine exactly what proportion were destroyed,
removed to other sites or remain in situ This information Mll
be further examined to determine if there was any particular
regional responseby the now nationals,either in a negative or
positive way, to the statuescommemoratingtheir former British
rulers.
The main body of this dissertation is, as previously
stated,the cataloguewhich follows the conclusion. This lists all
of the works of commemorativeportrait statuary that I have
locatedas being exported to the Indian sub-continent,Malaysia,
Myanma, Singaporeand Sri Lanka between 1800 and 1939.
The catalogueis arranged in alphabeticalorder by the surname
of the sitter. Where more than one statue has been erected to
one individual, such as those of the monarchy,the works are in
chronologicalorder according to the date that the work was
completed by the sculptor. Where more than one statue has
been erected to one individual in the same year,,the catalogue
 xxv

entries are further arranged alphabetically according to the

surname of the artist Specific information on each statue
includes the following (where available): the material and
dimensions,the inscription, a brief description of the work, a
brief biography of the sitter, relevant facts relating to the
commission,an indication of whether the statue was exhibited,
the provenance, any known versions and any literature
pertaining to the commission.For additional information on the
commissioningof the works, readers are asked to consult the
bibliography entries, arranged in chronologicalorder, included
at the end of eachcataloguelisting.
All measurements were taken by the author unless
otherwise indicated and given in inches, height first, All
inscriptions were recorded by the author in 1991 and 1992,
unless otherwise indicated. In order to avoid confusion and
retain consistency,the use of the upper casehas been followed
in the transcription. Inscriptions taken from secondarysources
do not necessarilyinclude brackets betweenthe lines but retain
the style usedby the original source.
The statuesare cross-referenced alphabetically according
to the Surnameof the sculptor in appendix A. They are cross-
referenced as to original location in appendix B. Appendix C
lists all of the works of sculpture, accordingto the Surnameof
the sitter, that I have located, thus far, as being sent to the
 xxvi

and Sri
Indian sub-continent,Malaysia,Myanma,Singapore
Lanka.

In the text
of themonuments
Thespellingof thelocations
will be that in For
currentusage. example BurmaIs listedas
Myanma,CawnporeasKanpur,Penang asPulauPinang.
of BritishSculptors
I haveusedRupertGunnis,Dictionary
1660-185159 The Royal Academy of Artso A COMRIete
Dictionary of Contributors and their work from its foundation in
1769to 1904edited by Algernon Graves6Oas well as the Royal
Acade "Ors 1905-70: A Dictionary of artists and their
work in the SummerExhibitionsof the Royal Academyof Arts
as sourcematerial for my initial listings. Becausethese works
have been consistently used to locate works, they have
been omitted from the bibliographies at the end of each
cataloguelisting. Much of the information. pertaining to the
statuesof QueenVictoria provided in E. Darby's thesis has been
omitted to avoid duplication. Pagereferencesto her thesis are,
however,given in the catalogueentries where applicable.
In addition, source material which might have been
available from the Royal Archives at Windsor and which might

Mondon, 1953,revised1964.
60Th aP nval I t%AAiktnv nt A Pto

their vork from its-foun4ation in 1769to A.

1904, Graves ),
(ed. London,
1905.
61RoyidAmdemyExhibitors1905-70:A Dictionaryof artistsandtheir
vork InAhe Summer
Exhibitionsof the RovalAcademY of Arts
Vokefield,1981.
 xxvi i

have had information relevant to this study is omitted due to

the fact that the regulationsof the RoyalArchives do not permit
students registered for a degree to consult their manuscript
material.
 1

CHAPTER
ONE
AS A PATRONOFBRITISH
THEEASTINDIA COMPANY
SCULPTORS

7he Governor and Company of Merchants of London

trading into the EastIndies, commonlyknown as the East India
Company (EIC), received their royal charter for exclusive
trading rights in the East from Queen Elizabeth I on 31
December1600.1 Historians generally acknowledgethat these
merchantsinitially soughtonly peacefultrade and great profits.
7be EICfirst attempted to establish a warehouse,or factory, at
Surat, north of Bombay,in 1608, at a time when the MughUl
emperor, jahangir (1569-1627) controlled the area.2 The

I TheEastIndia Companyvas alvays a joint stockcompany.Initially, in

1600,there vere 219members.By the middleof the seventeenth
century, the numberof shareholdershadIncreasedto morethen 15W;
by the endof the eighteenthcentury this numberhadincreasedto more
than 3M. SeeTheRW. India andthe British 160049 C.A. Bayly (ad.),
London,1990,63.A rival trading companyobtaineda charter in 1698.
In 1709,this companyalongvith the 'GovernorandCompanyof
Merchantsof Londontrading into the EastIndies'mergedto form the
UnitedEastIndia Company.Fora goodaccountof the British In India see
R.C.Majumdar,H.C.RaychaudhuriandK. Datta,An AdvancedHistga of
Inft Fourthedition,Madras,1986,6Z3-981. Sft alsoP.Spw. A History
of India.vol. 11Harmondsvorth,1%5;F.G.Hutchins,TheIllusion pj
Permanence:British Impgrielism,in India.Princeton.1967,P.J.
Marshall,Problemsof Zm2ire: Britain and India 1757-1813,London,
1968;J.Kumar.Com2myIndia: A Comprehensive Historvof India 1757-
IM Delhi, 1980,TheCambridge Engnt
BwWadeshandSri Lank X. Robinson(ad.), Cambridge.1989.
2Majumdar,at.al. 629.
 2

Company's requestwasgrantedin 1613.3To further complicate

mattersfor the EIC,the Portuguese,
havingreachedthe Indian
sub-continentin 1498,establisheda colony south of Bombay,
along the Malabar coast at Goa,in 1510. Other Europeans
followed- the Dutchset up their UnitedEastIndia Companyin
1602,the Danesin 1616,the Frenchfollowedin 1664with the
Flemishand Swedishcomingto the sub-continentin 1722and
1731, respectively. Wars in Europe invariably had
upon the coloniesresultingin military conflicts.
repercussions
It was soon apparent to the EIC that military power and
political alliances would be necessaryif they wished any
in the last
expansionor security to their trade. Consequently
half of the seventeenthcentury,the policiesandattitudesof the
Companychangedfrom that of a peacefultrading firm to a
groupof menmorethan eagerto establishtheir own positionof
powerthroughthe expansionof the Company's
territory.4 This
new attitude was voiced by Gerauld Aungier (d. 1677),
Governorof Bombay,when he wrote to Sir JoshuaChild(1630-
99),a directorof the EIC,stating the needto "establishsucha
politie of civil andmilitary power,and createand securesucha
largerevenueto secureboth as may be the foundationof a
...
large,well grounded,secureEnglishdominionin India for all

3ibid.
41bid.630.
 3

time to come.05 By the time the Mughul empire began to

disintegrate in 1707, following the death of the emperor
Aurangzbe(1658-1707),the British were in a power struggle
with the Frenchand native leaders for control of the sub-
continent,TheBattleof Plasseyin 1757securedfor the EICthe
right to collectall revenuesresulting from their trade in the
rich province of Bengal. Victories at Calcutta and
Chandernagore in the sameyear securedthe Company's position
in the northeasternpart of the sub-continent Thedefeatof the
ruler of Mysore,Tipu Sultanand his Frenchallies by Governor-
General,RichardColley,Ist MarquessWellesley(1760-1842)in
1799endedany further threatsto the Companyby the French.
The EICcontinuedits aggressiverole of expansioneither by
defeatingits native foes or bringing them into political and
administrativealliances.GeoffreyMoorhouse, writer on Indian
affairs, has stated that by 1825,the EIC was "the twentieth
century equivalentof the largest multinationalcorporationin
the world.N6The powerof the Companyrestednot in its trade,
however,but the fact that by the beginningof the nineteenth
century,the EICwasthe dt_fmtQgovernmentof the Indian sub-

5Ibid,631.
6information Moorhouse,
in alettertotheauthor,fromGeoffrey Gayle,
12February
Yorkshire. 1990.
 4

continen%fondly remembered as 'The Jewel in the Crown'.7

Following the Nationalist Uprising or Mutiny of 1857-58, the
Company'sadministration of the sub-continent was reluctantly
but formally turned over to the British Crown on I November
1858 and QueenVictoria was proclaimed Empressof India in
1877. The affairs of the sub-continent continued to be
administered from London until independencewas granted at
midnight on 14-15 August 1947.8
EastIndia House-.ModestQuartersto a Templeof Fame
In 1600,after receiving permission to trade in the East the EIC
leasedmodestaccommodationin part of the mansion owned by
its Governor,Sir ThomasSmyth,on FenchurchStreet9 In 1621,
the Directorsfound they neededslightly more spacein order to
run their businessand moved their offices to Crosby Housein
Bishopsgateowned by the Earl of Northumberland.10 When the
leaseon CrosbyHousecamedue in 1638,the Directorsfelt that
the financial demands of the Earl of Northumberland were
somewhatexorbitant and proceededto leaseinstead part of the
premises of the Company's new Governor, Sir Christopher

7 ror an indepth discussion of the political pover that the Directors of

the EIC held in London, sea C. H. Philips, i>anv 1784-
MA Manchester, 1%0.
o ror an interesting account of the decline of the British presence in
India. see T. Royle. The Last DW of the RC London. 1989.
9 M. Archer, The India OM! ce Collection of Painti gj and Sculoure
London, 19%, 1.
101bid.
 5

Clitherow, in Leadenhall Street II After Clitherow's death in

1641,the Directorswere allowed to remain on the premises by
Clintherow's widow.12 By 1647, the Directors required more
room for Companyclerks and warehousesleasing the adjacent
property which belonged to Lord Craven.13 In 1710, the
Company purchased the Craven property which was, at the
time, a modestwood and plaster building.14 As their trade and
political position improved, the Directors anxious to project a
successfulimage to the British public as well as any potential
investor beganto enlarge and reconstruct CravenHouse.15 The
building was extendedto the rear with several stories added in
order to accommodatean ever increasing number of clerks.16
In addition, a garden and courtyards for receptions were
developed.17 At the same time, the Directors decided to re-
decoratetheir private office in an opulent manner -a physical
manifestation of their increasing wealth and influence. They
enlarged the original door-frames and replaced the plain doors
with massive carved mahogany ones, in addition to installing

II Ibid.
12Ibid.
13Ibid.
24Ibid.
15Ibid. A pen and ink draving by G. Vertue dated 1711.The Old East India
Home. Leadenhall Street London, in the collection of the IOOC,VD1341,
shovs the front of the premises.
16Ibid. Theodore JaLcobsenves the architect of the re-budding. A
vatercolour in the collection of the IoOC,VD2j6o, by Thomas Melton
shovs the renovations before the re-building of the 1790S.
17Ibid.
 6

several gilded mirrors and chandeliers.16To completethe room,

the Directorsordered two grandiose carved armchairs covered
in red velvet embroidered in gold and silver thread with the
coat of arms of the Companyfor the Director and the Secretary
to use when presiding over the GeneralCourt.19 During these
renovations, the Directors also had specially designed wall
niches created in both their GeneralCourt Roomand their Sale
Roomin which they eventually planned to place free standing
20 In 1796,
portrait statueshonouring some of their eMployeeS.
the Companyagain decided to enlarge East India House. This
time they purchasedmore land on both sides of their current
building.21 Richard Jupp, the Company'ssurveyor began the
project which was continued following his death in 1799 by
Henry Holland.22 Oneof the significant exterior features of the
now building was the addition of a porch and pediment with
decorated tympanum. These latest additions, the porch and
pediment with decoratedtympanum as well as the inner rooms
with their Wall niches now containing three statues of their

IOIbid.
19V.roster,A-Descriptiye Cate! Qginof thePaintinn Stanes.ft in the
IndiaOfficeLondon,1924,134. In IM vhen theEICrelinquished
controlof thesub-continent, thecheir became thepropertyof the
Secretaryof Statefor India. It is nov on displayin theMainReading
Roomof the IOOC,BlackfriarsRoad, London.Fora complete discussionof
thefurnishingstheDirectorsorderedtodecorate their offices,seaJ.
Hardy,IndiaOfficeFurniture,London,1982.
20Archer,1966,2.
21Ibid.
22Ibid.
 7

heroeswere quite simply a Temple of Fame. The Company

remainedin this buildinguntil its responsibilitieswere replaced
by the Crownand an Officeof the Secretaryof Statefor India
wascreatedin 1858.
TheEastIndia Com,
Ranyasa Patronof British SculRt0rs
In 1728, the Directors ordered their first %vrk of
decorative sculpture, a marble mantelpiece by Michael 2
Rysbrack (1694-1770). In line with their desire to project a
prosperous image, the Directors asked Rysbrack to execute a
central panel showing Britannia receiving the riches of Asia,
India and Africa.23 The finished work showsBritannia holding a
trident and wearing a naval crown, sitting on a globeby the sea,
looking to the East The compositionalludes to the Company's
dominion over the seas and their recent victories over the
Portuguesefleet near the Indian coast and at ports in the Red
Sea.Three female allegorical figures representing India, Africa,
and Asia stand before Britannia offering gifts. A river god,
personifying the Thames,looks on whilst t%v putti empty the
contentsof a cornucopia- an obvious allusion to the Company's
wealth createdfrom the trade with the Eastand Africa.

23RVsbr&ck receivedthe commissionon 21November1728(MinutesOf

the Courtof Directors,27November1728).Hovever,the CompanyVas
somevhatdissatisfiedvith Rysbrack'sinitial designsandsoughtOVA
additionaldravings for the mantelpiecefrom Arthur Pond,VhO81SO
disappointedthe Directorsvith his ideas.Rysbrackretainedthe
commissionvhich vas completedon 22April 1730.Hevas paidE100for
his vork.
 On 24 September1760,the Courtof Directorsof the EIC
met andvoted four monumentsto commemorate certainevents
and the men who were seen to have proWted and enlarged
their trading interestsbetweenthe years 1756and 1760. One
sucheventwas the Battleof in
Plassey which Lord
Robert, Clive,
Baron of Plasseyand Knight of the Bath (1725-74) planned to
overthrow the Nawabof Bengal, (r.
Siraj-ul-Daulah 1756-57),
I
who wasbelievedW be conspiring oAththe 24
French.
Clive's conspirators in the affair were none other than two of
Siaj's generals, Mir lafar (r. 1757-60,1763-65) and Rai
Durlabh (nd) in addition to jagat Seth (nd), a rich Bengali
banker. Clive drew up an agreement with the trio which
stipulated that the Companywould be allowed,,if the coup was
11successful,
to collectall revenueswithin the provinceof Bengal.
In addition, certain members of the Company'sforces in Bengal
were to be given huge personal rewards for their 25
assistance.
The Nawab was defeated with Mir jafar being installed in his
place. The victory at Plassey has traditionally been cited by
historians as the beginningof the British empire in India. Clive
had previously been involved in ousting French forces from the

24SeeMajumdar at. al., 646-658.

25ClivereceivedE211,500 plus an estatevorth e3o,000annually,the
SelectCommittee of the BengalCouncilf.187,000andthe army a further
E275,000. Fordetailsof the amountsothersreceivedseeG.Moorhouse,
India Britannic London,1983,39.Therevenuesaccruingfrom Plessey
for the Companyvere approximatelyE150,000 per year (R.J.Minney,
Cliveof India.St.Alban's,1934,87).
 9

south of India at Trichinopoly in 1752 with Major-General

Stringer Lawrence (1697-1775). 16 Lawrence was also

successful in defending Madras in 1758-59 against the French.

The battles between the French and the East India C(nnpany
troops continued until the French were defeated along the
Coromandel coast, at Wandiwash, by General Sir Eyre Coote
(1726-83) on 22 January 1760.27 Coote routed all hopes of a
French recovery and in the course of three months had secured
the entire area of the Carnatic, except. for Jinji and
Pondicherry. 26 By 1761, even Jinji and Pondicherry had

surrendered to Coote but were returned to the French by the

Treaty of Paris signed in 1763,29 The EIC's naval forces proved
just as adapt at defending the Company's interest against the
French and native rulers as the land forces were. 30 On 2
January 1757, Admiral Charles Watson (1714-57), arriving
from Madras with a relief force, aided Clive in attacking and

regaining Calcutta from Siraj-ud-Daulah.31 Clive and Watson

launched another attack, this time on the French forces

stationed at Chandernagore, capturing their fort, Sir George

Pocock, Knight of the Bath and Admiral of the Blue (1706-92)

26S@eMaJumderet.
ol, 650-661.
27Ibid.
201bid.
29 Ibid.
30Ibid.,652-53.
31Ibid.
succeeded Watson when he died in 1757. Pocock is credited
with defeatingthe remainingFrench naval forcesin September
mastersof the sea."32
1760makingthe EICthe Nundisputed
In celebration of these illustrious victories, the Court of
Directorsof the EICin Londonasked Peter Scheemakers( 1691-
1781) to execute statues of Clive, Pocock and Lawrence.33
Scheemakerswas paid E605.10for the three works which were
completedfour years later, on 25 July 1764,and placed in the

32Ibid., 660. This supremacy of the so&ves alluded to in kysbrack's

mantelpiece for the Directors Roomas discussedearlier.
33 Minutes of the General Court,24 September1760;31 March 1764,,12
July 1764;27 August 1764;Accounts ledgers 1.121,229shov that
Scheemakersves paid in three instalments: U00 on 31 March 1764;E200
on 12July 1764and f.205,10on 27 August 1764.The ZICalsocommissioned
a silver medelcommemorating Clive's victory from John Van Noostthe
Younger (1712-00)in 1766(NPG,London). In addition, they asked
Edvard Penny (1714-91) on 3 February 1773to paint a picture shoving
Clive receiving from the Navab of Bengal the grant of money vhieh
establishedthe charity knovn w 'Lord Clive's Fund'in aid of disabled
soldiers and vidovs 000C,London). Penny ves initially paid E150but in
a letter from Penny vhich ves read at the Court of Directors meeting on
25 March 1773,the Court addeda further sum of E60making the total
paid to Penny E210 (Foster,1924,32-3;M. Archer, India and British.
Portraiture 1770-1825London, 1979,415-17. - Archer, 1986,59, C.A. Bayly
(e4,), 101-02).Francis Hayman (1708-76)painted Lord Clive receiving
from the Mogul theGrentof the Duanney (collection of the Earl of
Plymouth). John Tvead (1869-1933)executeda bronze statueof Clive for
London (1912,St. James'Park) vith a marble copy being sent to Calcutta
the folloving year U 913,Victoria Memorial. SeeC17.). ThesetVOstatues
and a portrait medallion vere paid for by funds raised by Lord Curzon in
1909.The three statuesby Scheemakersare currently housedin the
foreign and CommonvealthOffice. London. The one of Pocockvas
unfortunately velled In by vorkmen during renovations In the Foreign
Office. I am indebted to Mrs. Katterhorn for bringing this last
information to my attention. There is currently somediscussionabout
removing all of the statuescommissionedby the EIC.including the tvo
available vorks by Scheemakers, to the nev British Library vhan it Is
eomplated.
 11

wall niches vAthin the General Court Room of the East India
Houseon LeadenhallStreet London.34
At the same meeting the Directors voted to have a statue

in memory of Adrairmi charlea Watson erected in Westminster

Abbey. Watson had died of a virulent fever during the
monsoon twv months after his part in the recapture of Calcutta
in 1757. Ingrid Roscoehas argued that Scheemakers was the
logical choice as sculptor for the project as he had already

successfully completed the memorial, also in Westminster

Abbey, for Watson's uncle, Admiral Charles Wager, in 1743 at
the time of the commission.35 In this statue for Watson,
Scheemakers collaborated with the architect James Stuart
(1713-88). 36 Stuart and Scheemakerswere to be paid E1000,37

with Stuart entering into a formal contract Mth Schesmakerson

26 November 1760 and agreeing to undertake all negotiations

vAth the directors of the EIC.36 In a letter to the Court of

34Third Report of the Committeeof Secrecy, 1773and Minutes of the

General Court,27 August 1764.
35SeeI. Roscoe."JmesAthenion'Stuart and the ScheemakersFamily.0
Agglio 126,no. 307 (September1987):178-79.Roscoehas erroneously
statedthat Scheemakert"capitalizedon his introduction and von the
contract in 1763,independently of Stuart, to sculpt statuesof General
Clive and tVOother martial heroes for their court room in Leadenhall
Streeta(179). As statedabove,Scheemakersreceived the commissionsfor
Clive and the others at the samemeeting in 1760.
36Ibid, 178-184.
37G@nerel AccountsLedger 1.121. Also Roscoe,179.
30MX E/I /45.150 (1763). Reprinted in Roscoe.179.
 12

Directors,Stuartexplainedhis proposeddesignfor the Watson

monument:
The Scene of the Monument is
composedof four Palm Trees set at
equal distances,in the middle spaceis
represented the Admiral holding a
palm branch,the symbol of Victory, in
one hand, & extending the other
towards a figure designed to
represent Calcutta;he Commandsher
to be freed; she appears loosed from
her manacles,which are seen hanging
on the Palm Tree behind her,, and is
returning thanks to her Deliverer...
On the right hand of the Admiral is a
Captivechaind.39

Roscoehas stated that the design for the memorial was

"radically now in its complexiconographyand [its] use of exotic
imagery"40and prefigured the monuments to heroes of the
NapoleonicWarsin St.Paul'sCathedral."41
Thomas banks was recommended to the Court of
Directors by the architec%GeorgeDance,R.A. (1740-1825) for
their noRt Set Of COMMiSSiOnS
Of MonUMentAl 42
SCUlptUre. On 28

39 Ibid.
40 Ibid.
41 Ibid.
42C.E.Bell,TheAnnalsof ThomasBank Cambridge,1938,54; M
.
LondonandNev York, revised
Vhinney, SculptureIn Britain 1530-1830,
edition.1988,325.
 13

April 1784, the Directors met and voted two portrait statues of
General Sir Eyre Coote.43 During 1772 and 1773, the Company

and its military division in the Madras Presidency, commanded

by Coot* defended Fort SL George against the advances of
Haidar All (d. 1782) and Tipu Sultan, the rulers of Mysore, and
their French allies. The memorial statues were in celebration of
General Coote's successful campaign and to commemorate his

recent death. One statue was to be placed in Westminster

Abbey while the second was for the Company's General Court
Room.44 Banks was paid fi 1116.17 for both memorials which

were completed in 1793.45 The statue for East India House

represents Cooteas a contemporary military hero.
John Bacon,R.A. was hired by the Court of Directors in the
1790s for all their sculptural commissions. The first was for a

marble statue of Governor-General Charles Cornwallis.46 4

43Minutes of the General Court,28 April 1784.

44Ibid.
45GeneralAccountsLedgers 1.124 (120), 1.125 (154),1.126 (ISO)and
1.127 (176). Banks received his first instalment of UW on I JAy 1793.
.
Final payment vas madoan 19November 1793.Seealsoroster, 57;
Archer, 1906,90and Vhinney, 1988,3Z. The IOOC, London, also
acquired a painting done in 1783by John Thomas Saton (1761-1806),
circumstancesunrecorded, of cootein hiscampaign against Heider Ali
(roster, 3; M. Archer, 1986,43). Francis Haymanpointed The Surrender
of Pondiche= to Sir EM Coote, in the 1760s(National Army Museum,
London). There is also a portrait of Cooteby Henry Morland (1719-97),-c.
1763(KPG,London). JosephNollekens,RA. (1737-1823)is said to have
sculpteda bust of Cootehoping to get the commissionfrom the Company
(B. Chancellor, The Lives of the British Sculo rs lmd ThoseVhO Have

London,1911,175).
460aneralMinutesof the Court 23January1793.
 14

Cornvr.
dlliswasappointed by the Company as Governor-General
of Bengalin 1786. Duringhis term of he
office, createda now
systemof collectingrevenue,kno%m as the mmavilari,revised
the judicial system and made radical changesto the
administration of the Company. At the end of term
Cornwallis'
of officein 1793,the Directorspraisedhis Ouncommon zealand
to
ability" resolving erect a monument to celebrate his
Bacon
retiroMenIL47 waspaid 9525 for the statueof Cornwallis 4
which depictshim as a Romangeneralextendingthe olive
branchof peacein his right hand while holdinga sheathed
sword, symbolizingt*mperance,with his left hand.46 A
cornucopia behindthe left foot poursforth the bountyof the
sub-continent49

47General Minutes of the Court for 23 January 1793;5 February 1795;30

June 1796and 14 November 1798. Seealso Foster, 56-7; Archer, 1986,88.
48GeneradAccounts Ledger 1.127 (167) shov that Becon,received an
advance of f. 210 on 5 February 1795 vith a further payment of E210 on
30 June 1796. There are no other records shoving the final payment
available as General Accounts Ledger 1.1.29is missing from the shelves
of the IOOC.
49Tha older Bacon also designed the figure of Cornvallis vhich ves
erected by public subscription in the Tovn Ijail, Calcutta. The vork vas
completed by his son. John the Younger. See C20. Charles Rossi, R.A.
(1762-1839) executed the monument to Cc)rnve1lIs for St. Faul's Cathedral,
London (1807), for the Howe of Lords under the supervision of the
Committee of Taste. Other memorials to Cornvollis include a voll tablet
in St. George's Church, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia (1807, rlexmen). The
memorial vas almost totally destroyed during the bombing of the church
by the jqmese during VVIL Banks also executed the monumental
figure of Cornvallis for Madras betveen 1793-1800. SeeC19. The ZIC also
commissioned C. H. KOchlor (d. lelo) to execute, along vith Boulton and
Co.of Birmingham, enor the design by John Bacon the Elder. aL
commemorative coin of Cornvellis (P. G. Pollard, wHatthev Boulton and
Conrad Heinrich Xlkhler. * Numismatic Chronicle 7th series, X (19M):
 15

Baconwas againapproachedby the Directorson 30 June

I
1798 to executeanother work. This time they desired a
memorialto be dedicatedto the memoryof Sir William Jones
(1746-94),judgeof the CalcuttaSupremeCourtfrom 1783-94.50
Baconwas to be paid E1050 for the wall tablet which was
completedby his son, JohnBaconthe Younger,following the
elder'sdeathin 1799.51The monumentwas completedby 30
52
June1801andlater placedin St Paul'sCathedral,London.
Two monthsbefore his death,the elder Baconreceived
the commissionfor the elaborate sculptural decoration for the
tympanum which was to enhancethe pediment of the recently
renovated East India House.53 Baconwas paid an advance of
L1000 but, like the memorial to Jones,the work was designed

273-4).A large numberof bustsof Cornvallisvere sentto India, These

includethree by Baconthe Elder- for St.John'sChurch,Calcutta(nd),
an untracedmarblebustfor Bombay(nd) and&marblebustfor the
Victoria Memorial,Calcutta(1798).Oneportrait bustof COmVellis.also
by Baconthe Elder.ves privately commissioned by ClaudMartin (1730-
1800)for his private residence.Constentie. in Lucknov. Arrangements
for the commissionvere handledby JohannZoffany,R.A. (1733-1810)
(Correspondence vith the author from Dr. R.Llevelyn-jones.London.
27June1991).
50GeneralMinutesof the Court,30June1798.Baconalsoexecutedthe
monument dedicated to Jonesfor St.Paul'sCathedral, (1796).
Calcutta The
vork vas commissioned by LadyJones.Othermonumentsto Jones
includeoneby JohnElexmenfor University CollegeChapel,Oxford
(1797).
5'GeneralAccountsLedger1.128(322)revealBaconvas paidhis first
advanceof 025 on 30June1790vith the final paymentof f.525being
paidto his soa,Johnthe Younger,on 30June1801.
52GeneralAccountsLedger1.128(322).
N GeneralMinutesof the Court,30June1799.Thevork is shovn in a
painting and engraving by G.Dave (1781-1829)of 1803
nov in the
collectionof the MOC. London.
 16

by tho oldor Baconbut complotedby his socondSon.

54 Tho
centralfigure of the relief was King GeorgeI 11,dressedin
Roman costume, defending a figureof Britannia.Bacontookthis
opportunityto glorify the recent British victoriesover the
French,bothin Europeandmorespecifically in India,with the
placementof the figure of Liberty kneelingin submission to
Britannia.Thefigureof Mercury,an allusionto his dualrole as
messenger of the godsbut alsoasthe godof commerce, shows
his treasuresto a figure of Asia. Tritonsastridesea horses
follow Mercury whilst the figure of the Gangespours out a
stream. Onthe left of the Kingare personifications of Religion,
justice,Industry and Integrity with the figure of the Thames,to
complementthe Ganges,
comingforth from a streamon which a
bargefloats. Baconhas includeda secondfigure of Britannia
riding the lion of courage,holding a spear,,the attribute of a
warrior and the capof Liberty - againimagerypertainingto
the Britishdefeatof the French.
55
John Bacon the Younger received two further
from the Company.The first in 1806,was for a
commissions
funerary monument to Captain Edward Cooke,R. N. (1722-99)
whicli waserectedin WestminsterAbbey,London.Cooke,who

54GeneralAccountsLedger1.128(322).
551am indebted to Mildred Archer for providing the physical
description of the typenum in correspondencevith the author, 4 March
1990.The interpretation of the relief is that of the author, hovever, and
not Mrs. Archer.
 17

was the commander of the SYNN, was killed during the

I
capture of the Frenchfrigate, the La Arta, in the Bay of Bengal.
The event is cited as one of the greatest naval actions ever
fought,56 The L& F12rtowas consideredto be ThiaBlmitrr* of
the times, the biggestand most heavily armed frigate in Indian
waters.57 The second commissionwas the wall memorial to
Charles Grant (1726-1823), M. P, Director of the East India
Company from 1794-1803 and Chairman of the Court of
Directors0 805-06,1809- 10 and 1815-16).58
The relationship between the older Bacon and the EIC

was the subject of comment by Alan Cunningham(1784-1842)

in the third volume of Lives of the British Painters,
-ScuIRtors
and Architects published in 1830.59Cunninghamimplied that
Baconhad only received his commissionsfrom the BIC because
he owned Companystock.60 Whilst it is true, that Baconowned
considerableBICstock,there is no evidenceto support that this
was the only reason for Baconbeing hired by the Directors.61

56vilkinton, 65.
571bid.
Meneral AccountsLedger 1.1.31(270)indicates that BeconVas paid 184
tovards the cost of installation payable to the perish church of St.
Geor o's,Bloomsbury. Baconvw paid ElOO0for the monument in March
1826IGenerelAccounts Ledger 1.1.31(397).
59On25 September1854,the daughter of Alen Cunningham publicly
apologizedto John Baconthe Younger for the severemanner in vhich
her father had treated the older Bacon (The Builde 7 March 1063:167).
6OSee Cunningham. vol. IIL 214.
61Baconovned 5OWshares of EICstock enough to have alloved him to
-
let his name for a position as director, if he had chosen. He first
purchased 1000shares on II April 1793.The records of the EICshov that
He was, at the time, considered to be one of the most eminent

sculptors working In Britain. He had successfully completed

numerous statues for Westminster Abbey and St. Paul's

Cathedral, for both private and civic patrons, executed works
for King George III, in addition to being commissioned to

execute the statue of Admiral GeorgeBrydgesRodney (1719-92)

for the Jamaican House of Assembly. 62 In the opinion of Ian
Baxter, the Company would not have secured Bacon's services
just becausehe owned shares but rather because of his position

as the Most eminent sculptor of the day, at least in the eyes of

the Directors.63 Another factor which may have had some
influence on the choice of Bacon as sculptor was his special

relationship within the Evangelical circle in London and his

membership in the Eclectic Society, later the Church Missionary
Society, which included several directors of the Company such

as Grant.64

he still only ovned 1000shares on 5 April 1796 Bacon purchased a

further 2000 shares on 19 February 1799end a further 2000 shares on II
April 1799. He sold 1000shares of his stock to George Vohe on 12 April
1799. On his death his shares vere transferred as follow: 1000shares to
Mary Bacon; 1000shares to Edvard Norton Thornton; 1000to Thomas
Bacon; and 1000to Ann Bacon. Thomas Bacon sold his 1000shares to
jqhn Bacon the Younger on 19 April 1800.
D2SeeCundall, 2-4.
63Conversations vith the author at the IWC in Februffy, 1990.
64SeeR. Cecil, Ighn Bacon. Esq..R.A., London, 1801. See
-of ,
Njohn Company and the Evangelical Influence. * History Toda 24 (July
1979):441-47.
 19

In 1805, the Company re-called Governor-General

Wellesleyfor his carelessness
over the financial control of the
Company's expendituresandhis military expeditionswhich had
brought the Companyinto near financial disaster. He was
replacedby Governor-GeneralCharlesCornwalliswho started
his second term of office during the summer' of 1805.
Cornwallis,in ill health when he returned to India, died at
Ghazipurin the province of Bihar on 5 October 1805. The
British residentsof Calcuttaimmediatelyset up a subscription
to raise a mausoleumon the site of his burial.65 In response.,
the DirKtors of the Companyin Londonvoted moniesat their
GeneralCourtmeetingin February, 1822,for the sarcophagus
which was to be housedinside the ten-sidedDorictemple the 29
66 John Flaxmanwas
colonial residentswere COMMISSioning.
askedto executethe memorial.67 Flaxmanwas paid E531for
the sarcophaguswhich has as its central motif a portrait
medallionof the deceasedflanked on one side by a mourning
Hinduandon the other by a mourningMuslim. Onthe opposite
side,Flaxmandepicteda British soldier and a native sepoyin

651havebeenunableto find any availabledocuments vhich list the

9arsonor personsvho chadredthe committeein Calcutte-
6GenerelAccountsLedger1.1.31(316).
67Ibid. Flaxmenvw paidan advanceof z2Win February1UZZ 131in
December1823andE53.8for packingcase;in Marchof 1824.SaoC22.
Information on this commissionis not containedin E.Croft-Hurrey's
editedaccount:of Elexmennor is the vork mentionedin D.Irvin's, jDba
Flazman.1755-1826a Sculptor.illustrator. Designe London,1979.
 20

mourning. The monumentwas shippedto India in April,

1824.60
PeterTurnerelli(1774-1839)executedseveralmarble
bustsof Arthur Wellesley,Ist Dukeof Wellington.Although
thereis noeidstingrecordof theDirectors
orderingTurnerellito
carvea bustof Wellington,thereis a recordof Turnerellibeing
paid B157.10for a bustof Wellingtonwhichwasplacedin the
Company library.69 Turnerelli'sbust subsequently
formedthe
of the temporaryWellingtonTemRledesignedby
Centre-piece
the architectJohnNash(1753-1837)for CarltonHousefor
markingthe Duke'svictoriousreturn to England
celebrations
fromFranceon 21July 1814,70
In 1819,theDirectorscommissioned
SirFrancisChantrey
to executea bust of Henry ThomasColebrooke(1765-1837),
memberof the SupremeCourtof Bengal0 807-12),Presidentof
the Asiatic Societyof Bengal(1806-15) and Director of the
RoyalAsiatic Society,London,in 1834.71BrianAllen and Peter
Marshallhavesuggested,,
in the catalogueof the Raj exhibition
at the NationalPortraitGallery,that the bust was commissioned

6OGenerelAccountsLedger 1.1.31(316).
69GeneralMinutes of the Court for I December1015. Seealso Foster, 100
and Archer, 1986.104-05.Copiesof the bust are in the collection of the
Victoria Memori&LCelcutte;the former home of the Governor of Madras
at Guindy Park, nov the home of the President of the stateof Tamil Nedu
and in the Guildhall, Goodvood.
70SeeYerrington, 1988,169.
7 '! Sir Francis Chentrev's Ledgersof Accounts. Royd Acedemy.98.
 21

because Colebrooke had donated his extensive collection of

Sanskrit manuscripts to the Companylibrary that same year.72
Chantreywas paid E120 for the buSL73
As previously mentioned, Wellesley was appointed
Governor-General of Bengalin 1798 and re-called in 1805
beforehis term of officewascompleted.Whilst,his expansionist
policiesin India we not officially condonedby the Company
Directorsin Londonat the time, Wellesleywas later credited
vAthbeingoneof the greatestfoundersof the British Empirein
India.74Consequentlyon 10March 1841j the Courtof Directors
authorizedfunds for a statue to be executedin honour of his
services to the CoMpany.75 On 21 April 184 1, the Chairman
announced that Chantrey had been given the CoMmiSSi0n.
76
Chantrey's fee was to be 2000 gUineaS.77 However, Chantrey
died on 25 November of the same year and the completion of
the commission was in some doubt The Directors later agreed
to hire Chantrey's assistant, Henry Weekes,R.A. (1807-77) for a

reduced fee of 6 1800. Weekes had been entrusted with the

completion of Chantrey's commissions which included the

72BaTly (ad.), 215.

73Chentray Ledgers.98. The bust is signed Chantrey sc 1820.Seealso
Poster, 84; Archer. 1986,93and Bayly (ad.), 215.
74SOO C161and C162for details on the statueserectedin Calcuttaand
Bombay.respectively, to Valleslay.
75G@nerel Minutes at the Court, 10March 1841.Seealso Foster,1924,56
and Archer. 1986.105-06.
76GeneralMinutes of the Court, 12April 1841.
77Ibid.
 N

equestrian monument of the Duke of Wellington for the City of

London at the Royal Exrhange(1844). The model for the EIC
commissionwas completed and presented to the Directorson I
May 1844 for their approval.76 The statue was completed In
1045 and exhibited at the R. A. before being installed in the
GeneralCourtRoomof EastIndia House.79
Like Wellesley, Francis Rawdon Hastings, 2nd Earl of
Moira (1732-1818), the first Governor-Generalof Fort William
in Bengal(1773-83), was not to receive an accoladeIn the form
of a statue from the Directors upon his retirement. Hastings
was involved in a nine year trial in which the Houseof Lords, at
the insistence of Edmund Burke (1729-97), whoattempted to
impeachhim for the grossmisgovernment of Bengal. Hastings
was acquitted but It was to be someyears before his servicesto
the Company were fully comprehended *or appreciated.
FollowingHastings'deathin 1818,the Chairmanof the Company
proposed,on 22 August, that a statue of their first Governor-
General should be placed in his honour in the' General Court
Room.60 The motion confirming this was finally passedat their
meeting on 12January 1820,some eighteenmonths later, after

70Archer, 1986,106.
79A coplr,%= shovn at the GreatExhibition of 1851.TheCrystal Palace
had a plaster copy at one time. Its' current existenceis unknovn.
00GeneralMinutes of the Court,22 August Ia 18. SeealsoFoster*,94-5 end
Archer, 1986,95-6.
 23

some 0I
opposition. By September of the same year, John
,
Flaman had boonchosenas the sculptorfor the project for a
fee of E1000.62The work which depictsHastingsin civilian
dresswas completedin April 1823.63Flaxmanexhibited the
statueat the R. A. in the sameyear before it was placedin a
decoratednichewithin the SalesRoomof EastIndia House. 84
The Court of Directorsheld a special meeting on 27
October 1853 to discuss the choice of sculptor to execute a
statue of the Duke of Wellington following the Duke's death on
14 September.
65 On 16 November, the Chairman announced
that Matthew Noble, RA. (1817-76) had been selected to

61GeneralMinutesof the Court,12January1820.SeealsoFoster,95;

Archer. 1986,95.Thenamesof thosein oppositionvere not recordedin
the recordsonly the instancein the voting.
02GeneralAccountsLedger1.1.31(270)indicatesthat flaxman ves pedda
cashadvanceof 033-6.8in January1821vith a further E333.6.8 in
September1822Vith a final paymentof Z333.6.8 in April 1023.
83Ibid.
64FIeXMen VasalsoSelected asthe sculptorfor the marblestatusof
Hastingsfor Calcuttacompletedby ThomasDenman(1787-? ), Flaxmen's
brother-in-lav. in 1828.SeeC66.It vw originally placedvithin a
templeenclosurenear to the DalhousieInstitute but vex later re-located
to the porch of the Institute. Thestatueis nov in the Victoria Memorial.
Sir RichardVestmecott,RA. (1775-1856) supplieda secondstatueof
Hesftgs for the Tovn Hall vhIch vw completedin 1830andIs nov in
the Victoria Memorial.SeeC67.JohnBaconthe Youngerexecutedthe
monumentto Hastingsin VestminsterAbbey(1818)vhich vw erected
by Hastings'second vita, the former BaronessImhoff.
0 GeneralMinutesof the Court,27October1853.Therevw one
dissentingvoteagainstthe idea. SeeArcher, 1986,99.SeealsoJ.
Physic4 TheVellington Mon=ent London,19MandA. Yerrington,

Victorsof the Nagloonio Vers ISO()-le64Nov York, 1986,for

information on statueserectedin Vellington's memory.
execute the monument for a fee of L 1200.06 The statue was
completed by 5 September 1855 and placed in the General
Court Room in 1856.67 Noble represented Wellington in his
military dress uniform with accompanying cloak which is
thrown over the shoulders. Wellington's statue was the last
work commissioned by the Court of Directors before their
authority was turned over to the Crown.
The East India Company was a private, institutional
patron and as such, its commissionsare distinct from those
erected'through public funds provided by local, regional or
national governmentsor through public subscriptionsintended
for the public domain. With the exception of statues such as
that of Sir Eyre Coots erected In Westminster Abbey (1793,
Danks),all of their commissionswere fortheir private building

and offices to be viewed by shareholdersand potential clients.

TheCourtof Directorsof the EastIndia Companywas,in
f act, riot being innovative when it chose to glorify the
Company'sheroesby erecting a commemorativestatue but,

06Genered AccountsLedger1.133(193)Indicatesthat an advanceof f-400

vw paidinto an accountin the Bankof Englandfor Noblein November
1853.Noblevas paida further E400on 6 May 1854(GeneralAccounts
Ledger1.1.34)vith the balanceof E400being paidIn September1855.
TheDirectorsapprovedan additionalE30in January1856for expenses
connected, with the pedestalof the status.Thefigure of Vellington
vhi,^.h Nobleexecutedfor the EICfigured in other vorks executedby the
sculptorto Vellington suchasthe Vellington Memorial(1856,
Manchester).,
67GeneralMinutesof the Court,5 September1855.
 5

rathOrIt wassimplyfollowinga wellostablishodtradition.

68 It
is unclearhowinfluentialthedecisionof theCourtof Directors
to commence erectingcommemorative portraitstatuesin 1760
wasontheiremployees onthe Indiansub-continentwhobegan
to commission similar statuesIn 1792. Whilst certain
commissions of theEastIndiaCompany In London did coincide
with thoseoccuringin the colonies, no clearparallelscanbe
drawnbetweenthem. For example, the Courtof Directors
recognizedthecontributions Robert,LordClivehadmadeto its
in 1760by commissioning
enterprise a portraitstatue(1764,
Scheemakers) nowin the Foreignand Commonwealth Office,
London.Theresidents on the Indiansub-continent aswell as
thegeneral publicin Britainwereslowto acknowledge Clive's
achievements only raisingstatuesas late as 1912in London
(Tweed, Queen's Gate)and 1913in Calcutta(Tweed, Victoria
69LordCornwallis,
Memorial). ontheotherhand,wascelebrated
both in London and on the sub-continent,almost
simultaneously.Thefirst statuewascommissioned In 1792by
of Madras(1800,Banks)in celebration
the'residents of Lord
Cornwallis'recent defeat of Tipu Sultan,as previously
90 Whencompleted
mentioned. the statuealsorecognizedhis

USeeYerrington,
1988,1-61
forthesourcesandtraditions
ofnineteenth
British
century publiccommemorative
sculpture Rome.
in ancient
09See
"TheNeglected
rounder *lh_ePed 3May
ofBritishln4i&.
See
1907.5. alsoC17.
90SeeC19,
services as Governor-GeneralacknovAedginghis retirement in
1793. The Court of Directors commissionedtheir statue of Lord
CornwallisIn 1793 following his retirement (1798..Bacon).
MarquessWellesleyand Hastingsonly received recognition
from the Courtof Directorsin the form of a portrait statueupon
their death. However, the colonial residents, perhaps more
directly aware of the accomplishments of Hastings and
Marquess Wellesley, began subscribing funds for their
commemorative statues shortly after both men had retired
from office. For example, the residents of Calcuttasubscribed
for two statues to be erected to Hastings - one completed in
1828 by Flaxmanwith the secondcompletedby Westmacottin
1830.91The two statues erected to Marquess Wellesley were
executed by John Baconthe Younger. The statue for Calcutta
was completed in 1809 with the statue for Bombay being
finished in 1814.92
Whatis significantis that there is no evidenceto suggest
that any other countryexportedpublic commemorative
statues
to their colonies to the same extent as Britain. 93 For example,

91SeeC66and C7,respectively.
9zSeeCII end C162,respectively.
93Thishas been confirmed in correspondencebetveen the author and
Antoinette Le Normand-Romain,Conservateuran Chef, Museed'Orsay,
Paris dated14December1992and similarly in correspondencevith
Philip Vard-Jackson,London, deted9 November 1992.The French
erecteda statueof RochetMahe de la Bourdonnaisat Mauritius in 1859
by Aueustin-Alexandre Dumont (1801-84).a copy of this statueis at Saint
Malo. Adrien dTpinay, born a British subject, executedtVo statuesfor
the French in Mauritius - one of his father, Prosper, for Pori Louis
 27

the French sent only two public commemorativemonumentsto

their territory on the Coromandelcoast of India at Pondicherry.
The first commemorated Marquess Duplessis, Governor of
Pondicherry from 1735-42 (1780, CrrUyere);
94the second is a
statue representing loan of Arc (nd, unknown) near the War
Memorial. The French also presented the territory with a bust
of Marianne in 1939 (unknown). The Dutch established
churchesat Thanjavur in the south of India and at Serampore
near Barrackporein WestBengal. There is no evidenceto show
that they exported any statues to these Dutch colonial centres.
The Portuguese confined themselves to building numerous,
rather elaborate, churches in Goa, such as Bom, Jesus, but
refrained from erecting any public monuments.

(1867) featured in The Illustrated London Neys 19January 1867:64,and

the other to an unspecified ex-Governor of the island. (This Information
has been supplied by P. Vard-jackson, London, in correspondencevith
the author dated9 December1992). Baron Carlo Marochetti (180-67)
executedthe statueof the Dued' Orleanserected in the Placedu
Gouvernementin Algiers (1845). The statueves the result of a
subscription raised by soldiers of the French army in Algeria. It has
since been returned to NeWily, the site of the Orleansfamily's suburban
cheteam Antoinette le Normand-Romainhas indicated that French
sculptors received various commissionsfor the United States,South
America, Canadaand Mexico but these statueswe outsidethe discussion
of monumentsexportedto colonial territories.
94In correspondenceVith the author, dated9 December1992,Philip
Vard-jeckson, London, statedthat he believes this statueis a version of
the one Gruyere exuuted for Versailles in 1867.
 28

TWO
CHAPTER
COMMEMORATIVE TOTHECOLONIES
EXPORTED
STATUES

Like the Court of Directorsof the East India Companyand

British civic bodies, the colonial residents desired not to just
honour their heroes vAth a piece of silver plate but, in a more
grand manner befitting the hero - and the Empire-' Colonial
residents,like their counterparts elsewhere,required funds to
erect such statues and they also needed to select a sculptor -
either through an open or limited competition or by personal
Invitation. Similarly, the choice of an appropriate site was of
importance. A significant addition to the cost of the monument,
in some cases, was the transportation from Britain. Local
masons were hired to assist with the installation of the
memorial often follovAnginstructions supplied by the sculptor.
Subjectsof the Commemoration
Thefirst statueserectedby publicsubscriptionby British
colonial residents commemoratedmilitary heroes who had
secured and expanded the British Empire. On 20 February
17830the Jamaican House of Assembly voted funds to erect a

statue to Admiral GeorgeBrydgesRodney %tose naval victory

over the French commander do Grasse off Dominica in April
1782 secured British dominion in the Caribbean (1789, Bacon).2

I C=dc, 5.
2 jbid,
 29

The work was unveiled in 1790 in SpanishTown.3 On 15 May

1800,the British residents of Madras assembledon the Parade
Grounds of Fort St Georgeto unveil the first portrait statue
exported to the Indian sub-continent - someseven years after
it had been subscribed.4 The statue commemoratedGovernor-
General and Commander-in-ChiefCharles Cornwallis' victory 25
over Tipu Sultanand his French allies in the Third Mysore War
of 1790-92 as well as Cornwallis' recent retirement as
Governor-General(1800, Banks).5
Other Governors-Generalwere honoured with statues
being erected. For example,FrancisRawdonHastings,2nd Earl
of Moira, first Governor-Generalof Fort William in Bengal
(1773-83), was commemorated in two statues erected in
Calcutta. JohnFlaxmandesignedthe first marble portrait statue
of Hastingsbasedon a previously executedbust of Hastingsby
JosephNollekens.6 The statue, completed by Thomas Denman
in 1828, was originally placed in a temple adjacent to the
Whousie Institute.7 It was later transferred to the south porch
of the Institute before its re-location to the Victoria Memorial in

3 Ibid.,8.
4CeltUltaGeZette5 June I OW:3.
5seeC19.
6Hastingsspecific V requestedthat Flaxmenwe the bust by Nollakens,
vh1ch he [Hastings greatly admired,instead of making a castof his
facial features (BtnSjLpKjjndjxZ= 5 (january6MWch 1910):22).
7 Bengal Pastand Present 5 (january-March 1910):22.
 30

1924.6 The secondmemorial to Hastingswas executedby

Westmacott
who the
dressed figure of in
Hastings a Romantoga 69
with a full-sleevedvest The figure holds an openscroll with
both hands. Westmacott included two additional figures -a
Brahmin holding a palm manuscript and a Muslim teacher, or
Munshi, reading a book. The marble group, originally erected

On the South portico of the Town Hall in Calcutta, was

transferred to the West Quadrangle of the Victoria Memorial in
1914.9 Three portrait statues of Governor-General Charles
Cornwallis were erected on the Indian sub-continent. In

addition to the one executed for Madras, previously mentioned

(1800, Banks), British residents in Calcutta and Bombay 25

subscribed funds for a statue to be erected in each of their

cities. Both works wore executed by John Bacon the Younger.
The statue for Calcutta was based on his father's design for a 26

statue completed for the East India Company in London in 1798j 4

previously mentioned. 10 Bacon the Younger completed the
statue in 1803 for a fee of E5000.11 The work, originally
erected in the Town Hall, was transferred to the East

0 Catalogueof Bustsand Statuary in the Calcutta.1978,

9.
9V. X. Firminger. Thacker'sGuide-to Calcutt Calcutta.1906,44,
Catalogue of BuistsandStatilwzyin the Victoria MamgrilL 2.
10Ibid.,5.
11A. Cox-Johnson, "A Gentleman's Agreement.nBurlington MUSia 101
(1959):240.
 31

Quadrangleof the Victoria Memorialin 1920.12

The statue of
Lord Cornwallis for Bombay was commissionedthrough funds
28
raised by the military officers of the city. 13 Baconthe Younger
dressedLord Cornwallisin contemporarymilitary uniform; two
femaleallegoricalfigures,now lost, were originally positioned
at the baseof the pedestal. The statue,originally erectedon
BombayGreenunder an ionic cupola, was later transferredto
the groundsof the OldTownHall beforebeingmovedto the lee
of the Dr. BhauDaji LadMuseumon 12,August 1965.14Bacon
the Youngeralsoreceivedthe commissions
for the two statues
of Governor-General
Wellesley,oneto be erectedIn Calcutta,the
otherin Bombay.Thestatuefor Calcuttadepictsthe Governor-
Generalin civilian dressunder heavily drapedrobeswith the
collar of the Orderof the Bath. The figure was completedin
1809and erectedat the east entranceof the Marble Hall.15
Bacon'sfee was E6000.16The statuewas later transferred to
the Victoria Memorial. The statue of MarquessWellesleyfor
Dombay was completed five years later, in 1814,148-150

13J.Bacon,A Letter to the Right Hon. Sir Robert Peet.Bart- M.P. on the
Appgintment of a Commissionfor Promoting the end
-CWtivation
Improvement of the Fine Arts: Nith somesuggestions regarding a
former! commission.denominated"The Committeeof Tg4te London, 1843,
14.
14Ibid.
15Hendbookof the BencrelPresidency,London, 1882,87.
16Cox-Johnson,240. Seeelso Handbookt Bengal Presidincy, 87.
 32

of
at a cost L5000-17
Thefigure, in
dressed the robes of the
Governor-General,
wasoriginallyaccompaniedby the figureof
a soldierreceivinga wreathand a female figure
allegorical in
18 Theseaccompanying
additionalto a lion andlioness. figures
are nowlost, Thestatuewas first erectedat the south-west
cornerof ChurchGateoutsidethe rampartsof the Fort.19When
the fort wallsweredemolishedin 1874,the statuewasmoved
to Bombay Greenandpositionedona siteadjacentto the temple
housingthe figure of Lord Cornwallis(1812, Baconthe 27
20 In order to provide a prominentsite for the statue
Younger).
of Queen Victoria (1869, Noble), the figure of Marquess
Wellesleywas re-locatedfor a third time to the groundsof the
OldTownHall.21 It is currently in the gardenarea adjacentto
the Dr.BhauDajiLadMuseum,Bombay.
WhentheEastIndiaCompany controlof the
relinquished
sub-continentto the British Crown in 1858,the title of
Governor-General
waschanged to that of Viceroy
andGovernor-
General.Almostall of the Viceroyswerecommemorated with
at leastone monumentin eachcase. 22 GeorgeNathaniel,Ist

17Ibid, 242.
16Informationin a letter to the author,fr= JoyNissen.Bombay,24
April 1991.
190.Velledares,"Shodovsof the Past.TracingBombay'smagnificent,old
Statuas.nTajMeSezine.Ist quarterly issue(1985):34.
31D
Ibid. SeaC21.
21Ibid.
22Thosevho did not havea statueerectedin their memoryvere: the
Earlof Elgin andKincardinevho hold office for only oneyear from
 %; %IF

MarquessCurzonof Kedlestonwas Viceroy of India from 1899-

1905. Two statues commemoratinghis services to the sub-
continent and to the Crown were erected in Calcutta. The first,
by Thornycroft, was completed in 1911. The selection of the

sculptor, the design,and the site were the subject of prolonged

discussionsbetween Lord Curzonand Sir Patrick Playfair, head
of the Calcuttacommittee.23 The bronze figure of Lord Curzon,
wearing the robes of the Viceroy, was originally accompanied
by three allegorical groups symbolizing Maternal Bliss,
Agricul re and Famine RelK previously mentioned.24 The
_ -
monument,originally erectedon the Maidan at a cost of E7000o
is now located on the grounds of Old Flagstaff House,
Barrackpore,West Bengal.25 The secondstatue of Lord Curzon
was commissionedfrom Frederick W. Pomeroy, R.A. (1856-
1924) by PrabashankarD. Pattni, C.I.E.,the ruler of Bhavnagar,
for the garden area of the Victoria Memorial.26Three statues
immortalized Charles Hardinge, Ist baron Hardinge of

1862-3,the Baron Lytton (r. 1876-80),Baron Chelmsford(r. 1916-21),the

Marquessof Linthgov (r. 1936-43),Viscount Vavell (r. 1943-47)and Earl
Mounttatten of Burma (r. 1947butcontinued on under Nehru until
1948).
23 See-Mss. Eur.F111/4 in the IOOC,London. Seealso S. Beattie,The New
Sculpture.NewHavenand London,1983,224-30and E.Manning,1982.
24AII three of these allegorical groups vere exhibited in various of the
Royal AcademySummerExhibitions betvaen 1911and 1913.SeeC25for
details.
25 S.Beattie,226.
26 DescriRtiveCeasiogueof Busjsand Statuary in the Viotoria Memorial
1978,43.
 34

Penshurst,Viceroy of India from 1910-16. Two were executed

by Herbert Hampton (1862-1929); the original bronze standing
figure waserectedin Patnain 1915while a variant was sent to 60
Bombayin 1920. Two bronzepanelsrepresentingJusticeand
HumanSympathy,alsoby Hampton,were commissioned for the
pedestalof the Patnastatue. Thework wasoriginallyerectedin
Kuhwar SinghPark [HardingePark].27 The statue and the
accompanying panels,now removedfrom the pedestalwhich is
los%are in the collectionof the PatnaMuseum. The statue for
Bombaywasmore grandiose.Thefigure,positionedon a stone 61,62
pedestal228" in heightat Apollo Bunder,was accompanied
by
two femaleallegoricalgroupsrepresentingPeaceand Maternal 63-66
LM in addition to a bronzelion and lioness.
26 The statueis
now locatedon the groundsadjacentto the Dr. BhauDaji Lad
Museum.The two femaleallegoricalgroupsare locatedwithin
the Ji jamataBhonsaUdyan; MaternalLoveis situatedin the 66
middle of a rose garden and Peaceis in the temple which 63-66
originallyhouseda bust of LadyFrere(nd,Noble).The lion and
lionesswereremovedin 1990underthe ordersof Mr. Tinaiker,
Municipal Commissioner,to decorate the pedestal of the
Lokmanya Bat GandhadarTilak Monumen at Chowpatty

27 This information vas confirmed by curetorW staff at the Patna

Museum during interview at Patna on 24 April 1992. The statue Ves
moved to the museum in 1%7.
28 Information in a letter to the author, from Foy Nissen. BOMb&Y, II
January 1992.
 35

The third statue celebrating Hardinge was executed by

BeaC11.29
Charles Sargent Jagger. The marble standing figure wearing the

robes of the Viceroy and the collar of the Order of the Star of 67
India wa3 exhibited at the RoyalAcademyin 1928 before being
shipped to Delhi.30 It is now located at the site of the Old
Durbar commonly known as 'The Graveyard of the Statues' in 9
Delhi.
Certain Governorsof the presidency towns - Dombay,
Calcutta and Madras - were celebrated by having statues
erected in their honour. For example, mounstuart,Elphinstone
(1779-1859) was Governor of Bombay from 1819-27.
Followinghis retirement in 1827,a public subscriptionwas
raised throughoutthe BombayPresidencyfor a statue to be
erected in the Old Town Hall, Bombay.3I The work was executed 48,49
by Chantrey for a fee of E2 100 which included the cost of the

statue, the pedestal, the packing and transport to the London

32 John, Lord Ephinstone, Governor of Madras from
Docks.
1837-42 and Governor of Bombay from 1853-59, was
commended in a marble statue by John Foley also for the Old 45-47
Town Hall, Bombay in 1864.33 Sir Henry Edward Bartle Frere
(1815-85), Govemor of Bombay, was honoured by a 8tatue

29 Ibid.
30R. A. 19M (1415). Seeelso C63.
31SeeC44.
321 am indebted to A. Yarrington for providing this information.
33SeeC43.
erected through a public subscription and executed by his
friend, Thomas Woolner, R.A. (182 5-92) in 1872.34 The marble
figure, dressed in contemporary costume under the robes of the
Order of the Star of India, was also placed in the Old Town Hall,
Bombay.
Certainmilitary officers in service either to the East India
Company or the British Crown were honoured with statues
being erected in their memory. For example, Adjutant General
Thomas Henry Somerset Conway (1779-1827) was
commemorated by a marble statue being erected in St. Mary's
in the Fort, Madras completed by John Ternouth ( 1795- 1849) in
1845.35The marble figure of Lt. Colonel Henry Hercules Popper
(1786-1826) executed by George Clarke (1796-1842), a former

assistant to Chantrey stands in the same church.36 Both statues

were erected through public subscriptions being raised; both
are dressed in contemporary military uniform.
In addition, certain civilians were honoured by having a

statue erected in their memory. For example, public

subscriptionswere raised in both Madras and Calcuttain 1826
in order to commissionmemorialsin memory of ReginaldHeber
(1783-1826), the second Bishop of Calcutta. A grandiose

34A, Voolner, in
Letters London, 1917,289.SeealsoC47.
35seeCIO.
36seeC102.
 37

funerary tablet was erected in Madras Cathedral (1830,

Chantrey) and a portrait statue was erected in St Paul's 70
Cathedral,Calcutta (1836, Chantrey).37 CharlesForbes (1774-
1849),an independent merchant in Bombay,was immortalized,
by Chantrey,in marble in 1841.30The statue is in the Old Town 50
Hall, Bombay.
By far.,the largest number of statues erected to a single
individual on the Indian sub-continent were those in honour of
QueenVictoria. Followingthe EastIndia Companyrelinquishing
control of the sub-continentto the Crown on I November 1858,
otheregrew an extraordinary attachment and reverence for the
Queen*$person which littered Indian cities with her statues.039
In celebration of the Queen's Golden jubilee in 1887, a
proliferation of statues were erected across the Empire and
again following her death in 1901. The last statue of the Queen
commissionedfor the coloniesin SouthAsia appears to be one
subscribedfor Pulau Pinang,Malaysia,by the Chineseresidents 147

erectedin 1930.40
Other British monarchsand membersof the Royal family
were commemoratedbut none in so grandiose a fashion as

37SeeC68.A third memorialvas erectedto Heberin St.PeLiA's Ceithedral,

London(I M, Chantrey). In addition,a memorialstonevas raisednear
the bath In Tiruchirapalli vhere he drovnedasvell asa smellmarble
plaqueover the siteof his burial in St.John'sChurchin the samecity.
38SeeC45.
39SPear,48.
40SeeC157,
 38

those erected to Victoria Regina. The Queen'sbeloved Albert,

the Prince Consort was immortalized in one statue on the sub-
continent erectedin Bombay(1869, Noble).41 The marble figure 11
wears the robes of the Order of the Star of India. Two female
allegorical figures symbolizing Ad and Sciencecomplete the 12,13
group executedby Matthew Noble and commissionedby Albert
Sassoon(1818-69).42 The marble group stands on the main
floor of the Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum, formerly the Victoria
and Albert Museum,Bombay. King EdwardVI I and King George
V had at least one statue dedicatedto their reign in each of the
Presidency towns in addition to a number of others being
erected in various locations throughout the sub-continent,43
QueenMary was remembered in two statues, both by George
Frampton,for Delhi ( 1911) and Calcutta( 1916).44
The choice of the individual to be commemorated,the

scale,the form of the memorial,and its site almost always

correspondsto the *samehierarchicalorder as the occupants
followedin their lifetiMe.045All life in India was governedby
particularsocialdistinctionswhichwerefollowedto the grave.46
41 See Cl.
421.S.Jackson,TheSassoons.London,1968,40-1.SeealsoE.Darby,
of QueenVictoria andPrince Albert: A Studyin Commemorative
"Statues
andPortrait Statuary.1837-1924.
" Ph.D.thesis,CourtauldInstitute of Art,
University of London,1986,2%.
43SeeM42 and C48-56,respectively.
44SeeCg)-j.
45Vilkinson, 18,
46 Ibid.
 39

Whilst these hierarchical divisions were acknowledged

unofficially, they were made official under the 1841 rules of

'Procedencein the East Indies'.47 After 1858,the Monarch was
followed by the Viceroy. Prior to 1858,it would have been the
Governor-Generalfollowed by the Governorof Bengal then the
Governorsof Madras,Bombayand Agra.46 The Chief justice of
Bengaland the Bishop of Calcuttafollowed and so on down to
the civilians who were divided into six distinct classesaccording
to their length of service.49 Womenwere assignedthe position
of their husband.50Protocolwas followed not only in the place-
settings at official dinners, the number of salutes a person was
awarded, or their position in reception lines but also, as
previously stated, in the type of memorial erected following a
persons'death or in commemorativestatues executedfor either
the living or dead.
During the latter half of the nineteenth century,
prominent natives, following the traditions set by British
colonial residents earlier in the century, began subscribing
funds to have sculptorsworking in Britain executememorials In
remembrance of their own great philantropists and civic
leaders. Whilst a few monumentswere erected in Calcuttaand

47 Ibid.
46jbid.
49 Ibid.
50 Ibid.. 19.
 40

Madras, this borrowing of tradition was most prevalent in

heroesappearsto
Bombay"wherethe love of commemorating
outstrip even that of the British and the whole of India.n5l
Three heroic statues, all executedby Marochetti in 1865,
the
commemorate generosityof jamseqeejeejeebhoy (1783-
1859)-a marblein the OldTownHall,a bronzereplicaon Vir 72,73
Nariman Way and a secondbronze replica directly inside the 75
entrance to the J. J. Hospital.52 The colossalmarble statue of 74
DinshawPetit (1823-190 1) by Brock (nd)53looksto Uie Victoria 97,98
Terminus from Bhatia Bhag whilst across the boulevard the
Mehta (1845-1913)is
bronzestandingfigure of Pherozeshah 85
situated on a prominent site in front of the Municipal
Corporation (nd, Wood).54 Perhaps one of the most prominent
landmarks in the city of Bombay,outside the usual tourist sites
such as the Gateway of India, is the commanding statue of
CursetjiManeckit (1783-1845), the Thadi Parsee',positioned on 81-83
a 480" high column above an elaborate bronze fountain
by
surrounded mermaids that onceactedasgaslamps,towering
55 Numerousother bronzeand
betweenthe flyover at BycuUa.
marble figures of native citizens were erected on the

51Interviev vith Mrs.Shah,HonourarySecretary,AsiaticSociety,

Bombay,15April 1992.
52See71-3,respectively.
53See C104.
54SeeC87,
55Thestatueis the vork of JohnBell (1812-95).Nodatefor its
completionhasbeenascertained.SeeC82,
 41

boulevardsand in the parks commemoratingthe men who

helped to make Bombaythe financial centre of India in the
twentiethcentury.
Therewas virtually no difference,exceptin dress,in the
figuresexecutedby British sculptorsfor either the British or the
native residents in the colonies. Whilst the statues of the
British are costumed in either the robes of the Order of the Star

of India, the Governor-General or the Viceroy, in military dress

- either classical or contemporary - or in civilian dress, the

natives are usually, but not always, depicted wearing traditional

costume. Both are represented in either seated or standing
positions. There were, however, no equestrian monuments

erected to native individuals by sculptors working in Britain

during the time period coveredby this thesis,1800-1939.56It
would appearthat this form of representationwasexclusiveto
the 'most powerful' of the British. For example,numerous
works to King Edward VII, the Viceroys and at least one
Governor,Sir ThomasMunro (1761-1827) (1834, Chantrey), 91
depictthemon horseback.
Funding
Tho majority of the monumentscommissionedfor the
colonieswere the direct result of public subscriptionsfollowing
56Contemporary Indian sculptors have adoptedthis form of sculpture
commemoratingnumerous of their heroes/heroines. They include. for
example,the bronze equestrian monument of the Rhoni of jhansi at
Gvalior and SubhesChandraBhosefor Calcutta.
 42

well-established practices in Britain for funding similar works.

From all the available evidence,it would appear that residents
in the colonies, both British and native, were generally
successfulin their efforts to raise these public subscriptions.
For example,the committeeset up to raise funds for a statue of
Daniel Corrie, (1777-1837) (1842, Weekes), first Bishop of 30
Madras, to be erected in Madras Cathedral accumulatedmore
than :&12,000in their appeal.57 They had enoughfunds to pay
Henry Weekes for the monument and to also establish two
annual scholarshipsto Bishop Corrie's Grammar Schoolin the
city.56 Followingthe assassinationof Richard SouthwellBourke,
6th Earl of Mayo (1822-72), Viceroy of India from 1869-72,the
British and native residents of Ajmer subscribedfor a statue to
be erected in front of the Ajmer Club.59 The committee was so
successfulin its attempts to raise funds that the remaining Rs.
11,879, after all costs for the statue were deducted, were
donated to Mayo Collegefor the purchaseof land.60 When the
residents of Allahabad raised funds for a statue of Queen
Victoria to be erected in Alfred Park in 1905 (Wade),they had
enoughreserve funds to establish an endowmentof Rs. 20,000
to maintain the monuMent6l A local committee in Calcutta,

57Reort of BishoRCorrie's GrammerSohoo Ma&w. 1864.SeeC23.

58Ibid.
59SeeC86.
60Ibid.
61See146.
 43

headed by Sir Patrick Playfair, was surprised when its efforts to

raise public funds in order to commission a portrait in oils of

Frederick Sleight Roberts, Ist Earl Roberts of Kandahar and
Waterford (1832-1914) turned out to be ev aucceeaful that It

was placed in the enviable position of having accumulated

enough funds to commission a bronze equestrian status (1896,

Dates).62
Even with so many successes in raising public
subscriptions,local committeessometimesfound themselves in
financial difficulties particularly following regional disasters.
For example,the famine in Bengal of 1897 adversely affected
CommemorationFund
the amount of funds the Queen'Empress;
in Calcutta anticipated receiving.63 Typically, the local
maharajas and begums came to the rescue pledging their
financial assistance. On other occasions,local communities,
preoccupiedwith Inter-regional/city rivalry over the erection of
the most prestigious monument to QueenVictoria, sometimes
discovered that their grandiose plans were not financially
feasible. For example,the QueenVictoria Memorial Committee
in Bangalore soon realized that it would be unable to raise
sufficient funds to erect both a technical institute 64
and a StatUe.
Even after deciding to commissiononly the marble statue,,the 134

62Beattie, 219. Seealso CI13.

63PioneerMail and India Nevs, 7 January1898:23. SeealsoDerby, 312.
64Ibid, 24April 1903:13.
 44

committeehad to reply on the generosityof the Maharajaof

MysoreIn fulfilling its commitment65
Occasionallythe native residents were willing - when the
British were not - to subscribefunds in order to commissiona
statue for a British citizen. For example, David Hare (1775-
1842) used the savings he made from his watchmaking and
silver shop in Calcutta to found the Hindu Collegein 1817.66
Instead of returning to Britain on his retirement Hare remained
in Calcuttacommitted to the educationof the natives. Hare was
so closely identified with the Hindus that when he died he was
refused a Christianburial in a Europeancemetery.67 on 17 June
1841, Raja Rammohum Roy, the leader of the Bengal Hindu
Reformationmovement and Raja KissennataRoy called a public
meeting in order to discusscommissioninga mausoleumand a
statuo in memory of Hare for the college grounds.60 The
meeting was chaired by BabooProsunnoCoomarTagore (180 1-
60), Governorof the Hindu College,Member of the Council of
Educationand member of the Calcutta Municipal Corporation,
Fellow of the CalcuttaUniversity and founder of the Reformer69
Five thousand Bengalisattended the funeral of Hare.70 The

65Ibid.
66SeeP. C.Mittre. Biggra2hical Sketch of DavidH Calcutta.1877.
VVilkinSon, 84.
6OMittre.79.
69Ibid.
70Ibid. SeealsoVilkinson, 84.
 45

statue erectedin his memory was completedby Edward Hodges

Daily,R.A. (1788-1867)
in 1846.71
Someof the monumentssentto the coloniesand intended
for public viewing were the result of the generositiesof
individual patrons, occasionallyBritish but more often, native.
Charlotte,Lady Canning( 1812-6 1),We of the first Viceroy of
India, Charles Canning proclaimed her desire to have a
monument erected over Bibighar Well, the site of the massacre
of the Briti-sh women and children during the 17 June 1858
72Fundswereprovidedoutof her estatefor
uprisingat Kanpur.
(1865,Marochetti),
thestatueTheAngelof-theResurrection 15
an
allegoryrepresenting Canning's belief that there would be a
73
betterlife, afterdeath,for thosewhohadperishedin the Well.

Raja Serfoji (1777-1834), the ruler of Mysore,

commissionedtwo works from John Flazman. One, an heroic
marble portrait statue of himself, was completed in 1806 for
the audiencechamber of his palace at Thanjavur.74 The other

was a small marble tablet placed in the Little Church,

Thanjavur, in memory of the Danish missionary, Frederick
Christian Swartz(1726-98) (1808).

71SeeC65.
72A. Hare. A SIOME
of Tvo Noble Lives: Ch&rlotteCountemCanning!and
LouismMmochioness-ofVaterfOrd 3 vols. London, 1893,vol. 1,152,258.
73SeaQ.
74SeeC116.
 46

Prominent native rulers, who were allowed by the British

Crown to retain some power over their dominions on the sub-

continen%were quick to show their allegiance to Queen Victoria

by funding memorials in her honoUr.75 For example, H. H. the
Khande Rao Gaekwad of Baroda (r. 1856-70) provided B 15,000
for a statue to be erected in the Queen's honour in Bombay 119-122
(1869, Noble).76 The Princes and Chiefs of Kathiawar State paid
for the statue of Queen Victoria by Alfred Gilber% R.A. (1854-
1934) to be erected in the Memorial Institute in Rajkot
(1900).77 Joseph Edgar Boehm executed the statue of Queen

Victoria for Chapeauk Park, Madras in 1887Y8 The cost of the 127
statue, B4700, was provided by Rajah Goday Naranyanan
Gujputel Rao.79 H. R. H. the Maharana Futteh Singh, K.G.C.S.I.

paid for Charles Birch's (1832-93) marble statue of Queen

Victoria for Udaipur which was completed in 1890.80 H. H. Sir
Aga Sultan Muhammad Shah Aga Khan, G.C.S.1, G.C.I.E. acted as

patron for at least four works of sculpture erected between

19 11 and 1924. They include the bronze portrait statue Of the
Prince of Wales for the front garden area of the Prince of Wales

75For details of other ws of patronage by prominent natives in India.

see J. Funeaux, Glimoses of Indio. Philadelphia and Bombay, 1895.
76B=bAy Gazette, 27 March 1869: 1; ArtJornal (1870): 12-27 and (IM):
177. Seealso Derby, 298-300.
77SeeC130.
78SO6C125.
79 Times of India (Overland Summ=), 14 June 1807:24. Seealso Derby,
350-51 and Stocker, 345.
OOPioneerMail and India Nevs. 26 February 1890:287. See also C128.
 47

Museum,Bombay,completedin 1924 (jennings%81 themarble 54-56

portrait statue of King GeorgeV by the Australian sculptor who
was working in Britain at the time, Bertram Mackennal, R.A.
(1863-1931) for the Victoria Memorial in Calcuft (191682 the
bronze equestrian statue of King Edward VII, also by 43
Mackennal, for the Victoria Memorial in Calcutta completed in

83in additionto the marblestatueof QueenMary executed

1916,.
by GeorgeFramptonfor Delhi(1911).84 Prabashankar
P. Pattni,
the Dewanof Bhavnagar,commissionedthe figure of Lord
Curzonfor the Victoria Memorial (1914) from Frederick W. 35
Pomeroy,R.A. (1856-1924).
85
Otherwealthynativeresidentsof the colonies,desiringto
publicly show their allegiance to the British Crown,
commissionedstatuesto the British monarchy of a similar scale
as those erectedby the native rulers. For example,Mr. Carrapet
and Mr. SamuelBalthazarcommissionedthe statue of the Queen
for Yangon,Myanma (1896).66 The statue, executed by F. J.
Williamson (1833-1920), cost Rs. 23,000.07 Lod Krishnadas
Balukandas,a wealthy native banker in Madras, asked George
Wade (1853-1933) to provide a bronze portrait statue of King

01SeeC54.
02SeeC48.
83seeC41.
64SeeC83.
65SeeC26.
86Rengoon
Gazem,4 January1896:
12.SeeC129.
87lbi4.
Edward VII which was to be erected at the approach to
WillingdonBridgein Madras(1903).66
In additionto providingfunds for the erectionof statues
to the monarchy and other notable figures, the native residents
also provided sites for some of the memorials. For example,in
1905, Lala Bahadur Lal gave permission to the QueenVictoria
Memorial Committee in Kanpur to demolish the grave of his
grandfather, Lala jugal Kishore,in order to make room "for the

statue [of QueenVictoria) on the best site available."89

At least one - and perhapsonly one - sculptor donated a
large piece of his work. The unfavourable outcry in London
when the statue of John Laid Mair, Ist. Baron Lawrence was
unveiled in 1882 prompted the sculptor, Boehm,to remove the
statue and replace it with another, more acceptable version.
Boehm presented the original bronze to the municipality of
Lahorewhere it was erectedat CharingCross.90 The reasonsf or
Boehm'sgenerosity remain unclear. Perhaps the sculptor felt
that tangible proof of his skill might causefuture commissions
to cometo his studio. It is uncertain whether subsequent
commissionswere influenced by the work donated to Lahore
or by , Boehm's successful completion of the

OOSee C36.
09PioneerMail jMd India New 22December1905:10-1.
9OSee ,
C78.SeealsoStocker,127-28.Thestatuehassincebeenre-located
to FoyleCollege,Londonderry,Northern Ireland.
 49

equestrian statue of Albert Edward as the Prince of Wales

unveiled in 1879in Bombay.91 36-39

The Choiceof SCUIRtOr

After :securing fund3 for a monument to be erected,

residents in these former colonies,either British or native, had

to selecta sculptor to executethe statue. As in Britain, they had
severaloptions available to them. A sculptor could be selected
through competition - either open or limited - supervised by
the funding body or through a competition managed by an
agent or other body in Britain, such as the Councilof the Royal
Academy, or informal arrangements could be made VAth an
artist through either personal acquaintanceor knovAedgeof
previous work executedfor the patron or solely on the basis of
the artisVsreputation.
Initially, subscribingcommitteesin the coloniesasked an
agent to act on their behalf in Britain in order to monitor the
progressof the commission. it must be rememberedthat in the
late eighteenth century, it was not unreasonablefor a letter to
take at least six months to reach the Indian sub-continent and a
further six months before the reply was received. The use of an
agent to establish links vAth the artistic community in Britain
was, in theory, meant to ease some of these communication
problems for the local committee. This agent %vuld approacha

91SeeC35.
 Q

supervisory body to hold a competition, select a sculptor and

oversee the completion of the work. The first competition for

public commemorative statues to be sent to Jamaica and the

Indian sub-continent were supervised by the Council of the
Royal Academy. In 1783, Stephen Fuller, Agent for the island

of Jamaica in Britain, acting on behalf of the Jamaican National

Assembly, approached Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-92), President

of the Royal Academy, requesting that the Council of the

Academy oversee an anonymous competition open to all

sculptors.92 Instead, Reynolds invited five sculptors, John

Bacon, Agostino Carlini (d. 1790), Joseph Nollekens, William
Tyler (d. 1801) and Joseph Wilton (1722-1803) to submit
designs.93 Only two responded - Bacon and Tyler - with the

commission being awarded to Bacon.94 The commission for a

statue of Governor-General Cornwallis for Madras, turned over
to the Council of the Royal Academy by the committee's agent,
Sir John Call, Ist Baronet of Whiteford, M.P. for Callington
(1732-1801), caused even less interest with only sculptor

coming forth with a model - Thomas Banks.95 There could have

been several reasons for this tack of interest amongst
the sculptors.

92Cundell,
5-6.
931bid.
941bid.
95TheDiaryof JosephFarington ed.K.Cave,12vols.,NewHavenand
,
vol.2 (January1775-August
London,1902, entryfor Monday,
1796), 2
November1795,398.
 51

Whether it was the belief that one sculptor would be favoured

regardless of who entered models, or whether it was because

the sculptors were preoccupied with the new demands to erect

monuments in St. Paul's Cathedral, or because they just did not

wish to be involved in commissions awarded through

competition remains unclear.

By the middle of the nineteenth century, it appears from
the committee news published in the colonial newspapers that
the local committees felt more able to supervise the

commissions themselves. , Whether this was because

communications and travel between Britain and the Indian sub-

continent were eased with the opening of the Suez Canal in
1865, or because the members of the committees were just
feeling more confident to handle the matters themselves, or
both, is unclear. Whatever the reasons, the local committees on
the sub-continent mostly relied on their own decisions, placing

advertisements in such British trade journals as Building News

specifying what size and type of statue they required, what
they were prepared to pay and requesting interested sculptors
to send to the sub-continen% Odrawings;sufficient in detail to

enable the committee to judge the comparative merits of the

designs."96 Some sculptors who received commissions in this

way were Mackennal for his statue of Queen Victoria for Lahore 128,129

96BuildingNows,23May1902:
735.
 52

(1900),97Wadefor anotherstatueof QueenVictoria,this time 138

for Allahabad(1905),90and Brock,for three statuesof Queen
Victoriafor Kanpur(1903),Lucknow(1904),and'Agra(1905).99 1311 133
a memberof the localcommitteeon the sub-
Onoccasion
continent would, whilst on leave in Britain, visit the studios of
several sculptors and hold informal discussionswith them on a
proposed commission.100 This was the casein 1897 when Sir
Patrick Playfair visited London-seeking a sculptor of "high
standing"to submit designsfor a statue of QueenVictoria to be
erected in Calcutta.101 George Frampton had been 130
recommended to him, by an unnamedsource,and at Playfair's
invitation Frampton travelled to Scotlandwhere the two
102 It was
discussedvarious options as to design and CoSt.
agreedthat Framptonwould send modelsto the committeein
103 In selectinga sculptor,the committeewas quite
Calcutta.
clear that they wantedone who had not previously executed
104For this reason,they rejectedthe idea of
work for Calcutta.

97SeeC131.
9OSeeC146.
99SeeC134,C139and C141,respectively.
1001have wed the term 'on leave, as it ves usedin the eighteenth,
nineteenth and Mentieth centuries by both the EastIndia Companyand
the officials of the Raj. It is meant to imply visiting or at home on
official business,or both, and not necessarily military leave as ve knov
it in the late tventiethcentury.
101Pioneer Mell end India Nevs, 7 January 1698:23.
102Ibid.
103Ibid.
104Ibid.
 53

approachingHarry Bates,A.RA. (1850-99) even though he had

successfully completed the statue of former Viceroy and
Governor-General,Marquess Lansdowne (1888-94) and the
statue of Earl Roberts for them earlier."D5 Edward Geflowski
(nd), upon hearing of the impending commission,sent drawings
based on his statue of the Queen for Singapore (1888) to a
friend on the committee, the Honourablejustice Rampindi.106
In an accompanyingletter, Geflowski stated that securing the
commission was "not a matter so much of pecuniary
Iremuneration that induced him to apply for the statue was a
matter of reputation.0107 Like Bates, Geflowski was rejected
becausehe had already executeda number of busts and statues
which were currently on display in the Town Hall.108
Ultimately, Framptonreceived the commission.
Other commissionswere awarded either through personal
acquaintanceor on the basis of the artisVs reputation. Clearly
in the caseof the memorial for the site of the Bibighar Well at
Kanpur, funded entirely by Charlotte, Lady Canning, the
decisionby Lord Granville, Lady Waterford and Lady Shelburn
to immediately contact Baron Carlo Marochetti was no

105Ibid. SeeC76and C113,respectively.

106mid.
107It>id.
10OIbid.The busts include PearyChand Mitre, (1014-83)(nd), Prosunno
CoomarTagore(1872)and RajaSir RadnankantaDeV(1783-1867)(nd).
The statuesincluded Raja Kali Krishna Dev (I ON-74) [C29I and Rai Kristo
DesPal Bahedur 0 839-84)completedin 1894[C6I
 54

coincidence. The daughters of Stuart do Rothsay, the future

Countess Canning and Lady Waterford, had begun their
friendships with the future Baroness Marochetti as children in
Paris. 109The friendship between the sculptor, Woolner, and Sir
Henry Edward Bartle Frere, Governor of Bombay, contributed to
Woolner being selected as the sculptor to execute the marble

statue of David Sassoonfor Bombay. 110 Others were chosen to 110, ill
execute commissions based on their reputation, critical acclaim
given to works shown in the summer exhibition of the Royal
Academy or by on-going prestigious commissions in Britain and

elsewhere. For'example, F. J. Williamson received a number of

commissions for statues of Queen Victoria based on his

reputation as Sculptor in Ordinary to Her Majesty and the

numerous statues he had executed of the Queen throughout'the
Empire. "' Sir George Birdwood (nd), impressed by Matthew
Noble's successful completion of the Prince Consort Monument
in Manchester (1867) was influential in securing at least three

commissions for Noble from Bombay. 112 They included the

statue of the Prince Consort (1869, Dr. Bhau Daji Lad 11-13

1091am indebted to Philip Vard-jackson for bringing this relationship

to my attention.
I 10Voolner, 839-40. SeeC47,
III An Account of the Memorials of QueenVictoria Erectedin the North-
Vestern Provinces OtIt-Idij Agra. 1905.Seealso Darby, 306,332-33,364.
112Correspondencebetveen the author and Foy Nissen,Bombay,dated4
January 1991.
 55

Museum), 113 Queen Victoria (1869, Dr. Bhau Daji Lad 119-123
MUSeUM)114and that of Albert Edward as the Prince of
Wales.115 The commission for this last monument was 36-39
ultimately awarded to Boehm following Noble's death in
1876.116
Onoccasion,the processof selectinga sculptor to execute
a statue causedsomedifficulties. For example,the committee in
Calcutta having decided to erect a statue to Lord Curzon
prevailed upon him to discusswith them the proposedsite, the
appropriate designand the sculptor thought best to executethe
work-117Personaldiscussionsbetween Sir Patrick Playfair, on
home leave in Britain, and Lord Curzon,and eventually through
a prolongedcorrespondence,testify to the uncooperativestance
taken by Lord Curzonthat lasted nearly three years.I 16 Pressed
for a decision by Sir Patrick Playfair and the Calcutta
committee, Lord Curzon finally announced that he favoured
Mackennalas the sculptor.' 19 In November 1908, Lord Curzon
acquiescedto the desires of the committee, when following

113sea cl.
114See C123.
115see C35.
1161bid. SeeaboStocker,101-02.
117See Mss,Eur.rl I1/4/1 in the IOOC,
London.SeealsoBeattie,224-30
andC25.
I 10Ibid.
119Ibid.
 56

Mackennal'sfailure to submit a final design, Thornycroft was

asked to execute the statue. 120 33,34

ChOiceOfa Site,Final Preparationsand Unveiling

Colonialresidents,proud of the statueswhich they had
wanted a prominent public site to display the
commissioned,
work. Often the site was chosen before a sculptor was
approachedto executethe statue. in most instances,the space
selected for the final installation determined what type of
monumentwasmostappropriate. In at leastone instance,the
pro)dmityof anothermoreelegantand well-known monument
dictated how a statue might be perceived and ultimately
influencedthe design. For instance,in the caseof the statueof
QueenVictoria for Agra (1905,Brock),the committeemembers
were well aware of the comparisonsthat might be drawn
between their statue of the Queen and the Taj Mahal.121
Insteadof placingthe statueof the Queenunder a largeornate
canopyas wasoriginally planned,the groupdecidedinsteadto
ask the sculptor to provide elaborate decorationsfor a fountain
the base the StatUe. 122
at of
There is no evidence to show that any of the sculptors
working in Britain ever travelled to the sub-continent in order
to supervise the installation of their work. Instead they would

120Ibid. SeeC25.
12lpioneer Mail and India Nov:, 14February 1902:22. Seealso C140.
122Ibid.
 57

senddrawings to be used by the committee in order to employ

local masons to erect the statues. For example, in the
previously mentioned statue of QueenVictoria for Agra, Brock
sent drawings to the committee so that Mr. A. Polwhele,
ExecutiveEngineer,Agra Division..could erect the statue and the
accompanyingallegorical figures in the precise order.123 In a
number of cases,the local masonswould execute the pedestal
for the statue. For example, the firm of Ostheider in Madras
constructed the 180wpedestal and steps on which Chantrey's
statue of Sir Thomas Munro (1834, The Island) was 91
positioned.124 In someinstances,the pedestal and any marble
decorations which accompanied the statue were executed,
according to the artisVs instructions, by firms in Italy and
shipped to the sub-continent For example,the firm of Messrs.
Paolo Triscornia and Co, Carrara, Italy., executed the pedestal
and all of the marble pedestaldecorationsto accompanyBrock's
statue of QueenVictoria for Agra (1905).125
The official unveiling ceremonieswere often gala affairs.
This was especially true for the statues erected to Queen
Victoria. It would appear that much advanced planning took
place,for many of the memorials were unveiled by the Prince
and Princess of Wales during one of their tours to the sub-

123Ibid.,22December1905:10.
124S.Muthiah, Hakoj&qQyug Madras,1987,97.SeeC92.
125PioneerMail and India Nevs. 22 December1905:10. SeeCHO.
 58

continent Bandsneededrehearsal,speecheshad to be written

and the statue required an appropriate cover. The local press
provided goodcoverageof the events often quoting the lengthy
speeches,listing the names of prominent members of the
community and guests in attendance, quoting the songs and
giving details on the number and types of salutes. These
ceremonies,marking the realization of numerous meetings that
might have taken place over a number of years, were social
events - grand occasions not only in celebration of the
achievementsof the individual immortalized in bronze or stone
but also the achievementsof the Empire.
 59

THREE
CHARTER

THERESPONSE PORTRAIT
TOTHEPUBLICCOMMEMORATIVE
STATUES
EXECUTED TOTHE
IN BRITAINANDEXPORTED
COLONIES
OFSOUTH
ASIA BYTHENEWLYINDEPENDENT
PEOPLE
ANDGOVERNMENTS

Commemorative Their FunctionsOutside the POsSiblO

-Statues-
Roleas an AestheticEnhancement
Commemorativestatues may, at the simplest level, be
viewed sometimes,but not always,as an aestheticenhancement
to a public park or building. For some, the steps which
surround the statues may be places of relaxation with little or
no thought to the individual portrayed, their values or their
once-hold position within a certain society. For others, the
person immortalized in stono or bronze might represent
particular values to be emulated. Similarly, the statues may
represent individuals to be worshipped. Some people might
idontify,,either in a positive or negative way.,with the physical
manifestation of power, dominion and ideology symbolized in
these works of art'

II aLm
using'ideology'tomeananyformof thoughtbeit political,moral,
philosophical, of art andideology
religiousor scientific.Fora discussion
seeJ.Berger,VW oLktint Hermondsvorth, andJ.VOlff,IM
1972
SocialProduction of Art London,1981.Volff's publicationincludesan
extensivebibliographyanda discussion vs.
of aesthetics Ideologyin art
 60

The didactic function of public monuments was

recognizedby the anonymouscompiler of the Bengal Obituary*
Or a Recordto PerRetuate,the Memory of DORartedWorth in the
History-of British- India published in 1851.2 The author stated
that memorialswere erected not only to serve the memory but
to influence the conduct of succeeding rulers on the sub-
continent thus exciting in them: "an honest spirit of
emulation.n3The author continues:

Who vAlI deny that the sight of a more

Monument has not repeatedly
inspired martial enthusiasm, the
flame of patriotism or the emulation
of genius in the youthful breast
How much more then is not a memoir ...
of the great actionsof illustrious men -
calculated to arouse attention and
-.
induce like endeavour.4

The idea that commemorativemonumentsrepresented

acts of patriotism and virtue to be acted upon by other
membersof society was not now in the nineteenth century nor
was the belief held exclusively by the British. In the eighteenth

vhich is particularly useful in vieving the vorks of commemorative

soulpture under reviev.
2 Bengel ObituarIn Or a Record to Perj&tuate the Memory of Departed
Vorth in British India, Calcutte6 1.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
 61

century, the French sculptor, Etienne-Maurice Falconet,(1716-

9 1) stated that "[statuesof great men] revive in us the feeling of
noble emulation, elevating our souls to the virtues which have
prevented these great men from being forgotten by mankind."5
The belief that commemorativesculpture functioned in a

capacitysubordinateto any aestheticconsiderationswas again

reiteratedIn Canadain the early twentieth century when the
editor of the WinniRtaTribune calledupon the citizensof the
city to supportthe erectionof statuesof heroeson the grounds
of the now LegislativeBuilding.6 The editor stated that these
immortalizedIndividualsmwouldbe an inspirationto the youth
of our land for all time and the memoryof whosedeedsand
would provokenobleimpulsesof emulation."7
accomplishments
Recognizing
this functionof public commemorative statues,it is
hardly surprising that their physical presencecan provoke
controversyfor, as JohnBergerstates:"Nothinglessis involved
than the commemoration of the presentvaluesof that society
addressedto its future."a

5 FalconatquotedIn A. Yarrington, "Nelsonthe Citizen Hero: Stateand

Public Patronageof Monumental Sculpture 1805-18. " Art HistorY vol. 6,
no. 3 (September1983):315.
6 M. Baker, S=bol In Stone: The Building of the Manitoba Legislative
Building, Vinnipeg, 1986,Ile.
7 Ibid.
8J. Berger, Art and Rewlution- Ernst Neizvestny and the Role of the
Artist in the USSRHarmondsvorth, 1969,75.
 62

SusanBeattie stated: "Portrait statues of the famous,

living or dead, erected in the open air or in buildings with
public access were potent symbols of political and moral
aspirations,evoking passionsthat were sometimesintense but
seldom aesthetic."9 Beattie's statement certainly applies to
those statues which might be construed to personify the
embodiment of, no less than the dominion by a particular
political, cultural, economicor religious ideology. H. W. Janson
has stated: "To the man in the street. a statue of Stalin &
..
Stalin."I'D Whilst this is true, it is also true that the figure of
Stalin represents more than the man he represents the
-
Communistparty just as QueenVictoria symbolized the British
Empire. Someviewers may see In the symbolic value of these
statuesnot the pride in the individual's or a particular society's
accomplishmentsbut rather, oppression. For example, those
members of society who stormed the statue of Felix
Dzerzhinskyin Moscow,during the revolt of August 1991,were

not simply attacking the individual but rather, the symbol of

the CommunistParty -a political ideology - and the KOBof
which Dzerzhinsky was the founder. By having the statue
ultimately removed from the public view, the people were
celebrating their assumed liberation from the oppression the
monument represented. In turn, those members of the

9Beattie.201.
10H.V. Janson,19thCenturySculpture,Nev York, 1985,47.
 63

populous that supported the ideology which Dzherzhinsky

representedmay have felt some anger/despair that the figure
of their hero or mentor was dismantled.
There is another way that commemorativestatues might
be viewed. The physical act of executing a statue to On
Individual immortalizes their assumed virtue, achievements,
wealth and dominion. In this respect,the person might be seen
to be elevated from a position of being a mere mortal to a god.
Richard Westmacottthe Younger,RA. (1799-1872) stated that
commemorativestatueswere the physical manifestation of men
desiring to Oproduce something which would outlive
themselves."" He continued: *The very notion of permanence,
as opposedto the finite scopeof human life, is at once a symbol
of power, and of divinity. n12 Someof the individuals honoured
by having commemorative public statues erected in their
memory were perceived by both the British and native
inhabitants on the Indian sub-continent as being more than

more mortals. The British residents openly acknowledgedthis

aspect by placing the statues of certain individuals within
temples.Forexample,the figure of Lord Cornwallisfor Bombay 27,28
(1812,Baconthe Younger)was placedwithin a structure, not

IIR. Vestmacott, *VIth Lecture of Sculpture TheoM* delivered in the

Tovn Hall, Cambridge, 17 March 1868,Cambridge, 1868.147. A transcript
of the Vestmecott lectures is held in the ritzviui&n Museum, Cambridge.
12Ibid.
 64

unlike a temple, on the grounds of Bombay Green.13 Similarly,

two other memorials dedicated to Lord Cornwallis were placed

within similar architectural structures. They were the statue

erected in Madras (1800, Banks) and the monolithic 25
sarcophagus (1824, Flaxman) erected in Lord Cornwallis'
29
mausoleumat Ghazipur.14 The figure of Hastings by Flaxman
for Calcutta was first erected in a large temple near to the
DalhousieInstitute (1828).15
The possible divine nature of the individual, either
benignor malevolent,did not escapenative perceptions.On 10
January1843,ColinMacKenzie wrote: "Wearrived in Bombay.
Theold practiceof worshippingthe statueof Lord Cornwallisis
still in high value amongthe nativesof Bombay. Little did he
anticipatedivine honoursbeing paid him after death."16 Olga
Valladares,an historianliving in Bombay,explainsthe situation
with regardto the nativesworshippingCornwallis:

When it Itho statue of Cornwallisl

stood on Bombay Green in all its
pristine glory, under arches of
masonry, erring policemen, before
answering a summons to the police
headquarters, would perform a ptyi
to this statue in the hope that it would

13seeC21.
14SeeC19end C2Zrespectively,
15SeeC66.
16C,MacKenzie,Sunshine and Storm of a Soldier, London, 1847,entry
fbr 10January 1843.
 V)

bring them a lighter sentence. The

statue was deified to such an extent
that Bombay Castle had to issue
orders against this practice. The
crowds of regular worshippers
dwindled gradually over the years,
though occasionally a garland
appearedat the baseof the StatUe.17

Other circumstances,in other geographicallocations,alsoprompted

the natives to also worship the figure of Lord Cornwallis. R.
Phillips, a member of the crow of H. M. S.Carolinenoted in his
diary on 21 October 1805 that when Lord Cornwallis'body was
interred at Ghazipurthere occurred a great thunderstorm at the
moment of burial. 16 The natives apparently took this as a sign
from their godsand Immediately beganto place offerings at the
site of Lord Cornwallis'grave.19 BesidesLord Cornwallis,others
like Queen Victoria were and are still worshipped by the
natives. Dr. Hiren Chakrabart,Curator of the Victoria Memorial
in Calcuttahas stated: "The innoconvillagers look awe struck
sometimes at the building itself [referring to the Victoria
Memorial].They know there was a white Queen. They do know
that but ah, some of them look at her [referring to Brock's

171985,34-5.
16R.Phillips, An Accountof a VoMe to In4im.Chinatetc.in Hi esty's
Sh12'Caroline'Lon4on,1806,entry for 21October1805.
19Ibid.
 66

statue of QueenVictoria inside the building] in a way as if she 146

was another goddess in their pantheon - in the Hindu
pantheon.'*20Other British figures were revered not necessarily
because of the native belief that they were benevolent
immortals but rather because they feared the spirit of the
individual. For example, when it was decided by the Public
Works Department in Delhi to remove the statue of John
Nicholson (1821-57) (1904, Brock) from its site near Kashmir 92
Gate in January, 1956, many of the %vrkmen assigned to the
task refused to comply.21 When questioned by Brigadier Perry,
SeriesOfficer of the CommonwealthWar GravesCommissionas
to why a police presencewas necessary.,the Superintendentof
Police admitted, *rather sheepishly that 'Jan Nikalsayn' had
been a very lubbordust' man, and they could not be sure that
his spirit would not return to mote out justice to those who
disturbed his restl"22
If one acceptsthe argument that commemorativepublic

statuary aggrandizes the particular political, economic or

religious ideology which it represents and that the destruction
or removal of these monumentsmight symbolize freedom from

20Chakrabartquotedfrom Calcwt C.Sykes (Producer,Director), A

Voyager Films Production for Channel Four In Associationvith TV
Ontario, YLEand the National GeographicSociety, 1990.
21This information has been supplied by Theon Vilkinson from the
unpublished diaries of Brigadier Perry held in the BACSAArchives, IOOC,
London.
22Ibid.
 67

an assumed oppression, then what can be said for the

commemorativestatues exported to the colonies of South Asia
by the British during the latter part of the eighteenthjthe whole

of the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century?

Whilst the supporters of the British reign might have looked
upon these statuesas symbols of their dominion, their relative's
or their mentor's achievements,surely they might be viewed
differently by individuals or new governments which were
'ruled'. Instead of being mere symbols of gratitude erected by
the colonial residents, either British or native, to the person
honoured,these monumentsmight well symbolize the reign of
the British over the colonizedpeoplesin addition to their power,
dominion and wealth. They could, therefore, symbolize an
oppressivepolitical rule to some,but not necessarilyall of the
newly independentpeopleand governments. With this in mind,
it might be easy to imagine that the statues of British rulers
sent to the Indian sub-continent as well as the other British
coloniesin South Asia were victims of a similar iconoclasmto
that witnessed in the present decade where monuments to
Communist rulers in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet
Union have been removed or destroyed. Imagesof the masses
tearing down the statue of Enver Hoxta in Tirana, Albania might
bring to mind a vision of Indian nationalists tearing down
statuesof QueenVictoria - the ultimate symbol of British rule -
 68

or the Governors-Generaland Viceroys immediately after

independencewas granted.
MM or Reality, Was there an lconoclasmDirected Towards
Statues of the British immediately following Indepandence
being!granted?
There is a general understanding that the people and
governments of Britain's former colonies, and most especially
those of India and Pakistan, destroyed the statues of British
individuals immediately following their being granted
independence. How or where this idea began is unclear.
Severalwriters allude to the statuesbeing abandonedor Ostored
in the back-quarters of museums."23 In 1985,JanMorris stated:
*The only major monuments to Britain's rule in India left
officially unmolestedare these [referring to Mackennal'sbronze
equestrian statue of King Edward VII (1916) and Pomeroy's 43
marble statue of Lord Curzon (1914)L at the Victoria Memorial, 35
Calcutta.024A closer inspection of Morris' text and illustrations
reveals the contradictionthat the writer has set for herself. For
example,she illustrates Boehm's statue of Queen Victoria (1887)
127
in Madrasoutside the University but does not indicate that it is
on its original sit05 The myth might well have been fostered
by some of the statues from these former colonies being re-

23Morris,185.
24Ibid.,183.SeeC41andC26,
respectively.
251bid,3. SeaC125.
 69

exported to other sites within the Old Empire. More recently,

the BBCSouthwestin Bristol has planned a documentary, jjj!
Petrified Image aligning what happened to the monuments in
Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union with an assumed
iconoclasmin India.26 Researchconducted in situ as well as
documents housed in the provincial and municipal archives,
both in India and Pakistan, in addition to first-hand written
accountsby British officials, does no% however, support the
view that there was an immediate sustained national impulse
towards Iconoclasmby the native people or now governments
towards the statuesof the British or their native supporters.
As previously stated, in January 1956,some seven years

after Brigadier
Independence, Perry, whilst taking notes and
photographs,observed employees of the Public Works
Departmentin Delhi removing the statues of Nicholsonand 92
GeneralAlexanderTaylor (1826-1912) from their pedestals
nearMori Gate. 27Onestatuewasalsoremovedfrom its original 135,136
site in Pakistanin 1956.20This was the marblestatueof Queen
Victoria (1905,Gardner)which was locatedat the junction of
29 The British, having
Mall and Murree Road, Rawalpindi.

26Correspondencebetveen the author and W TWor, Researcher,BBC

Southvest,Bristol, 22 Februwy 1992.
27SeeC96aLndC121,respectively.
28Correspondencebetveen the author and Sir Nicholas Barrington,
British High Commissionerto Pakistan, Islamabad,10Augwt 1991.
29Correspondancebetveen the author end Suerarrington, London, 4
September1991.
 70

aligned themselves with the Israelis during the Suez Crisis,

created great tension between themselves and the Pakistani
government.30 The result was the removal of the statue and
more crucially the withdrawal of Pakistan from the
31
Commonwealth.
Duringthe socialistmovementof 1958-59,a numberof
statues in Uttar Pradesh were removed to the District
Headquarters of the Police in Lucknow.32 Included in these
were the statue of Sir John Woodburn, LL-Governor of Bengal 151
from 1898-1902completedby GoscombeJohnin 1906.33Under
similar circumstances,the statue of QueenVictoria at Varanasi
was transferred to the District Headquarters of the Police in
Lucknow in 1970.34 Some thirty-four years after
Independence,beginning in 1981 and continuing in 1982, the
Uttar Pradeshgovernmentagain re-located a number of statues
from sites within the province to a storage compoundadjacent

3OCorrespondence betveen the author and Sir Nicholas Barrington,

British High Commissionerto Pakistan, Islamabad, to August 1991.
31Ibid. Pakistan has since re-joined the British Commonvealthof
Nations.
33Interviav vith Mrs. B. Narain, District OMcer of the Archaeological
Survey of India. Lucknov, 26 September1991.
33Anonymous,"Heritage Going to SeeV Timesof India. nd, np. A copy of
this article ves supplied to me by Theon Vilkinson from the BACSA
Archives, IOOC, London. SeeC166.
34Ibid. Mrs. Narain, District Officer of the Archaeological Survey of
India, Lucknov, hes identified this vork asbeing exeoutedby an Indian
sculptor. It is, therefore, not included In the catalogue.
 71

to the StateMuseum at Lucknow.35 They included the marble

statue of QueenVictoria erected in Alfred Park, Allahabad, in 138
the statueof QueenVictoria by T. Tarran (nd)
1905(Wade); 132
from Gorakpur (1903); the bronze statue of QueenVictoria by 131
Brock (1903) displaced by the portrait statue of Mohandas
KaramchandGandhi (1869-1948) in Kanpur; and the marble
statue of QueenVictoria by Thornycroft from Ajodhya (1908).
36 140,141
During this same period of time, the Public Works Department
of the Municipality of Lucknow re-located several statues from
within the citio includingthose in storageat the District
Headquartersof the Policesince 1958-59, to either the grounds
adjacentto the StateMuseumor to the basementstoragearea.37
They include the marble statue of a certain Mr. Barrow (1883,
Mullins), the bronze equestrian statue of Sir Harcourt Butler 23
(1924, Thomas), and the marble figure of Sir Digbijai Singh 112
(1907,John).
36
Documentshold by the Municipality of Bombay and the
Dr. BhauDaji Lad Museumshow that on 15 August 1965,almost
eighteen years after Independence,eight statues executed by
British sculptors were moved to the lee beside the Museum.39

35 Interviev Vith Mrs. B. Narain, District Officer of the Archaeological

Survey of India. Lucknov, 26 September1991.
36SeeC146,C136,C135and C152,respectively.
37 Interviev vith Mrs. B. Narain, Lucknov, 26 September 1991.
36 SeeCIO,Cl 5 and C117, respectively.
39 Municipal Corporation of Bombay, memorandum B352-2 dated 15
August 1965.
 72

They included 1) the bronze equestrian statue of H. R. H. the

Prince of Wales( 1878,Boehm); 2) the bronze equestrian statue 36-39
of Lord Hardingeencuted in 1920 by Herbert Hampton; 3) the 61-66
bronze statue of former Secretary of State for India, Edwin S. 89,90
Montague(nd, Riccardi); 4) the marble statue of QueenVictoria
once the focal point for Bombay Green executed In 1869 and 119-123
paid for by Albert Sassoon Obble); 5) the marble statue of Dr.
Thomas Blaney (1893, Villa); 6) the marble statue of Sir
21,22
Richard Temple completed by Thomas Brock in 1884; 7) the 117,118
marble statue of Marquess Wellesley (1814, Bacon the 148-150
Younger); and 8) the marble statue of Lord Cornwallis once 27j 28
worshipped by the natives when it was located on Bombay
Green (1812, Baconthe Younger).40 Someof the statues had
been vandalized on the evening of 12 August 1965.41 The
Municipal authorities, fearing further damage, decided to
-
remove the statues to the lee beside the Dr. Bhau Daji Lad
Mussoumfor their Safety,4Z Whether this vandalism was
the result of malicious malcontents or politically motivated
individuals was never ascertained by the municipal

40SeeC25,C62,C89,C123, C14,C122,C162, andC21,respectively.

41SeeVallederes,1985andS.Jhe,"Victimsof Anglophobia.0Afternoon
Despatchamd-Courier. 24September1992:5,19.
42 1amgrateful to both the staff of the Dr. BhaLu
DajI LadMuseumand
Mrs.Shah,HonourarySecretaryof the AsiaticSocietyin Bombay,for
confirming the Intent of the Municipal authoritiesduring interview
held In Bombayin April, 1991.
 73

authoritie3 or the police in Bombay. It is, however, important to

remember that these acts occurred two days prior to the
IndependenceDay celebrationson 14-15 August, With this in
mind, it is difficult not to see the beheading of several of the
statues as as political acts of defiance towards the former
Dritish rule.
In 1967,two statuesstanding in Kuhwar Singh Park,
formerly Hardinge Park, were removed to the Patna Museum
where they are now on display.43 They were the bronze statue
of Lord Hardinge by Herbert Hampton completed in 1915 and 60
the brorm statue of King GeorgeV by Leonard Jennings (nd).44 59
In some cities, - it is still possible to see many statues

remainingin situ For example,in Madrasas you walk down

MarineDriveyou passonestatueof KingGeorgeV at the War
Memorial while the seated bronze statue of QueenVictoria
completedby Boehmin 1887still remainson its original site on 127
tho groundsof ChapeaukPark.45 The marble statue of Eyre
Burton Powell (nd), first principal of Madras College,is still
standingunder the domeinside PresidencyCollege. 46 A little
further towardsthe Islandthe colossalequestrianmonumentto

431am grateful to A. P. 0. Taylor and the staff of the Patna Museumfor

confirming the year in vhIch the statuesvere re-located.
44SeeC61and C56,respectively.
45SeeC53and C125,respectively.
461ves not alloved a closeinspection of this statuevhile in Madras,
therefore, the name of the sculptor and possible dateare unknovn. See
C105.
 74

Sir Thomas Munro remains on its original site (1834,91

Chantroy).47 Across the Willingdon Bridge there is the bronze

status of King Edward VII (1903, Wade) and further on there

40
standsanother statue of King GeorgeV at the Flower Poll Bazaar
Station (1918, MaCk$nnal),40 In another direction, the bronze 53
monument of GeorgeFrederick Samuel Robinson,Lord Ripon, 108
K.G. (1827-1909) stands on its original site in front of the
headquartersof the Corporationof Madras, formerly known as
the Ripon Building (1915, Wood).49 The same is true for
Bangalorewhere the statues of Queen Victoria (1905, Brock) 134
and King Edward VII, also by Brock (nd), along with the 42
equestrian monument of Sir Mark Cubbon (1784-1861) 31
completedby Marochettiin 1865 are still, as originally
intended, prominent landmarks in the city's central park
area.50 In Mysore,the standingbronzeportrait statue of Sir
JamesDavidsonGordon(1823-89), Residentat Mysore from
1881-82,still remainsin GordonParkwithin the groundsof the
University of Mysore (nd, Ford).51 The marble statue of Sir
Robert North Collie Hamilton (1802-87), Resident at Indore
from 1844-57ois situated outside the front entranceto the
Central Museum in Indore as is Frampton's marble standing

47C92
40 SeeC36and C50,respectively.
49CIll
5OSeeC141,C39and C24,respectively.
5 SeeC59.
 75

portrait statue of Queen Mary (1911) in the East Loggia of

Raisini Bhavan,the Residenceof the President of India, in Now
Delhi.52 Only four statues of either the Monarchy or a British
individual, however, remain on their original sites in Calcutta.
The bronzeequestrianstatue of King Edward VII by Mackennal 43
(1916) still standson the arch leading to the rear of the Victoria
Memorial.53 Within view of this monument is the marble statue
of Lord Curzon on its original site at the rear gardens of the

museum (1914, Pomeroy). 54 The third work is the portrait 35

statue of David Hare, founder of the Hindu Collegein Calcutta,

subscribed by the native residents of the city, standing on the

grounds of the College. 55 The fourth remaining statue in

Calcuttastanding as originally intended is Marshall Wood's(nd)
marble statue of a young QueenVictoria in the Indian Museum 124-126
on ChowringheeRoad (1877).
56 In Bombay, the marble statue
of ThomasOrmiston (nd) (1885, Mossman),former Dean of the
94
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Bombay, remains as
originally intended on the grounds of the University as does the
heroic marble statue of Baron Sydenham of Comte (1848-7),
Governorof Bombayfrom 1907-13, inside the entrance to the

52SeeC60and C83,respectively.
53SeeC41.
54SeeC26.
55SeeC65.
56saaC124.
 76

I ScienceMuseum (1919, Brock).57 Inside the Old Town Hall, now

the Municipal,Library and the long-time headquartersof the

Asiatic Society, the marble figures of the British remain

prominently displayedVAthinthe building alongsidethose of

severalnative individuals,suchas jamsetjoejeejeebhoy(1865,72,73
Marochetti), whose generosity assisted with various civic
projects through the City.50 The way in which the statues have
been arranged is similar to those in The Sculpture Hall in
Manchester'sTown Hall. The heroic marble figure of John, Lord
Elphinstons, Governor of Bombay from 1853-59, by Foley
45-47
standson the ground floor of the building at the entrance to the
Asiatic Society (1864).59 Directly inside the door stands
Chantrey'sfigure of Sir John Malcolm (1769-1833), Governorof
79,80
Bombay from 1826-33 (1836).60 Positioned around the walls
are busts and statuesof other individuals who devoted much of
their effort to the developmentof the City and to the Asiatic
Society. They include Chantrey'sstanding marble figure of
MountstuartElphinstone,Governorof Bombayfrom 1819-27
48,49
(1833), ThomasWoolner'smarble statue of his friend, Sir Bartle
Frere, another Governor of Bombay (1872). Chantrey's seated
52
marble figure of StephenBabington(1827) as well as the seated 16,17

57C,99and Cl 19,respectively
5OSeeC71-3.
59seeC43.
60seeC81.
 77

figure of CharlesNorris (1791-1842), secretary to the Bombay 93

government and member of the Council,completed by Theed in
1848.61
Thesestatementsare not to deny that a largenumberof
public commemorativestatues have been displacedto other
sites. The reasons for the re -locations are numerous. Some
statues have been moved for their own safety so as to prevent
acts of vandalism; others seem to have been re-located to
remove any physical manifestation of the British presence. Still

others have been removed to compoundswhile museum, state

or municipal officials decide who has jurisdiction over the

works. For example,thirteen monumentsoncelocatedwithin

the city of Calcuttahave been re-locatedto Barrackpore.The 8
bronzeequestrianstatueof Lord Canningbegunby JohnFoley
and completedby ThomasBrockin 1874wasre-positionedto a
site on the PoliceHospitalgrounds overlookingthe grave of
6z Philip Daviescommentedon the
Charlotte,Lady Canning.
of feeling shown by the Indian authorities" when
mdelicacy
they positionedthe figure of Lord Canningnear to his wife's
63
grave. Daviesaddedthat this was *a fitting tribute to a man
whose clemencydid much to reunite India and to salve the

61SeeC44,C47,C5,andC97,respectively.
62SeeC16.
63Davies,
1987,84.
 78

wounds inflicted by the MUtiny.*64 William MacMillan's (1887-

1977) bronze statue of King GeorgeV (1938) originally located

opposite Outram Ghatnow stands at the entrance to the Temple

of Fame facing the Hoogli River.65 Under the side portico of the
Temple of Fame, protected from the elements, stands the
marble figure of Sir William Peel (1824-58), commander of H.
M. S. Shannon(1863, Theed the Younger).66 On the grounds
adjacent to the Temple of Fame are four bronze equestrian
statues. They include GoscombeJohn's statue of Gilbert John
Elliot-Murray Kynynmount, the 4th Earl of Minto, Viceroy of 86-88
India from 1905-10(1914);Boehm'sstatueto RobertCornelius,
FieldMarshall,Lord Napierof Magdala(1810-90)completedin
1880; Thomycroft'sstatue to RichardSouthwellBourke,6th
Earlof Mayo,Viceroyof India from 1869-72unveiledin 1875; 84
Harry Bate'sstatueof MarquessLansdowne,Viceroy of India
from 1888-94(1900);andthe monumentto Sir JohnWoodburn,
Lt.-Governorof Bengalfrom 1898-1902by Frampton (nd).67
Directlyacrossthe main gardenareafrom the Templeof Fame
on the groundswhich surround Old FlagstaffHouse,now the
country residence of the Governor of West Bengal, stand five
portrait statues. They are K. Scotts bronzestatue of Ed%ft S.

64Ibid.
65seeC52.
'56SOIBC101.7118
Value VW COMPletedbYVilliaM Theedthe Younger
(1840-90in 1063.
67SeeSeeC88,C94,C85.C76and, C167,respectively.
 I

Montaguewhich standsbesidethe figure of Sir JohnLawrence,

Viceroyof India from 1864-69by ThomasWoolner(1875).66
The three remaining statues are those of Lord Ronaldshay,
Governorof Bengalfrom 1917-22 (1923, Tweed),Thornycroft's
bronze statue of Lord Curzon which originally stood on
Calcutta'sMaidan (1911) and Boehm'sbronze representing
ThomasGeorgeBaring,2nd Baronand Ist Earl of Northbrook
(1826-1904),Viceroy of India from 1872-76.69Whilst all of
thesestatuesare out of the public view with accessrestricted
by the Governor'sSecurityDivision,they remain, however,in
good conditionon the brick plinths erectedwhen they were re-
located. The gardenareaswhich surround them are kept in
immaculateorder.
Nowherein India do the portrait statuesof the British -
either that of the Monarchyor thoseof Crownofficials - look
moreforlorn than thosere-locatedto the site of the OldDurbar
in Delhi. In 1982 the remaining statues lining New Delhi's
boulevardsor standingIn the gardensof the public parks were
removed to the site of the Old Durbar with the intent of
a
establishing major tourist attractionfor the City.70 The areais
hardly a tourist attraction - even the Director of the
ArchaeologicalSurvey of India, Dr. W. H. Siddhiqui, when
6OSae
C90andC77,respectively.
69SeeC114,C25and C98,respectively.
70Information In a letter to the author, from B. Narain, Advocatefor the
SupremeCourt,Nev Delhi, 5 June 1992.
 vv

questioned about the scheme, was unable to provide

informationrelating to the stauesre-instatementor, indeed,'if
they still survived. Theofficesof the British High Commission
in NowDelhiwere equallyunableto provide information as to
the location. When located, the site proved to be rather
macabre.71 Vast numbersof empty mortar
pedestals, falling
apart,keepcompanywith a 'few' statuessuchas KingGeorgeV
(1934, Jagger),Lord Hardingealso by Jagger(1928) and the
bronzefigure of Lord Willingdon(d. 1934)completedin 1936
(Dick).72 This site, of all the areaswhere statuesof the British
havebeenre-located,deservesthe nameit is popularlyknown
by; 'TheGraveyardof the Statues'.
Variousmonumentslanguishin municipalstorageor in
compounds adjacent to the museums while curators try to

resolve problems of ownership and responsibility for

conservation and exhibition. For example, the statues of Queen

Victoria (1905) and King Edward VI I (19 17) by Thornycroft are
in municipal storage in Karachi.73 The bronze statue of Queen
Victoria by Brock (1905) erected in Agra has been removed.,
along with three others from the Agra Division, to the Police
711am indebted to the Rev. Ian Veatherall, Brotherhood House,Delhi for
helping me locate the statues. It vas pointed out to me, by Dr. V. H.
Siddhi-qui,during an interviev in Nov Delhi on 29 September1991, that
many of the statuesmay have been looted for profit just asvorks of
cculpture on Hindu temples in the area have been pillaged.
72SeeC55,C63and C163,respectively.
73Correspondencebetveen the author and SueFarrington, London, 8
October1991.SeeC145and C42,respectively.
 81

74Thecurator,
Linesat Muttra. of theFortMuseum in Madras,
Ms.Sathybahma hasin her storage
Rao, sheda bronze figure
of LordWillingdon,
Governorof Madrasfrom 1919-24, once
Dick), 75
attheapproach
located to theWillingdon
Bridge(1936,
Thestatues toa storage
re-located compoundoutsidetheState
Museumin Lucknowhave been mentioned. They await funds
to establisha British wing of the Museum.
Other statues of either the Monarchy or British
individuals still occupy prominent public sites although they
have beenshifted from their original locations. In Colombo,Sri
Lanka,for example,the marble statuesof QueenVictoria (190 1,
Wade)and Sir EdwardBarnes(1776-1838) (1846, Weekes)are
now located'on the groundsof the PresidentialResidence.
76 The
two standing portrait statues of'Sir Stamford Raffles (1781-
1826) (1887, Woolner) are situated in well-known locations
77 The marble statue is located at North Boat
within Singapore.
Quayand the bronze is in front of the Victoria Memorial Hall,
The bronze statue of Sir Francis Light (1740-99), founder'of
PulauPinangfor the EastIndia Companyin 1786,now standsin
front of the Pulau Pinang State MUSeUM. 78 The statue,
originally erectedon a high pedestalin front of Fort Cornwallis,

74SeeC140.
75SeeC164.
765ee C133and Ca,respectively.
77SeeC106and C107,respectively.
76SeeC79.
 82

was removed to an undisclosed site for safety during World

,
War I J,79 After the war, the statue was moved to the grounds

of the Supreme Court before being Installed on its present site

in December, 1978P Tho trustees of the Victoria Memorial,

Calcutta, re-erected a number of statues, once positioned in

various locations vAthin the city, to the garden areas

surrounding the museum. They include Frampton's bronze

statue of Queen Victoria (1901) as well as his bronze standing 130

figure of Sir Andrew Leith Fraser, Lt. -Governor of Bengal from 51
1903-08 (1911), Westmacott's bronze portrait statue of
Governor-General Sir William Bentinck (1774-1839), Governor- 19,20
General from 1834-35 (1839), Wood's bronze portrait statue of
Lord Ripon (1915) and John Foley's bronze equestrian statue of 107
Sir JamesOutram (1806-63) of 1873P 95
Other commemorative statues to the British have been

placedin museumsfor exhibition. For example,the bronze

figure of QueenVictoria (1900) by Mackennalwhich was once 128,129
locathdat CharingCross,Lahore,Pakistan,is now part of the
central display of the StateMuseumin Lahore.
02 The marble
figure of Lord Cornwallis(1800)by Dankswhich oncestoodon 25
the ParadeGroundsof Fort St Georgeis now locatedInsidethe

dauPinen&2,no. 5 (1990):26.
79"TheFrancisLight Memorial." Px:
VIM.
8 'see C100.
02SeeC131.
 83

Fort Mu3eum, Madras.63 Noble's bronze statue. of - Brigadier-

GeneralJamesNeill (1810-57) of 1860, originally located near
the GymkanaClub, is now in the National Museum, Madras.64
Inaidw thqr Victoria Mmorial, thv leLrgv3tmuaeum in India
dedicatedto the housingof the relics of British imperialism, are
a number of works. Certain of those included are Tweed's
marble statue of Robert Clive of 1913, Brock's statue, Queen 24
Victoria as a YoungGirt (1921), Frampton'smarble statue of 146
QueenMary(1911),Fla=anS Statueof WarrenHastings(1928)
and Mackennal's
marble portrait status of King GeorgeV
(1916).
05
Theseobservationsare not to deny the fact that
numerous statues sent to the former colonies of Britain have
been removed or vandalized, or both, or are simply untraced.
There are no statues remaining in Myanma. Some residents can

remember seeing the marble statue of Queen Victoria (1895) by

F. J. Williamson in Fytche Square as children. 06 Whether it was

the military guanta controlling the country since independence
in 1948 which wanted to remove any visible reminders of their
former colonial status or the occupying forces of the Japanese

Usee C19.
04See C95.
05SOO C17,C156. C84,C66,mid C48,reMctively.
061amindebtedto the CanadianHigh Commission in Yangon,Hyanme,
for providing this information andfor confirming that no statuesto
either the British monarchy or British citizensremain standingin
Myenma.SeeC129.
 84

during WWII that removed the statues remains unclear.

Severalstatues of QueenVictoria appear to have been
destroyedduring WWII by the Japanese.For example,there
were originally five statuesof QueenVictoria in StatueSquare,
HongKong. 07Today,only oneof these(1890,Raggi)survivesin 10
Victoria Park, Happy Valley Causewayon the Island.86 With
regardto this particularstatue,an unidentifiedmilitary officer
in the Japanesearmy in Tokyo contacted the Hong Kong
governmentin 1946 after finding the statue stored in the
SakurajimiWarehouse,OsakaArmy Arsenal.09 The memorial
wassubsequentlyreturnedto HongKongin Octoberof the same
year.90 The safety of the statue of QueenVictoria in Pulau
Pinang,Malaysia(1930, unknown), has been attributed to a 147
japanese'armyofficer, IshikawaTatsuzo(1905-85),who had a
four-sidedsip boarderectedaroundthe statuefor he felt the
image "of far too much historical and -artistic value to be
shippedto Japanfor recyclinginto bullets.091

07CorreSpondenCe ImMeen the author and SueFarrington, London, 7

February 1992.
06Ibid.
Marby, 337.
90Ibid.
1)1"Victoria Green Perpetuated." Pulau Pin=&. Z no. 5 (1990):11.
Ishikava ves a novelist. He vrote several booksabout VVI 1. He vas
once subjectedto criminal punishment in Japan for vriting enti-var
material. Information in a letter to the author. from Ikuhiko
Yamashita.Director General,Port and Harbour Research Institute,
Yosaka.Japen.23 October1991. SeeC157.
 85

Somestatuesweresentto other parts of the Empirevvith

the assistanceof the Indian government For example,the
bronze equestrian statue of King Edward VII for New Delhi 41
( 19 11 Brock) was presented to the city of Toronto, Ontario,
,
Canadawhere it was unveiled in Queen'sPark on 24 May
1969.92 The statue of Lawrence (1882, Boehm) originally
erected in Charing Cross, Lahore, Pakistan, was sent to
Londonderry,Northern Ireland, where it now stands within the
grounds of Foyle College.
93 The statue of Lord Reading
completed by Jaggerfor Now Delhi in 1928 now adorns King
GeorgeV Park in Reading,Borkshire.94 RelatiVeSOf ViSCOUnt
Hardinge had the bronze equestrian statue erected in his
honour In Calcutta (1868, Foley) returned to the United 68
95
Kingdom.
The majority of the monuments sent to the colonies

%tich were vandalizedwere those erectedto QueenVictoria,,

the obvious symbol of the British Empire. Certain acts of
vandalism occurredprior to Independenceand resulted in some

92SeeC37. I am indebted to Foy Nissenfor assisting me in locating this

statue.
93Stocker, 128. SeeC78.
94J.Darke,The Monument Guideto England and Vales, London, 1991,152.
SeeC108.
95Thisinformation has been supplied by Benedict Read. Readhas also
mentioned that the family of Viscount Hardinge ere discussing vith the
National Trust the possibility of re-locating the statueto one of the
Trust's properties in Britain for public display. No confirmation of this
move has been forthcoming. SeeC64.
 86

embarrassmentto Crown officials. For example, the statue of

QueenVictoria in Bombay (1869, Noble) was first vandalized in 119-123
1876 when the Chaphekarbrothers poured tar over the figure
when they were refused a place in the army.96 British officials,
desiring to hide the defilemen%covered the statue and posted a
twenty-four hour guard around it until it was cleanedof the tar

- something that proved rather difficult to 97

accomplish. In
fact, the statue was not ready for a second unveiling until
November 1898.96 In what would appear to be a clear act of
defiance towards the, British, political activists in Delhi poured
tar over Alfred Turner's (1874-1940) statue of QueenVictoria
(1903), situated outside the Town Hall in 1905.99Placardswith

slogans denouncing the British presence in India were also

placed around the figure.100 The marble statue of Queen
Victoria in Nagpurwas vandalizedon 13 November 1908 (1906,139
Hampton).101 The surface of the statue was painted with tar,
the sceptre smashedand the nose broken.102 The defacing of
the memorial caused an outrage amongst local citizens, both
British and native.103A reward of Rs. 500 was posted and the

96ValWares,33. SeeC123.
97Ibid, 32. SeealsoJha.5.
98Ibid.
99PionearMail and India Novi 2 January1903:11.SeeC134.
1001bid.
101Ibid, 20November1908,14.SeeC149.
102Ibid.
103Ibid.
 87

Maharajaof Sirgujaoffered to provide the funds necessaryfor a

twenty-four hour guard around the StatUe.104 Other figures of
the Queenhave had their noses broken off and presumably
smearedwith tar, a sign of great resentment in India. Whether
this was a wanton act of destruction by malcontentsor an act of
deliberate defiancetowards the government remains unclear.
The only statue on the Indian sub-continent to have been
violated during the first year of Independenceappears to be
that of the Anizel of the Resurrection in Kanpur (1865,15
Marochetti) which was damagedduring celebrations on 14-15
Prior to IndependenceDay, the Uttar Pradesh
August 1947.1105
government had opened the area, normally restricted to
Europeans,to the general public. 106They also stated that they
would take precautions so that the statue would come to no
harm during the celebrations of 14-15 August 1947.107
However,the statue was desecratedby malcontentswho poured
tar over the figure,100The Uttar Pradesh government and the
Kanpur Congress Party apologized to the local European
residents and provided the funds for the cleaning of the
statue.109The figure was shortly removed,at the request of the

1041bid,11December1908,28.
105seeQ for details.
106Correspondencebetvaen the author and ZooYaRand,London, 7 June
1990.
107Ibid.
100Ibid,
109Ibid.
 88

European community, along with gravestones from the

cemetery,to the compoundof All Soul'sChurch.110

1101bid.
 89

CONCLUSION

The purpose of this thesis has been to provide a

discussion and a detailed catalogue of the public
statues
commemorative exported from Britain to her former
coloniesin South Asia - India, Malaysia,Myanma,Pakistan,
Singaporeand Sri Lanka- betweenthe years 1800and 1939.
it was intended, where possible,to documentthe physical
of
characteristics the statuesas well as providing information
on the funding and the patron. Particular attention has been
paid the provenance of the statuesin order to determine to
_to
what extentthesestatues,symbolizingthe wealth and poweras
well asthe presenceof imperialisticcolonialrule, survived both
during the reign of the British and immediatelyfollowing the
grantingof the colony'sindependence.
Numberof Commemorative to SouthAsia
StatuesEXPorted
The researchwhich was conductedbetween January
1990and December1992has,thus far, revealedone hundred
and sixty-eight commemorativestatuesexportedfrom Britain
to her formercoloniesin SouthAsia. Of theseone hundredand
sixty-eight statues, three were sent to Malaysia, four to
Myanma,sevento Pakistan,three to Singaporeand three to Sri
Lanka. The remaining one hundred and forty-five were

commissionedfor location on the Indian sub-continent, which

includes the modern states of India and Pakistan. Of these,
forty-eight were for the city of Calcutta; thirty-two were
commissionedfor Bombay;sixteen were erected in Madras; and
twelve were sent to Delhi/Now Delhi. The remaining forty-
seven were commissionedfor various geographical locations
within the sub-continent such as Rajkot, Nagpur, Patiala and
Karachi.

The subjectsof the commemorationvaried. Of the total

number of commemorative statues erected in the former

colonies,fifty-eight were dedicatedto the British monarchy - or
appro)dmatelyone-third. Of these fifty-eight, thirty-eight were
erected in celebration of the reign of Queen Victoria. Nine
statueswere dedicatedto King GeorgeV; eight immortalized the
memoryof KingEdwardVil; only one was erected in memory of
King GeorgeVI. QueenMary was commemorated in two works.
Of the remaining one hundred and nine statues, ninety were

erected to the British with only nineteen being commissioned to

native philanthrophists, civic leaders or the occasional
maharaja.
Funding
The funding for the statues, of both British and native
individuals, camefrom various sources. Of the one hundred and
sixty-six statues, only one memorial, the Angel of the
 91

Resurrection (1865, Marochetti) was funded entirely by a

15
British citizen, Charlotte,Lady Canning. The bronze equestrian

statue of John Laird Mair, Ist Baron Lawrenceof 1882 was

donatedby the British sculptor,Sir JosephEdgarBoehm,to the
municipality of Lahore. One memorial, the monolithic
sarcophagus for MarquessCornwallis'tomb at Ghazipur(1824,29
Flaxman)was provided by the Court of Directorsof the East
India Company in London. In comparison, seventeen
monuments- all erected to the British monarchy - were
andpaid for by individual native residents.
commissioned
Public subscriptions accounted for the majority of the
funding for statues being commissioned. Available evidence
indicates that fourteen public statues were funded by
subscriptionsraised by British residents; twelve were funded
through public subscriptions raised by the native community.
Sixty-sevenstatueswere erectedthroughthe joint sponsorship
of both the native andthe British community.
Three statues were commissioned by municipal
governments. The funding for the remaining fifty statues
unclear.
remains
It is difficult to ascertain to what extent the native population
participated in the subscriptionsof the sixty-seven statues
erectedby the joint sponsorshipbetweenthe British and native
community. Certainevidenceindicatesthat native headsof
 92

state were instrumental in funding, to a large extent, statues

planned by certain local subscription, committees usually
chaired by a prominent British citizen. For example,when Lord
Minto decidedto raise a public subscription in order to erect the
King Edward VII Memorial (1911,, Brock), Rs. 5000 was
41
designated as the maximum amount an individual could
contribute to the fund. ' Of the contributors, only one British
individual, Lord Minto, donated Rs. 1000.2,On the other hand,
twenty-eight native heads of state donated the maximum, Rs.
5000, for the memorial to be erected.3 In certain other
instances,such as the statue of QueenVictoria to be erected in
130
Calcutta( 1901, Frampton)and the statue of QueenVictoria to
be erectedat the entranceto CubbonPark in Bangalore(1905,134
Drock),nativeheadsof state provided,at leasthalf of the funds
requiredin order that the localcommitteescouldproceedvAth
their plans.4 The lavish spendingon these statues,either by
individual native , patrons or as participants in public
subscriptions,either jointly with the British or entirely within
the nativepopulation,underlinesthe desireof the native heads
of stateto publicly displaytheir supportfor British rule. This is
not so surprising. It was, after all, the British Crown-that

SeeC37.
Ibid.
3 Ibid.
SeeC132andC24,respectively.
 93

allowed these leadersto maintain their wealth and some of

their dignity and position within the governedcoloniesuntil
independence
wasgranted.
during the British Reign,1858to 1947
Actsof Iconoclasm
Fromall the availableevidence,it would appearthat few
statues were victims of acts of iconoclasmduring the British
reign between 1858 and 1947. Thus far, the only statues
known to have been vandalized were those dedicated to Queen
Victoria. They include the figure of QueenVictoria executedby
MatthewNoblefor Bombayin 1869which wascoveredwith tar
119-123
by the Chephekarbrothers in 187605 the statue of -Queen
Victoria erectedoutsidethe Town Hall in Delhi (1902,Tumor)
whichwasvandalizedin 19056and the statueof QueenVictoria
by HerbertHamptonerectedin Nagpur(1906) which was also
139
coveredwith tar,,the nosebroken and the sceptresmashedin
1908.7
Acts of IconoclasmImmediately Following the Granting of
lndeR!
ndence
There is only one case in which it is clear that the
nationalsof a newly independentIndia causeddamageto a
statue erected by the British immediately following
independence.The statuewas The Ancrelof the Resurrection
15
5SeeC123.
6SeeC136.
7SeeC149.
 94

(1865,Marochetti)providedto coverBibighar Well, the site of

the massacreof the British women and children during the
6
Uprisingsof 1857-58in Kanpur,by Charlotte,Lady Canning.
The statue was damaged during independence day
9
colebrations. to
Repairs the statuewere paid for by the Indian
Governmentand the KanpurCongressCommitteewith profuse
made
apologies to the localBritish 10
residents.

An evaluationof the provenanceof the statuesimplies

that there were some regional variations with regard to the
native reaction to the statues. Commemorative statues
dedicated to the British have,,for the most par% remained as
originally intended in regions in the south of India, Madras and
Bangalore,in particular. Of those removed from their original
sites and unaccounted for, the principal cities where this

occurred are Calcutta and Delhi/New Delhi, the two former

capitals of British India. The greatest acts of iconoclasmappear

to have taken placein the areaswhere communal consciousness
and provincial patriotism were the strongest. For example,the

cities where statues have been displaced from the public view
or are untraced is greatestin the area of the nationalist uprising
of 1857-58, extending from Calcutta and Barrackpore in West

&See
C3.
9 Ibid.
lolbid.
 95

Bengal to Delhi/New Delhi including the provinces of Bihar,

Uttar Pradeshand Agra. There is, in addition, other evidence
from these areas that suggestsa strong anti -British attitude by
the natives. For example,in Patna,Bihar, HardingePark, named
after the former Viceroy, was re-named Kunwar Singh Park

after the Rajput hero from jagadishpur who led the Bihar

movement against the British in 1857-58. In Kanpur, Uttar

Pradesh, the area around Bibighar Well where the British
women and children were massacredand where the statue of
tho Ancrelof the Resurrection (1865, Marochetti) was erected, 15
was originally known as the Memorial Gardens. It was

renamed, some time after independence, Nana SahebPark in

memory of the leader of the revolt against the British. In a

clear, act of defiance to the former British regime, a portrait
statue of Tantia Topi, another leader of the revolt, was placed
on the original site of Marochetti's statue over the well where
the British were buried shortly after Independence,I
DatesRojarding!the Re-locationof the Statues
The years in which statues of the British were removed
from their original sites reveal that rather than an immediate
iconoclasm,there was a delayed reaction. For example, in
Delhi/New Delhi,the last capital of British India and the capital
of an independent India, the most important rallying point for

11Interviev vith A. P.0. Taylor,Grantham,15February1992,

 96

the insurgentsleadingthe uprising of 1857-58and the centre

of the All India Strikeof 1919,it was not until January,1956,
that the statuesbeganto be removed as detailed in chapter
three. This mayl in- part, be attributed to the fact that
immediatelyfollowing independence,
India and Pakistanwere
involved in a prolongedcivil war. The implicationis that the
now nationals of both states were so immersedin their own
hostilitiesagainstoneanotherthat they may not have had the
time or the interes%or both, to contemplateany dissatisfaction
with their former British administrators.As has beenindicated
in chapter three, it was follovAng the Indo-Pakistani War of
1971 that most of the statues,and specifically those in Calcutta
and Bombay,were removed to make way for statues of national
heroesto be erectedon these prominent sites.

The researchWch was conductedIn situ does not

supportthe generallyhold belief that the monumentserectedto
British citizensor their native supporterswere, for the most
part, victimsof any actsof iconoclasm
either during the reign of
the British,immediatelyfollowingthe grantingof independence
or in subsequentyears. Rather,the facts are revealingfor they
demonstratethat out of one hundredand sixty-six monuments
sent to the former coloniesonly twenty-two remain untraced.
Theseinclude one which was sent to Malaysia,four sent to
 97

Myanmaand eighteento India. Of the eighteenmissing in

India, thirteen were originally located in Calcutta. They are:

C6,RaiKristoDasPaulBahadur(1894,Geflowski)
C7,ColonelBaird (nd,Philip)
C11,Sir SteuartBayley (nd,Thornycroft)
C27,LordDalhousie(1863,Brodie)
RajaKatiKrishnaDev(nd,Geflowski)
C28..
Q 1,MarquessDufferin0 890,Boehm)
C32,Maharajaof Durbhanga(1904,Ford)
C33,SirEdwardHydeEast (1828,Chantrey)
C34,SirAshleyEden(1887,Boehm)
C51,KingGeorgeV09 18,Thornycroft)
C58,SirHariraamGoenka(1938,Wilcoxson)
C75,LordKitchener(nd, Wood)
C165,Wilsor,(Stooll)

Four which were commissioned for Delhi/Now Delhi remain

untraced. They include:

V (1916,Mackennal)
C49,KingGOorge
C96,Brigadier-GeneralJohnNicholson(1904, Brock)
92
C121,Central Sir Alexander Taylor (19 14,Hartwell)
C136,QueenVictoria (1902,Turner)
 98

Onestatueis missingfrom SouthIndia at Mysore. It is the

bronzeequestrianmonumentof the Maharajaof Mysoreby
EdwardOnslowFord, R.A. (1852-1901)(nd).12
Thus,outof eighteen
statues in India,five were
untraced
erected to Indian nationals with the remaining twelve erected
to British individuals. There is, however, evidence to support

the view that the eighteen missing memorials in India may be

reduced substantially. As has been previously mentioned, the
West Bengal Tourism Board in Calcutta has stated but,, has given

no details or offered confirmation, that there are a number of

statues of British individuals stored in a warehouse awaiting re-
location to the Salt Lake suburb of the city. Mr. Bhaskar Ghose,
Secretary of Culture, Ministry of Human Resource Development,
Government of India, Now Delhi, has, however, stated that he is

aware of at least eight statues stored in a Public Works

Department warehouse in Calcutta.13 If this information is

correct then the thirteen statues believed to be missing from

Calcutta can be reduced in number to perhaps five. In addition

it is thought that the bronze equestrian statue of the Maharaja

of Mysore is part of the family collection housed in the storage

area of the Palace in Mysore. I have boon unable to confirm

12seeC93.
13Intervievt>etveenB.NarainandMr.BhaskarGhose.15June1992,
NovDelhi.ThisInformationvasconveyedto theauthorin a lettarfrom
B.Neredn dated7 JWy1992.
 99

this. Keepingthesefiguresin mind, it is possiblethat only nine

memorialsexportedto India.out of one-hundred and forty-
three remain untraced. It is, therefore, apparent that
whicheverof the figures is correct - eighteenor nine missing
out of one hundredforty-three, there was no massdestruction
of commemorativestatueserectedto the British either during
tile time of their reign, Immediatelyfollowing the granting of
independenceor in recentyears.
It wasstated in chapterthree that there are no statues
remainingin Myanma.It is unclearwhetherthis wasa planof
the Myanmagovernment to removeany tracesof their former
rulers
colonial or whether it was a result of the Japanese
of thecountryduringWorldWar11.
occupation
one,the marble
Ofthe sevenstatueserectedin Pakistan,
statue of Sir Hugh ShakespearBarnes,Agent to the Governor-
Generalfrom 1896-1900 by OnslowFord was destroyed in the
1935 Quetta earthquake.14 Of the remaining sh; one was
returned to the United Kingdom, one was given to the British
High Commissionin Islamabad,one is on display in a museum,
one remains in situ with two in store.
All of the known statues commissionedfor Sri Lanka are

account*d for with one standing on its original site; the other
two have been re-located to the grounds of the residenceof the

14Sig@
C9.
 100

President All three of the statues sent to Singapore eidst,

although,they haveall beenmovedon occasion,

Of the three statues identified as being exported to
Malaysia,the figure of QueenVictoria by a yet-to-be-identified
sculptor remainsas originally intended on Victoria Greenin 147
Pulau Pinang (1930),15the figure of Francis Light has been
77A
moved several times vAthin the same city (1939, WJICOXSon)16

and the statue to R. S. Frowd Walker (nd) originally erected in

Perak(1912,Hartwell)is untraced.17
The fact that almost the entire programme of
monumental sculpture sent from Britain to South Asia eidsts -
either in store, in museumsor in areas adjacent to museums,or
In situ defiesthe argumentthat theseworks of commemorative
statuary suffered the same fate as those monuments destroyed
by frenzied crowds in EasternEuropeor the SovietUnion within
the recentpast I amnot totally qualifiedto,expoundon why
the newly independentpeople and governments ,of these
former coloniesof Britain did not purge all of the
commemorativestatuaryerectedto the glory of their former
rulers for it is they who are the viewer and not 1, their
occasional guest, Many are hard-pressed to explain the
phenomena to me %tere some statues were removed and
I

15seeC157.
16SeeC79.
17SeeC159.
 101

others, like Thomas Brock's Victoria as a Young Girl (192 1) in

146
the Victoria Memorial, Calcutta, are still revered. 16 As

previously stated, the Director of the Victoria Memorial has, on

a number of occasions,related the fact that Queen Victoria has

entered, for some, the pantheon of the Hindu gods with
devotees coming to the museum to see or worship their former
'white' queen.19 S. Muthiah has clearly enunciated why the

statue of Sir Thomas Munro (1834, Chantrey) should remain on

91
its prominent site on the Island in Madras. He states: "This

statue historians trust will be allowed to remain for ever, for,

over a century before Independence, Munro was one of the first
to present the Indian case to the rulers. "20 Muthiah continues
by saying that the statue remains a proud monument to a just

administrator. 2I It is clear, however, even from the view of a

non-Indian national, that certain men, like Munro, remain as
highly regarded in the late twentieth century as they were in
the nineteenth century. It is equally clear that men like Colonel
James George Smith Neill who were unmerciful in their attacks

on the native population during the nationalist uprising in

1857-58 were not respected and as a consequence,their statues
have been removed. Others, like Neill, associated with the

IOSee
C156.
19calcwt 1990.
20Muthiah, 1%7,1()3.
21ll>id.
 102

defenceof the British position during the uprising have also had
their statues removed. For instance, the statue of General Sir
Alexander Taylor (1914, Hartwell) and the adjacent statue of
Brigadier-GeneralJohn Nicholsonby Brock (1904) located near 92
Mori Gate,DolhLwore both removed and are untraced.

Thisis the first attemptby anypersonto document

all of
the works of commemorativesculpture exported to the former
colonies of Britain in South Asia. It is intended that the
information contained both in the text and in the catalogue
entries will make a significant contribution to the study of
Dritish sculpture. The information contained will benefit

scholars in various geographical locations writing theses,

monographson the lives of specific sculptors or researching

specific areas of interest such as equestrian statues. Many of
the details contained in the individual catalogue entries are
unknown and unavailable in the former coloniesand can be of
great assistanceto local museum curators with the labelling,

exhibiting and writing of exhibition cataloguesin addition to

serving as a reference to scholars wishing to research British
sculpture.
By providing detailed information, in the following
catalogueentries as well as in the teA on the the
existence,
removal or the present condition and location of the statues -
 103

throughprimary rather than secondarysources,primarily

throughfirst-hand observation,I hopeto havecounteredthe
myth that the nationalsor governmentsof the former colonies
of Britain,with perhapsMyanmabeingthe exceptionwherethe
responseremainsunclear,destroyedor denigratedthe public
commemorative statuesdedicatedto the British rulers or their
native supporters,either during the British reign or in any
immediate and sustainedway within a years time following the
grantingof independence.
 AV-z

PostScript
Clearly, the residents, both British and native, felt, like
those living in the early eighteenth century who had seen
antique marbles or plaster casts of antique marbles exported to
Britain from Rome, that sculpture had a special permanence
unknown to painting. We, in the twentieth century, recognize
that this is clearly not the case. Public sculpture erected to
Immortalize public individuals, and most especially political
figures symbolizing specific ideologies, is at risk when
governments and political attitudes change.In light of all the
symbolism inherent in public commemorative statuary, it is
interesting to note, however, that a now concernfor the statues
exported to Britain's former coloniesin South Asia is currently
taking place. In 1990, the Public Works Department of
Rawalpindi publicly announcedthat they were seeking a home
for the statue of QueenVictoria by J. H. Gardner (1905) which
had been stored in one of their warehousessince the SuezCrisis
of 1956.22They could have easily ordered the marble crushed
forgetting the entire matter - but instead, the monument was
given to the British High Commission in Islamabad where it is
currently on display.23 The Garden.SuperintendentsOffice of

ZzSeeC142.
231amIndebtedto the Ancient Indian and Iran Trust,CambridgeandSir
NicholasBarrington, British High Commissionerto Pakistan,for first
 105

the Municipality of Bombay re-located the bronze equestrian

statue of Albert Edward as the Prince of Wales (1878, Boehm) 36-39
from the area adjacent to the Dr. Bhau Dali Lad Museum to a

prominent oval green directly inside the entrance to the ji

jamata BhonsaUdyan in February, 1991.24 It is rumoured, as

has been previously mentioned, that the West Bengal Tourism
Board headedby Mr. Chowdhury is planning to re-erect a large
number of the British statues which they have had in storage
for some twenty-five to thirty years in a 'Raj type' theme park
in the Salt Lake suburbs of the City.25 This information,
however, is yet to be confirmed by the West Bengal Tourist
Board. Recentarticles in various Indian newspapers,by native
journalists, have criticized the municipal or provincial
authorities for either their reckless handling or apathy towards
the statues. For example, on 24 September 1991, the
Afternoon Despatchand Courier published an article by Sonora
26 jha charged that no
jha entitled NVictimsof Anglophobian.
one in the government felt responsibility for "yesterday's art or
history's leaders. 27 In the article, jha interviewed Dr. Sadashiv
Gorakshakar, Curator of the Prince of Wales Museum in

bringing this Information to my attention in correspondenceduring

April, 1990.
24SeeC35.
25Correspondencebetveen the author and Mr. H. E.Smith, Calcutta,5
January 1992.
26"Victims of Anglophobiaw 5,19.
27jha. 19.
 106

Bombay.Gorakshakar, making an appealfor the protectionof

the remainingBritish statues,stated: "We need not keep the
statuesas any sort of ideal for the younger generation,but
simply as works of art, After almost , fifty years of
independence,wheredoesthe needarise for hatred? The rule
has banished,the statues are helpless,put them aside and
maintaintheM."26
Under the provisions of India's Antiquities and Art
TreasuresAc% 1972 (No. 52 of 1972 with Corrigenda1973,
includingthoseexportedfrom Britain, at
1976),all monuments,
leastonehundredyearsold, are protectedby the officesof the
ArchaeologicalSurveyof India29Unfortunately,a number of
the public commemorativestatuesexportedfrom Britain have
had the integrity of their total sculptural unit compromised
from. both an artistic and a heritage point of ,view.30 For
example, the status of the statue of Queen Victoria- (1869,119-123
Noble)commissionedfor the city of Bombayis now in question

under the provisionsof the Act,31 As previously stated,the

statuewasone of a number mutilated in August 1965. Some
ton yearslater, an Aldermanfrom Halifai; NovaScotia,Canada,

28Ibid.
29Interviev vith Dr. V. H. Siddhiqui, Director. Archaeological Survey of
India. Nev Delhi. 29 September.1991.
30Ibid.
31Correspondencebetveen the author and roy Nissen,Bombay,II
November 1991.
 107

approachedthe Municipal Corporation of Bombay vAth a

request to purchasethe statue in order to enhanceone of
HallfaiCspublicsquares.32The requestwas debarredunder the
provisionsof the Antiquitiesand Art Treasures 33
Act. However,
some years later, the Municipal Corporation of Bombay
separatedthe statueof the Queenfrom her Gothiccanopy;the
canopywas sold to a localresident,Mr. Vijaypat Singhania,for
his gardenon WardenRoad. 34Theseparationof the partsof the
originalmonumentnow placethe entire work in questionas to
the full meaningof the Act.
Whetheror not the Indian authorities - municipal, state,

regionalor national - pressedby a small but vocal group of

interestedparties,suchas Sonorajha and Mr. Gorakshakar,
will
commencediscussionsto determinewho has jurisdiction over
theseworks, so that they might be better preserved,remains
unclear. Thosestatuesremainingin policelines, suchas those
at Muttra, or behind museumsare clearly in most danger

32Ibid.
33Ibid.
34 Ibid. Seealso Jha. 5. At one time, Mr. VIjaypat Singhania had a
portrait status of himself placed under the canopy. The statue has since
been removed; the empty canopy is still located in Mr. Singhania's
garden facing Varden Road.
 108

either through looting,vandalismor urban pollution if some

decisionsasto their conservationare not madequickly.35

35 Dr. V. H. Siddhiqui stressedin an interview on 29 September1991that

these statuesmight fully disappearwithin tenye&rs time. Dr. Siddhiqui
also pointed out that, unfortunately, decisionsin India we not madevery
quickly. It should be noted that a large number of statueswere executed
after 1893and are. therefore, not under the protection of the
Archaeological Survey of India and the Antiquities and Art TreasuresAct
of 1972.
 109

cl

Prince Albert Monument, Bombay,,1869

Matthew Noble (1817-76)

Plates 11,12,13

Marblestatue 96" high on a marble pedestal base 132" high with

femaleallegorical figures
two accompanying

INSCRIPTION
CONSORT/DEAR
on pedestal ALBERT/PRINCE TOSCIENCE,
DEARTO
ART;/DEARTOTHYLANDANDOURS,A PRINCEINDEED/DEDICATED
BY
DAVIDSASSOON/ 1864 other sides of oedestal sameinscription In
Hindi, Marathi andGujarati

SIGNED
on statue-M. Sculptor,
Noble, London,
1869

This heroic standingmarble figure is wearing the robes of the Order

of the Star of India. Two female allegorical figures symbolizing Art
andSciencesit at the baseof the pedestal.

The statue was commisslonedby Albert Sassoon(1818-96), Noble

was pald E3000 for hIs work.'

296.
'Jackson,40-1.SeealsoDerby,
 110

PROVENANCE
Bombay,India
Dr.BhauDaji LadMuseum,

EXHIBITED
Museum,1870
SouthKensington

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Variation of Salford (1865), Manchester(1867)

LITERATURE
Art Journal August 1870,245; Builder 6 August 1870,623;
1]lustrated LondonNews26 November1870,552; 1.S.Jackson,Ita
SassoonsLondon,1968,40-41; E.Darby,Statues of QueenVictoria
Prince Albert- A Study in Commemorativeand Portrait Statuacy.
_a_nd
ial7zJ324, Ph.D. thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art, University of
London,1986.296-97; 0. Valladares, "Shadowsof the Past. Tracing
the fate of Bombay'smagnifIcent, old statues, " Tal Magazint I st
quarterly issue (1985), 33; India Off ice Oriental Collection f iles 2/9
(3)
 ill

C2
Anderson Monument,,Madras, 1819
Sir Francis Chantrey,, R.A. (1781-1841)

Plate 14

Marble statue 62" high on marble pedestal 28" high

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal SCOTO
ANDERSON
JACOBUS BRITANNUS,
M. D.
/IN HISORIS
I OPTIME
PERANNOS
PRIMARIUS ANNOS
MERITUS/PER XXVSUMMOS
IN
OCCUPAVIT/ET
ARTESUAHONORES SUAVISSIMAMORUM
SPERNENS/BENEVOLUS
ORNAVITLUCRUM
SIMPLICITATE ET
SEMPER
BENEFAC
INDEFFESUS IENDO/
NONAEGRISMODO
SEDOPPRESSIM
INFELICIBUS/CERTISSIMUM
OMNIBISQUE MINUS
PERFUGIUM/NEC
UTILITATISADEXTREMUM
PUBLICAE VITAEHALITUM
IITVIDIE AUGUST
STUDIOSUS/013 I ADMDCCC
IX AETATIS SUAE
MERETISSIMI
LXXII/SUMMI VIRI MEMORIAMVENERATI/ET NOBILE
COMMENDARE
POSTERIS
EXEMPLUM AVENTES/HANC
IMAGINEM
COMMUNIBUS, POSLIERUNT/OMNES
SUMPTIBUS MEDICIIN HIS
POSTEJUSOBITUMXI/THISMONUMENT
MERENTES/ANNO
REGIONIBUS
WASERECTED OFFICERS
BYTHEMEDICAL OFTHISESTABLISHMENT/TO
THEMEMORYOFDR.JAMESANDERSON,
WHOFILLEDFORMANY
STATIONOFPHYSICIAN
YEARS/THE GENERAL/AS OFTHEIR
A TRIBUTE
ANDATTACHMENT
RESPECT
 112

SIGNED

onstatu RA,
Chantrey, Sct,,London,
1819

This lite size seatedmarblefigure Is wearingcontemporarycivilian

dress. The right arm of the figure leans over the back of the chair.
The left handIs holding paperswhich rest on the Ieft Ieg. The fI gure
sits sideways In the chair with the headfacing the viewer.

Dr.James Anderson(d. 1809) was PhysicianGeneralto the East India

CompanyIn Madras. Hewas also a keenbotanist andwas associated
with the introduction of sericulture into South India, He was a
foundingmemberof the MadrasAgri -Horti cultural Society, The
specimens which Anderson collected and shipped to the British
Museumin Londonled to the foundingof the Natural History Museum
of SouthKensington.The statue was erected by a public
subscription raised by the medical officers of the Madras
Presidency. Dr. Andrew Berry, Edinburgh,was In chargeof handling
'
the commission. Chantrey agreed to execute the statue on I
September 1815,' Chantrey received E900 for his work with a
bonus of an additional f. 100 on its' completion. 3

PROVENANCE
cathearai,
madras India
madras,

ROYW
.1Ch&AreyAccount3, Academy,
London.
'Ibid.
I Ibid.
 113

EXHIBITED
RA 1819(1181)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Drawing, Ashmolean (517)4

LITERATURE
ChantreyAccounts,RoyalAcademy,London;J. J. Cotton, Inscriptions
on Monuments and Tombs in Madras,Madras, 1898,70; A Armitage,
Francis Chantrey. DonkeyBoyandScul= London,1915,79; H.A.
.
Newell, Madras:The Birthplace of British India, Madras,1919,85; R.
Cameron,Shadowsfrom India. An Architectural Album, London,
1958,150

41amindebtedio
ik for
bringing
Yarrington We tornyettention.
 114

C3
Angel of the Resurrection Monument, Kanpur, 1865*
Baron Carlo Marochetti, R.A. (1805-67)

Plate 15

Marblestatue90" high

INSCRIPTION
on original pedestal, now missin SACRED/TO/THE
PERPETUAL
MEMORY/OF A GREATCOMPANY OFCHRISTIAN
PEOPLE/CHIEFLY
WOMEN
NEARTHISSPOT/WERE
ANDCHILDREN/WHO, CRUELLY
MASSACRED/BY
OFTHEREBEL/NANA
THEFOLLOWERS DHOONDOPUNT
OFBITHOOR/AND
WITHTHEDEAD/INTO
CAST/THEDYING THEWELLBELOVONTHE
DAYOFJULY,1857'
FIFTEENTH

This heroic marble angel is poisedstanding with both arms crossing

over the chest holding palm fronds, The headbows slightly to the
left. A CrOSSIs behind the tigure.

The monument was erected in memory of the several hundred women

andchildren that were massacredby the soldiers of NanaSahibat
Bibighar [Houseof Ladies)during the Mutiny of 1857-58 at Kanpur.
The memorial was a personaltribute of Charlotte, CountessCanning
(1617-60),wife of the first Viceroyof India, Charles,LordCanning
(1812-62). In 1861,LordCanningwrote to the 2ndEarl of Granville
I Wording byZoeYdand.
prmAded
onin3CdpUon
 115

In London, fromCalcutta,askinghimto supervisetheselectionof an

artist and an appropriate design.2 Lord Canning stated that the
commission would"requirethesinceresttasteandjudgmentin
decidingwhomto employ. "' EarlGranvilleaskedLouisa,Lady
Waterford,Charlotte'ssister,andLadyShelburne to assisthim.4
TheyfI rst approached BaronCarlo Marochetti,whosewIfe hadbeena
childhood playmateor Countess Canning andLadyWaterfordin Paris
andwhosefriendshiphadcontinued oncetheMarochettis hadre-
locatedto Britain, requesting himto providea design. 5 Marochetti
suggested to EarlGranville that he might wish to askseveralother
to
sculptors submit designs, such as JohnFoley.6 EarlGranville
approached Foley andThomas Woolner; Foley was not interested in
entering a competition, however limited, but Woolner agreedand
later provideda claymodelof a womanleaningagainsta cross
whichwaspiercedbya swordwith the bodiesof deadchildrenat
herfeet.' LordCanning washorrifiedwhenheheardfromLady
Waterfordthat shefavouredthis designandImmediately wroteto
EarlGranvillestatingthat he"wishedto avoidnanymonument
suggestive of themassacre thinkingIt undesirable to remindthe
nativesin yearsto comeof the "horrorsof 1857."a EarlGranville
replied that he andLady Shelburne preferredoneof Marochetti's
drawingsof a "sort of Britannia"'but this IdeaalsodistressedLord
I GreniAll
e,395.
'Ibid.
"Ibid,
IIbid.,397.1eLp ePhilpWard-Jwhonforfirst
preciat dm%Ang friendship.
tothis
myettention
'Ibid.
'Ibid.
libid.,
396.
Ilbid.,
397.
 116

Canningwho thought the idea rather remindedhim of "a half

""
penny. rather than a monument over a Christian "
grave. Earl
Granville later assuredLord Canningthat having chosenMarochetti
to execute the monumenthe would be providing a designbasedon a
suggestionby LadyWaterford,12 The last known correspondence
betweenEarl Granville andLord Canningwas dated I January 1862.
Lord CanningOldnot live to see the completedmemorial for he died
16 June 1862. The statue was completed in 1865. It Is not known
what fee Marochetti received for his work.
The Angel andthe two small cemeteries were originally set
within a gardenof forty acres andwere in the care of the Provincial
Governmentuntil 1920 when they were transferred to the newly
established MemorialWall GardenSociety. Before 1947, the garden
was open to the public on paymentof a nominal fee but admittance
to the Well was restricted to Europeansand Indianswith special
passes from the Society. It was considereda sacred place. Shortly
before Independence,the Uttar PradeshGovernmentmadeit clear
that the Gardenshouldbe opento the general public andgavean
undertakingto take proper care of the statue so that no harm should
come to it during the Independence celebrations on 15 August 1947.
Unfortunately the Angel was desecratedby malecontents,the
Governmentapologizedprofusely and they andthe KanpurCongress
committee put the damageright at no cost to the Society.
Subsequently,it was decidedto movethe Angel andthe nearby
gravestonesto All Soul's Memorial Churchandthe entire area of the

"Ibid.,398.
11INd.
"Ibld.,406.
 117

40 acre garden transferred free of charge to the Uttar Pradesh

Government. The park, where the Angel originally stood is now
called NanaRao Park in commemoration of the man who had led the.
massacre of the British. The site of the Well was discreetly

concreted over and it was understood that nothing inside the well
should be disturbed, Recently, a bronze portrait bust of Tilak Topi,

another of the leaders of the massacre, has been erected on the site
of tl-)e well, "

PROVENANCE
located on the All Soul's Memorial Church grounds,
The monument 11,;
Ill'anout-,India. It was originally positioned over the site of the well
in Bibighar Memorial Gardens,Kanpur.

KNOWNVER51ONS

Variant of the Scutari Angel ( 1850, Scutari)

LITERATURE
(supplement), 31 October 1874,421; A.
Hare, The Story of Two Noble Lives: Charlotte Countess Canning and
I ouicsa.Marochioness of Waterford, 3 vols., vol, 1, London, 1893,152,
,)58; Life of the 2nd Earl of Granville, London, 1905, vol. 1,390)
395-98,406; Handbook-toIndia. Pakistan. Burma and Ceo, London,
1949,436; C. Allen, Raj: A Scragbook of British India 1877-1947,
-
London, 1977,11; W, Urwick, India. 100 Years Ago, The Beaut of
Old India illustrated, London, 1985,148-9; P, Davies, SQlendoursof
"Al ofthisInformetion tomebyZoeYalland,
hasbeensupplied &longtimeBrilishreildent
of
Wipur,nowlivingin Londonwhereshehasmittensevered
booksonthehl3toryof
Kanpurand
Mr.A,P.O.Taylor,tmiterontheIndian
mutinyand forTheStalesmen,
columnist
 118

the Raj. Architecture in India 1660-1947, Harmondsworth,

-British
1987; 138-40; R. Trevelyan, The GoldenOriole; Oxford, 1987,470-2;
M.Fowler, Below the PeacockFM London,1988,132-33; Z.Yalland,
Traders andNabobsLondon,1988,111; P. Davies,The PenguinGuide
to the Monumentsof India vol. 11:Islamic. Ra]Qut.EuroQean1989,
P
236
 119

C4
Auckland Monument,,Calcutta,, 1848*
Henry Weekes, R.A. (1807-77)

Marble statue 72" high on marble pedestal 34" high

INSCRIPTION
EARLOFAUCKLAND/
on gedestal TO/GEORGE, GOVERNOR-GENERAL
OF
INDIA/THIS STATUEWASERECTED
BYMEN/OFWHOMSOMEWERE
THE
OF/HISGOVERNMENT/OF
INSTRUMENTS WHOMMANYKNEWTHAT
GOVERNMENT ITS BENIGN
ONLY/THROUGH EFFECTS/ALL
OFWHOM
IN THEAFFECTIONATE
AGREED DESIRE/TO
PERPETUATE
THEMEMORY
WHICHHERULED
OFTHESIXYEARS/DURING THEDESTINIES
THISJUSTREASON,
OF/BRITISHINDIA/FOR THATTHROUGHOUT
THE/WHOLE OFTHOSE
COURSE YEARS/HE
LABOURED AND
EARNESTLY
MAKE/SECURITY
UNREMITTINGLY/TO FROMRAPINEAND
OPPRESS OFINTERNAL
ION/FREEDOM TRADE/THE SCIENCES
MEDICAL
JUSTICEWHICHIS BLINDTODISTINCTIONS/OF
OFEUROPE/THE
RACE/THE LANGUAGE/AND
ENGLISH THEMORALANDINTELLECTUAL
WliICHIT OPENS/ACOMMON
AFFLUENCE/ ANDPERPETUAL
ALLTHENATIONS
INHERITANCE/TO WHOINHABITTHISEMPIRE/
1848
on ogposlte sIde of Qedestal LORDAUCKLAND/
(30VERNOR
GENERAL
OFINDIA/BORN 1784DIED1847

SIGNED
on statue H. RA
Weekes, SCT
 120

This life size marblestandingstatue Is wearingthe robesof the

Governor-General overcontemporary dress. Thefigure holdsthe
lapelsof the robewith bothhands..A scroll is also beingheld In the
right hand.Theright leg is advanced.

GeorgeEden,2nd Earl of Auckland(1784-1849) was Governor-

Generalof India from 1836-42. Auckland'ssupport for ShahShujah
against Dost brought
Mohammad on the first Afghan expedition
between 1839-42 andhastenedthe British retreat from Kabul.' On
his return to EnglandIn 1839, Aucklandwas madean Earl. Between
1846-49, he servedas the First Lord of the Admiralty.2Fundsfor the
statue were raised through a public subscription. Weekescompleted
the monumentin 1848. Hewas paid E2000 for his work.'

PROVENANCE
The monumentis currently in the collection of the Victoria
Memorial,Calcutta,India Thestatue was originally erectednear
the HighCourtfacingAucklandGardensin Calcutta.4

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1844 (1388-bust); 1847 (1395-model)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Marble bust (1844, Victoria Memorial, Calcutta)

'Cotton,375.
1[bid.
PresIdenc26.
totheBengal
Handbook
Ibid.
 121

LITERATURE
Gentlemen'sMagazine,February1849,203; H.Weekes,Lectures on
Art, Deliveredat the RoyalAcademy London,1880,5,200; Handbook
- BengalPresidencL London,1882,86; W.K. Firminger,
_the
Thacker's Guideto Calcutta Calcutta, 1906,58; Victoria Memorial.
Calcutta: Illustrated Catalogueof Exhibits. 1925, Calcutta, 1925,
item 401; W,5, Birney, Calcutta Guide,Calcutta, 1946,37; Handbook
to India, Pakistan.BurmaandCeylgn,London,1949,107,

Note: Weekesalso executeda wall memorial dedicatedto the 2nd

Earl of Aucklandfor Beckenham,Kent ( 1849).
 122

C5
BabingtonMonument,Bombay,,
1827
Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A. (1781-1841)

Plates 16,17

Marblestatue 60" high

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal BABINGTOWBORN
STEPHEN IN LONDON1790/JUDGEOFTHE
SUDDER DEWANNEE BOMBAY/AND
ADAWLUT/AT PRESIDENTOFA
COMMITTEE/FORTHEREVISALOFTHEREVENUE/AND
JUDICIALCODE/DIED
1822
AT TANNAHIN SALSETTE/

SIGNED
on--statia Fr. Chantrey,Sculptor, London

This life-size seatedmarble figure Is poised with the right arm raised
to the chest holding a quill. The left arm relaxes at the side; the left
hand holds the edgeof a book,Thejudicial Code,which rests on his
lap, The figure wears contemporarycivilian dress. A top coat drapes
over the right leg. The left leg extendsforward,
 123

StephenBabington(1790-1822)was a Judgein the Bombaycivil

service. Herevisedthe the judical code.Thestatue was erectedby
public subscriptionand by
supervised BenjaminBabington,Esquire,
in
Britain.' FrancisChantreywas askedto executethe monumentin
1824.2Thestatuewas completedIn 1827's ChantreyWasPaid L 1400
for his work."

PROVENANCE
Old Town Hall, Bombay,India

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1827(1126)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Pl. M. Ashmolean (head only)5

LITERATURE
Chantrey Account5, Royal Academy, London; Handbookof the BomLay_
London, 1881,125; H. Armitage, Francis Chantrey. Do
-Presidency,
Boy and SculDtor London, 1915,79; P. Cameron, Shadows of India. An
Architectural Albu[% London, 1958,152; F. Nissen, "Landmarks, n MM

I Ch&*eykcountsRoyW Academy,London.
2Ibid.
'Ibid.
Ibid.
I amindebtedto k Ya*gton I orbringing
Wstomyettention.
 124

vol. XXXVI1,no. 1,1965,76; 0. Valladares, "5hadows or the Past,

Tracing the fate of Bombay'smagnificent, old statues, n Tal MagaziDt,
15t quarterly issue (1985), 39; J. Morris, Stonesof EmplM Oxford,
1986,188,
 125

C6
BahadurMonument, Calcutta, 1894**
Edward Gerlowski

Marblestatue

INSCRIPTION
on original pedestal TO THEMEMORY
OFTHE HON'BLE
RAI KRISTODAS
PAL BAHADUR,C.I.E. BORNAPRIL 1839. DIED 24TH JULY 1884 AS
TO THE BRITISH INDIAN ASSOCIATION,AS A MEMBEROF
SECRETARY
THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATION,AS A JOURNALIST, AND AS A
LEGISLATORHE BROUGHTTO THE SERVICE OF HIS COUNTRYA
GREATTALENTS, UNTIRINGINDUSTY
CULTIVATEDUNDERSTANDING,
AND A LOFY PATRIOTISM, THIS STATUE HAS BEENERECTEDAS A
BY HIS GRATEFULCOUNTRYMEN
TRIBUTETO HIS MEMORY AND MANY
'
OTHERADMIRINGFRIENDS.

Rai Kristo Das Paul Bahadur (1839-1884) served as assistant to

Baboo Hurrish Chunder Mukerjee between 1858-79, ' In 1875 he
became a member of the Bengal Legislative Councl1.3 He was
appointed Secretary of the British India Association in 1879.4 In
1883, he was made an additional member of the Viceroy's Council.5
Bahadur was also the editor of the HIndoo Patriot. '
I Cotton,426.
21bld.
'ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid,
Ilbid.,427.
 126

The white marble standing statue was erected through a public

subscription. The statue was unveiled in March 1894 by Viceroy,
Lord Elgin!

PROVENANCE
'
The statue, currently untraced, was originally located at the
junction of CollegeStreet andHarrisonRoad,Calcutta.

LITERATURE
H.E.A. Cotton, Calcutta Old andNew,Calcutta, 1907,426

-711. -
lbid.,426.
 127

C7
Baird Monument, Calcutta **
John Birnfe PhIllp (1820-75)

BenedictReadreports that Philip executeda portrait statue of

ColonelBaird (d. 1870) for Calcutta, West Bengal, '
India. This statue
is currently untraced.

I Actodan London,
ScWptmMNewH&ven&nd 1902,266.
 128

C8
Barnes Monument,Colombo, 1846*
Henry Weekes,R.A. (1807-77)

Marble 5trItUe 84" high on a 5tone pede5tal 47mhigh

INSCRIPTION
onpedestal BY
ERECTED THEEUROPEAN
AND INHABITANTS
NATIVE OF
CEYLON/AND INCEYLON
FRIENDS ANDINDIA/TO TOTHEIR
TESTIFY
HISPERSOWAND
ANDAFFECTION/FOR
RESPECT THE
TO/PERPETUATE
OFHISDISTINGUISHED
MEMORY MILITARY
SERVICES/AND/THE
IMPORTANT CONFERRED
BENEFITS BYHIMUPONTHISCOLONY/DURING
OFTHEGOVERNMENT/FROM
HISADMINISTRATION MARCH1820TO
1822/AND/1824TO1831/HEDIEDMARCH1838/AGED
62 YEARS

SIGNED
London,1846
H,Weekes,

This heroicmarblestatueof a standingfigure hasthe right arm

slightly bent at the elbow andextendedforward holding a book. The
left arm Is relaxed at the side. The f Igure is wearing contemporary
dress. A Capeis drapedaroundthe shouldersof the figure; it falls
the entire length of the statue.

'Sir EdwardBarnes,UR, K.MT, KSA (1776-1838)was Commander

in Chiefof HerMajesty'sforces In Sri Lanka[Ceylon]In 1819,
 129

Lieutenant-Governor
of Sri Lanka[Ceylon]
In 1820andGovernorof
Sri Lanka(Ceylon]between1824and 1831, Barneswas appointed
Commander In Chief In Indiain 1831. Themonumentwas erectedby
public subscription.The was
memorial unveiledon 18June 1847.1

PROVENANCE
The statue Is currently situated on the groundsor the residenceor
the President of Sri Lanka,Colombo,Sri Lanka. It was originally
located at the junction of QueenStreet and Prince Street, In the Fort
area, Colombo, Sri 2
Lanka.

LITERATURE
J, PendryLewis, List of InscriDtions on TombstonesandMonuments
in Ceylon,of historical or local Interest with an obituacy of persons
uncommemoratedColombo,1913,144; Papineau'sGuideto Sri Lanka

nndthe Maldives Singapore,1983,103

LW9j 144.
21bld.
 130

C9

Barnes Monument, Quetta**

Edward Onslow Ford (1852-1901)

MarbleStatue

Sir HughShakespearBarneswas Agent to the Governor-Generalfrom

1896-1900.

PROVENANCE
The statue was destroyed in the 1935 Quetta earthquake.1 It stood
1.2
In front or SandemanHal

LITERATURE
India Off Ice andOriental ColI ecti on fi Ie 556/3 (43-5)

interviewwithSueFminoonjondon, 26july`1992. Faftgtm notesthetalocal3tory

states thatthe statuevies3till3tandingwhilethe Sanderman Hal behindkwastuinbling down.
insteadthe statuespit hofizort*acros3t he base;the figurespunroundto facethe otherway,
esmanysaid, to watchBame3' beloyed hall
crashingto the ground.
'Ibid. FaningtonIscomoetinga publicalimonQuettaforthe Wish Aissoclation of
CemeteriesIn SouthAsiatobe publishedInWe 1992or early1993.
 131

CIO

Barrow Monument,,
Lucknow,1883*
Edwin Roscoe Mullins (1848-1907)

Marblestatue 82" high

51 ONED

on E.
statu-(.,, R.MulII ns Sc 1883
-

The marble f Igure stands In contemPOrarydress -a suit With a bow tie,

The right arm relaxes at the side; the left arm bendsat the elbow. The
left handis resting onthe hip. Theright leg of the f Igureis advanced.

PROVENANCE
Thestatue is in the storageareaadjacentto the StateMuseum,
Lucknow,India. Themonument was originally situated in front of the
SenateHouse,Lucknow. '

LITERATURE
M. H. Spielman, British Sculpture and SculDtors of Today, London, 190 1,
48-9; B. Read, Victorian Sculpture New Haven and London) 1982,369;
"Heritage Going to Seed," Times of 111dij 22 June ny, np

I lnterAowWh Moeum,Lucknow,
staffoftheState 17Aprl1992.
 132

II

Bayley Monument,,
Calcutta**
Sir W. Hamo Thomycrof t, R.A. (1850-1925)

marble statue

Sir SteuartBayley,KC.S,1.WasChlerCommissioner
of Assamfrom
1078-81, Memberof the SupremeCounclI from 1882-87 andthe
officiating Lieutenant-Governor
of Bengal
from 1887-90.

PROVENANCE
Thestatue Is currently untraced,It was originally positionedIn
front of the offices of the AccountantGeneral,Calcutta,India.' The
2
figure was later movedto DalhousieSquare,Calcutta.

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1892 (1959-bust); 1896 (1808-model)

LITERATURE
M,H,Spielman,British SculDtureand Sculptors of Today London,
1901 44; W,K, Firminger, Thacker'q6)Ljideto Calcutta, Calcutta,
.
1906)57; H.A, Newell, Calcutta. The First Capital of British IndLa,
Calcutta, 1906,72; KEA, Cotton, Calcutta Old andNew,Calcutta,
1907,412-13; W.S. Birney, Calcutta Guide,Calcutta, 1946,39;
to India, Pakistan,BurmaandCeylon,London,1949,121;
H_andbook

or,57.
Fktrdng
39.
BIMOYO
 133

E. Manning. Marble and Bronze. The Art and Life of Hamo

ThomycrOft, London and Westfield, New Jersey, 1982; India Office
and Oriental Collection file (Foster 481)
 134

C12
Bengallee Monument, Bombay,, 1897
Sir Thomas Brock, R.A. ( 1847-1922)

plate 18

Marble statue 91" high on 61" high stone pedestal

INSCRIPTION
on Pedestal TRIBUTEOFTHE RESIDENTS
OFB011DAY/FOR/THEIR
FELLOWCITIZEN/SORABJEE
ESTEEMED SHAPURJEE C.I.E./A
BENGALLEE,
HIS PUBLICANDPRIVATEVIRTUES/BYHIS
MANDISTINGUISHED/BY
BENEVOLENCE/BY
ARDENTANDDISINTERESTED HIS UNOSTENTATIOUS
HIS FEARLESSINDEPENDENCE
ANDUNIVERSALPHILANTHROPY/BY AND
HIS LOVEOFLIBERTYANDREFORM/BY
UPRIGHTNESS/BY HIS ZEALFOR
ESTEEMED
POPULARPROGRESSYUNIVERSALLY BY ALL CLASSESAND
183 1/D IED3RD APRIL 1893
CREEDS/BORN15 FEBRUARY

SIGNED
on statue T. Brock, R.
A., London, 1897

This heroic marble standing figure is wearing traditional Parsee

dress under the robes of the University of Bombay. The right hand
holds the lapel of the robe. The left arm is extended at the side; the
left hand is holding a scroll. The head of the figure looks slightly to
the left.

0.
 135

Iee( 1831-93)was HonourarySecretaryof the

SorabjeeBengal
ParseeLawAssociationfrom 1855-93, In 1871,the Government
of
Bombayconsultedhim onthe proposedMunicipalAct, Bengallee
becamea memberof the BombayCorporationIn 1876. In 1876,he
was also appointedto the BombayLegislativeCouncil, In 1881,he
was madea Fellowof BombayUniversity,madea C,LE.andappointed
to the post of Sheriff of Bombay.Thestatue was erectedby public
subscription following Bengallee's
deathIn 1893. Brockcompleted
the statue In 1897.

PROVENANCE
Southeastcornerof the Oval,Bombay,India

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1898 (182 1)
 136

C13
Bentinck Monum6nt, Calcutta, 1839*
Sir Richard Westmecott, R.A. (1775-1856)

Plates 19,20

Bronze statue 128" high on 39"**pedestal with relief panel

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal TO WILLIAM CAVENDISH
13ENTINCK/WHO
DURING SEVEN

YEARS/RULEDI NDIAW ITH EMINENTPRUDENCE/

INTEGRITY AND
PLACEDAT THE HEADOFA GREATEMPIREMEVER
BENEVOLENCENHO,
LAID ASIDE/THESIMPLICITYANDMODERATION
OF/A PRIVATE
CITIZEN/WHOINFUSEDINTOORIENTALDESPOTISM/THE
SPIRIT OF
NEVERFORGOT
BRITISHFREEDOM/WHO THAT THEENDOFGOVERNMENVIS
THE WELFAREOFTHE GOVERNED/WHO
ABOLISHEDCRUELRITES/WHO
HUMILIATINGDISTINCTIONS/WHOALLOWEDLIBERTYTO THE
EFFACED
OF/PUBLICOPINION/WHOSE
EXPRESSION CONSTANTSTUDYIT WASTO
AND
MORAL
ELEVATE/THE INTELLECTUAL
CHARACTER
OFTHENATION
TO HIS CHARGE/THISMONUMENT
COMMITTED MEN,WHO
WAS ERECTED/BY
IN COUNTRY
DIFFERINGIN RACE,IN MANNERS, ANDRELIGION/CHERISH
WITH EQUALVENERATIONANDGRATITUDEITHE MEMORYOFHIS WISE,
UPRIGHTANDPATERNALADMINISTRATION/CALCUTTA, 4,
FEBRUARY
 137

1835

This heroicsize bronzestatueof a standingfigure is wearingthe robes

andordersof the Governor-General. Theright arm,which is slightly
extended,holds the hilt of a sword. Theleft arm is slightly bentwith
the handtouchingthe hip underthe robe. Thefigure looksforward. The
monument hasa bronzepedestalrelief depictingsuttee,the act of
committingsuicideby the widow by throwingherself on the funeral
pyreor her husband.

Lord William HenryCavendishBentinCk,3rd Dukeof Portland (1774-

1839) was Governorof Madrasfrom 1803-07 andGovernor-Generalof
India from 1834-35. Hewas responsible for passing legislation which
meant to makethe practice of suttee illegal. A public subscription
amongstthe native residents providedthe funds for the erection of the
monument. ' The inscription was written by Lord Macaulay,Law
Memberof the CounciI( 1834-35).2

PROVENANCE
The statue is located in the Victoria Memorial gardens,Calcutta, India.
The statue was originally erected In front of the Town Hall, Calcutta.3
it was later movedto the Council Chamber 4
groundS.

I De3rAptivg of Bust3andStatuNyin
Catojogue the-YictodaMemod
1978,39.
IJbId.
3HandhooktotheBenge]Presidenc 1882,19.
4Bimey,37.
 138

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1839 (1288-pedestal panel)

LITERATURE
Handbookgf the BengalPresidencypLondon,1882,19; W.K. Firminger,
Thacker's Guideto Calcutta, Calcutta, 1906,58; H.E.A. Cotton,
Calcutta Old andNew,Calcutta, 1907,379-80; W.S. Birney, Calcutta
Guide Calcutta, 1946,37; Handbookto India. Pakistan, Burmaand
Ceyl London,1949,107; Descrigtive Catalogueof Busts andStatuacy
,
in the Victoria Memorial Calcutta, 1978,39; B. Groseclose," Imag(in)
Ing Indians." Art Histocy,vol. 13, no. 4 (December1990), 511; India
office Oriental Collection files 29 (2), 403 (50), 527 (3)
 139

C14
BlaneyMonument,Bombay,1893*
C. B. Villa (nd)

Plates 21,22

Statue 96" high

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal DR. THOMASBLANEY,C.I.E. BORN,24TH MAY 1823. A
TRIBUTEFROMTHE INHABITANTS OF BOMBAYFOR PUBLICSERVICES
DURINO
RENDERED A PERIOD
OFHALFA CENTURY.
DIEDI ST APRIL1903,1

IGNED
IS
onsta C.B.Villa, 1893/Warden
andCo.

This heroic marble standing statue wears a morning suit, The right
hand is held to the chest. The left hand rests on the back of a chair
positioned behind the figure.

Dr. ThomasBlaney, C.I.E. 0 823-1903) practised medicine in the Mandvi

area of Bombay for almost fifty years. He was President of the

I MunicipeJ ofBombaymemorandum
Corporation dated15August,1965,B352-2,9.
21bld.
 140

environmental and sanitation 3

issues. The statue was erected
through a public subscription and executed by the Italian sculptor,
Villa, whowas workingin Londonat the time,

PROVENANCE
The statue is in the gardens adjacent to the Dr. Bhau Daji Lad
Museum,Bombay, It was moved to its present location In August,
1965.4 The monumentwas originally erected on a pedestal 84" high,
24' square, on three flights of blue stone steps at the Junction of
3
HornbyRoadandFort Street, Bombay.

VERSIONS
KNOWN
marble bust (1892, Municipal Corporation,Bombay)

LITERATURE
Municipal Corporationof Bombaymemorandum,15 August 1965,
B352-2,9,43; 0. Valladares,"Shadowsof the Past. Tracingthe fate
of Bombay'smagnificent,old statues," Tal Magazine,Ist quarterly
Issue( 1985),35

I Valladern3S.
MuHclpal ofBombaymemomdum
Corpor&Uon Wed 15August1965,8352-20
9043.
libld.
 141

C15
Lucknow,1924*
Butler Monument,,
GeorgeHoward Thomas

Plate 23

BronzeEquestrianstatue 116nhigh

31 GNED

onmonum-entbase Geo.
Howard
Thomas
Sc,E.J. Parlantl Founders,
London1924

Thefigure onthis bronzeequestrianstatue is in contemporary dress-

overcoat,trousers,shirt with tie. His right arm is slightly bent,
extending upwards as in a greeting with the right handholding his hat,
The.figure Is holdingthe reins In his left hand.Theright rear leg of the
mount is advanced, The right fore leg of the mountis raised. Thehead
of the mount faces downwards and is turned slightly to the right. The
headof the portrait figure looks to the left,

Sir HarcourtButler, U. S.1,G.C.I.E.,was Governorof the United

Provincesandof Burmaanda memberof the Governor-General's
CounciV In 1910, he was appointedas the first Memberof the

et.6,19060913.
I M4umder
 142

Departmentof Educationfor India.2 In 1927, the Secretary of State

appointed the Indian States Committee of which Butler was the Chair
to Investigate the relationship betweenBritish India andthe Indian
states,' The monument was erected through a public subscription
raised by the natives as well as the British residents of the 4
area.

PROVENANCE
Thestatue Is currently In the storagecompound
adjacentto the State
Museum, Lucknow,India.5

EXHIBITED
RA 1931(1559-bronzestatuette)

LITERATURE
"HeritageGoingto Seed.'OTimesof India,22 June,ny, np
Anonymous,

'Ibid, 943.
Ibid.,913.
bdngingtNeWormrAiontomysitenUon.
A.P.O.Taylorfor
I amindebtedto
51hayebeenunabletolocale
consistent Wormation
andaccurate theoriginal
regarding sitefor
thestatue.
 143

C16
CanningMonument,Calcutta, 1874*
John Foley, R.A. (1818-74) and Sir Thomas Brock, R.A. 0 847-
1922)

BronzeEquestrianStatue

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal JOHN,
CHARLES, LORDCANNING,K.G.,C.
S.L/ GOVERNOR-
GENERAUAND/FIRST VICEROYOFINDIA/1856-62/BORN14 DECEMBER
1802/DIED17THJUNE1862'

CharlesJohn, I st Earl Canning,K.G.,G.C.B. 0 812-62) was Governor-

Generaland Viceroy of India (1856-62). The statue was fundedby a
public subscription, Foley started work on the statue which was
completed by Brock following Foley's death in 1874.

PROVENANCE
Thestatue is currently standingIn the PoliceHospitalgrounds
overlooking the grave of, Charlotte, LadyCanning,
at West
Barrackpore,
13engal,India. The monumentwas originally located on the north side or
2
EdenGardens, Cal
CUtta.

I Wording kindlyproQedbyUgadler-Generalk
onInscription K.Sanyal,
SthGurk&Rfles,
Bemkpore,inmespondencetifth theauthor,
17May1992.
Bimey,30.
 144

KNOWN VERSIONS -
Marb]e bust ( 1873,Dr.BhauDajI Lad-Museum,
Bombay)

LITERATURE
A. Hare,The StoCyot Two NobleLives- Charlotte CountessCanningand
Louisa.MaroChioness of WaterforgL3 vols., vol. 2, London,1893,320; J.
Ruskin,JU-WffJM CookandWedderburn(ed.), 39 vols,, vol. 10, London,
1903-12239; W,K. Firminger, Thacker's Guideto Calcutta Calcutta,
1906,56; H.E.A. Cotton, Calcutta Old and New,Calcutta, 1907,388-
39 1; W.S. Birney, Calcutta Quidt Calcutta, 1946,30; Handbookto India.
Pakistan. Burmaandleylm London,1949,107; B. Read,Victorian
aQj NewHavenandLondon,1982,72; P. Davies,SQlendoursof the
Raj. British Architecture In India 1660-1947, London,1986,84; India
office Oriental Collection files Mss.EurD661 (45),'Mss. EurG38/2
(LXII g).
 145

C17
Cli ve Monument, Calcutta,, 1913
John Tweed (1869-1933)

Plate 24

Marblestatue 90* high on pedestal 48" high

INSCRIPTION
CLIVE

This heroic marble monumentIs of a figure wearing military

uniform. The right arm extendsslightly forward. The right hand
holds a document.The left arm relaxes at the side. The left hand
holds the hilt of a sword.

RobertClive, I st BaronPlassey(1725-74) was Governorof West

Bengal(1758-60and1765-67). In 1907,Sir William Forwood,
whilst in Calcutta,noted that nostatue hadbeenerectedto Clive,
"the founderof the British EmpireIn India," In response,Lord
Curzonorganizedthe CliveMemorialFundwhichconsistedof
himself, LordsLansdowne, Roseberry,Elgin,RobertsandAmpthill
and Mr. PercivalLandon, a Londonbanker.2Thegroupproposedthat
Cliveandthe onehundredfiftieth
two statuescommemorating

Forwood Inthe
quoted S.
Graphic,
INd.
 146

anniversary of the Battle of Plassey should be raised in both London

andCalcutta.3 Mr. C. B. Bayley was the Honourary Indian Secretary
for the fund in Calcutta.4 The statue was presentedto the Trustees
of the Victoria Memorialby the Lord Clive Memorial Committee
acting for LordCurzonin 1913.3

PROVENANCE
Victoria Memorial,Calcutta, India

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1910 (1789-model); 1935 (1700-posthUMOUS
bronzestatuette)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Variant of Clive monument(1912, London)

LITERATURE
D-allyGra,, 3 May 1907,5; BengalPast and PresmL vol. 1, no. I
(July 1907), 73; 8486; Victoria Memorial. Calcutta: Illustrated
Catalogueof Exhibits, 1925, Calcutta, 1925, Item 399; Handbookt.Q
India. Pakistan.BurmaandCe", London,1949,116; L. Tweed,JDha
TweedSculptor. AMemoir London,1956,149-52; Descriptive
Catalogueof Busts andStatuar)Ljn the Victoria Memorial Calcutta,
1978,1; A, Byron,Londonstatues: A GUideto London'sOutdoor
London,1981,97; B. Read,Victoria ScWDJUM
New HavenandLondon,1982,352

'Ibid.SeealsoftngalP dPresent,
73,84,86.
'Ibid.
5DegoptlyeCatalogue
ofBustsandStalumyln
theYlctod&MemodN
1.
 147

C18
ConwayMonument,,Madras,,1845
John Ternouth ( 1795-1849)

Marble 5tatue 73" high on marble pede5tal 51 n high, 34" wide

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal front THESOLDIERS
FRIEND/CONWAY/ADJUTANT
GENERAL/0131 IT 13THMAY1837/ERECTED
BYTHE/ARMY/AND
THE
PUBLIC

SIGNED
on statu Ternouth, Sculptor, Pimlico, London

This life-size standingmarblefigure wearscontemporarymilitary

dress. A capedrapesaroundthe backof the figure extendingover
the right arm. Theleft handholdsa documentwhich is raisedto the
chest. Theleft leg extendsforward,

ThomasHenrySomersetConway(1779-1837), C.B., Brigadier-

Generalof the MadrasArmy joined the military services of the EIC
in 1793. Hewas responsiblefor Improving the housingof the
military officers in the MadrasPresidency. Inadditiontohis
military duties, Conwaywas also a prominent FreemasonIn the
MadrasPresidencywhere he was Wor,Master of Lodge"Perfect
 148

Unanimity".Hediedof choleraat Nakarikalla.Thestatue was

erected by public subscription.'

PROVENANCE
St. Mary's in the Fort) Madras,India

EXHIBITED
RA 1845 (1337)

LITERATURE
J. J. Cotton, List of Statues, Monunnentsand BUStSErected in Madras
In HoDourof DistinguishedServanjs of_thQState, Madras,1898,63;
St. Mary's, Fort St. GeOrge- The-Storyof a Church1680- 1980, ed.D.
SinghandH.Lakshmanan, Madras,1980,138

'WMWIMcWWned
onpedestelkisOpUon.
 149

cig

Cornwallis Monument, Madras,1800*

Thomas Banks, R.A. (1735-1805)

Plate 25
I

Marblestatue 96" high on a marble pedestal 54" high with relief

panel

INSCRIPTION
on Dedestal THIS IS
STATUE ERECTED
BYA GENERAL
VOTE/ATTHE
JOINTEXPENSE OFTHEPRINCIPAL OFMADRAS/AND
INHABITANTS OF
THECIVIL ANDMILITARYSERVANTS
OFTHEEASTINDIA
TOTHEPRESIDENCY
COMPANY/BELONGING OFFORTST.GEORGE/AS
A
OFTHEHIGHSENSE
TESTIMONY
GRATEFUL THE
THEYENTERTAIN/OF
CONDUCT OFTHE/MOST
ANDACTIONS THEMARQUIS
NOBLE
THETIMEHEHELDTHEHIGHOFFICES
CORNWALLIS/DURING
GENERAL
OF/GOVERNOR ANDCOMMANDERIN CHIEF/OFALLTHE
IN MADRAS
FORCES

This heroic marble standing t1gureis poised with his right arm
extending forward as if giving a direction, The left handrests on
the hip. The figure wears a contemporarymilitary uniform covered
by the robes of the Knight of the Garter. A strut, toppedby a crown,
supports the left arm from behind. A shield carved with Cornwallis'
 150

coat of arms and a sword are at the base of the strut. The figure
looks to the front. The pedestalrelief narrates the handingover of
the two sons, Abd-ul-Kilak, agedeight, andMasu-ud-Din,agedten,
of the ruler of Mysore,Tipu Sultan ( 1750-99), underthe terms of the
1792Treaty of Seringapatam,to Cornwallis.

Charles Cornwallis, I st Marquess, 2nd Earl, Viscount Brown (1735-

1805) was Governor-General of Fort William from 1786-93 and
again for a brief period in 1805. In 1792 he launched an attack on
the Fort at Seringapatam belonging to Tipu Sultan, the ruler of
Mysore. His troops defeated the native forces and their French allies
with Tipu Sultan surrendering in February, 1792. Cornwallis
negotiated a treaty with Tipu giving the EIC vast amounts of land In
the South of India and several crores of rupees. The citizens of
Madras welcomed the Governor-General with a great victory
celebration. In addition, a public meeting was held at the Town Hall

on 21 May, 1792 with David Haliburton, Member of the Board of

Revenue,acting as Chairman.' The assembly voted to collect funds
for a public subscription In order to commission a statue of
Cornwallis as well as a full-length oil painting! The committee in
Madras asked the Court of Directors of the EIC to help with the
selection of a sculptor to execute the statue. ' In turn, the Court of
Directors requested that 51rJohn Call (1732-1801), M.P. for
Callington, handle the 4
matter. Call met with the Council of the

Mgim&uft 7June1792,4.
'Ibid.
PTOtoEnoand,vol.=i, 6October1792.
FarInMon,
DINyofJoseph Yol.2,1Apd1795,32
1.
 151

RoyalAcademyandaskedthem to hold a competition, select an

artist and supervise the work.5 Bankswas the only sculptor to
producea model for the 6
competition. He completedhis f Ina] model
of CornwallIs on 25 May 1796.7Banks completed the statue for
MadrasIn 1800 where it was unveiled on 15 May 1800.8Banks was
paid L2000 for his work-9

PROVENANCE
The statue is now on display on the main floor of the Fort St. George
Museum,Madras,Tamil Nadu,India. The statue was originally
erected on the ParadeGrounds of Fort St. George. In 1825 it was re-
located undera cupola In front of the Secretariat Building, Fort St.
" The statue was later movedto the ReadingRoomof the
George.
ConnemaraLibrary before being transferred to the museumin 1948.11

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1800 (1087,1088,1096)

Ibid.Cd3peclfled thatthecompleted3tatue3hould beapproximatelyfln height.

Ibid, 2November 1795,398.
1Ibld,25M&y179G, 5SG.Banks requested thatmembersoftheCounciloftheRoyal
Academycome to hisstudioto approve thefinalmodel.ThemembemoftheCouncilincluding
Dance,Bacon,Lawence,Farington Inspected the4'modelonMonday, 30May1795at 1000hr3
[EodnoZ Yol.2,30May1796,565).
llyladrwCotoer2lMay1800,1;Calcutta Gazelt 5June1800,3.
1FaMngton Yol.2., 1April1795,321.Thiswastheamount specifiedbyCellathisfirst
meeting withtheCouncil oftheRoyalAcademy. FaMgtonnotedIn hisdiary
entryof 9August
1796thatheleftBanks wouldmakea profitonthestetuesincethemarble Costapproximately
L200. I'mingtonlekthatBank3would' dear12orl 1300bythe3tetUe!(636).
...
"Love, 405.
"Thisinformation hasbeensuppledbyM3.Sathybahma Rao,Curator, FortMu3eum,
Madras.
 152

LITERATURE
Madras-Courier,7 June 1792,4; Calcutta Gazette5 January 1797,
13; MadrasCourier 21 May 1800,1; Calcutta Gazette5 June 1800,3;
T. Bacon,First lmgressionsandStudies from Nature in Hindusin 3
vols., vol. 1, London,1834,100-0 1; Handbookof the Madras
Presidency,London,1879,144; J. J. Cotton, List of Statues,
MonumentsandBusts Erectedin MadrasIn Honourof Distinguished
Servants of the 5t&, Madras,1898,4; H. D.Love,Vestiges of Old
Madras'3 vols., vol. 3, London,1913,405; H.A. Newell, Madras: The
Birthglace of British India Madras,1919,52; C.F. Bell, The Annals
of ThomasBanks Cambridge,1938,112; Handbookto India. Pakistan.
Ou[maandCeylon London,1949,606; M.Whinney,Sculpture in
Britain-1 530-1830, London,1964,332; The Diary of Joseph
EaLtDZDjjK. Cave(ed.), 6 vols., vol. 2, New Haven,1978,321,367,
369,373,398,463,556,563,636; M.Archer, "Neo-Classical
Sculpture in India," Aulk, 120 (July 1984), 52; P,Davies,
Splendoursof the RaL Harmondsworth,1987,30-2; P. Davies,
P nguin Guideto the Monumentsof India Vol. 11: Islamic. RaiguL
L[gpeaj London,1989,546; S. Rao,An II lustrated Guideto Fort St.
Qeorge-Mustum. Ma= Madras,1990,2; B. Groseclose," Imag(in)
Ing Indians," Art Histocy,vol. 13, no. 4 (December1990), 495-96
 153

C20
CornwallisMonument,
Calcutta,1803*
John Bacon the Younger (1778-1859)

Plate 26

Marblestatue 87" highona stonepedestalwith two accompanying

allegorical femalefigures

INSCRIPTION
on nedestal INHONOUR OFTHEMOST
NOBLE/THEMARQUIS
OF
CORNWALLIS; K,G./OOVERNOR-GENERAL
OFINDIA/SEPTEMBER
1786TO
OCTOBER BYANADMINISTRATION
1793/WHO, UNIFORMLY
THEPRINCIPLESOFEQU
CONDUCTED/ON ITY,WISDOM
ANDSOUND
THEINTERNAL
POLICY/IMPROVED RESOURCESOFTHE
COUNTRY/ THEHAPPINESS
PROMOTED OFITS
THEFRIENDSHIP
INHABITANTS/CONCILIATED OFTHEFOREIGN
CONF
POWERS/ THEATTACHMENT
IRMED OFTHEALLIESOFTHE
COMPANY/AND THEREPUTATION
ESTABL15HED OFTHEBRITISH NAME
INHINDUSTAN/FORGOODFAITHANDMODERATION BYFIXINGIN
THEPUBLIC
PERPETUITY DEMAND/FORTHELANDEDREVENUE/HE GAVE
FORTHEFIRSTTIMETOTHEPROPRIETOR OFTHESOIL/APERMANENT
IN IT/ANDBYTHEFORMATION
INTEREST OFA CODE OFREGULATIONS
FOREVERYDEPARTMENTOFTHEOOVERNMENT/HE BESTOWED ONTHE
OFINDIATHEBENEFIT
NATIVES OFA CONSTITUTION/ANDA SECURITY
UNKNOWN
BEFORE INTHEENJOYMENTOFTHEIRRIGHTOF
INTOA WARBYTHEUNPROVOKED
PROPERTY/FORCED AGGRESSION
OF
 1S4

MILITARYTALENTSIN THECONDUCT
EMINENT
TIPOOSULTAN/HIS OF
THANHISMODERATION
NOLESSCONSPICUOUS
IT WERE IN
A LASTINGMEMORIAL
VICTOPYlAt-n SERVICES
OFTHESEIMPORTANT
ANDESTEEM
THEIRRESPECT
ANDAS A TESTIMONY/OF FORA
WHOSE
GOVERNOR-GENERIAl/UNDER ADMINISTRATION
PUBLICSPIRIT
REWARDED/THIS
ANDMERITLIBERALLY
WASENCOURAGED STATUE
OFBENGAL/A,
BYTHEBRIT15HINHABITANTS
WA5ERF(-'TE[) D
MDCCCIII

I7e marble statue of a standing figure is poised with

Th,,s heroic C,,
trie rigrit riand eytPriding the olive oranct) of ppace The f igure nolds
a sword in Lhe left hand, the tip touchinc'Ithe thiqh, The f igure Is

wearing the costume of a Roman general. An overflowing cornucopia

is oenind the left foot which extends, forward, Two female

a] legorical rigures:sit at the baseof the pedestal PrudenceIs or)

tlie richt andTruLh,holding her mirror, is on the left. Sword-5arid
shields are lying between the figures,

(r -]s ornwallis., Ist Marques 2nd

-1,;, Earl, Vicscount Brown (I Ki9,-
,. -1
11805)was 0-overrior-Gener-alof Fort WII I! all"I in Bengal frori*i 1786-
97
He was re-appointed to the position of Governor-General in
".
1805 but died shortly after his arrival, Colonel Kydd headedthe
suo,, committee in Calcutta, ' Jonn Bacon, R.
A. ( 1740-99)
-)rr1pt1on
was a5ked to execute a simillar statue to that which he had just

completed for the EIC, London ( 1798), 2 The statue for Calcutta was
completed by John Bacon the Younger ( 1777-1856) In 1803. Bacon

I Handbook 1802,91.
oftheBeng Presidency,
'Archer,1986,89,
 155

receivedE5000for the '

work.

PROVENANCE
Thestatue is in the collection of the Victoria Memorial,Calcutta,
Calcutta. 4
India. Thefigure was originally erectedIn the TownHall,

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1801 (915-Prudence);1802 (1042-Truth)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Variant of the statueof Cornwallisfor the EIC(Bacon,1798);
portrait headis a variant of severalbustsexecutedby the elder
BaconIncludingonefor the EIC(1798),Calcutta(1798)andthe
private collectionof ClaudMartin(1798,Lucknow);a variant of the
bust executedby Baconthe Youngerf or Bombay( 1803,untraced)

LITERATURE
R.Cecil, Memoirsof John Bacon, RA with Reflections Drawn
-Esq.,
a Reviewof His Moral and-ReligiousCharacter,London,1601,
-f-rom
Lives of the British Painters, SculQtorsand
19; A, Cunningham,
Architects, 6 vols, Vol. 3, London,1830,242; Handbookof the BenW
Presidency,London,1882,91; "The Cornwallis Memorial." Bengal
past and Present Vol. 1 (1901), 78-80,186; W.K. Firminger,
Thacker's Guideto Calcutta, Calcutta, 1906,44; H,E.A. Cotton,
Calcutta Old andNew,Calcutta, 1907,364-88; A. Cox-Johnson,"A
Gentleman'sAgreement." Burlington,, 1959,240; P.J. Pollard,

3Cox,
Johnson,
240.
1Ben(W 190li 166.
Putmd Present,
 156

"Matthew Boulton andConradHeinrich KOchler." Numismati-c

Chronicle 7th series, X, 19701273-4; Descriptive Catalogueof
Rusts and Statua[y in the Victoria MemocIaLCalcutta, 1978,5; P.
Rohatgi," India andBritish Sculpture." India Off ice Libracy and
Records-Newsletter no,28 (March 1983), 7; M.Archer, "Neo-
Classical Sculpture In India," ADollo 120 (July 1984), 53; M,Archer,
The India Oftice Collection or Paintinos and Sculpture, London,1986,
95; 1OOCfIIe 524 (F 513)
 157

C21
Cornwallis Monument, Bombay*
John Bacon the Younger ( 1778-1859)

Plates 27,28

Narble StatUe 73" h1gh

INSCRIPTION
on original oedestal. now lost THIS MEMORIAL
IS CONSECRATED/BY
THE BRITISH INHABITANTS OF THE PRESIDENCY THE
OF/BOMBAY/TO
NAMEANDCHARACTER OF/CHARLES MARQUISCORNWALLIS,
IN GHAZIPUR,THE
OF INDIA/WHORESIGNED
K,G,/GOVERNOR-GENERAL
OF/BANARAS/ONTHE5TH OFOCTOBER1805/A LIFE
PROVINCE
TO THESERVICEOFHIS KINGAND/COUNTRY/BUT
DEDICATED MORE
DEVOTED/INITS REGRETTED
ESPECIALLY CLOSE/TOTHERESTORATION
OF PEACEIN INDIA/ANDTO THEPROMOTION
OFTHEBEST
THEEAST INDIA COMPANY/
INTERESTS/OF BLEANDSTEADY
I NFLEXI
FIDELITYIN POLITICALTRUST/PURITYAND
COURA6F/ASACRED
OFHEART/ATEMPER
SINGLENES)S THEMIRROROFTHAT PURITY/A
I VE ANDWELLDISCI PLINEDJUDGMENT/
REFLECT IN THEMOSTARDUOUS
THEMOST
CONFLICTS/ADIGNIFIEDSIMPLICITYOFMANNERS/AND
PUBLICVIRTUEAND
ELEVATEDSEN5EOF HONOUR/EVERY
SPIRIT/EVERYGENTLEANDGRACEFUL HIM
AFFECTION/MADE
BELOVED/THE
U41VERSALLY/ADMIRED/REVERED/AND OF
ORNAMENT
OFTHEAGE/A MODELTO POSTERITY'
HIS COUNTRYAND

1881,122,
'Hodbook oftheBombUPresidencyA
 158

SIGNED
on statue John Bacon, F.
A.S., Sculptor, London, MDCCCXI
I

This life size marblestandingfigure is wearingcontemporary

military uniformunderthe robesandordersof the Governor-General.
The right arm, now broken and lost, held out the olive branch of
2
peace. The left arm, now broken, was originally supported by books
placed on a 3
column. The figure was originally accompanied by two
female allegorical figures which are now 105t.4 The portrait head of
the figure was broken in August 1965 and is now lost. 5

CharlesCornwallIs, I st Marquess,2nd Earl, Viscount Brown (1738-

1805) was Governor-GeneralandCommander-In-Chief of Fort
William, Bengal,from 1876-93 andagain in 1805. The monumentfor
Bombaywas erected by a public subscription raised by the military
officers of the Bombay 6
Presidency. The committee was headed by
Sir JamesMacintosh." Baconwas paid 5000 guineasf or the statue
which was completed by his partner, Samuel
Manning the Elder.'

PROVENANCE
The statue is currently in the gardens of the Dr. Bhau Daji Lad
Museum,Bombay, It was originally erected on Bombay Green.' in
'Ibid.
'Ibid.
'Ibid.
1985,34.
Valladares,
Bacon,1843,14.
lHmndbook oftheBomboyPre3ide 1881,122.
'Cox,Johnson,1959,239-40.
9Valladares,
1985,34.
 159

Au-ust,
y the
1965, statuewas to
moved the grounds
of the OldTown
"
Hall before being transferred to the Museum.

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1810 (882); 1811 (924)

LITERATURE
Handbookof the Bombay Presideact,London, 1881,122; J. Bacon,A
I etter to the Right-Hon.Sir Robert Peel. Bart., M.P, on the
Appointment of-a Commission for Promoting the Cultivation and
of the Fine Arts, with some suggestions resDectlaa
-ImDrovement
fgrmer commission, denominated "The Committee of Taste" London,
1843,14-5; C. MacKenzie,Sunshine and Storm of a Soldier's Life
London, 1848, entry for 10 January 1848; H. E. A. Cotton, Calcutta
Old and NeX Calcutta, 1907,387; A. Cox-Johnson, "A Gentleman's
Agreement. " Burlington Magazine 0 959), 239-40; 0. Valladares,
"Shadows of the Past. Tracing the fate of Bombay's magnificent, old
statues. " Ta j MagaziDt I st quarterly I ssue ( 1985), 34-5; S. Jha,
"Victims or Anglophobla." The Afternoon Despatch and CouLM. 24
September 1991,5; Municipal Corporation of Bombay, memorandum
dated 15 August 1965, B352-2,6; PRO(Kew) E/BN/24, E/BN/27

ofBombaymemomndumdated
11MurielpalCorpomUon ISAugust1965,B352-2,6.
 160

C22
Cornwallis Monument, Ghazipur,,1824
John Human, R.A. (1755-1826)

Plate 29

MarbleSarcophagus144" high

INSCRIPTION
on monument TO
SACRED THEMEMORY
OF/CHARLES,
MARQUESS
OFTHEMOSTNOBLE
CORNWALLIS/KNIGHT ORDEROFTHE
IN HISMAJESTY'S
GARTER/GENERAL GENERAL
ARMY/GOVERNOR AND
IN CHIEFIN INDIA/&c.&c. &c./HIS,FIRST
COMMANDER
IN SEPTEMBER
ADMINISTRATION/COMMENCING 1786 AND
TERMINATING 1793/WASNOTLESSDISTINGUISHED
IN OCTOBER BY
OPERATIONS
THESUCCESSFUL OFWAR/ANDBYTHEFORBEARANCE
WITHWHICHHEDICTATED
ANDMODERATION OF
THETERMS
PEACE/THANBYTHEJUSTANDLIBERALPRINCIPLE
WHICHMARKED
HIS INTERNAL REGULATED
GOVERNMENT/HE THEREMUNERATION
OF
OFTHESTATE/ONA SCALECALCULATED
THESERVANTS TOENSURE
OFTHEIRCONDUCT/HE
THEPURITY OFA
LAIDTHEFOUNDATION
SYSTEM WHILEIT LIMITEDANDDEFINED
OFREVENUE/WHICH THE
INTENDED
CLAIMSOFGOVERNMENT/WAS, TOCONFIRMHEREDITARY
TOTHE
TOGIVESECURITY
RIGHTSTOTHEPROPRIETORSAND
OFTHESOIL/HEFRAMED
CULTIVATORS A SYSTEM
OFJUDICATURE
WITHINSTRICTBOUNDS
WHICHRESTRAINED THEPOWERS
OFPUBLIC
 161

EXTENDED
FUNCTIONARIES/AND TOTHEPOPULATION
OFINDIATHE
EFFECTIVE OFTHELAWS/ADAPTED
PROTECTION TOUSAGES
AND
INTHEIROWNLANGUAGES/
PROMULGATED INDECEMBER
INVITED 1804
THESAMEIMPORTANT
TORESUME STATION/HE
DIDNOTHESITATE
INADVANCED
THOUGH AGETOOBEYTHECALLOFHIS
THESHORT
COUNTRY/DURING TERMOFHISLASTADMINISTRATION/HE
WASOCCUPIED A PLANFORTHEPACIFICATION
INFORMING OF
HAVING
INDIA/WHICH THESANCTIONOFHISHIGHAUTHORITY
WAS
CARRIED BYHISSUCCESSOR/HE
INTOEFFECT DIEDNEAR
THISSPOT
WHEREHISREMAINSAREDEPOSITED/ON
THE5THDAYOFOCTOBER
18051NTHE67THYEAR OFHISAGE/TH15MONUMENT
ERECTED
BYTHE
OFCALCUTTA/ATTESTS
BRITISHINHABITANTS THEIRSENSE
OF
THOSEVIRTUESWHICHWILLLIVEINTHEREMEMBRANCE
OFGRATEFUL
AFTER
MILLIONS/LONG IT SHALLHAVEMOULDERED
INTHEDUST

This free standingmarble sarcophagusIs decoratedwith an urn on

the top andacanthusmouldings. A portrait medallion of Cornwallis
in military uniform Is carvedon two or the four panels, A figure of
a Hindu is on the left with a figure of a Muslim on the right. Both
havetheir headsbowedin mourning. Crossedpalm fronds and lotus
blossomsact as decorationsbelow the portrait medallion. A similar
sceneis on the opposite panel with the rigure or a British soldier
and an Indian sepoyin mourning. Onthe alternate panelsare large
laurel wreaths.

CharlesCornwallis, I st Marquess,2nd Earl, Viscount Brown 0 735-

 162

1805) was Governor-Generalof Fort William in Bengalfrom 1786-

93 andagain in 1805. Hedied at Ghazipuron 5 October 1805 while
on tour. The Court of Directors commissionedJohn Flaxman,R.A.
( 1755- 18826)to executethe sarcophagusto'be housedi nsIde the
mausoleum which was erected by public subscription.' Flaxman
2
received the commissionIn February 1822. The monumentwas
completed In March 1824 and shippedto India In April. 3 Flaxman
4
was paid E525 for his work.

PROVENANCE
Ghazipur,Indla

VERSIONS
KNOWN
A variation on the figures andmotifs for the monumentto
CornwalIIs( 1813, Pulau PInang),the monumentto Josi ah Webbe
(18 11, Madras)andBarry Close(1813, Madras).

LITERATURE
j. Moffat, "MausoleumErecting at Ghazepurto the Memoryof
MarquessCornwallis,m Views from Calcutta. BerhamUore. Monglyr
andBenare5 London,1805, np; R. Phillips, An Account of a Voyacu
to India. Chinaetc. in His Majesty's Ship 'Caroline' London,1806,
entry ror 21 October 1805, np; Anonymous,'Monumentsand
MonumentalInscriptions, " H.E.I.C.United Sen/IceJournal (February

'Generalkcourt3
Ledger,
2
INd.
'IbId.
" INd.
 163

1837),157-60;E.Thornton,A Ga7eteerof the Territories Underthe

Government of the EastIndiaCompany,
andof the NativeStatesof
the Continentof India,London,1857,332;Anonymous, "Leavesfrom
the Editor'sNotebook,* BengalPastandPrestnL vol. XII (January-
May1916),92-3; R.Heber,Narrativeof a Journeyfrom Calcuttato
the UpDerProvincesof India,from Calcuttato BomLU 3 vols,,vol.
1, London,nd, 167,261,344-5; Handbook
to India,Pakistan.Burma
andCtylon,London,1949,464;T. Wilkinson,TwoMonsoons, London,
1976,19-21;T. Wilkinson,TwoMonsoma,(P.Kapoor,director),
London,1976;M.Archer,"Neo-ClassicalSculpturein India,* Apollo
120(July 1984),53; P.Davies,ThePenguinGuideto the Monuments
of Indiavol. 11:Islamic,Rajput,EuroUean, London,1989,219;B.
Groseclose, "Imag(in)ingIndlans,n Art History,vol. 13,no.4
(December1990),494; GeneralAccountsLedgerof the EastIndia
Company1.1.31,316;IndiaOffice OrientalCollectionMss.
GEN/167/174/2-26 andMss.R/4/355
 164

C23
Corrie Monument,Madras,1842
Henry Weekes. R.A. ( 1807-77

Plate 30

Marblestatue 96* high on a marble pedestal 30" high

INSCRIPTION
TOTHEMEMORY
on pedestal SACRED OF/RIGHTREV.DANIELCORRIE,
LLDCONSECRATED ON/14THJUNE1835, FIRSTBISHOP
AT LAMBETH
"GODFORBID
OFMADRAS THATI SHOULD IN THECROSS
GLORY/SAVE
OFOURLORDJESUSCHRIST, BYWHOM
THEWORLD IFIED/UNTO
IS CRUC
MEANDI UNTOTHEWORLD*.WITHTHESEWORDSTHE
FAITHFUL
OF/CHRIST
SERVANT INTOHISMINISTRATIONS
ENTERED AT
IN 1806AS CHAPLAIN
CALCUTTA EASTINDIA
OF/THEHONOURABLE
ANDFROM
COMPANY THEREHEPREACHEDHISFIRST/SERMON
AT
MADRAS OFTHATSEEBYTHEGRACE
AS BISHOP OFTHEHOLYGHOST
SHONE
HIS&IGHTINCREASINGLY BEFORE OF
MEN,AS A PREACHER
SALVATIONBYFAITH/INCHRIST,BOTHTOHISCOUNTRYMEN
ANDTO
THENATIVES;AS A TRANSLATOR
OF/THESCRIPTURES
ANDTHE
LITURGY ANDHINDUSTANI
INTOPERSIAN TONGUES; OF
AS A/LEADER
DESIGNS
THEMISSIONARY ANDOPERATIONS;
AS A FOUNDER OF
CHURCHES/AND ANDAS A PROMOTER
SCHOOLS; OFALLOTHER
MEASURES THE/DIVINEBLESSING
FITTEDUNDER TOBRINGTHE
OFCHRISTANDTOMASTENHIS
TOTHEKNOWLEDGE
HEATHEN
HAVINGTHUSSERVED
KINGDOM, HIS GENERATION
BYTHEWILLOF
 165

FELLASLEEP
GODME 5THFEBRUARY
INJESUS, 1837,INTHE60TH
WASERECTED
YEAROFHISAGE/THISMONUMENT TOHISMEMORY
BY
OFMADRAS
THEINHABITANTS

SIGNED
on statue H.D.Weekes,London,1842

This heroic size marble statue depicts Daniel Corrie, dressedIn the
robesof the Bishop,extendinga Bible In his right handto a native
youthwhogazesupat the Bishop.ThefI gureof Corrie hashisI eft
arm drapedaroundthe neckof the youth.

Daniel Corrie 0 777-1837) was the first Bishopof Madras,The

statue was erected througha public subscription in the Madras
Presidency. Thefunds raised were enoughto pay for the memorial
andestablish two scholarshipsto BishopCorrie's Grammar School.'
Weekescompletedthe monumentIn 1842. It was shippedto Madras
In the spring of 1843.2

PROVENANCE
Madras Cathedral, Madras, India

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1842 (1269)

I RepoO ofNshopCome"sGrammar
SchogtMadw, 1864,4.
2Illustratod
LondonNews1843,195.
 166

LITERATURE
Illustrated LondonNeWS,18 March 1843,195; ReDort of 131
Shop
Corri's Grammar Scbol Madras, 1864,4; Handbookof the Madm
Presidmc4 London, 1879,149; H. Weekes, Lectues on Art by Hffi[
Weekes London, 1880,294; J. J. Cotton, List of Statues, Monuments
and Busts Erected In Madras In Honour of Distinguished Servants of
jh 51atje,Madras, 1898,75; Bengal Past and Present vol. xi Wuly-
December 1915): 230; H. A. Newell, Madras: The Birthplace of British
India Madras, 1919,86; M. E. Gibbs, The Anglican Church in India
600- IM New Delhi, 1972,138; N. Penny, Church Monuments In
_I
Romantic EngLuj New Haven, 1977,16 1; B. Groseclose,
"Imag(in)ing Indians," Art Histo[y, vol. 13, no. 4 (December 1990):
506,540
 167

C24
CubbonMonument,,Bangalore
Baron Carlo Marochett], R.A. (1805-67)

Plate 31,32

Bronzeequestrianstatue 120nhigh on marble andstone pedestal

180mhigh

This bronzeequestrianstatue has the figure rigidly poisedon a calm

mount. The figure is wearing contemporarymilitary uniform. The
left handholds the edgeof an elaborate saddleblanket; the right
.
handholds a hat. Thehorse has a bridle but there are no reins or
stirrups, The head of the mount isturned slightly to the left; the
figure of Cubbonlooks forward.

Sir MarkCubbon(1784-1861) entered the service of the EICas part

of the Madras Infantry in 1800. He was appointedDeputy
CommIssi oner-Generalfor the MadrasPresidencyin 1822. He
assisted in suppressinga rebellion in Mysorein 1831. Cubbonwas
subsequently appointedCommissioner for Mysore in 1834, He held
the post until 1861whenhe retired dueto III health. Hedied at
Suezon his return to England.Marochetti designedthe monument
which was cast in his own '
foundry.

I lnter%AewiAth on,London,18June1990.
Dr.PhMpWardJack3
 168

PROVENANCE
Park,Bangalore,India
Cubbon
 169

C25
Curzon Monument,Calcutta, 1911*
SIr W. Hamo Thornycroft, R.A. (1850-1925)

Plates 33,34

MarbleStatue 120" with accompanyingallegorical figures

INSCRIPTION
oDpedestal CVRZON'

SIGNED
baseof statue Thomycroft, R.A. 1911
-Qn

The colossal bronzefigure faces forward; the left handis resting on

the hip. The right handIs holding the lapel of the jacket which is
coveredby the Robesof the Viceroy. The allegorical figures which
originally the
accompanied figure are missing.

GeorgeNathaniel, I st MarquessCurzonof Kedleston,K.G.,G.C.S.I.,

G.C.I.E.(1859-1925) was Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905. Lord
Curzonwas responsiblefor securing the funds for the building of the
Victoria Memorialin Calcutta. Healso headeda subscription list
which helpedpreserveother monuments,such as the Taj Mahal,and
for the commissioningof the statues of Clive for Calcutta (1913,
Tweed)andLondon(1912, Tweed), Sir Patrick Playfair headedthe
local subscription committee which raised E7,000 for the

I TheinscHpUon
13onane,%4y
erectedpedestal.TheodgindInscAption arelost.
panels
 170

2
monument.LordCurzon andPlayfair discussed possiblesites,
designsandsculptorsfor almostthreeyears;PIayfair finaIly
pressed Lord Curzon to make a 3
declsion. In theend,the sculptor
that LordCurzon wishedto executethe workfailed to produce a
drawingin theallottedtime,andThornycroftwasgiventhe
4
commission.Themodelwassentto Singer'sFoundry in Fromefor
castingIn April, 1911.5Theentiregroupweighingonehundred and
nineteentons was readyfor shipmentin September, 1911,1The
monument waspublicallyunveiledon8 April 1913,7

PROVENANCE
The statue is located on the Old Flagstaff Housegrounds,
Barrackpore,India. It was originally erected on the Maidan,
Calcutta,5

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1910 (1859-bust); 1911 (1797-Maternal Bliss); 1913 (1791-
Agriculture); 1913(1795-FamineReliP. 1914 (2021-plaster
-I);
model)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Replica (1912, London)
I Beettle,226.
'Ibid, 227.
4SeeIOOCMeMe*.Eur.FII It 161forcoNeeofthecorrespondence
between
PlWalrand
Curzon.SeealsoBeettle,227.
Beattie,227.
Ibid.,228.
Ibid.,230.
'Ibid.
 171

LITERATURE
S. Beattle, The NOWSculpture New Haven and London..1983,224-30;
B. Read,Victorian Sculpture New Haven and London, 1982,369;
Original photographs of the monument are held in the Henry Moore
Centre for Sculpture Studies, Leeds, Yorkshire; India Office Oriental
Collection files 430/61 (5-6); 430/62 (40), Mss. Eur. Fl 11/161

E. Manning. Marble and Bronze. The Art and Life of Harno

Thornycroft, London and Westfield, New je rs
- ey, 1982

0
 172

C26
CurzonMonument,Calcutta,1914
Frederick W. Pomeroy, R.A. (1856-1924)

Plate 35
-

Marblestatue 108" high on marble pedestal 47" high with two

marble panels

INSCRIPTION
CURZON

Thelarger-than-life marblestandingfigure is in contemporary

dresswearingthe robesof the GrandMasterof the Orderof the Star
of India, Theleft arm is underthe robeandholdsthe hilt of a sword,
Theright arm is relaxedat the side with the handholding
documents.Theright leg of the figure is extendingforward. The
figure looksforward. Therelief panelson the basedepict prominent
eventsin the life of Curzon:the NorthwestFrontierTribesoffering
their allegianceto the British Empire,handingoverthe Blackhole
Monument to the city of Calcuttaandthe Restorationof Public
monuments, suchas the Taj MahalIn Agra,for whichCurzonwas
dedicated.

GeorgeNathanielCurzon,1st MarquisCurzonof Kedleston,K.G.

(1859-1925) was Viceroy andGovernor-Generalof India from 1899-
1905, The statue was erected by the patronageof PrabashankarD.
 173

' Thestatuewas presentedto

Pattni, C.I.E.,the Dewanof Bhavnagar.
the Trusteesof the Victoria Memorialin 1915by Pattn1.2

PROVENANCE
Victoria Memorial grounds,Calcutta, India

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1912 (1784-model); 1912 (1863-pedestal rel ief); 1912 (1917-
pedestal relief); 1914 (2008)

LITERATURE
H. A. Newell, Calcutta: The First CaUital of British India. An
Guideto Placesof Interest Calcutta, 1906,119; W.S.
J-11ustrated
Birney, Calcutta Guide Calcutta, 1946,30; DescriDtiveCatalogueof
Busts Statuary in the Victoria Memorj-aLCalcutta, 1978,43; J.
-and
Morris, Stonesof EmDire.British Architecture in India, Oxford,
1986,183; P.Davies,SQlendoursof the Raj, British Architecture in
1660-1947 Harmondsworth,1987,212-3; P. Davies,Penguin
-1-ndia
Guide.to the Monumentsof India vol. I I: Islamic, Raiput, European
London,1989,297; India Office Oriental Collection files 430/61
(18), 430/61 (add 0

'DesedptWetelogualltsandStotguyin
theVictoda
MemoftCakuttk1978,43.
'Ibid.
 174

C27
DalhousieMonument,Calcutta, 1863**
William Brodie (1815-81)

Untraced

of Dalhousie
JamesAndrewRamsay,1OthEarl and I st Marquess
Generalof Indiafrom 1848-56,
(1812-60)was Governor

The 5tatue for Calcutta wa5 completedIn 1863. The figure wa5 in
civilian dress with a military cloak partially thrown over the
'
shoulders.

LITERATURE
Art Journal,1863,78

TheklmnalloncontalnedInthisartlele
'&MmIL 1863,78. Iseltholhosboonfound
thus
for,
 175

C28
Calcutta,,1863*
DalhousieMonument,,
Sir John Steel] (1804-91)

Marblestatue 78 1/2" high on marble pedestal 43 1/2" high

INSCRIPTION
MAROUESS
on-DedeAal DALHOUS
IE/GOVERNOR OF
GENERAL
,
INDIA/FROM 1848TO1856/ERECTED GENERAL
TOHISMEMORY/BY
SUBSCRIPTION

SIGNED
Sir JohnSteel], M. A.,Edinburgh,1863
On-stastua

Thelife-size marblestandingfigure Is wearinga morningcoat,neck

kerchief andtrousers under a cloak bearing the stars andribbon of
the Order of the Thistle, A rolled mapof the PunjabandOudhIs held
by Domhandsor the tigure in tront ot Me MeSt. The IndextInger of
the right handpoints to the map, The right leg is advanced.

JamesAndrewRamsay,I OthEarl and I st Marquess

of Dalhousie
Generalof Indiafrom 1848-56,Thestatue
(1812-60)was Governor
was erected by a Public subscription.

PROVENANCE
The statue Is currently In the collection ot the Victoria Memorial,
 176

Calcutta,WestBengal,India.ThetigureoriginallystoodIn the
ThroneRoomof Government House.' It wastransferredto the
1870.2
DalhousieInstitute, Calcutta, In

KNOWN VERSIONS
Plaster statue (Scottish National Gallery, EdInburgh)3

EXHIBITED
CaICLjtta
IndianMuseum, (1908)4

LITERATURE
Catalogueof Sculptures, etc, Destinedfor the Victoria MemorialHall
now be-tngexhibited in the IndianMuseum, Calcutta, 1908,1-2;
Victoria Memorial,Calcutta, Illustrated Catalogueof Exhibits,
1925, Calcutta, 1925, item 202; Handbookto India, Pakistan, Burma
and Ceylon,London, 1949,116; Scottish National Portrait Gall=
ConciseCatalogue,compiledby D.ThomsonandS. B. Lockhart,
Edinburgh,1977,36;DeRcriptiveCatalogueof BustsandStatua[yjn
the Victoria Memorlal,Calcutta,1978,23

i
theIndianMuRga 1.2.
'Ibld.
' Scottl3hNational
PoRreltGaperyConcls
aCatalogue Thomson
byDuncen
compiled and
j
36.The3teluemea3ures height.
0131641n
SheilaBruceLockhertoEdinburgh,
I Ibld.
 177

C29
Dev Monument, Calcutta**
Edward Gef lowski

Marblestatue

Raja Kali Krishna Dev (1808-74) was the grandson of Maharaja

NubkIssen,the famous Dewanof Clive, leader of the OrthodoxHindu
communityof '
Bengal.

PROVENANCE
The seated marble statue was originally erected in BeadonSquareat
the junction of BeadonStreet and Upper Chitpore Road,Calcutta,
India.2 The statue Is currently untraced.

LITERATURE
H. E.A. Cotton, Calcutta Old an.d New,Calcutta, 1907,428

I Cotton,
428.
'ibid.
 178

C30
DhayreMonument,Yangon,1890**
Thomas N. MacLean

Bronzestatue

PROVENANCE
Thestatuewas originally locatedin the HorticultureGardens,
'
yangon,Myarima.

EXHIBITED
R,A, 1890(1954)

LITERATURE
Gazette4 January1896,12
Rangoon

1WHO GAIIIII4MAY 1696,12.

 178a

C31
Dufferin Monument, Calcuttaj, 1890**
SIr Joseph Edgar Boehm, R.A. (1834-90)

Bronzestatue

TheNarquessof Dufferin, K.P.,O.C.B., G.C.M,G, was Governor-General

and Viceroy of India from 1884-88,

PROVENANCE
Thestatuewas originally locatedfacing the east approachto Fort
William onRedRoad,Calcutta,WestBengal,India.' It Is currently
untraced,

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1890 (2069)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Therewas a bustof Dufferin listed as remainingin Boehm'sstudio
_ 1891
on 12 February which is now untraced,

LITERATURE
W.K. Firminger, Thacker'sGuideto Calcutta, Calcutta, 1906,57; H.E.
A, Cotton, Calcutta Old andNew,Calcutta, 1907,398-400; W.S.
Birney, Calcutta Guide Calcutta, 1946,15; Handbookto India.
Pakistan. BurmaandCeylon London,1949,113; M.Stocker, Royalist
15.
Bhney,
421.
Stocker,
 178b

and Rtal ist The Life and Work of Sir Joseph Edgar Boj= New York
andLondon,1988,421
 179

C32
Maharajaof DurbhungaMonument,Calcutta,,1904**
Edward Onslow Ford, R.A. (1852-1901)

Marble Statue

MaharajaSir LakshmishwarSinghBahadur,G.C.I.E.of Durbhunga

(1845-98) was the leadingzemandir in the province of Bihar,, Heis
reputed to haveowned no less than 2,152 squaremiles of '
land, His
net annualrent was 30 1
lakhs. Hewas a memberof the Supreme
Legislative Council from 1883-98.4

PROVENANCE
Thestatueof the Maharajaof Durbhunga was standingin the
DalhousieInstitute, Calcutta, in 1946,5 Birneyaddsthat the
6
was
monument unveiled on 25 March 1904.

LITERATURE
Rengal-PastandPresent Vol. 1 (1901), 186-87; H.E.A. Cotton,
C&utU Old andNew Calcutta, 1907,410-11; W.S. Birney, Calcutta
Guidp,Calcutta, 1946,40; Handbookto India. Pakistan. Burmaand
Ceylm London,1949,121

I Cotton,4 10-11.
'ibid.
'ibid.
4
Ibid.
5 Bitney, 40.Handbook P*3tan.Bumnaand
toInd1% CeAon 121thatthe
notesonpaLge
Isstillstanding
statue Institute
intheDalhousie In 1949.
1Ibid.
 180

C33
East Monument,,Calcutta., 1828**
Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A. (1781-1841)

Marblestatue

INSCRIPTION
HYDEEAST,BARONET/CHIEF
on pedestal TO/EDWARD JUSTICEOF
THE/SUPREME COURTOFBENGAL/APRINCIPAL OFTHEHINDU
FOUNDER
PROMOTING/LIBERAL
COLLEGE/FOR EDUCATION
IN INDIA/THENATIVE
OFCALCUTTA/CAUSED
INHABITANTS THISSTONE
TOBERAISED/A.
D.
1821'

SIGNED
on statue Chantrey,Sc.,London,18282

The seatedmarble f igure wears heavyrobes. The right handis

raised to his cheekwith the left handholding his robes on the left
knee.'

Sir EdwardHydeEast (1767-1847) was Chief Justice of the Supreme

Court in Bengalfrom 1813-22. Hydewas the founder of the Hindu
CollegeIn Calcutta andwas, after his retirement In India, M,P. for
Winchesterfrom 1823-3 1. Hewas appointedmemberof the judicial

I Fh*ger, 42.
'Ibid.
forproiAding
to ik Yomington
lamIndebted a description
oftNsmonument.
 181

committee of the Privy Council in 1830. The monies for the statue
were raised by the native citizens associatedwith the HinduCollege
in Calcutta In 1821.4 Chantreycompletedthe statue In 1828,3
Chantreywas paidL 1338.1.7f or hi s work, the shipping andcrati ng."

PROVENANCE
The statue originally stood In the GrandJury Roomof the Supreme
Court in Calcutta! It was later placed at the top of the staircase
under the tower of the Court House on the Esplanade, Calcutta, West
Bengal, India."

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1829(1198)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Drawing(NPG316a, 42); pl. M.Ashmolean,43'

LITERATURE
ChantreyAccounts,RoyalAcademy,London; J Holland,MemorialsDL
Sir Francis Chantrey,In HalIamshire andElsewheMLondon,1851,
288; W.K.Firminger,Thacker'sGuideto Calcutta Calcutta,1906,
42; H.E.A. Cotton,CalcuttaOldandNew,Calcutta,1907,378; H.
Armitage, Francis Chantrey. DonkeyRoy and Sculotoc., London, 1915,

I amindebtedtoA.Yeftgtonforpro%4ding
tN3Wormation.
Ibid.
'Ibld.
I Cotton,
378.
Mdbooktoincil,P*Wan,IffMand CeAqL1949,100,
toKY&*gtonforbdnolne
91amIndelged thistomyettention,
 182

79; to
Handbook India, Pakistan, Burmaand London,
Cey]QD, 1949,
108
 183

C34
EdenMonument, Calcutta, 1887**
Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm,,R.A. (1834-90)

BronzeStatue

PROVENANCE
The statue originally stood on the site of the Holwell obelisk In
Calcutta.' It was re-located to the west side of DalhousieSquare,
a. 2
Calcutta,WestBengal,Indi Thestatue was later movedto the
3
insideof the gardensof DalhousieSquare.

Sir Ashley Eden,C.S.I., K.C.S.I. (1831-87) was Chief Commissioner

for Burma(1871-77) andLieutenant-Governorof Bengal(1877-82),
The statue was the result of funds being raised by public
subscription following Eden's death, It was unveiled 15 April '
1887.

LITERATURE
Magazineof Art (1882), xx; W.H.Newell, Calcutta. The First CaUltal
of British India. An Illustrated Guideto Places of Interest, Calcutta,
1906,72; H.E.A. Cotton, Calcutta Old andNew,Calcutta, 1907,410-
11; W.S. Birney, Calcutta Guide Calcutta, 1946,39; Handbookta
India, Pakistan,BurmaandCeylm London,1949,12 1; M.Stocker.,

Cottm,411.
39.
Bimey,
'INd.
4Ibid.
 184

RoyalistandRealist, TheLife andWorkof Sir joseph gar Boem

-Ed
NewYorkandLondon,1988,335
 185

C35
Albert Edward (as the Prince of Wales)Monument,
Bombay,1878*
Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm, R.A. (1834-90)

Plates 36,37,38,39

Bronzeequestrianstatue 204" high

INSCRIPTION
on Dedestal,now storage ALBERTEDWARDPRINCEOFWALES,
-in
VISIT TO
IONOFHIS ROYALHIGHNESS'
K.G.C.,C.S.I-IN COMMEMORAT
INDIA 1875-76 SIRALBERTSASSOON,
C.S.I., PRESENTED
THISSTATUE
TOHISFELLOW TOWNSMENOFTHELOYALCITYOFBOMBAY'

SIGNED
on baseof statue J. E. Boehm,
Sculptor, 1877/H.Youngand Co.,Art
Founders

This colossal bronzeequestrianstatue represents Albert Edwardas

the Prince of Wales. The figure Is In full military uniform with high
boots, The muscularmount has its left front leg raised. The figure
holds the reins in the left handand a plummedhat in the right. The
headof the figure is turned to the left. Details Includea saddle
with blanket, a sword hanging from the left of the f igure, campaign
medals on the left chest. The original statue had four bronze panels

'Municipal ofBombaymemomdum
Corporation datedISAugust1965,B352-2;
7.
 186

on the pedestal depicting events during the Prince's visit in 1875.

3
The statue was originally erected on a granite base234" high.

Albert Edward ascendedto the British throne In 1901 following the

death of QueenVictoria. The statue was commissioned by the
Jewish philanthropist, Albert Sassoon (1818-96), In 1876, for the
city of Bombaycommemorating the visit of the Prince of Wales in
1875-77.4 The commission was originally given to Matthew Noble
(1817-76). ' However, no work had been done on the statue at the
time of Noble's death and the commission was given to Boehm." The
monument was completed In 1878.7 It was unvel I ed on 26 June
1879 by Sir Richard Temple, Governor of Bombay." Boehmwas paid
f, 10,000 for hi5 work. "

PROVENANCE
Thestatue is currently positionedin a gardenareadirectly past the
f ront entranceto theJi j amataBhonsaUdyan,ByculIa, Bombay,
India. The statue was originally positioned opposite the Army and
NavyStores Building andold Watson'sHotel on EsplanadeRoad,10

II amIndebtedto FoyNI33enforbringing
thisto myettention.
InApril,1992,NissanandI
loceledthepanelski thebasementstorageareaoftheDr.BhauDapLadMuseum, Bombay.
3MunicipalCorporationofBombeymemorandwn dated15August1965,B352-2,7.
I Yallad=3,33.
'NoblehadpreAou3ly executedthefigureofAbed,PrinceConsort f ortheS833oon3.See
C1.
I Stocker,101.
I Jackson,56.
IMJourn 1879,243.
1lamIndebted to FoyM33enforpro%4ding
thl3kiformatlon.
"Ibid.
 187

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1878 (1479); ExpositionUniverselle, Paris, 1878 (model)"

LITERATURE
Art Journal(1879),243; 11lustrated LondonNews,12July 1879,np;
Handbook to India,Pakistan,BurmaandCeylon,London,1949,14; 1.
S.Jackson,TheSassoml London,1968,56;0. Valladares,-Shadows
of the Past, Tracingthe Fate of Bombay's magnificent,
old "
statues,
Tal Magazine,I st quarterlyIssue(1985),33; P.Davies,ThePenguin
Guideto the Monuments of IndiaVol. 11:Islamic,Raiput,EuroQean
" TheAfternoon
London,1989,442;S.Jha,"Victims of Anglophobla,
DespatchandCourier,24 September1991,5-6; M.Stocker,Royalist
andRealist: TheLife andWork of Sir JosephEdgar Boehm New York
andLondon, 1988,101-02; IndiaOff Ice OrientalCollectionf Iles
447/1 (23)

"Stocker,
102.
 188

C36
King Edward VII Monument.,Madras,,1903
George Edward Wade (1853-1933)

P-IaLe 40

orize statue 196"high on stone pedestal 60" high

INKRIPTION
1,1 A
pedlestal fl-U^rttEDVVnRD
Vilth pedestal back PRESENTED/TO
THE
BAHADALODD,
CITYOFMADRAS/BY/RAO, KP,1'1-"HNADAS
i3ALAMUKUNDA', LED
--)/UNVEI BY/H-E LORDAMPTHILL6 C,I,E /CiOVERNOR
OFMADRAS/8THAPRIL 1903

This larger-than-life bronzestatue of a standing figure Is poised

with his left handextendingforward holding the orb. Theright arm
is relaxed at the side, extendingoutwards, holding the sceptre, The
I<inqis wlearinghis crown andcontemporarydress underhis
coronationrobesedgedwith ermine which fall into deepfolds at the
na;P ot tne statue.

The 5t@tUewas erected through the personal patronage of Rao

BahadaLoddKrishnadasBalamu?undas,a wealthy native banker. The
statue was unvel led (N)8 April l903hyLnrdAmpthilI. GCI. E,
G,)vernur of Madras,
 189

PROVENANCE
Oval adjacent to the approachof the Willingdon Bridge, Madras,India

LITERATURE
The Friend of India andStatesmal 12 June 1902,1; Higginbotham's
Guideto-MadrasMadras,11903,76;Handbookto India, Pakistan,
BurmaandCeylon 1949,606; B. Read,Victorian Sculpture New
HavenandLondon,1982,369
 190

C37
King Edward VII Monument,,Delhi,, 1911
Sir Thomas Brock, R.A. (1847-1922)

Plate 41

BronzeEquestrIanstatue

INSCRIPTION
on original pedestal EDWARD
VII. KINGANDEMPEROR.
LETTHIS
MONUMENT ERECTED BYVOLUNTARYDONATIONS
OFTHOUSANDS
AND
OFHISSUBJECTS
THOUSANDS THROUGH
HISI NDIANEMPIRE,THERICH
GIVINGTHEIRWEALTH
ANDTHEPOOR BEAR
OFTHEIRPOVERTY,
TOTHEIRGRATEFUL
WITNESS MEMORY ANDHIS
OFHIS VIRTUES
MIGHT.HEWASTHEFATHER
OFHIS PEOPLE
WHOSE
DIVERSE
ANDCUSTOMS
RELIGIONS HEPRESERVED HIS
ANDIMPARTIALLY.
FORWISDOM
VOICESTOOD IN THECOUNCILS
OFTHEWORLD,HIS
WASAN INSPIRATION
EXAMPLE TOHIS VICEROYS,
HISGOVERNORS,
ANDTHEHUMBLEST
HISCAPTAINS OFHISSUBJECTS.
HISSCEPTRE
RULED OFTHEDWELLERS
OVERONE-FIFTH UPONEARTH.HISJUSTICE
THEWEAK,REWARDED
PROTECTED THEDESERVING
ANDPUNISHEDTHE
EVIL-DOER.HISMERCY
PROVIDED
HOSPITALS
FORTHESICK,FOOD
FOR
WATERFORTHETHIRSTYSOILANDLEARNING
THEFAMINE-STRICKEN,
HISSWORD
FORTHESTUDENT. WASEVERVICTORIOUS.SOLDIERS
OF
IN HISGREATARMYOBEYING
MANYRACESSERVED HISAUGUST
HISSHIPSMADESAFETHEHIGHWAYS
COMMANDS. OFTHEOCEAN
AND
HISWIDEDOMINIONS
GUARDED BYLANDANDSEA. HEENSURED
AMITY
 191

OFTHEWORLD
THENATIONS
BETWEEN ANDGAVEWELL-ORDERED
PEACE OFHISVASTEMPIRE.
TOTHEPEOPLES HEUPHELD
THEHONOUR
ANDTHERIGHTS
OFPRINCES OFTHEDEFENCELESS.
HISREIGN
WASA
TOHISWELL-BELOVED
BLESSING INDIA,ANEXAMPLETOTHEGREAT
TOTHEHUNBLE,
ANDANENCOURAGEMENT ANDHISNAMESHALLBE
DOWN
HANDED FROMFATHER
TOSONTHROUGHOUT ALLAGESASA
MIGHTY A MERCIFUL
EMPEROR, RULERANDA GREAT '
ENGLISHMAN.

on newly-erectedpedestal EQUESTRIAN
STATUEOFKINGEDWARD
VII /ORIGINALLYSTANDINGIN EDWARD/
PARKDELHII NDIA. THIS
STATUE/WAS IN THEPRESENT/SITE
ERECTED THROUGH
THE
IPTIONSOFTHECITYOFTHIS AREA.
GENEROUS/SUBSCR /TH1361FT TO
THECITYOFTORONTO/WAS
MADEPOSSIBLE
BYTHE/GOVERNMENT
OF
INDIAANDTHE/FORMER
CANADIAN
HIGHCOMMISSIONER/TO
INDIA,HIS
EXCELLENCE HONOURABLE
THE/RIGHT ROLAND C.C.D.
MITCHENER/C.
GOVERNOR OF/CANADA
GENERAL ANDBROUGHT
TOTHIS/CITY
THEPERSONAL/GENEROSITY
THROUGH OFHENRY ESQ.,O.C.
L. JACKMAN,
2
MAY24,1969/WILLIAM DENNISON/MAYOR

TnIS colossal bronze equestrIan statue depIcts the kIng In hIS

military uniform as Colonel-In-Chlef of the Guards.Theheadof the
figure is poiseddownwardslooking slightly to the left. The left arm
is bent at the elbow holding the reins In the left hand. The right arm
is relaxed. A sword is attached to the uniform at the left. The legs
of the mount are widely parted at the rear with the right rear leg
extendingforward. The right front leg is slightly bent andraised.
A IndiaKingEdwdMem DOW. OthDoember191IpIS.
I&nIndebted forproviding
toPaulneRohato photopplis ofthenow
andthewording
hxription.
 192

The left front leg is rigid andappearsto be pushingbackward.

The public subscription committee In Delhi was headedby the

Governor-General, the Earl of Minto.3 The committee, designated the
All India King Edward Memorial Committee, met at Viceregal Lodge,
Simla on 30 July 1910.4 The group resolved to erect a bronze
equestrian statue In memory or the 5
KIng. The committee resolved
that the maximum contribution an individual could make to the fund
would be Rs. 5000.6 The total funds that the group would collect
would be limited to 5 lakhs of rupees.? Four thousand guineas of the
fund were to be used to pay the sculptor for the memorial. 8 The
remainder would be for administrative costs, establishing the

gardens where the statue would be placed and an endowment for

their maintenance." The selection of a sculptor was to be decided
by the Executive Committee which consisted of: R. W. Carlyle, Mr.
Justice Mukharji, The Hon.B. Robertson, The Hon.H. Butler, The Hon.
Lionel Jacob, The Hon.C. W. N. Graham, Sir V. C. Thakersey, The Hon.
Khan ZulfI kar A] I Khan,The Hon.MalIk Umar Hyat Khan, The Hon.A. M.
Ker, Raja Sir Harham Singh, Lt. Colonel A. F, Pinhey, Mr. Meredith the
,
Commissioner for Delhi Division and Capt. J. Mackenzie who would
act as Honourary Secretary. 'O The individual donors who gave the

-'Ibid., 1.
'Ibid.
5Ibid.,2.
'Ibld.
'Ibid.
'Ibid.
'IWd.
"INd.
 193

maximum Rs.5000 were:"

The Raja of Kapurthala
Nizamof Hyderabad
The Raja of Nabha
Maharajaof Patiala
Maharajaof Bikaner
Nawabof Rampur
Begumof Bhopal
Maharajaof Mysore
Maharajaof Jodhpur
Maharajaof Jaipur
MaharajaScindia of Gwallor
Maharajaof Travancore
Maharajaof Rewa
MaharaoRaja of Bundi
MaharajaGaekwarof Baroda
Maharajaof JammuandKashmir
Maharajaof Jind
Maharaoof Korah
Maharaja of Udaipur
H. H. the Chhatrapatl Maharaja of Kolhapur
H. H. the Nawab Sahib of Junagadh
H. H. the Maharaj Ranaof Dholpur
H. H. the Raja SahebUdaji Rao Puar of Dhar
H. H. the Maharaja of Bharatpur
H. H. the Maharaja of Alwar
H. H. the Maharaja of Mourbhanj
Maharanaof Udaipur
H. H. the Nawab of Tonk

The entire amount of five lakhS of rupees was subscribed In little

more than one year." The statue was cast in the foundry of A. B,

"Thesenames fromtheappendlxwtkhl3tsd
havebeencompled donors
andamounts.
lzlbld.,13.
 194

Burton, Thames Ditton. "' The pedestal was erected by Messrs.

Cooper,Allen andCo.,of Cawnporein accordancewith designs
specified by 14
Brock. GeorgeV unveiled the monumentat 3:30 pm on
8 December1911."

PROVENANCE
currentiy stanasin aueen-sPark,Toronto,Ontario,
Themonument
Canada. The statue was originally erected in gardenson the Maidan
betweenthe Fort andJummaMasjId.'6

LITERATURE
A] I India King EdwardMemorial,Delhi, 8th December1911 Delhi

1911; Arts Review,vol. 23, no.3 (13 February 1971), frontis

llMsRmAey,yoI.23,no.3(13FebruW1971Lfrontis. onthefrontisIndicales
Infonnation
thelthe3taluawacastIn 1921.1haveamnedthelft I* atypogmpmcejefforonthepeltofthe
publiflers.
14ANlndkKlng
EdwWMemorW, DeIN.OthDecember 1911,14.
"Ibid.
"Ibid.
 195

C38
, King Edward VI I Monument, Patiala, 19 12*
Frances Derwent Wood, R.A. ( 1871-1926)

Bronze stdtue 87" high'

516NED
ori statue F. Derwent Wood,Sculptor, 191 2/A. Parlanti Foundry,
London'

PROVENANCE
This bronze standing statue of Edward V1I was moved to the Punjab
GovernmentMuseumin the late 1960S.3 It was originally erected in
the Fort are2 adjacent to the statue of OueenVictoria (1903) also by
wuu,d.

EXHIBITED
RAl 912 (1992-mmle, 1)

KNOWNVERSIONS
A va-riant was executed by Woodfor Yangon,Nyanma ( 1914).

'CotTe,, Patia,12Mamh
tpondenceAthGovemmentMuseum, 1992.
'ibid.
'Ibid,
 196

C39
King Edward VI I Monument,,Bangalore,, 1914
Sir Thomas Brock, R.A. (1847-1922)

Plate
42

Marblestatue 96mhigh on a stone pedestal 120nhigh

INSCRIPTION
onDedestal EDWARDVII/KINGOF GREATBRITAIN&
OF INDIA/ 1901- IO/ERECTEDBY PUBLIC
IRELAND/EMPEROR
1914
SUBSCRIPTION/

The heroic marble standing figure Is wearing the costumeof the

Knight of the Garter undercoronation robes. The left foot is
advanced.The left arm Is bent at the elbow with the left handat his
waist. The right arm is relaxed at the side holding the sceptre.

PROVENANCE
CubbonPark, Bangalore,Karnataka,India

LITEPATUPE
Handbookto India-Pakistan. Burma and Ceylon, London, 1949,590; P.
Davies, The PenguinGuide toLthe Monuments of India, vol. I le Islamic,
Raiput, European,London, 1989,534
 197

C40
King Edward VII Monument,,Yangon,,1914**
France$ Derwent Wood,R.A. (1871-1926)

Bronzestatue

PROVENANCE
The bronze 5tan0ing 5tatUe of King Edward Vil wa5 originally
positioned at the entrance to Dalhousie Park, Yangon,Myanma.1

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1914(2002)

KNOWN VERSIONS
A variant onthe bronzestandingstatuewhich Woodexecutedfor
Patiala, India(1912).'

LITERATURE
India.Pakistan.BurtnaandCean, London,1949,689
Handbook-to

BtmaendC@*M609.
HandboaktoIndia,Pakistan,
 198

C41
King Edward VII Monument, Calcutta, 1916
Sir Bertram Mackennal, R.A. (1863-1931)

Plate 43

BronzeequestrIanstatue

INSCRIPTION
m= VII/REXIMPERATOR
EDWARDVS

This heroic size bronzeequestrianstatue of the king wearing the

military uniform of the Colonel-in-Chief of the Guards.The gazeof
the figure is slightly downwardsand to the left. The left arm is
bent at the elbow andholding the reins in front of the chest which Is
decoratedwith medals. The right arm is relaxed. A sword is
attached from behindfalling to the left side. The legs of the mount
are widely parted with the right front leg slightly raised andthe
headappearingto rear. The left front leg of the mount Is at a
diagonalandappearsto be pushingbackward.

A] bert Edward assumed the crown In1 ()0 1. As the Pri nce of Wales,
he made a Royal Tour or India In 1875-77. In 1906, he went to
Calcutta and laid the cornerstone of the Victoria Memorial. The
statue was a personal tribute of HRHSir Aga Sultan MuhammadShah
Aga Khan, U. S.I., G.C.I.E.'

'Descdp! endStatynintheVictoftlylemodo
iYeC*Iogye Busts 39.
 199

PROVENANCE
Victoria Memorialgrounds,Calcutta, India

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1916 (177 1)

KNOWNVERSIONS
Variation for London(Queen'sGate, 1914)

LITERATURE

1925, Calcutta, 1925, item 2215; A Handbookto India, Pakistan.

BurmaandCeylon,London,1949,115; Descriptive Catalogueof Busts
andStatuary in the Victoria Memorial Calcutta, 1978,39; J. Morris,
Stonesof-FmDire.The Buildings of the Raj, Oxford, 1986,182-3
 200

C42
King Edward Yll Monument, Karachi, 1917*
Sir W. HamoThornycrort, R.A. (1850-1925)

Plate 44

Bronzestatue with four accompanyingallegorical groups

The bronzestanding figure is dressedin coronation robes wearing a

crown. The orb is being held in the left hand,the sceptre upright in
the right hand. Thefigure Is erected on a large pedestal basewith
four accompanyingbronzeallegorical figures or groupsrepresenting:
KurdahKhan,the first Indian V.C. in WWI;a British Private, Peace
Protecting YoungIndia andBritannia.'

The statue was damagedwhen It was being removed. The hoist

"
which was lifting it broke. Details of the damageare unknown.

PROVENANCE
The statue, its brokenparts andthe accompanyingf Igures are
currently stored In the PWDwarehouse,Karachi, Pakistan,' The
statue originally stood on the groundsof Frere Park, Karachi,4

hascomefromPhOtOOMP113
Thisdescription donatedbyMr3.Menrdng
totheHervyMoDre
SculptureStudle3Centm,Leed3CKyAAGdery, Leeds,Yorkshire.
II amindebtedto SueI'mingtonforprovldingtN3WomWon.
Ilbld.
41bid.
 201

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1915 (1733-Britannia)

LITERATURE
B. Read,Victorian SculDture NewHavenandLondon,1982,369;
Archives, HenryMooreSculpture Studies Centre, Leeds,Yorkshire
 202

C43
ElphinstoneMonument,Bombay,1864
John H. Foley, R.A. (1818-74)

Plate 45,46,47

Marble statue 85" high on a marble pedestal 600 high x 42" square

INSCRIPTION
onpedestal JOHNLORD
ELPHINSTONE/THE OF/THE
TRIBUTE
INHABITANTS OFBOMBAY/
1860

51 GNED

on statue J. H. Foley, R.
A., Sculptor, London,1864

Thestandingmarblefigure is poisedwith his left arm bent,the hand

at the waist. Theright arm Is relaxedat the side with the hand
resting on a pedestaltopped by two books. The figure wearsan
ermine and brocaderobe with buckledshoes. The hair Is natural
with long sideburns.

John, Lord Elphinstone,P.C.,G.C.B., G.C.H.(1807-60) was Governorof

Madras( 1837-42) and Iater Governorof Bombay( 1853-59). Funds
for the statue were raised through a public subscription in 1860,
The monumentwas completedIn 1864.
 203

PROVENANCE
Old Town Hall, Bombay,India

VERSIONS
KNOWN
marble bust (1864, Dr. BhauDaji LadMuseum,Bombay)

LITERATURE
Art Journal 1863,39; F. Nissen,MuniciDality of Bombay.Victoria
andAlbert Museum,BombayCecil L. Burns (ed.), Bombay,1918,43-
44; Municipal Corporationof Bombaymemorandumdated 15 August
1965,13352-2,16
 204

C44
Bombay,1833
ElphinstoneMonument,,
Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A. (1781-1841)

Plate 48,49

Marblestatue84" highona marblepedestal60" highx 31" square

INSCRIPTION
onDedestal THEHON'BLE/MOUNTSTUART
ELPHINSTONE/GOVERNOR
,
OFBOMBAY/1819-27

SIGNED
Chantrey,
onstatue- London,
Sculptor, 1833

Themarblestatueof a standingfigure is in contemporary dress,

arms folded. Theright handholdsa scroll. A capeis drapedaround
the shoulders,Thefigure looksto the right. Booksare piled behind
the left leg,

TheHonourable MountstuartElphinstone(1779-1859)was Governor

of Bombay from 1819-1827. He enteredthe service of the El
C in.
CalcuttaIn 1796as a memberof the civil service. Healso
participatedin severalmilitary operationssuch as the Mahratta War
of 1803 and Afghanistan in 1808, Hewas Resident at Peshwa from
1811-17. Elphinestone wrote An Accountof the Kingdomof Caubul
(1815)andtwo volumesentitled Historyof India(1844). Heretired
 20

In 1827after twice beingoffered the positionof Governor-General

of India. Moniesfor the statuewere raisedthroughpublic
subscription,Thelocal committeeIn Bombaywas representedby
' Theagreement
Messrs,BaggottCalvinCrawfordandCo.In London.
5tatedthat Chantrey5houldcompletethe monumentwithin three
years beginning 25 June 1829,1 It was further agreedthat the
statueshouldbeconstructedof the f Inest marbleandno less than
72" In height.' Chantreywasto receiveE2000for his work.4 The
fee was later extendedto 2500 guineas. ' Chantreywas paidE2100
on 10 January 1834 for the statue, the pedestal,packingand
transportingthe statue to the docksfor shipment. " Hereceiveda
further $471.2.7for theseexpenses. "

PROVENANCE
Old Town Hall, BoMbay,India

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1833(1177)

-1 '1appreciate
kYej*i$onf orbdnohgtN3to myettentlonw3hoeditedtheeccount3
of
Chw*vy. SaoalsoChantray Ledgon,Roo Academy, LondonendI oithcwing WWpol
a
ontheaccounts
Societypublicatlon ofChantrey
byYeMngton,Baker,Usberman endPott3.
'Ibld.
'Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
'Ibid.
I Ibid.
 206

VERSIONS
KNOWN
47' ; Marblebust (Victoria andAlbert Museum,
Pl. M,Ashmolean
London)

LITERATURE
CnantreyAccounts,RoyalAcademy,London;J, Holland,Memorlals of
Sir Francis Chantrey,In Hallamshire andElsewhere,London,1851,
289; Handbook-ofthe BombayPresidency London,1881,122; H.
Armitage, Francis Chantrey. DonkeyBoy andSculptM London,1915;
79; Municipa-lityof Bombay.Victoria andAlbert Museum,Bombay,
Cecil L. Burns(ed.), Bombay,1918,41; Handbookfor Travellers in
India, PakjBtan,BurmaandCeylol), 1955,9; M.Archer, "Neo-
Classical Sculpture in India,AApollo 120 (July 1984), 55; 0.
Valladares, "Shadowsof the Past, Tracing the tate ot Bombay's
magnificent, old statues." Ta Magazine,I st quarterly issue 0 985),
37; L, Nicholson,India in LuxuM London,1989,117

InA.YWneonand
0l@Mindobt@d 5.DunkodeyforbdnghgtNa
tomyeltention.
 207

C45
Forbes Monument, Bombay,,1841
Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A. (1781-1841)

Plate 50

Marblestatue 96" high on a marble pedestal 48'3high

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal SIR FORBES
CHARLES BARONET/THE
DISINTERESTED
BENEFACTOR OFTHENATIVEINHABITANTS THE
OFTHIS ISLAND/AND
FRIEND
TRIEDANDTRUSTED OFTHEPEOPLE
OFINDIA/ERECTED/IN
ANDGRATITUDE
ESTEEM
TOKEN BYTHENATIVEINHABITANTS
OF
BOMBAY

SIGNED
on statue Sir F. Chantrey,Sculptor, 1841

dressIs
This heroicstandingmarblef igurewearingcontemporary
holding a scroll in the right hand. The left hand holds the folds Of
the cloak to the chest.

Sir CharlesForbes( 1774-1849)was headof ForbesandCompany

of
Bombay.From 1812-18 he was M. P. for Beverly, The statue was
erected throughpublic subscription raised by the native Inhabitants
of the City, Chantreyreceived E3000 for his work.'

II amIndebted
tokYa*Omf orprWdngtW3hfom*WIonwhPe theledgers
sheedited of
Chantrrey.
 208

PROVENANCE
Old Town Hall, Bombay,India

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Drawing,NationalPortrait Gallery,316a(49); Pl. M.Ashmolean
501

LITERATURE
ChantreyLedgers,RoyalAcademy,London;Handbookto the Bomb-ay
London,1881,122; H.Armitage, Francis Chantrey,
-PresidenL4
DonkeyBoyandSculptor London,1915,79; L. Nicholson,India in
Luxticy,London,1989,117

'Ibid.
 209

C45
Fraser Monument, Calcutta, 1911*
Slr George Frampton, R.A. (1860-1925)

Plate 51

Bronzestatue 84" high on stone pedestal 168" high

INSCRIPTION
HENDERSON
onpedestal ANDREW LEITH/FRASER/KCSI
LLDD
60VERNOR/OF/
LITT/L IEUTENANT BENGAL/
1903 1908

51 ONED

on statue 6 RA,
Frampton, 1911

Thebronzestandingfigure is wearingtrousers,vest andshirt under

a top coat, Theleft arm is relaxedat the side with the handresting
on a strut support.Theright arm is bentwith the handholdingthe
lapel at the chest,

Andrew H.Leith Fraser was the Lieutenant Governorof Bengalfrom

1903-08.

PROVENANCE
The monumentis situated on the Victoria Memorial grounds,
Calcutta,India. Thestatuewas originally locatedon the east side
 210

of DalhousieSquare, '
Calcutta. It was movedto the Victoria
Memorial In 1957.2

LITERATURE
W.5, Birney,Calcutta6 Calcutta1946;39; Handbook to India.
Pakistan,BurmaandCeylon,London,19490121; Descriptive
catalogueor BustsandStatijacyin the Victoria MemorialCalcutta,
1978,41

I MmeyCalotitaGilde
39.
ofBustiand
'Dasdfte Catalogue StatumVinthe
ModaMemodo
Coict9ta,
1978,41.
 211

C47
Frere Monument,Bombay,1872
Thomas Woolner, R.A. (1825-92)

Plate 52

Marblestatue 860 high on a marble pedestal 62" high x 31 u square

INSCRIPTION
onDedestal SIRH.BARTLE
E.FRERE/6,
C.S.1 K.C.B,/GOVERNOR
OF
BOMBAY/ERECTEDBYPUBLI
CSUBSCRIPTION/1873

This heroicmarblestandingfigure Is wearingthe robesof the Order

of the Star of India over contemporarydress, The robes drapeover
the left arm which Is held forward, The left arm is bent at the
elbow with the handon the hip,

Sir HenryEdwardBartle Frere,G.C.S,1.(1815-85)joined the EICin

1834, Hewas Governorof Bombay;in 1867,hewas knighted,The
fundsfor the statuewereprovidedthrougha publicsubscription,
Frerewas a personalfriend of ThomasWoolnerwhomhehadmet In
1868.1Thefriendshiplasteduntil Frere'sdeathin 1885.2Hesat
for WoolnerIn 1868for the bust which was exhibitedat the R.A. In
1869,'4
'. kWoolnerOThonwWoolnjLR..
k ScWRjorand InLeltoMLondon,1917,
Poet.HsLWe
289.
'Ibld.
IlMd.
 212

PROVENANCE
OldTownHall, Bombay,India

EXHIBITED
RA. 1868(1001-marblebust); 1869(1285); 1872(1513)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Marblebust(1869,Library,Bombay
University)

LITERATURE
A, Woolner,ThomasWoolner,R,A, Sculptorandpoet, His Life in
I ettersq,London,1917,289;340-41; MuniciDalityof Bombay-,.
Victoria andAlbert Museum, Bombay,Cecil L. Burns(ed.), Bombay,
1918,44-5; MunicipalCorporationot Bombaymemorandum dated 15
August1965,6352-2,1%48; L. Nicholson,Indiain Luucy, London,
1989,118
 213

C48
King George V Monument, Calcutta, 1916
51r Bertram Mackennal. R.A. (1863-193 1)

Marblestatue 78" high on marble pedestal 84mhigh

INSCRIPTION
on Dedestal GEORGE
V/THEGIFTOFHISHIGNESS
THEAGAKHAN

SIGNED
on statue 1916
Mackennal,

This life-size standingmarblefigure is dressedIn the Orderof the

Garter. Rosettesdecoratethe shoesandthe garters. TheIeft hand
rests on the hilt of a sword;the right handIs resting onthe hip. The
the figure looksforward.
left leg Is sl Ightly advanced;

The statue was fundedby H.H.Sir Aga Sultan Muhammad

ShahAga
Khan.

PROVENANCE
Victoria Memorial,Calcutta, West Bengal,India

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1916(1771)
 214

LITERATURE
Descriptive Catalogueof Busts and Statuacy in the
-Victoria
Memorial Calcutta, 1978,35; 1ndia Off Ice Oriental ColI ectIon f Iles
430/62(12)
 215

C49
King George V Monument, Delhi, 1916**
Sir Bertram Mackennal, R.A. (1863-193 1)

Marblestatue

This standing marble figure of King GeorgeV is wearing the Order of

the Garter undercoronationrobes holding the orb andsceptre.1

G. C. S. 1.2
The statue fundedby H.H.the MaharajaSindhia of Gwalior,

PROVENANCE
Thestatuewas originally erectedon the porchof the Viceroy's
' It Is currently untraced.
Residence.

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1916 (1938)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
CaI cutta (19 16); Madras (nd)

LITERATURE
R.G.Irving, lndjn Summer:Lutyens,Bakerand Imperial Delhi New

I Wng, 263.
'Ibid.
islustratedin Metcale,236.
The3telue,onIs odginalske,
 216

HavenandLondon,1981,263; T. Metcalfe, An Imperial Vision,

BerkeleyandLosAngeles,1989,opposite236; RoyalInstitute of
British Architects,London,flies on Viceroy'sHouse,NewDelhi,
India
 217

C50
King George V Monument, Madras, 1918
Sir Bertram MacKennal, R.A. (1053-11931)

Plate 53

Bronzestatue 74" high on marble pedestal 96" high

This life size bronzestandingfigure wearscoronationrobesover

the costumeof the Orderof the Garter. Theorb Is held in the
extendingleft hand.Thesceptreis in the right. Theright leg Is
advanced,Thef Igurelooksslightly to the right. Train of the robeis
gatheredat the baseof the statue in front of the left leg.

PROVENANCE
Flower Poll BazaarStation, Madras,India

KNOWNVERSIONS
Variant of the statue for Calcutta (1916) andfor NewDelhi (1916)'

SeeC48andMjespedvely.
 218

cs I

King GeorgeV Monument,Calcutta, 1918**

Sir W. Hamo Thornycroft, R.A. (1850-1925)

Marble statue

Recordsof the R.A. Indicate that Sir William HamoThornycroft, R.A.

1850-1925) executeda standing marble statue of GeorgeV for the
Victoria Memorial,Calcutta. The monumentwas exhibited at the
R.A. 1911 (1959-model) and 1918 (1312). This statue is also
mentionedby B. ReadIn Victorian Sculpture,' The statue was not
located In the Victoria Memorial during visits In 1988,1991,1992.
It Is not listed In their latest cataloguepublishedin 1978.2

EXHIBITED
I
P A, 1915 (1733-Bri tanni,-a)

LITER'TUREE-
B. Read,Victorian SCUIDture.New Havenand London, 1982,369,

E. Manning. Marble and Bronze. The Art and Life of Harno

Thornycroft. London and Westfield, New Jersey, 1982; Archives,
Henry Moore Sculpture Studies Centre, Leeds, Yorkshire

I Read,369.
ColeloOUIOfStatuesand Bu3t3in the YictodaMemod C&JCUtt&,
'De3CdptlVe 1970.
 219

C52
King George V Monument, Calcutta, 1938*
William MacMillan, R.A. (1887-1977)

Bronzestatue 84" high

The standingbronzefigure is dressedin the heavily drapedrobes of

the Order of the Star of India.

The statue was unveiledby Victor AlexanderJohn Hope,2nd

of Llthi ngrow( 1887-1952),VIceroyof India( 1936-43)1n
Marquess
1938.1

PROVENANCE
The statue is located at the front entranceof the Templeof Fame,
Barrackpore,WestBengal,India, Themonument
was originally
positionedoppositeOutramGhat, 2
Calcutta.

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1938 (1496-model)

LITERATURE
W.S. Birney, Calcutta-GuideCalcutta, 1946,34; Handbookto India.
Pakistan, andCeylon London,1949,107; P.Davies,
_Burma
I oh-ney,
34.
'Ibid.
 220

1987,83
Harmondsworth,
 221

C53
King George V Monument, Madras
UnKnown'

Bronzestatue approximately96" high

Thebronzestandingf Igureis dressedin coronationrobes. Theorb is

held in the extendedleft hand. The sceptre is held in the right.

PROVENANCE
WarMemorialopposite the University of Madrason MarineDrive,
Madras,India

LITERATURE
Handbookto India,Pakistan,BurmaandCeylon;London,1949,610;
Handbookfor Travellersin India.Pakistan,BurmaandCeylon,
London,1962,418

I Themifit"authorkle3InMadre wouldnot alowmeclo3eenoughaccessto thIsmonument

In orderto recordthe in3cdptlonandcheckfor onWt13t3'31grWUre.
I weebo note] owedto
photographthe monument.
 222

C54
King George V (as Princeor Wales)Monument, Bombay,,
1924*
Leonard Jennings (d. 1956)

Plates 54,55,56

Bronzestatue 72" high on stone pedestal 98" high with two bronze
9
plaque.

SIGNED
on,.;tatup- Jenningsof Chelsea,London

This bronzestandingfigure Is dressedin a navaluniform. Thefeet

are slightly parted;the right toot Is slightly The
advanced, right
arm Is relaxedat the side holdinga telescope,Theleft arm Is bent
at the elbow andextend5forward; the left handhold5 the hilt of a
sword.

The statue was fundedby H.H.Sir AgaSultan Muhammad ShahAga

Khan,G,CS,1,,G.C.I.E, It was put in place by the Public Works
Departmentandunveiled on 20 December1927.1

PROVENANCE
Thestatuestandsin the Princeof WalesMuseum front gardens,
Bombay,India. It was originally erectedat the junction of
'Municipal ofBombayimemorendum
Corporation dotedISAugust1965013352-2,73.
 223

andMayoRoad,Bombay.
Cooperage

EXHIBITED
RA 1924(1356)

LITERATURE
Handbookto India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon, London, 1949,15; S.
Jha, "Victims of Anglophobia." The Aftrnoon Desoatch and Cou=
24 September 1991,19; Municipal Corporation of Bombay
memorandumdated 15 August 1965, B352-2; 73

1At 19.
 224

C55
King GeorgeV Monument,,NewDelhi, 1934*
Charles Sargent Jagger, A.R.A. (1885-1934)

57,58
plates
Marblestatue216" highona pedestalbase523" In height'

Thecolossalmarblestandingf IgureIs dressedIn coronationrobes,

The statue to King GeorgeV was conceivedby the Maharajaof

Kapurthalawho financedthe work along with contributions from a
number of unspecified ruling 2
princes, Half and full size models
were sent to NewDelhiwhere the actual carvingof the f Igurewas
3
to bedoneby Indiancraftsmen. Thepedestalandsurroundwere
desIgnedby 51rEdwIn LutyensIn consultat IonWIth Jagger. 4

PROVENANCE
The statue Is located at the Old Durbargrounds,Delhi, India. It was
originally erected undera canopyat the King GeorgeV Memorial at
the corner of Kings WayandHardingeAvenue,NewDelhi.5

'DelhiStalueofKlng-Emperor
IndiOnPfince3'Gift,
"ShelffeldTime;,25AugU3t
1934,9,
14.
Ibid.,9.
'Ibid.
Ibid,
Ibid.
 225

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1933(1720-model);1935(1715-model1/6th life size)

LITERATURE
Anonymous,*Delhi Statue of King-Emperor: Indian Princes' Gift. "
Sheff jeld Times 25 August 1934,9,14; P. Davies,Splendoursof the
Raj, Qrittsh Architecture In India 1660-1947, Harmondsworth,
1987,83; CharlesSargentjaggers War and PeaceSculpture A.
Compton(ed.), Exhibition catalogue,Imperial WarMuseum,London,
1985,48; 103;J. Morris, Stonesof Fmplre. British Architecture In
India, Oxford, 1986,182-4
 226

C56
King George V Monument, Patna*
LeonardJennings (d. 1956)

Plate, 59

Bronzestatue 78" high

SIGNED
onstatue Jennings,Sculptor,London

This life-size bronzestandingfigure is dressedin his Coronation

Robesas worn at the 1911 DurbarIn Delhi over the costumeor the
Orderof the Garter.

PROVENANCE
Thestatue Is currently In the collection of the PatnaMuseum,
Patna,
India. Thestatuewas originally located nearHardingePark,Patna,,
It was movedto the museumIn 1967.2

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1939 (1306-model)

I Wonallmsuppled
bymuseum
staff.
IINd.
 227

C57
King GeorgeVI Monument,,Akyab**

Mr.R.Langham-Carter, a formerjournalistin SouthAsiaandmember

of the 1,
C,S,,nowanhistorianliving in SouthAfrica,reportedthat he
hadseena statueof George VI at Akyab,Myanma whilehewas
stationedthere.Todate,nootherinformationhasbeenlocatedon
this monument,
 228

C58
GoenkaMonument, Calcutta**
Frederick J. Wilcoxson (nd)

Bronzestatue

Recordsof the exhibitors at the RA indicate that FrederickJ.

Wilcoxsonexhibited,In 1938,a studyfor a statueof Sir Har1raam
Goenka(nd) to be executedtor Calcutta (1499). W.S. Birney notes
the statue standing In CurzonGardensIn 1946.1

eyCokultaGWde
W.S.BWn C* utK 1946,1S.
 229

C59
GordonMonument,Mysore
Edward Onslow Ford, R.A. (1852-190 1)

Bronzestatue

This standingbronzefigure wears civilian dress. A sword Is held in

his left hand.
.

Sir JamesDavidsonGordon0 823-89) entered the civil service In

Bengalin 1854. Hewas ChiefCommissioner
of Mysorebetween
1878-81 andResidentat MysoreIn 1881-82.

PROVENANCE
GordonPark, University of Mysore,Mysore,Karnataka,India

LITERATURE
P. Davies,The PenguinGuideto the Monumentsof India Vol. IIl
Islamic, European London, 1989,561; IOOCfiles 430/41
-Rajput,
(78)
 230

C60
Hamilton Monumenti,Indore
unKnown'

Marblestatue

Sir RobertNorth Collie Hamilton (1802-87) was Residentat Indore

f rom 1844-57.

PROVENANCE
Front outside entrance,Central Museum,Indore, India

LITERATURE
India Office Oriental Collection files 232 (20vb)

'TW33taluewbrought tomyettentlon
byw. S.K.Pende, Bombay,
WesternRallway3, on
Forthis
22Decemberl992. reason,Iw unable In1mmetion
thepertinert
to penonellyrecord
during in
myreve=hbip3 1991-92.Thevofkh*3,
nongthele33,beenWudedinarderto
proMde court
&CCurste
amore ofthestatues to
exported South
A31s.
'Ibid.
 231

C61
Hardinge Monument, Patna, 1915*
Heirbert Hampton ( 1862-1929)

Plate 60

Bronze statue 96" high with two bronze rellet panels 14mhigh x 400
wide

INSCRIPTION
on bronze-panel.now removedtrom original Dedestal LORD
HARDGINE OFPENSHURST/VICEROY OFINDIA/NOVEMBER 23RD
OFTHEPROV
1910/FOUNDER INCEOFBEHARANDORISSAAPRILI ST
ANDUPHOLDER
1912/FRIEND OFTHEINDIANPEOPLE
AT HOME
AND
ALSO/LADYHARDGINE
ABROAD/ OFPENSHURST/VICERINE/SHARPER
IN
IN HISFAITHANDLOVE/ERECTED
HISWORKAND/SUFFERING THIS
TRIBUTE AFFECTION/BY
OFGRATEFUL THEPEOPLE
OFTHEPROVINCE

SIGNED
on statue Hampton,Sculptor, London,1915

This heroic bronzestanding figure Is dressedin the robes of the

Viceroy. TheOrderof the Star of India hangsaroundthe neck of the
figure, Theright arm is relaxed at the side; the right handis
missing. The left arm Is bent at the elbow; the left handholds a
scroll. The bronzepanels depict Justice andHumanSympathy
 232

CharlesHardinge,I st BaronHardingeof Penshurst,G.C.B,,O.C.M.G.,

G.C,V.0, (1858-1944)was Viceroyof Indiafrom 1910-16. Thefunds
for the statue camefrom a public subscription raised in the province
of Bihar.

PROVENANCE
The statue Is In the collection of the PatnaMuseum,Patna, India.
The statue originally stood in KuhwarSingh Park [HardingePark],
Patna. It was movedto the Museumin 1967.1

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Variant f or Bombay( 1920)

LITERATURE
R Davles, The PenguinGuide to the Monuments of India vol. 11.
Islamic, Rajnut, Europun, London,1989,313; IOOCfiles 592/6 (5)

thestaffofthePeln&Mu3eum,
I WeMew-Wh Pelna6
23Apd1992.
-
 233

C62
Hardinge Monument,,Bombay, 1920*
Hernert Hampton (1562-19219)

Plates 61,62,63,64,65,66

Bronzestatue 115Nhigh

INSCRIPTION
on bronzepanelshousedin museumstores HARDINGE/OF
PENSHURST/V ICEROYAND/GO VERNOR/GENERAL/
1910- 16'

SIGNED
on statue H.Hampton,Sculptor, London,1920

This heroicbronzestandingfigure is wearingViceregalrobesand

the Orderof the Star of India. Theright handholdsthe folds of the
robe at the waist. Theleft handholdsa scroll. Theheadof the
figure looksslightly to the left. Thestatue was originally
accompanied by two femaleallegorical groups,PeaceandMaternal
L_qywhichare nowsituated In separatelocationswithin the
grounds of the Ji jamata Bhonsa Udyanin Bombay. Originally a
bronzelion andlionessstoodnext to the statue of Hardinge.They
were removedin 1990to decoratethe pedestalof the Lokmanya Bal
Tilak Monument
rianghadar at Chowpaddy
Beach,Bombayunderthe
II amIndebtedtothe Bh&uDap
eltheDr.
staff LUMMUMfortakingth038
out of store so
thatIrrdght theInuflption.
record
 234

orders of Mr.Tinalker,Municipal Commissioner, 2 Thestatue was

originally positionedona Dhrangadra stonepedestal228" highwith
two tiers of yellow basalt steps.' Fundsfor the monumentwere
raised by public subscription.

PROVENANCE
Thestatue Is currently on the Dr.BhauDaji LadMuseum grounds,
Byculla,Bombay,India, ThepedestalInscription is In the basement
storageareaof the Museum.Thetwo femaleallegorical figures are
on the groundsof the Ji jamataBhonsaUdyan,Bombay.Thestatue
was movedto the groundsof the museumin August,1965.4

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Varlant of statue for Patna( 1916)

LITERATURE
S.Jha, "Victims of Anglophobia." The Afternoon Despatchand
Courier 24 September1991,5-6; Municipal Corporationof Bombay,
memorandumdated 15 August 1965, B352-2,71

II amIndebted Bombay,
toI'Misseno forbringing
tN3tomyattentlon.
'Municipal ofBombay,
Corporation datedISAugu3t1965,B352-2,71.
memorandum
4Ibid.
 235

C63
Hardinge Monument, Delhi, 1928*
Charles Sargent Jagger, A.R.A. (d. 1934)

Plate 67

Marblestatue

The heroic standingmarble figure is wearing the robes of the

Viceroy.

CharlesHardinge,I st BaronHardingeof Penshurst,G.C,B.,

G.C.V.0. (1858-1944) was Viceroy of India from 1910-16.

PROVENANCE
The statue Is currently located on the Old DurbarGrounds,Delhi. The
original site where the statue was erected Is still to be confirmed.

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1927 (1492-bust); 1928 (1415)

LITERATURE
CharlesSargentJagger, War andPeaceSculalum A. Compton(ed.),
exhibition cataloguefor the Imperial WarMuseum,London,1985,48,
103
 236

C64
Hardinge Monument,,Calcutta,, 1868*
John H. Foley, R.A. (1818-74)

Plate 68

Bronzeequestrianstatue 96' high

INSCRIPTION
on original Qedestal THISSTATUEWASERECTED/BY
THE
INHABITANTS OFBRITISHINDIA,/OF VARIOUS
RACESAND
CREEDS, VISCOUNT
/TO/ HENRY, HARDINGE,
/IN GRATEFUL
OFA GOVERNOR,
COMMEMORATION /WHO,TRAINEDIN WARJSOUGHT
BY
THEARTSOFPEACE/TO
ELEVATE THEVARIOUS
ANDIMPROVE
TOHISCHARGEJAND
NATIONS/COMMITTED WHEN
RE-CALLED
TOARMS
INVASIONJATMUDKI,FIRUZSHAHR
BYUNPROVOKED/ AND
THEREPUTATION
SOBRAONJMAINTAINED HE
WHICHIN/YOUTH
THETIDEOFVICTORY,
WONJBYTURNING AT ALBUERA'

SIGNED
on-statue- J. H.Foley,R.A., Sculptor, London,1868/Elkington,Mason
and Co.,FounderS2

Viscount HenryHardingeof Lahore,G.C.B. ( 1785-1856) fought In the

battle of Waterloowhere he lost oneof his hands, Helater became
I Handbook
oftheBengN
Presidency
London,
1882,90.
z1bid.
 237

MP for Durham,served as Secretary of War under Wellington (1828)

and for Peel (1841-44). He was appointed Governor-G'eneralof Indi a
in 1644. His vi ctori ous campalgns in the Si kh Wars ( 1844-48)
annexedthe Punjab for the East India Company. Hardinge introduced
the Enfield rife which was controversial during the Uprisings of
1857-58. Fundsfor the monument were raised through public
subscription. The work was completed in 1868.

PROVENMCE
The monumentis in the private collection of the Hardingefamily at
Penshurst,Kent.3 Thestatue Wasoriginally erected on the
4
GovernmentHousegrounds,Calcutta, West Sengal,India.

18ITED
EiXH
R.A. 1853 (1396-bust); 1854 (1465-bust); International Exhibition
of (bronzed
11352 plaster model)

VERSIONS
KNOWN

The horse is replicated on Foley's monument to Viscount Gough

(1874, Dublin)

LITERATURE
Art Journal (1652) 34; (1553) 290,303; (1057) 129,295; (1858)
191; (1857) 65,129,163,295; 0 859) 36,62,259; (1860) 191,254;

41amindebtedtoB.Readforthisinformation.
Hehasalsoindicatedtomethatthereissome
discu3sionbetween theNational
thefamflyand thestatueto oneofthe
Trustaboutre-locating
in Britain.
Trustproperties
'HandbookoftheBennalPresidency 1882,90.
 238

(1862) 163; 111

ustrated LondonNews26 June 1858,623-4; F. T.
Palgrave,Handbookto the Fine Art Collections In the international
Exhibition or 1862, Londonand Cambridge,1862,108; W.M.Rosetti,
Fine Art, Chiefly Contemooracy-,
London,1867,352,360; Handbookof
the BengalPresidency,London,1882,90; Handbookof India.
Pakistan,BurmaandCeylon,London,1949,109; B. Read,Victorian
Sculpture NewHavenandLondon,1982,5,6,13p 40,72,133,169;
India Office Oriental Collection files 592 (FI82), 29 Mp MssEur
D661 (25) and(26), 254/2 (1), 827/2
 239

C65
Hare Monument, Calcutta,, 1846
Edward Hodges Bally, R.A. (1788-1867)

Marblestatue

INSCRIPTION
OFDAVIDHARE/WHO
onpedestal IN HONOR BYSTEADY
INDUSTRY/HAVING ACQUIRED
AN AMPLECOMPETENCE,
CHEERFULLY
THEPROSPECT/OF
RELINQUISHED RETURNING
TOENJOYIT IN HIS
TOPROMOTE
NATIVELAND/IN ORDER THEWELFARE
OFTHATOFH13
THECLOSE
ADOPTION/TO OFHIS IRREPROCHABLE
ANDUSEFUL
LIFE/HE
MADETHEIMPROVEMENT
INTELLECTUAL
ANDMORAL/ASWELLAS THE
IN SICKNESS/NO
CONDITION LESSTHANIN HEALTH/OF
THENATIVE
YOUTH OBECT
OFBENGAUTHE OFHIS CONSTANT
CARE/AND
INGSOLICITUDE/AND
UNWEAR THEYIN TOKEN
OFGRATITUDEAND
THEMEMORY
VENERATION/FOR OF/THEIRCONSTANT
GENEROUS
AND
BENEFACTOR/HAVE
MOSTDISINTERESTED ERECTED
THISSTATUE'

The figure Is wearing robes over civilian dress. Theright handrests

on two bookswhich are on top of a pedestal. The left arm is raised
to the Chest, Theright root Is rorward. The headis turned slightly
to the right.

DavidHare0 775-1842) worked as an educationalist in Calcutta

I
Mrs,O(H.
 240

beginningin 1800. Fromthe profits of his watchmakingbusiness

andhis silver shop,he established the HinduCollegeIn 1817.Hewas
a close friend of Raja Rammohun Roy,the leader of the BengalHindu
Reformationmovement.Harewas so closely Identified with the
Hindusthat on his death he was refused a Christian burial in a
Europeancemetery.2 On 17 June 1841, Raja KissennataRoycalled a
public meeting to be held In the theatre of the Medical College.
BabooProsonoCoomarTagorechaired the public meeting which
re5olvedto erect a statue through a public subscription by the
native community of Bengal. The 5,000 Bengalis that attended his
funeral also raised a subscription for his mausoleum,housedat the
HinduCollege.4

PROVENANCE
HinduCollegegrounds,Calcutta, India

LITERATURE
P. C.Mittra, DiographicalSketch of DavidHaM Calcutta, 1877,7
79-80; T. Wilkinson,Two Monsoons,London,1976,84

84.
WIlkinson,
wtm 79.
4
Ibid.
 241

C66
Hastings Monument,,Calcutta,,1828*
John Flaxman, R.A. (1755-1826)

Marblestatue 720 high on marble pedestal 430 high

INSCRIPTION
OF/THEMOSTNOBLE/THE
on Dedestal IN HONOUR MARQUISOF
HASTINGS, K.G./GOVERNOR
GENERAL
OFBRITISHINDIA/AND
IN CHIEF/OF
COMMANDER THEFORCES/FROM
THEYEAROFOUR
TOMDCCCXXI
LORD/MDCCCXIII II/ERECTED
BYTHEBRITISH
CALCUTTA
INHABITANTS/OF

SIGNED

on Human,
statue- R.
A./DenmanSculp/Buckingham
St., Fitzroy
Square,London

This life size marble statue IS Classically draped. The figure holds a
scroll in his right hand. The left arm relaxes at the side. The left
hand holds the hilt ot a sword,

Francis Rawdon'Warren' Hastings,2nd Earl of Moira, K.G.(1732-

1818) was Governor-Generalof Bengal from 1774-85. The funds for
the monumentwere raised through public subscription. Flaxmanhad
originally wantedto makea cast of Hastingsface but Hastings
Insistedthat FlaxmanuseJosephNollekensbust as a modelfor the
 242

2
1
statue. ByJune1826,Flaxmanhadcompleted twomodel He S.

completedthefinal before
model his 3
death. Thestatuewas
by
completed Denman
Thomas (b, 1787-?), Flaxman's
brother-in-
law."

PROVENANCE
The monument is In the collection of the Victoria Memorial,
Calcutta, India. The statue was originally erected near the iron gate
in the enclosure of Tank Square facing Government Houseunder an
Ionic cupola.5 Sometime later it was moved to the Town Hall,
Calcutta. 6 It was later transferred to the south porch of the
Dalhousie Institute, Calcutta!

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1828 (1150-Power); 1828 (1158-

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Variant of monumentto Hastingsfor EIC,London(1823); plaster
bust (nd, 1000; plaster statuette, 19 1/2" high, sold in 1835 by M.
Denmanto SirJohn Sloanewhich formed the study for the Calcutta
statue'

I BengNPwtandPreaedvol.v(Jenu"amh 1910):220.
'Ibid.
Ibld.
INd.
lbld.
I Fh*ger, 44.
'lWd.
$Archer,
1986,96.
 243

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Journalof IndianArt andIndustc4vol. 5, no.39 (January1894),
plate 22; W.K.Firminger,Thacker'sQuIdeto Calcutta Calcutta,
1906,44;H.E.A. Cotton,CalcuttaOldandNew,Calcutta, 1907,407-
08; BengalPastandPreamLvol. V (January-March 1910),219-20;
W.Foster,TheCollectionof PaintingsandDrawingsin the Collection
of the EastIndiaCompany, etc,.,London,1924,Item 525; Victoria
Memorial,Calcutta: Illustrated Catalogueof Exhibits, 1925
Calcutta,1925,item 203; Handbook
to India.Pakistan,Burmaand
CeylonLondon,1949,116;M.Archer,TheIndiaOffIce Collectionof
PaintingsandSculatureLondon,1986,96;DescriptiveCatalogueof
BustsandStatuacyin the Victoria Memorial,Calcutta, 1978,9
 244

C67
Hastings Monument, Calcutta, 1830*
Sir Richard Westmacott, R.A. (1775-1856)

Plate 69

Marblestatue 70* high with two accompanyingmarble figures

This life-size standingmarblefigure wearsa Romantogawith full-

sleeved vest. Thefigure is holdingan openscroll by both hands.The
left handalso parts the draperyof the togato keepit from touching
the ground.Theright foot Is advanced.Thefigure Is looking
forward. Onthe right is a marblefigure of a Brahminholdinga palm
manuscript.On the left is a Muslim teacher, or Munshi,
readinga
book.

Francis Rawdon'Warren' Hastings,2nd Earl of Moira, K.G. (1732-

1818) was Governorof Fort William In Bengalfrom 1772-74 andthe
first Governor-General of Bengal from 1774-85. The statue was
fundedby public subscription.

PROVENANCE
Victoria
Thestatue is currently locatedonthe WestQuadrangle,
Calcutta,WestBengal,India, It wasoriginallyPositioned
Memorial,
 245

In the south portico of the Town Hall, Calcutta. '

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1828 (1213); R.A. 1829 (1196-Brahmin); R.A. 1829 (1201 -

LITERATURE
W.K. Firminger, Thacker's Guideto Calcutta, Calcutta, 1906,44; H.E.
A. Cotton, Calcutta Old andNew,Calcutta, 1907,381-84; Bengal
Past and vol. V (January-March1910), 226; M.Archer, " Neo-
-Present,
Classical Sculpture in India," Aoollo 120 (July 1984), 53; B.
Groseclose," Imag(in)ingIndians,0 Art HistoM vol. 13, no,4
(December1990), 490

1Fiminger,44.
 246

C68
Heber Monument,,Calcutta, 1836*
Sir Francis Chantrey. R.A. (1781-1841)

Plate 70

Marblestatue 72* high on a marble pedestal 36- high

The Bishopis dressedin cleric robes kneeling on a hassockunder

which is carvedthe coat of arms of the Bishopof Calcutta. The
right handof the figure Is raised to the chest. The left handIs
resting on a Bible which is held vertically beside the figure,

ReginaldHeber(1783-1826) was the secondBishopof Calcutta. he

was appointedin 1823 anddied at Trichinopoly in April, 1826. This
statue was erected by funds raised through a public subscription.
The committee In Calcutta appointedthe Right Hon.E.W.W.Wynne
and Robert Wilmot of Horton to make the arrangementswith
Chantreyfor the executionof the statue. The first agreementwith
Chantreywas signedon 19 March 1827.1A further agreementwas
signed,when Chantreymisunderstoodthe terM5 of the first, on I
April 1834.2 Chantreyreceived E2000 for the monumentwhich
includedthe cost of the pedestal.3

to A6Uningtonfor3huingtW3Information
'lam Indebted Ahme.SeeaboChadrey
Ledger,Roy9Academy, London.
21bid.
'Ibid.
 247

PROVENANCE
Thestatue Is currently situated In St. Paul'sCathedral,Calcutta,
India. It was originally erected on the portico of St. John's Church,
4
CalCUtta.
It was movedto Its present location in 1847.5

EXHIBITED
clay modelof 1872(1971, Victoria and Albert Museum,London)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Variant ( 1835,St. Paul's, London),( 1830,Madras);sketch model in
clay, V/A A-29 (1827)

LITERATURE
ChantreyLedgers,RoyalAcademy,London;A. Heber,Life of Reginald
Heber 2 vols., vol. 2. London,1830,458,465-66; 470; 6. Jones,'qt
Francis of his life, Qractice andopinions
-Chantrey,-Recollections
London,1849,117,199; C.R.Wilson, List of Inscriptions-in Bengal
London,1896,1; H.A. Newell, Calcutta. The First CaUitalof British
India. An Illustrated Guideto Placesof Interest, Calcutta, 1906,88;
W.K. Firminger, Thcker'5Guideto Calcutta Calcutta, 1906,76; H.
Armitage, Francis DonkeyBoyand Sculptoc,London,1915,
-Chantrey.
79; M.Whinney,EnglishSculgture 1720-1830, London,1971,152;
The Age-ofNeo-Classicism,exhibition catalogue,Arts Council of
Great Britain, London,1972,218; N. Penny,ChurchMonumentsin
NewHavenandLondon,1977,213
RomanticEnglan_d,

4
or,76.
Firming
1Ibid.
 248

C619
Irwin MonumentS
NewDelhi, 1933*
Sir WillIaM Reld Dick, R.A. (1878-1961)

Plate 71

marble statue

The standing heroic bronzefigure is dressedin the robes of the

Viceroy.

Lord Irwin was Viceroy of India from '1926-31(on leave 1929).

The pedestal for the statue was designedby Sir EdwinL. Lutyens,
R.A. (1869-1944).

PROVENANCE
The statue is currently sited on the Old DurbarGrounds,Delhi, The
original site has yet to be confirmed.

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1932(1419)and(1552-sketchmodel)
 249

C70
lyer Monument,,Madras
GeorgeWade( 1853-1933)

Marblestatue 72" high

This life size marble figure, dressedin judicial robes, Is seated on

a cushioned chair. The figure wears a turban; the feet are bare.
The rl ght arm of the fI gure rests on the ri ght arm of the chaIr; the
left arm is onthe lap or thefigure,

MuthuswamyTirnvarur Iyer, C.S.1,0 863-1911) was an Indian judge

appointedto the High Court In Madras.

PROVENANCE
High Court, Madras,Tamil Nadu,India

LITERATURE
W.H.Spielman,British Sculuture andScu]Qtorsof Today,London,
1901,143; P. Davies,The PenguinGuideto the Monumentsof lndjL
vol. 11: I-slamic,Ra-jput.
EuroDul London,1989,547
-
 250

C71
Jeej eebhoy Monument, Bombay,,1858
Baron Carlo Marochettl,, R.A. (1805-67)

Plate 72,73

Marblestatue 84" high

INSCRIPTION
onpedestal 51 JEEJEEBHOY/
R/JAMSETJEE 1857
BARONET/

SIGNED
o statue C.Marochetti

This heroicmarbleseatedfigure Is In full Parseeformal dress

wearing a phenta,'high hat. The handsof the figure on clasped
resting on the lap. The head of the f IgureIs turnedslightly to the
left.

Sir JamsetjeeJeejeebhoy (1783-1859) was a Parsee merchant and

philanthrophist living In Bombay. He travelled extensively In China

on trading missions. He used his wealth to set up extensive water

supplies for the people of Bombay, established hospitals and schools
and assisted with the re-building of Surat following extensive fires
in 1824 and 1837. He was knighted on 2 May 1842 and created the
first Indian Baronet of the United Kingdom on 6 August 1857.
 251

PROVENANCE
Old Town Hall, Bombay,India

EXHIBITED
1920 Victoria andAlbert Museum,London'
,

KNOWNVERSIONS
Twobronzereplicasfor Bombay- on Vir NarimanRoadandoneat the
J. J. Hospital;bronzestatuette, presentwhereaboutsunknown,
exhibitedat the RA 1859(1236);bronzebust (nd,GrantMedical
College,Bombay)

LITERATURE
Illustrated LondonNews25 September1858,279

I TNsW6neUon hasbeensuppledbYPNUPWord-Jecksonwhonotesthelthestatue
was,
foranumber leftInthestomparea,
ofyears, ofMarochettilt
3tudo,mangement3were
eyintudymadeto have
Ittransportedto
Bombay.
 252

C72
Jeejeebhoy Monument,Bombay
Baron Carlo Marochetti, R.A. (1805-67)

Plate 74

Bronze statue

This heroic marble seated figure is in full Parsee formal dress

wearing a phenta, high hat. The hands of the figure on clasped

resting on the lap. The head of the figure Is turned slightly to the
left,

Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy(1783-1859) was a Parseemerchantand

philanthrophist living in Bombay.He travelled extensively in China
on trading missions. He usedhis wealth to set up extensive water
supplies for the peopleof Bombay,established hospitals andschools
and assisted with the re-building of Surat following extensive fires
In 1824 and 1837. Hewas knighted on 2 May 1842 andcreated the
first Indian Baronetof the United Kingdomon 6 August 1857.

PROVENANCE
J. J. Hospital, Bombay,India
 253

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Marbleoriginal in Old Town Hall, Bombay(1858); secondbronze
replica on Vir NarimanRoad,Bombay;untracedbronzestatuette
exhibited at the R.
A. in 1859 (1236); bronzebu5t (nd, Grant Medical
College,Bombay)
 254

C73
Jeejeebhoy Monument,,Bombay*
Baron Carlo Marochetti, R.A. (1805-67)

Plate 75

Bronze
statue

ThisheroicseatedbronzefigureIs In formalParseedresswearing
the penthaor highhat. Therobesareintricatelybrocaded;the feet
wearthetraditionalpointedslippersareresting ona pillow, The
handsof thef igureareclaspedtogetheronthe lap.

Jamsetj eeJeej eebhoy( 1783-1859) was a Parseemerchantand

philanthrophist living in Bombay. He used his wealth to set up
extensive water supplies for the city, established hospitals and
schools andassisted with the re-building of Surat following
extensive fires In both 1824 and 1837, Hewas knighted on 2 May
1842 andcreated the first Indian baronet of the United Kingdomon 6
August 1857.

PROVENANCE
Thestatue is currently locatedon Vir NarimanRoadnext to the Oval,
Bombay,India. It was originally erectedon WardenRoad,Bombay. '

'Cwespondence theauthorenffoyMs3en,
between 13August1991.
Bombay,
 255

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1859(1236-bronzestatuette); Victoria andAlbert Museum,
1920(marbleoriginal)

KNOWNVERSIONS
Marble original in Town Hall, Bombay (1858); bronze replica in J. J.
Hospltal, Bombay;untracedbronzestatuette ( 1859); bronzebust (nd,
GrantMedicalCollege,Bombay)
 256

C74
Jehangir [Readymoneyl Monument,,Bombay*
Thomas Woolner, R.A. (1825-92)

Plates 76,77

Marble statue 96' high on a pedestal 46" high

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal ERECTED/BYPUBLICSUBSCRIPTIOWIN OF
HONOR
A/PHILANTHROPHIC CITIZEN/SIRCAWASJEE
K.C.S.IJAND PLACED
JEHANOHIER/READYNONEY IN
HALL/ASA MEMORIAL
THIS/CONVOCATIONAL OF/HISGREAT
ITY/TOTHEUNIVERS
LIBERAL ITYOFBOMBAY

This heroic standingmarble figure is wearing the robes of the

University of Bombayover traditional Parseedress.

Sir CowasjeeJehangir'Readmoney' (nd)was a Parseemillionaire

who funded the buildingof the OpthalmicHospitalin Bombay,
provided drinking water fountainsfor the City andpaid for the
Convocational Hall at the Universityof Bombay.Thestatue was
fundedthroughpublicsubscription,

PROVENANCE
The statue Is situated on the groundsof the University of BoMbay. It
was originally erected inside the Convocational
Hall of the
 257

University.

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Woolnerexecuteda marble wall tablet to Jehangir (1876) for
EdinburghUniversity.' A variant of the tablet in EdinburghIs located
In the OpthalmIcHospital, Bombay;marble bust (nd, Elphinstone
College,Bombay)

LITERATURE
A. Woolner,Thomas-Woolner,R,A, Sculptor and Poet. His Life in
Letters London,1917,260) 342; B. Read)Victorlan Sculpture, New
HavenandLondon,1982,126, plate 150; IOOCfiles W4817(22)

I Thetablet
wasdmaledbySirGeorge
Birdwood(nd).
 258

C75
Kitchener Monument, Calcutta**
Frances Derwent WOod, R.A. (1871-1926)

Bronzestatue

The Calcutta Guideby W.S. Birney' and the Handbookto India.

Pakistan.BurmaandCeylon2 both report that Woodexecuteda
standing bronzeportrait statue of Horatio Hebert Kitchener, Lord
Kitchener of Khartoum,O.M.0 850-1916), Commander- in-Chief in
India (1902-06) for Calcutta. The statue was originally positioned
near Fort William.3 It Is currently untraced.

Bkney,14.
Hendbookto Incla,PekWan,
BungendCeAon,1949,113.
3BiMey,14.
 259

C76
LansdowneMonument, 1900, Calcutta*
Harry Bates, A.R.A. (1850-99)

Bronzeequestrianstatue

INSCRIPTION
on new Dedestal THEMAROVIS
OFLANSDOWNE/
VICEROY
AND/GOVERNOR GENERAL/OF
INDIAMOVMDCCCLXXXVI
I I/TO DEC
IP
MDCCCXCI

This heroicsize bronzeequestrianstatue hasthe figure wearing

military uniform and a banded helmet. The figure is holding papers
in -hisright hand,the reins In his left, The mount is calm.

MarquisLansdowne was ViceroyandGovernorGeneralof India

(1888-94), Thestatuewas fundedby public subscription.Thelocal
committee In Calcutta was headedby Sir Patrick 2
Playfair. Metal
for the statuewas providedby elevengunsdonatedby the
Government ot Indla.3 Thework was unvelleain January,1901.4

that13onthenewpede3tal.
TN3istheInscription I havenotlocatedtheorlginallmcrijon.
endIndialslew7January1896,23.
-PloneerMall
Birney,14.
Cotton,397.
 260

PROVENANCE
Thestatue is locatedon the OldFlagstaff Housegrounds,
Barrackpore,India. It was originally erectedon the RedRoad,near
Fort William, in Calcutta.5

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1896 (188 1-marble bust)

LITERATURE
PioneerMail and-IndiaNews,7 January 1898,23; H.E.A. Cotton,
Calcutta Old andNuL, 1907,396-98; W.S. Birney, Calcutta GuLft
1946,14

5Bimey,14.
 261

C77
LawrenceMonument,Calcutta, 1875*
Tnomas Woolner, R.A. (1825-92)

Bronzestatue 1320high'

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal JOHNLAWRENCE

SIGNED
on 5tatue T. Woolner, Sculptor
-

The bronzestandingfigure is dressedin military uniform andhas a

moustache.

JohnLairdMair, I st BaronLawrence08 11-79)wasbornIn County

Antrim, Hebeganhis careeras an I.C.S. Hefoughtwith his brother,
Henry,In the Punjabduringthe uprisingsof 1857-58, Hewas
Viceroyof India(1664-69). Lawrenceis creditedas beingoneof the
greatestViceroys of Indiawhobroughtmeasuresto helpprotect
tenantsin BengalandnorthernIndia. Hedeveloped the rail systems,
irrigation andsanitation. Fundsfor the statue wereprovided
througha publicsubscription! In 1871,Lawrencesat for Woolner
' Mustreled
LondonNews10November
1877.,
460-6 thatthestelue
1.TheMidestates was
one.
odginslyerected 18(rNghpedestal.
2This Isonthenowpedestel.
Inscriolon Thewording ln3cdpUon
oftheodgkW he3notbeen
loceled.
11W IONovember1877,460-61.
TheMJournel Wish
of18703tate3th&tMerel
asked
were
sculptors tosupply forthe
estimates (355).
stelue
,
 262

who executed two 4

bustS. one was without drapery, the secondhada
cloak drapedaroundthe shoulderswith the orders of the Star of
India.* During these sittings with Lawrence,Woolnermadethe
in
model clay for the statue for '
Calcutta. The statue was cast at
ManorStreet, Chelsea!

PROVENANCE
The statue is on the Old Flagstaff Housegrounds,Barrackpore,India.
The statue was originally erected south of GovernmentHouse,
Calcutta.0

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1876 (1442-model)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
bronzebust 0 876,1000; marble bust 0 87 1, Westminster Abbey);
marble bust (1882, NPG)

LITERATURE
Art Journal 0870) 355; 111
ustrated LondonNews, 10 November 1877,
460-61; W. K. Firminger, Thacker's Guide to Calcutta, Calcutta,
1906,57; H. E. A. Cotton, Calcutta Old and New, Calcutta, 1907,391 -
93; A. Woolner, Thomas Woolner, R.A. Sculptor and Poet. HIs life in

4A.WoolnerThormWo N,RA SculptorandPoet.Hi3Lifein LettgmLondon,1917,

289.
I Ibld.Thisvoit we placed
InWe*rdn3terAbbeyin
1860.
'Ibid.
46M I.
'HE I ONoymber1877,,
'W. K.Fh*oer, 1906,57.
 263

Letters, London,1917,289,342; Handbookto India. Pakistan. Burma

andCeyloll London,1949,109;R.Trevalyn,TheGoldenOriole
Oxford, 1978,200-205; M.Archer, Paintings andDrawings in thp
Collection of the India Office, London,1986,107; 100Cfiles F641
 264

C78
LawrenceMonumentJ
Lahore,1882*
Sir JoseDh Edgar Boehm, R.A. (1834-90)

Bronzeequestrianstatue

INSCRIPTION
on baseof statue "Will you be governedby the penor the sword?N'

John Laird Mair, I st BaronLawrence(1811-79) was First Chief

Commissionerof the Punjab. Lawrencewas partly responsible for
establishing Sikh loyalty to the British Empire. Lawrence,with a
large numberof reinforcements, Including Sikhs, were sent to
rescue Delhi during the Uprising of 1857, Lawrencewas Governor-
GeneralandViceroy of India from 1864-69.

The statue was presentedas a gift to the municipality of Lahoreby

Boehmwhenhe decidedto removeit from 11: 5 Londonsite after much
criticism of the pose and modelling. 2 The shipping companies, dock
and railway companies provided their services free of charge for
transporting the monument from Londonto Lahore.3 The wording on
the baseof the statue in conjunction with the figure brandishinga

I Stocker,12S.Stocker point3outthatthequotew notthatofLawrence

but,ratherfromR.
N.CustanofficialinthaSikhWarof 1848.
2Ibid.. 127.
%
'Ibld.
 265

pen in one handand a sword in the other causedas much discomfort

In Lahoreas It hadIn Londonwith the monumenthavingto come
under the occasionalguard for its protection.

PROVENANCE
Thestatue is currently onthe groundsof FoyleCollege,Londonderry,
NorthernIreland." Thestatue was originally positionedon the Mail
west of CharingCrossbetweenthe Cathedralandthe Chief Court
Buildings, Lahore,Pakistan.' It was movedfrom Lahoreto
LondonderryIn 1962.7

VERSIONS
KNOWN
bronzebust (NPG)

LITERATURE
Athenaeum3 June 1882,706; Art Journal 1894,199; M.Stocker,
Royalist andRealist: The Life andWork of Sir JosephEdgarBoehm,
NewYork andLondon,1988,125-29,351

'Ibid., 128.
'Ibid. Stockerrep* Londonderryu
Ron re3tingplaceI orthelmpedd3tm
appropiWe It(the
3talue)embodies.'
tothe3taffoftheCaft Mu3e=InLahore
II amIndebted tN3Infonnellon.
forpro\4ding
?Ibid,128.
 266

C79
Light Monument, Pulau Pinang, 1939*
Frederick J. Wilcoxson

Plate 77A

Bronzestatue 960high

INSCRIPTION
LIGHT/FOUNDER
onpeclesti-alFRANCIS OFPENANG/
1786

SIONED
-atutpWilcoxson,ScLondon/Burton
oft-st, Ditton
Foundry/Thames

This heroic bronzestanding figure Is In contemporarydress with

ruffled shirt, doublebuttonedjacket, kneebreechesandbuckled
shoes. The left hand,holding a hat, rests on the hip. The right hand
extends straight from the side holding a scroll. The figure wears a
wig.

Sir Francis Light (1740-94) foundedPenangfor the EICin 1786. The

monumentto Light was commissionedin 1936 by the Municipal
Council of Penangto commemoratethe 150th anniversaryof the
foundingof the island,' The statue was cast at Burton's Foundry,
ThamesDitton, Governorof the Straits Settlements, Sir Shenton

vol,2,no,5(1990),
I PAuPinmna, 28.
 267

9.2
Thomas,unveiledthe statue in a special ceremonyIn 193

PROVENANCE
The statue is currently in front of the PenangState Museum. The
monumentoriginally stood on a high pedestal In front of the
southernwall of Fort Cornwallis facing Light Street,3 During World
War II the statue was removedfrom Its pedestal andstored for
safety at an undisclosed 4
location. Itwaslatermovedtothe
SupremeCourt groundsbefore being relegated to a corridor in the
State Museumin October, 1966.5 In December,1978, the statue
was Installed In Its present location during the visit of Mr. Don
Dunstan,then Premier of South Australia, during Adelaide WeekIn
PulauPinang."

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1940 (16 1O-model)

LITERATURE
GohBanLee,"A Tale OrTwo Cities.* PUINPina0g,Vol.2, no,5
(1990),26-35; "TheFrancisLight Memorial." PulauPinang,Vol.2,
no.5 (1990),26

'Ibid.
'Ibid.
'Ibid.
'Ibid.
51151d.
 268

C80
Lushington Monument,,Madras,,1836
Henry Weekes. R.A. (1807-77)

Plate 78

Marble 5tatue 93' high on a marble pede5tal 27mhigh

INSCRIPTION
on gedestal TO
SACRED THEMEMORYOF/JAMES STEPHEN
LUSHINGTON, THEBENGAL
ESQ/OF DIED
CIVIL SERVICE/WHO
12 1832AT THEEARLYAGEOF28 YEARS/SECOND
SEPTEMBER SONOF
S. R.LUSHINGTON,
THERIGHTHONOURABLE M.P./ANDOF/ANNE
ELIZABETH, DAUGHTER
ELDEST OFGEORGE,
LORD
ONHISFIRSTARRIVALIN INDIA/BY
HARRIS/DISTINGUISHED
ANDACQUIREMENTS/AND
TALENTS
SUPERIOR WITHRAPID
PASSING
HISSTUDIES/IN
THROUGH
SUCCESS OFFORT
THECOLLEGE
/INTELLECTUAL
WILLIAM/CNI WHICHIS
ANDMORALWORTH
RECORDED/WITHADMIRING
FRIENDSHIP
BYTHEPIOUSAND
HEBER/AND
ACCOMPLISHED WHICHHISSHORT
BUTBRILLIANTCAREER
DENCY/DEVELOPED
IN THEPRE51 THEPRIVATE
ANDMATURED/AS
SECRETARYTOTHEGOVERNOR/HE
ACQUIRED
BYHIS IMPARTIAL
ESTEEM
COURTESY/THE OFEVERY
BRANCH
OFTHEPUBLIC
HISMAINVIRTUES
SERVICE/WHILE ANDENDEARING
QUALITIES
THEAPPROBATION/AND
SECURED REALIZED OFHIS
THEHOPES
ANDBEREAVED
AFFECTIONATE FATHER/THIS 15ERECTED
MONUMENT
ICHHEADORNED
BYTHESOCIETY/WH AS A JUSTTRIBUTETOHIS
 269

EXCELLENCE
DEPARTED

SIGNED
H.Weekes,1836

This heroicmarblestandingfigure Is in contemporarydresswith a

capedrapingoverthe right arm andfalling behindthe figure. The
right toot is positionedona cushion,Thefigure holdsa roll of
papersIn his left handwhichrest on the right knee.Theleg arm Is
supportedby the raisedleg; the left hand,supportedby the right,
holdsa quill.

Fundsfor the monument

were raisedthrougha public subscription.
Weekeshadpreviouslyexecuteda bust of Stephen'sfather, the Rt.
Hon.S.R.Lushington(1834)for the CanterburyPhilosophical
Society. This mayhaveattributed to his beingselectedto execute
this monument.

PROVENANCE
MadrasCathedral,Madras,India

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1836 (1064)

LITERATURE
J. J. Cotton, List of Statues, MonumentsandBusts Erected in Madras
In Honourof DistinguishedServants of the State, Madras,1898,73-
 270

4; J. Morris, Stonesof EmDire:The Buildings of the Raj, Oxford,

1986,175
 271

C81
Malcolm Monument, Bornbay,,1836
Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A. (1781-1841)

Plate-S 79,80

Marble 5tatUe 84" high on a marble pedestal 570 high x 36" Wide x
38" deep

INSCRIPTION
on peaestal SIRJOHNMALCOLM
G,C,B./BORNAT BURNFOOT
1769/DIED
AT LONDON/ 1833

SIGNED
on statue Sir Francis Chantrey,Sculptor, 1836

This heroic standingmarble figure wears contemporarymilitary

uniform. A cloak falls over the left shoulder onto two booksat the
baseof the figure, The History-of India andThp History of Persia,
which Malcolmwrote. The right handis on the hip; the left hand
holds the hilt of a sword which is held vertically.

Sir John Malcolm 0 769-1833) was Governor of Bombay from 1826-

33. Funds for the statue were raised by public subscription, The
committee in Bombay was headed by Sam Goodfellow and Thomas
Carr,' The Bombaycommittee asked Colonel Pasky of Chatham to

IamIndebtedtoA.YadigtonforproMingthI3Information
fromtheledgem
ofChantrey
hsheaweditin9-
yh1c
 272

act on their behalf in Britain. 2 Chantreyreceived the commissionon

23 July 1831. The contract stipulated that Chantreywould be paid
E2500 for his work.3

PROVENANCE
Old Town Hall, Bombay,India

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Variant of the statue executedfor Westminster Abbey(1837);
drawing of bust in the National Portrait Gallery (316a8 1)

LITERATURE
ChantreyLedgers,RoyalAcademy,London;Handbookto the Bombay
Presidency,London,1881,122; R. Pasley, 'SendMalcolml' The Life of
Major-GeneralSir JohnMalcolm 1769-1831 London,1982,177-78;
F. Nissen,"Landmarks," tjaM vol, XXXVII, no, I (1985)p75; 0.
Valladares, "Shadowsof the Past. Tracing the fate of Bombay's
magnifI cent, old statues." Tai Magazinj I st quarterly I ssue ( 1985),
37; MunicipalCorporationof Bombay,memorandumdated 15 August
1965,13352-2,18

'Ibid.
41bid.
 273

C82
Maneckji Monument, Bombay
John Bell (1812-95)

Plates 81,82,83

Bronzestatue 120" high on a column480" high

INSCRIPTION
onfountainDlaque CURSETJI
MANECKJI
/BORNI 9THAUGUST
1783/DIED7 MAY1845

This heroic bronzestanding f Igure Is wearing Parseeformal dress

including the phenta,or high hat. The left handIs raised to the chest
holding a scroll. The right arm is extendeddown andoutwards from
the right side, The headIs tilted slightly down. The figure stands
on a colossal columnover a fountain encircled with bronzemermaids
blowing conchshells which were onceusedas gas lights.

Cursetji ManeCkjI(1783-1845) was a wealthy Parseewho donated

much of his wealth to special projects in Bombay.The statue was
erected througha public subscription.

PROVENANCE
BellasisRoad,BycullaFlyover,Byculla,Bombay
 274

LITERATURE
Anonymous," City." Times of India, 5 October 1991, np.;Municipal
Corporationof Bombay, dated 15August1965,B352-2,
memorandum
11
 275

C83
OueenMary Monument, Delhi, 1911
Sir George Frampton, R.A. (1860-1928)

marble statue 84* h1gh

The standingmarble figure Is dressedin formal eveningdress. Her

right handIs holding a book. Her left handis relaxing at her side.

The statue was erected through the private patronageof H. H.The

Maharajaof Bikanir, G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E.1

PROVENANCE
East Loggia,Residenceof the President of India, Raisini Bhavan,New
Delhi, India

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1907 (1727-portrait Study);R.A. 1911 (196 1)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
A variant of this statue was executedfor the Victoria Memorial
(1916)

LITERATURE
R.G.Irving, IndianSummer:Lutyens.Bakerand Imperial Delhi New

IrAng,184.
 276

HavenandLondon,1981,184
 277

C84
QueenMary Monument,,
Calcutta,,1916
Sir George Frampton, R.A. (1860-1928)

Marblestatue 76 1/2" high on a marble pedestal 87" high

INSCRIPTION
on nedestal MARY/THEGIFTOFHIS HIGHNESS
THEAGA KHAN

SIGNED
on statue Frampton,R.A., London,1910

This standingmarble figure depicts the figure wearing formal

eveningdress. Her right handis holding a bookto her chest; the left
arm is relaxingat the side,

The monumentwas fundedthrough the private patronageof H.H. Sir

Aga Sultan MuhammadShah Aga Khan, G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E. Thestatue
was presented to the Victoria Memorial In 1921 by the Aga Khan.'

PROVENANCE
Victoria Memorial,Calcutta, West Bengal,India

'D escdDtiye 0aueofBust&and Statun IntheVietoflaMemodo 1978,36.

Cate)
 278

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1916(1940)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
The original model,of which this Is a variant, was executedfor New
Delhi (1910).

LITERATURE
Victoria Memorial.Calcutta: Illustrated Catalogueof Exhibits.
1925 Calcutta, 1925, item 2; Handbookto India, Pakistan. Ourma
andCeylon,London,1949,115; Descriptive Catalogueof Busts and
StatuaWn the Victoria MemoriabCalcutta, 1978,36; R.G. Irving,
Indian Summer:Lutyens,Bakerand Imperial Delhi NewHaven,1981,
184; IOOCfiles 430/62 (14)
 279

C85
Mayo Monument, Calcutta, 1875*
Sir W. HamO Tnornycrott,R.A. (i no- i qzw anaTnomas
Thornycrort (1815-1885)

Plate 84

Bronzeequestrianstatue

INSCRIPTION
on new Qedestal RICHARDSOUTHWELL/6TH
EARL
OFMAYO
original pedestal TO THEHONOURED
ANDBELOVED/MEMORY
EARLOFMAYO,K.P.,G.C.S.I./VICEROY
SOUTHWELL/6TH
OF/RICHARD
OFINDIA/HUMANE,
ANDGOVERNOR-GENERAL NOBLE
COURTEOUS, AND
DOWNIN THEMIDSTOFA/MILDBENEFICENT
STRUCK
ENLIGHTENED/
THE8THOFFEBRUARY,
CAREER/ON 1872/BYTHETREACHEROUS
HAND
PEOPLE
OFANASSASSIN/THE AND
OFINDIAMOURNING
SEDTHIS STATUE/BORN
INDIGNANT/RAI 21ST OFFEBRUARY,
1822/ASSUMEDTHEVICE-ROYALTY/
I ST OFJANUARY,1867'

51ONED
on statue T. t
Thornycrof

The figure,on this bronzeequestrian statue Is In cIv II Ian dress, hIs

right arm extended with a sword in his left. The horse is in a
trotting position, its left foot raised.

to theBengalPrad
' Handbook 1882,90.
 280

RichardSouthwell Bourke,6th Earl of Mayo(1822-72) was Viceroy

of India from 1869-72. TheThornycrofts worked on the memorial
from 1872-75.2 It was unveiled by the Prince of Wales, the future
3
King EdwardVII on .31 December1875.

PROVENANCE
The statue is on the Templeof Famegrounds,Barrackpore,India.
The monumentwas originally erected on ChowringheeRoad,
4
Calcutta. It was movedfor a secondtime to the front of the Indian
Museum,ChowringheeRoad,Calcutta before finally being movedto
Barrackporein 1974.5

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1874 (1859-bronze statuette)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
untracedbronzestatuette ( 1874)

LITERATURE
illustrated LondonNews8 January 1876,37; Handbookto the engal
PresidenC4London,1882,90; W.K. Firminger, Thacker's Guideto
Calcutta, Calcutta, 1906,57; H.E.A. Cotton, Calcutta Old andNew,
Calcutta, 1907,402; Handbookto India. Pakistan. Burma-andCeylon,

'Thom)croftArcNYes,
HMMoore Sculpture Gaiety,Leed3,
Centre,Leed3CltyArt
York3hire.
'Cotton,402.
B.NarainforprovIdIngtHsWomaklon.
41amindebtedto
'Ibid.
 281

London,1949,170; B. Read,Victorian Sculpture 1982,369;

Thomycroft Archives, HenryMooreSculpture Studies Centre, Leeds,
Yorkshire
 282

C86
MayoMonument,,Ajmer
Matthew Noble (1817-76)

MarbleStatue

INSCRIPTION
front of pedestalTHISSTATUE/ISERECTEDIN HONOUR OF/RICHARD
SOUTHWELL BOURKE/EARLOFMAY/M.P.-C.M.S.I./VICEROY
OF
21,1822, DIEDFEBRUARY
1868TO 1872/BORNFEBRURY
INDIA/FROM
8,1872/THE FORCE
OFMINDANDBODYWHICH/ENABLED
HIMTODEAL
WISELYANDPROMPTLY/WITH
EVERY
BRANCH
OFPUBLIC
JUSTICEWHICHUNIFORMLY/GUIDED
BUSINESS/THE HIS POLICY/THE
WHICHENDEARED
BENEVOLENCE HERULED/THE
HIM/TOALL WHOM
ADMIRABLE ANDOPENNESS
CANDOUR ENABLED
OFMIND/WHICH HIMTO
ALLWHOAPPROACHED
LEARN/FROM HIM/ANDTHEWONDERFUL
OFDISPOSITION/WHICH
SWEETNESS SUBDUEDEVENHISENEMIES/CAN
BEFORGOTTEN
NEVER WHOKNEWHIM/ANDHAVEPRODUCED
BYTHOSE
THEINDIANEMPIRE/IN
LASTINGEFFECTS/ON THESERVICE OFWHICH
HESPENTHISBESTYEARS/ANDLOSTHISLIFE/IT WASHISHOPETHAT
WHICHHEFIRSTSUGGESTED
THISCOLLEGE/OF THE
PROMOTE
FOUNDATION/MIGHT AMONG
THEYOUTH
OFRAJPUTANA/THE
OF/FORTITUDE,
VIRTUES
CARDINAL TEMPERANCE,JUSTICEAND
WHICHHISOWNLIFE/GAVEA SPLENDID
BENEVOLENCE/OF EXAMPLEon
reverse THIS ERECTED
STATUE/WAS FROM SUBSCR
FUNDS/ I BED
IN/RAJPUTANA/T0MARKTHEESTEEM
ANDADMIRATION/ENTERTAINED
OFTHE/MAYO
FORTHENOBLE/FOUNDER (also In Hindi and
COLLEGE
 283

Urdu)

RichardSouthwellBourke,6th Earl of May(1822-72)was Viceroyof

India from 1869-72.

The standing marble figure wears contemporarydress underthe

robes of the Viceroy, TheOrder of the Star of India is aroundthe
neck. The right arm is extendedfrom the side. The left arm is
relaxed at the side; the left handholds a hat, The right leg is
advanced.The headis turned slightly to the left,

The monies for the statue were raised through a public subscription
of both the British and native residents of Rajputana.1 The
subscription monies totaled In excess of Rs. 26,000.2 The expenses
of the statue were, E61415.8 to Matthew Noble, E528.0.0 to Mrs.
Noble, L 15.15.0 to Mr. Edwards (Noble's assistant) and L30.14.0 for
the freight to India for a total of El, 189.4.8.3 Other expenses
involved a commission at 1/4 % or Rs. 13,185.6.0, Telegrams Rs.
42.8.0, Model Pedestal Rs. 137.0.0, Permanent Pedestal Rs. 859.2.3
and the railway freight from Bombay to Ajmer of Rs. 231.15.0 for a
total of Rs. 14,488.13.3. The remaining balance of Rs. 11,879 was
donated, with the consent of the subscribers, to Mayo College who
eventually used the funds to purchase land.4

he3beenkindlysuppled
I Thi3informaltion MayoColege,Ajmer
byShrl0. P.ApwW,Bursar,
in COITe3pondence%Ah theaLuthor
dated17December 1992.
,
'ibid. ShdO.P.AgmWobtained thisWwWlon fromShering'sWoof MIWQvol.1,nd,
24.
'Ibid.
4Ibid,24-5.
 284

PROVENANCE
The 5tatue J5currently located in the front gardenoval, Mayo
College,Ajmer, India. It was originally erected by the Sanders'
Memorial in front of the Ajmer Club but was later movedto the
.
centre hall of MayoCollege.5

LITERATURE
Sherring, Histocy of May-o,vol. 1, nd, 24-56

'Ibid.,25.
6Aphotocopy ofpages24-5ofthete)dwerepostedto
mebyMr.8, K.Pande,Unfortunately
thefullnameoftheauthor, onontheplace
Informall enddateofthepublication
werenotIncluded
and I have
notbeenabletolocate
thMormatlonin Canada.
 285

C87
MehtaMonument,Bombay
Frances Derwent Wood, R.A. ( 1871-1926)

Plate 85

Bronzestatue 97* high on a stone pedestal 192" high

INSCRIPTION

onoedestal SIR PHEROZESHAH

M.MEHTAK.C.I.E.LLD/I 845-1913/A
GREATCITIZENA GREATPATRIOTANDA GREATINDIAN

This heroicbronzestandingfigure Is In contemporarydress,a long

coat andtrouserscoveredby a robe. Hewearsthe phenta,or high
hat of the Parsees.Theleft arm Is bentat the elbow,extending
f orwardf rom the figure with clinchedf ist in front of chest. The
left arm is extendedfrom the side,elbowbent,palmof handheld
upright. The feet are slightly parted;the left foot Is forward,

Mehta(1845-1913) WaSknown IOCalIYaS"The Lion

Sir PherozeShah
of Bombay". Hewas an active politician who wrote the Municipal
Act of 1872, He founded the Bombay Chronicle as well as being a
founding parter of the Central Bank of India.

PROVENANCE
In front of the MunicipalBuilding, MahapalikaMargandDadabhai
 286

Naoraji Road,Bombay,India

LITERATURE
Handbookto India. Pakistan. Burma and Ceylon, London, 1949,16; P.
Davies, The PenguinGuide to the Monuments of India vol. 11: Islamic.
Rajput. European,London, 1989,447
 287

C88
MintoMonument,
Calcutta,1914*
Sir William Goscombe John, R.A. (1860-1952)

Plates 86

Bronzeequestrianstatue

INSCRIPTION
on new pedestal THERT.HON.GILBERT
JOHN/ELLIOT-MURRAY
KYNYNMOND /EARLOFMINTO/KGGCSI GCMGGCIE/VICEROY/AND
6OVERNOR GENERAL/OF
INDIA/1905-10 on orig inal uedestal, THE
JOHN/ELLIOT-MURRAY
RT.HON.GILBERT KYNYNMONDEARL OF
GCSIGCMG
MINTO/KG GCIE/VICEROY/AND
GOVERNOR
GENERAL/OF
INDIA/1905-10'

This heroic bronzeequestrianstatue has the rider wearing a

military uniform with a helmet. Numero6sdecorationsadornthe
left chest of the jacket. Theright arm is relaxed at the side holding
a batonIn the right hand. The left arm Is bent at the elbow, the left
handresting on the saddleholding the reins of the mount. Mounthas
saddle,blanket andstirrups. The mount is calm. Both the f Igure and
the horseare looking slightly to the left. Two bronzepanels
2
decoratedthe original pedestalentitled An IndianProcession.

I Handbook POistan.
toIndia, Burmaend
Ceft 1949,113.
'ibid.
 288

TheRight HonourableGilbert John ElI iotMurray-KynynmoncI 4th

Earl of Minto (1845-1914) joined the Scots GuardsIn 1867, He
served In the SecondAfghanWar of 1878-79, Hewas appointed
Oovernor-General of Canadain 1898 andGovernor-Generalof India
from 1905 to 1910.

PROVENANCE
The equestrianstatue Is located on Old Flagstaff Housegrounds,
Barrackpore,West Bengal,India. The two panels representingAa
Indian Processionare at the entrance to the Victoria memorial,
Calcutta. The statue was originally erected on the RedRoad,
Calcutta.'

EXHIBITED
RA 1913(201 ]-model); 1914 (2205-bronze panels)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Variant of equestrianstatue for I st Viscount Tredegar(1909,
Cardiff)

LITERATURE
W.S. Birney, Calcutta Guide,Calcutta, 1946,14; HandbookW-India..
BurmaandCeylon London,1949,113; Goscombe John at
-Paklstan
the NationalMuseumof Wales,ed.F Pearson,exhibition catalogue,
Cardiff, 1979,82

I olmey,14.
 289

C89
MontagueMonument,,
Bornbay*
S. Riccardi

PlateS 89,90

Bronzestatue 87" high

This heroic bronzeseatedfigure is wearing morning dress. A

monocle is held by the left eye,

Edwin S. Montague(1879-1924) was Secretary of State for India

between 1917-22.

LOCATION
The statue Is currently housedin the gardenarea adjacent to the Dr.
BhauDaji LadMuseum,Bombay,India. Thefigure was originally
erected at the CrossMaIdan, '
Bombay. It was movedto the museum
1965.2
compoundIn August,

KNOWNVERSIONS
Variantexecutedfor Jamnagar(1925)l

hasbeensuppledbythestaffoftheDr.BhauDo#LedMuseum.
I ThisWormation
'Ibid.
I SeeC91.
 290

C90

Montague Monument, Calcutta*

K. Hilton Young (K. Scott) (nd)

Bronzestatue 72" high

INSCRIPTION
on new pedestal EDWIN/SAMUEL OFSTATEFROM
MONTAGUE/SEC
1917 TO 1922/WHOAMIDSTCERTAINEVENTS/GREATLY
SERVED/THE
OF INDIA'
EMPIREANDPEOPLE

SIGNED
on-statue K.Hilton (K.
Young Scott Sc)/A.B.Burton,Founder,London

This life size bronzestanding rigure is in contemporarycivilian

dress. Thefi gureIeansona drapedstandat the rear, Theheadof
the figure Is looking down,the arms are folded at the chest, the
fists are clinched. The legs are crossedat the ankles.

EdwinSamuelMontague(1879-1924) was Secretary of State for

India from 1917-22.

PROVENANCE
The monument is located on the Old Flagstaff Housegrounds,
Barrackpore, India. The figure was originally erected in the Council

theod*Win3cd0lon.
II havenotlocated
 291

Housegardens,Calcutta.

LITERATURE
W. S. Birney, Calcutta Guide Calcutta, 1946,37; Handbookto India.
Pakistan,BurmaandCeylon,11949,109

I Bkney,37.
 292

C91

Montague Monument,,Jamnagar,, 1925*

S. RIccardl (nd)

BronzeStatue

This heroic seatedbronzefigure Is wearing contemporarycivilian

dress.

Edwin Samuel Montague(1879-1924) was Secretary of State for

India between 1917-22.

The statue was unveiled by Rufus Isaacs, Ist Lord Reading(1860-

1935),Viceroyof Indiafrom 1921-25.

PROVENANCE
The statue Is currently located on the godown of the Municipal
office, '
Jamnagar. It was originally In front of the Municipal
VegetableMarket,2 For some years, after being removedfrom Its
original site in 1967, it was kept in a gardennear the 3
museum.

VERSIONS
KNOWN
A varlant of the statue for Bombay.4

Cwespondence theauthorand
between S.K.Pande, 4Decemberl992.
Bombay,
'Ibid.
31bld.
I SeaC89.
 293

C92
MunroMonumentS
Madras,1834
Sir Franciscnantrey, R.A. (I 7B I- 1841 )

Plate 91

Bronze eque5trian 5tatue 126" high on a 5tone pede5tal 180" high

INSCRIPTION
on Dedestal SIR
MAJ-GEN THOMAS
MUNRO,BART, C.
K. B.
/GOVERNOR
OFNADRAS,1820-27/BORN27THNAY 1761/DIEDTHEJULY1827

SIGNED

on statue Sc,
Chantrey, 1834 on Dedestal Ostheider, 1839

This herolc bronzeequestrian statue Is of afI gureInmIII tary

uniform wearing a cape.The right arm is slightly extendedoutward.
Theleft arm is bentat the elbowresting on the left leg. Thef Igure
is holdingthe reins in his left hand.Heholdsa sword,tip pointed
down,in his right hand.Theface of the figure Is lookingslightly to
the right, Themountis calm. Thebackright leg is advanced.The
left front leg is advanced,Thefigure Is sitting ona saddlewith no
stirrups.

Sir ThomasMunro,Baronet,K.C.B. 0 761-1827) was Governorof

Madrasfrom 1820-27. Fundsfor the erection of the statue were
raisedthroughpublic subscription. I.G. Esq.
Ravenshaw, represented
 294

' Chantreyreceived the

the Madrascommittee in London.
2
commissionon 20 October 1828. The contract stipulated that the
monumentfor Munroshouldbe no less than 120" high and should be
completedwithin four 3
years. The statue was, however, completed
In 1834 andshippedto Madrason The Asia on 19 May 1838.4
Chantreywas paid C8012.9.4,Including the costs of ropes, sl Ings
5
and transportation to the docks,for his work.

PROVENANCE
The Island,Madras,Tamil Nadu,India

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1840 01 90-marble bust)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
The figures of both horse andrider are related to Chantrey'sstatue
for GeorgeIV (1828, London);untraced marble bust given to Mrs.
Munroas ag If tf rom Chantrey"

LITERATURE
Chantrey Accounts, Royal Academy, London; G.Jones, Sir Francis
Chantrey. RA Recollections of His Life, Practice and 00inions
London, 1849,288-89,304; J. Bradshaw, Rulers of India: Sir Thomas

I SeeChantreyAccounts, RoyalAcademy,London.
'Ibid.
31bid.
'Ibid.
'Ibid.
I amindebtedtok Yarrington
forbringing
tNstomyaltention.
 295

Munroandthe British Settlement of the MadrasPresidency Oxford,

1894,1,212; J. J. Cotton, List of Statues. MonumentsandBusts
Frprted in Madrasin Hnnournf Distinaid-shpdSprvantc;nf thp Stntp
Madras,1898,6; H.Armitage, Francis Chantrey, DonkeyBoy and
Sculptor London,1915,95; P. R.Krishnaswami,Tom MunroSahib.
Governorof Madras Madras,1947,1; Handbookto India, Pakistan.
BurmaandCeylon London,1949,606; Handbookfor Travellers in
India, Pakistan.BurmaandCe", London,1962,416; M,Whinney,
SculUturein Britain 1530-183A London,1964,409; M.Archer, "Neo-
Classical Sculpture in India," ApaU, 120 (July 1984), 52; S.
Muthiah,MadrasDiscovered,Madras,1987,97,103; Fitmilliarn
Museum,British Artists Ms.22-1949
 296

C93
Maharajahof Mysore Monument,Mysore**
Edward Onslow Ford, R.A. (1852-190 1)

Bronzeequestrianstatue

The statue Is reported to be a colossal bronzeequestrian memorial

depicting the Maharajawearing formal dress. Two life size female
allegorical figures, symbolizing Justice and Knowledge,
are on
either side of the statue There are also four bronzestatuettes
situated on the pedestal representing the Four Winds carrying the
fame of the Maharajato the four corners of the globe.'

PROVENANCE
The monumentwas originally erected In Sculpture Square,Mysore,
India, The site is now occupiedby a memorial to an Indian national
I eader.

LITERATURE
M.H.5pielman,British SculUtureandSculptor5 of Today London,
1901,52-3; B. Read,Victorian Scu]Qture NewHavenandLondon,
1982,369

52-53.
IsN elman,
 297

C94
Napier Monument, Calcutta,, 1880*
Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm, R.A. (1834-90)

Bronze eque5trian 5tatue 120" high

INSCRIPTION
on new pedestal NAPIEROFMAGDALLA'

This heroicbronzestandingf Igureis dressedIn a tropical campaign

uniform, The figure hasa moustache, Is wearinga pith helmet and
holdsaneyeglassin his right hand,A pistol is in the holster, The
figure looksto the right. Themountis calm,the right backleg
slightly advanced, The mount looksto the right, Therider has
saddleandstirrups.

Robert Cornelius,Field Marshal,Lord Napierof Magdala,K.C.B.

0 810-90) servedwith the EICduring the Uprisings of 1857-58. He
also served in the Chinese War of 1860 and the Abyssinian
Expeditionof 1868. Hewas the military memberof Council between
1861-65, Commander- In-Chief in Bombayfrom 1865-70, Commander
In Chief of all India from 1870-76. Hewas the officiating Governor-
Generalof India from Novemberto December1863. Hewas
appointed Field Marshalof Gibraltar and Constable of the Tower. The
funds for the statue were raised through a public subscription.
Napierhadpersonalsittings with Boehmwhile he was modelling the
'Cottonnoto thatthi3welso the ofloMinseflption(371).
 298

f igure.

PROVENANCE
The monument is located on the Temple of Fame grounds,
Barrackpore, India. The statue was originally positioned in front of
St. George's Gate, Fort William, CalcuttO

LITERATURE
Athenegum 5 June 1880,733; Times 9 July 169 1,12; Blackwood's
Magazine(1891) 149: 3413;H. E. A. Cotton, Calcutta Old and New,
Calcutta, 1907,370-7 1; A. Byron, Londonstatues: A guide to
London's outdoor statues and SCUIDture,London, 1981,169; M.
Stocker, Royalist and Realist: The Life and Work of Sir Joseph Edgar
Boehm New York and London.,1988,148-9,354-55; PROWORK
20/135

I Stocker,148.
Ibid.
Ibid., 149.
Ibid.
 299

C95
Neill MonumentJMadras,,1860*
Matthew Noble (1817-76)

Bronzestatue 73" high

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal front, now lost JAMES SMITH
GEORGE C.
NEILL, B.
/AIDE-
DE-CAMP TOTHEQUEEN&T. FUSILIERS/BRIG-
COL.OFTHEMADRAS
GENERAL SELF-RELIANT
IN INDIA/ABRAVE,RESOLUTE,
IER/UN
SOLD ACKNOWLEDGED
IVERSALLY STEMMED
ASTHEFIRST/WHO
BENGALME
OFREBELLION/IN
THETORRENT THE
FELLGLORIOUSLY/AT
SEPT1857 AGED47 on reverse, now
OFLUCKNOW/25TH
RELIEF
ID-al ERECTED BYPUBLICSUBSCRIPTION 1860 The adjacent panels
I Isted the non-commi55ionedoff Jcer5andmenwho died in
campaignswith Neill. '

The bronze figure stands In military uniform, sheatedsword In left

hand,right handpointing as if giving a command.

JamesGeorgeSmith Neill, C.6, (1810-57) was colonel of the I st

MadrasFusIllers, Brigadler-Generalin India and later aide-de-camp
to the Queen.Hewas responsiblefor suppressingthe uprising at
Varanasi In 1857. At that time he had all of the mutineers which
were captured,put to death. Hewas killed at during
Lucknow the

I Cotton,
I-
 300

uprising of 1857. The statue was fundedby public subscription.

PROVENANCE
National Museum,Madras, Tamil Nadu, India The statue originally
stood west of the Madras Club on Mount Road,Madras. It was
removedto the museumIn 1937.

VERSIONS
KNOWN
A variant of the statue for Ayr (1875); marble bust (1860, Victoria
Calcutta)
Memorial,

LITERATURE
Handbookof the MadrasPresid= London,1879,149; J. J. Cotton,
Lists of Statues, MonumentsandBusts Frected in Madrasin Honour
of DistinguishedServantsof the State Madras,1898,1; HandbooktQ
India. Pakistan.BurmaandCeylgil London,1949,4; P. Davles,The
Guideto the Monumentsof India vol. 11:Islamic. RalpuL
_P_enguin
A=aa, London,1989,550
,
 301

C96
Nicholson Monument Delhi,, 1904**
,
Slr Thomas Brock, R.A. (1847-1922)

Plate 92

Bronze
statue
INSCRIPTION
on pedestal JOHN/NICHOLSON'

This heroic bronzestatue stands In his military uniform. The face

of the figure, I ook3to the I eft. The right Ieg is forward. The right
arm is relaxed at the side, holding a sword. The left arm is slightly
raised. The left handholds the sheath for the sword.

John Nicholson,Brigadier-General(1821-57) joined the military

department of the EICon 24 February 1839 andwas sent to Calcutta.
He served In the victorious AfghanWar of 1841. Hesubsequently
served at the battles of Sutlej andFerozeshahduring 1847 and
1848, respectively. Hewas put in commandof the Punjab. In 1848 a
Hindu sect commencedwhich worshipped'Nickalsayn'. Nicholson
was killed during the storming of Delhi In September1857.

PROVENANCE
Thestatue was originally locatedto the left of KashmirGate,Delhi,

I Egract
edfromphotopp hqlven
to BX $AbyBdgadl
orPeny,Seds3Officoroftha
Nsslon.
CommonweeJthWerGmvesCwv,
 302

near where Nicholsonwas buried. The statue was removedin 1956.2

Just before the statue was removed,a large numberof police and
workmen were gatheredaroundthe statue. Brigadier Perry, Series
officer of the CommonwealthWar GravesCommission,queried all
the armedpresence! The Superintendentof the Police admitted
"rather sheepishlythat 'Jan Nikalsayn' hadbeena very 'zubberdust'
(fierce) man,andthey could not be sure that his spirit would not
return to mete out justice to those who disturbed his resti". 4

LITERATURE
J. RentonDenning,Delhj- TheImperial City, Bombay,1911,59-80;
Chowkidar,vol. 1, no. 1,1977; Correspondence
with Lord John and
Lady NicholsondatedJune 17,1992; IOOCf iles I/I /B (44); 472/15
(4)

Note: Attempts to locate this monument,which was thought to have

beenreturned to Ireland, through the descendantsof Nicholson,Lord
John andLadyNicholson,Mottistone Manor,Isle of Wight, havebeen
unsuccessful. The family Is unawareof the the existence of the
monument.

'W=Wlon proi4ded to BACSAbyBdgaclerPany.

I Ibid.
4Quoted vol. I. no. 1.1977,1/5.
from Chawkidar.
 303

C97
Norris Monument,Bombay, 1848
William Theed the Younger (1804-91)

Plate 93

Marble statue 60" high

INSCRIPTION
NORRIS
on pedestal- CHARLES ESQRE/BORN
3RDAPRIL1791/WHO
AFTERA LONGANDDISTINGUISHEDCAREER/IN
THESERVICE
OFTHE
HONBLE 6THDECEMBER
E.I. COMPANY/DIED 1842

SIGNED
on statue OpusW.Theed,Roma,1848

The marble seatedf Igure is dressedin a heavily drapedRomantoga

which falls over the right shoulder. The left arm is resting on the
knee holding a scroll. The right arm Is relaxed over the back of the
chair, The face of the sitter looks to the left. The figure is wearing
sandals with the right toot advanced,

Charles Norris (1791-1842) was secretary to the governmentand

member of Council. Norris was also part of the Judicial Department.
 304

PROVENANCE
Old Town Hall, Bombay,India

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1849 (1228)

LITERATURE
R. Cameron,Shadowsfrom India: An Architectural AILM London,
1958,153
 305

C98
Northbrook Monument,Calcutta*
Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm, R.A. (1834-90)

Bronzestatue 96" hIgh

INSCRIPTION
on new pedestal NORTHBROOK'

SIGNED
on statut- H.YoungandCo.,Art Founders,Pimlico

The bronzestandingf Igure Is dressedin the robes of the Viceroy and

wearing the Orderof the Star of India, His left handholds a sword
in a scabbard.Theright handholds a folded paper.

ThomasGeorgeBaring,2nd Baronand I st Earl of Northbrook,G.M.S.1.

(1826-1904) was VIceroy andGovernor-Generalof India from 1872-
76. Hehadpreviously servedas First Lord of the Admiralty In
Gladstone'sadministration from 1880-85 andUnder-Secretaryat
the India Office from 1861-64.

PROVENANCE
Thestatue Is locatedonthe OldFlagstaff grounds,Barrackpore,
India Thestatueoriginally stoodin front of the HighCourt,

oftheod&Wlnscdoion.
II amunaware
 306

2
Calcutta,WestBengal,Indi a.

VERSIONS
KNOWN
marble bust (1879, Bombay)

LITERATURE
W.K. Firminger, Tbacker's0'7UJdP,
10 Calcutta, Calcutta, 1906,57; H. E.
A. Cotton, Calcutta Old-andNew, Calcutta, 1907,375-76; W. S.
Birney, Calcutta Qui-ft Calcutta, 1946,36

'Simey,36;Codon,
375.
 307

C99

Ormiston Monument, Bombay, 1885

John Mossman

Plate 94

Marble statue 97 1/2" high on stone pedestal 28" high

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal IN RECOGNITION
OFTHE SERVICESOFTHOMAS
M. 1.C. E. C. 1.E., FORMERLY
ORMISTON., DEANOFTHEFACULTYOF
*
CIVIL ENGINEERING IN THEUNIVERSITYOFBOMBAYWHOWHENCHIEF
PORTTRUSTPLANNEDANDCONSTRUCTED
TOTHEBOMBAY
ENGINEER
THE PRINCE'SDOCK,THEPRONGS'
LIGHTHOUSE,
THESUNKROCK
ANDOTHERWORKSIN THE CITY ANDHARBOUR
LIGHTHOUSE OF
BOMBAY.TOTHELASTINGBENEFITOFTHE PEOPLE
THIS STATUEIS
BYHIS FRIENDSONA SITE GRANTED
ERECTED BYTHEUNIVERSITY,A.D.
1888

SIGNED
on Mossman,Sculptor, Glasgow, 1805
-statue

This marble standing statue is wearing morning dress. The right

hand holds a compass with the left holding a sheet of paper. Behind
the left leg of the figure, there is a relief carving of a lighthouse.
 308

PROVENANCE
Gardens, UniversitU of BombaU,13ombaU,India
 309

cloo

Outram Monument,,Calcutta.. 1873*

John H. Foley, R.A. (1818-74)

Plate 95

Bronzeequestrianstatue 112" high on granite pedestal 38" high

INSCRIPTION
onpedestal SIRJAMESOUTRAM/LIEUTENANT-GENERAL, G.C.B., AND
BARONET/H 15LIFEWAS61VENTO INDIA/ IN EARLYMANHOODHE
WILDRACES/BY
RECLAIMED WINNING
THEIRHEARTS/GHAZNI,
KELAT,
WITNESSED/THE
THEINDIANCAUCASUS, DARING
DEEDS
OFHIS
BROUGHT
PRIME/PERSIA TOSUEFORPEACE/LAKHAN
RELIEVED,
ANDRECOVERED/WERE
DEFENDED FIELDSOFHISLATER
SERVANT
GLORIES/FAITHFUL OFENGLAND/LARGE-MINDED
ANDKINDLY
RULEROF/HERSUBJECTS/IN
ALLTHETRUEKNIGHT/THE
BAYNARD
OF
4THOFJANUARY1803/DIEDI ITH MARCH1863
THEEAST/BORN

SIGNED
J. H.Foley,Sculptor, R.A. R.M.MoorfieldandCo.,
-QDstatue
Founders,London,1873

This heroic bronzeequestrianstatue has the rider in contemporary

military uniform with high boots. The figure Is twisted violently
looking to the right rear. The right arm is rigid with the hand
 310

clinched resting on the rear of the mount. The left arm Is bent at
the elbow holding the reins to the chest, The mount is rearing
violently. The right front leg Is raised; the left rigid and pushing
back. The tail of the mount extendsvertically.

GeneraISIr JamesOutram,G.C.B. ( 1803-63) went to IndIaIn 1816.

He served In the mi II tary for forty-f our years. Hereturned to
Englandin 1860, The statue was fundedby public subscription. The
work arrived in Calcutta where It was unveiled by Lord Napier of
Magdalaon QueenVictoria's birthday, 1874'

PROVENANCE
The monumentwas originally erected on the Maidannear the
junction of ChowringheeRoadandPark Street, Calcutta! The statue
is currently on the groundsof the Victoria Memorial, Calcutta.

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1861 (1053)

KNOWNVERSIONS

marble bust (1861, Victoria Memorial); marble bust (1863,

Westminster Abbey)

LITERATURE
Art Journal(1861),223; (1863),39; 0 864), 314,347; 0 874),306;
W. R.Tucker,JamesOutram,Calcutta, 1879 (frontis); Handbookof

I Bimey,26-27.
'Ibid.
 311

the BengalPresidency,London,1882,90; L.Trotter, TheLife of John

Nicholson.SoldierandAdministrator,London,1891,362;W.K.
Firminger,Thacker'sGuideto Calcutta Calcutta, 1906,59; W.S.
Birnie, CalcuttaGuideCalcutta,1946,26-7; Handbook to India.
Pakistan.BurmaandCeylon,London,1949,113;B.Read,Victorian
5LUJULua, NewHavenandLondon,1982,171,355; M,Stocker,
Royalist andRealist. TheLife andWorkof Sir JosephEdgarBoehm,
NewYorkandLondon,1988,148
 312

clol

Peel Monument, Calcutta,, 1863*

William Theed the Younger (1840-91)

MarbleStatue

INSCRIPTION
on aw pedestal SIRWILLIAMPEEL,V.C.,K.C.B./COMMANDER
OFTHE
NAVALBRIGADE/IN THEWAROFTHEINDIANMUTINY/BORN 4THOF
1824/DIEDAT KANPUR/27TH
NOVEMBER OFAPRIL,1858'

31 GNED

on statue W.Theed,Sc, London

The marble standingfigure Is dressedas a naval officer. An anchor

and telescope are depicted on the pedestal base.

Sir William Peel,V.C.,K.C.B.(1824-58) was commander

of several
navalvessels including H.M. S. Shannon Hewas woundedduringthe
relief of the British community in Lucknow in 1858. Peelassisted
in trying to halt the uprisingat Kanpur;he later diedof smallpox.

PROVENANCE
Thestatue Is on the porchof the Templeof FamefacingOld
Flagstaff House,Barrackpore,India, It was originally situated on

I ThewordingoftheodgMkmdpUmhu notbeenloWed.
 313

the south side of EdgenGardens,the Esplanade,Calcutta.

VERSIONS
KNOWN
A variant of the statue for the Painted Hall, GreenwichHospital,
London(1861) andfor SandyChurCh,Bedfordshire(1861 ).

LITERATURE
the BengalPresidmcL,London,1882,38; H. E.A. Cotton,
HandbooK-of
Calcutta Old andNew,Calcutta, 1907,373-74; W.S. Birney, Calcutta
Guide Calcutta, 1946,35; Handbookto India. Pakistan, Burmaand
fe", London,1949,107; RoyalCommonwealthSociety Library,
Album Y3022E,pl. 9; India Off Ice andOriental Collection files 29
(31), 513/4 (49d), 475 (32)

I Bimey,3S.
 314

C102
Pepper Monument, Madras, 1829
GeorgeClarke ( 1796-1842)

Plate 96

Marble statue 72" high on a marble pedestal 18" high

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal TO/LT COLHERCULESHENRY
PEPPER34THL
INFANTRY/WHO DIEDAT FORTS GEORGE
25THFULY1826 AGED
SHEDONVARIOUS
42/Dl STINGUI OCCASIONS
BYA RAREENERGY
ANDARDENT
OF/CHARACTER ZEALANDDEVOTED
GALLANTRY/THESE
QUALITIES/HE DISPLAYED,
PARTICULARLY WHILSTCOMMANDING/A
BRIGADE ARMYIN PEGUIN THEBIRMESE
OFTHEMADRAS WAR/AND
3RDL INFANTRY/CAPTAIN
TO/LT COLCONTROY I" EUR
CURSHAM
STEDMAN
REG/CAPTAIN 34THL INFANTRY/LIEU
ADAMS3" L
WITHTHESANESPIRITAND
ANIMATED
INFANTRY/WHO,
EMULATING/THE OFTHEIRINTREPID
EXAMPLE WERE
LEADER
INJANUARY1826/THISMONUMENT/IS
KILLED/ATSETONG RAISEDBY
OFTHEIRFRIENDS
SEVERAL IN THE/COAST
ARMY

SIGNED
on statue G.Clarke, Sculptor

This life size marble standing figure wears the uniform of the 34th
 315

MadrasLight Infantry completewith cape. The right arm of the

figure Is extended,bent at the elbow, holding a scroll which reads
"Setong II th Jan". The left arm Is relaxed at the side. The left leg
is extendedforward andslightly bent.

Henry HerculesPepper0 786-1826) was Lieutenant-Colonelof the

34th MadrasLight Infantry. The statue was f undedby a subscriptl on
of the Coast Army, '

PROVENANCE
St, Mary's in the Fort, Madras,Tamil Nadu,India

LITERATURE
J. J. Cotton, List or Statues. Monuments and Busts Erected In Madra5
Honour of Distinguished Servants of the State Madras, 1898,60;
-in
G.Barlow, The Story of St. Ma[)'s In the Fort, London, 1921,141; S,
Muttlah, The Glory of Madras Madras, 1990,12
 316

C103
Petit Monument, Bombay
Sir Thomas Brock, R.A. (1847-1922)

Plate 97,98

Marble statue 72" high on stone pedestal 64" high

INSCRIPTION
ongedestal SIRDINSHAW
MANOCKJEEPETIT/BARONET
/ERECTED
BY
THECITIZENSOFBOMBAY/INAPPRECIATION
OFTHE? ANDVALUED
BYHIMAS A GREATPHILANTHROPIST
SERVICE/RENDERED AND
30THJUNE1823 DIED5THMAY1901
CAPTAIN OFINDUSTRY/BORN

This heroic seatedmarble figure is wearing full Parseedress

including the phenta,or high hat. The face of the figure looks
slightly to the right. Theright arm is resting on the arm of the
chair, the hand of the figure on the lap. The elbow of the left arm is
supportedby the arm of the chair, The left handis holding the edge
of a book, the Indexfinger parting the pages.

Sir DinshawPetit (1823-1901) erected the Maneckjl Petit Spinning

and WeavingMill In Bombay.He was a Director of the Bankof
Bombay,.a memberof a numberof Parseeorganizationswithin the
city, a of
member the Bombay
Royal Asiatic Societyanda memberof
the BombayMunicipalCorporation.Hewas appointedto sit on the
 317

Governor-General'sCouncil In 1886 as well as being appointed

Sheriff of BombayIn 1886. Hewas knighted In 1887 and madea
Baronet In 1890.Hespent his wealth on local charities which
included the building of the Towers of Silence, the Hospital for
Animals and the BombayCollegefor Women.

PROVENANCE
Bhatla Bhag,Bombay,India

VERSIONS
KNOWN
The figure is a variation of that carved by Brock on a wal I tablet to
Petit In the D.M.Petit Hospital, Bombay(nd).
 318

C104
Petit Monument, Bombay
Sir Thomas Brock, R.A.

Plates 97

Marble statue 74" high on a marble pedestal 63" high with two
marble relief panels

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal ERECTED/BY
NUMEROUS
FRIENDSANDASSOCIATESAS
A/TRIBUTETOTHENENORY/OFTHEIR/DISTINGUISHED
AND
CITIZENMESSERWANJI
PHILANTHROPIC/FELLOW PETIT,
MANEKJI
ESQUIRE/IN HISEXCELLENT
APPRECIATION/OF VIRTUES/AND
CHARITY/DIED
EXTENSIVE 2NDNOV1901 AGED56 YEARS

This standingmarble figure is wearing the traditional toga-like

uttariya andturban. The right arm is bent at the elbow andis
supportedby a drapedstrut. Booksare underthe right hand. The left
arm is relaxed at the side. The left handholds a baton. The right
foot is extendedforward slightly. Two deeplycarvedpanels
decoratethe sides of the pedestal.

ManochjeeNesserwanjee Petit (1845-1901) was one of the leading

industralists and philanthropists in BombaUduring his lifetime. One
hi
of s proj ects was to endowthe Reading Roomof the J. N.Peti t
institute in oombay.
 319

PROVENANCE
The statue is currentlg located at Gowalia Tank, Cumballa Hill.,
Bombay. It was originally erected on the grounds of the Asiatic
Society of Bombay, Old Town Hall, Bombay.

he
 320

clos

Powell Monument,Madras
Unknown'

Marbleportralt statue

INSCRIPTION
BURTON
on pedpstal EYRE POWELL,
M.A,,CSI. THEFIRSTPRINCIPAL
OFTHISCOLLEGE ANDAFTERWARDS
DIRECTOR OFPUBLIC
INSTRUCTION, ERECTED
BYMANYRAJAHS,ZAMINDARS, FORMER
PUPILSANDFRIENDS TOMARKTHEIRRESPECT FORHISCHARACTER
APPRECIATION
ANDTHEIRGRATEFUL OFHISSERVICES
TOTHE
OFHIGHER
CAUSES EDUCATION
FORMORETHAN30 YEARS2

PROVENANCE
UnderthedomeInsidePresidency
COllege, India
Madras,

LITERATURE
J. J. Cotton,I Ist of Sta-tues,
Monuments
andBu, Erected
t4-q
-; in Madra,;
jajWfor of D1sti riguishedServants of the-State, MadrasGovernment
Press, 1898,6

Became Re
s taking
ofthepolitical placeInMadwduring 199Ij Iw not
September,
allowsdtophotogmphorclaselyinsp
setthismonument.Therefore,
Iwn to
unable locate
a
No
signelure. oneInMadra has been
ableto tell
methename
ofthe executed
sculptorthat the
monument.
2
6.
Cotton,
 321

C106
Raffles Monument,,Singapore,, 1887*
Sir Thomas Woolner, R.A. (1825-92)

Plate 103

Bronzestatue 840 high on a stone pedestal 27" high

The standing bronzefigure Is wearing contemporarydress. The face

looks to the left; the arms are folded across the chest.

Sir Stamford Raffles (1781-1826) entered the service of the EICin

1795 as a clerk. Hewas appointedassistant Secretary to the EICin
Penangin 1805. Lord Minto appointedhim Lt.-Governorof Java In
1812 after the Island was taken from the Dutch East India Company.
Raff les reformed labour system and Introducedtrial by jury to the
island. Java was returned to the Dutch in 1816. Raff les recalled to
Londonwhere he completedhis bookthe Histocy of Java Hewas
later knighted andmadeGovernoror Bencoolen.Raff les advisedthe
EICon uniting all or the islands underthe British, In September
1822, he was sent to place Singaporeunder the control of the EIC. In
1823 he established the Raffles Institute to promote the study of
ChineseandMalayliterature. Hereturned to EnglandIn 1823 where
he foundedthe ZoologicalSociety before his death In 1826.

Sir Frederick Aloysius Weld,Governorof the Straits Settlements

and Lord of the Manorof ChidcockgaveWoolnerthe commission to
 322

execute the statue to Raffles.' There was no committee.' Woolner

later stated that it was "the most pleasing public commission he
had ever had."' The statue was unveiled in an imposing ceremony
held in celebration of QueenVictoria's Jubilee In 1887.4

PROVENANCE
The statue is presently positioned In front of the clock tower at
Victoria Memorial Hall, Singapore; it was moved to this site in
1919.3 It was originally erected on the Padang,Singapore.

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Marble replica (nd, North Boat Quay,Singapore);marble bust (nd,
Raffles Institute, Singapore)

LITERATURE
A. Woolner,ThomasWooolner.ThomasWoolner,R.A, Sculptor and
Poet. His Life in Letters London,1917,313,326,344; Fodor's
5i.ngawm%C.Gianetti (ed), 1989,44

-I 326.
Woolner,
'Ibld.
'Ibld,
mythatitwaserected
Ibid.Someaccounts In 1897.
$Correspondence
between
theauthorand
MorAan
Hatfield, 5August1991.
London,
 323

C107
Raffles Monument, Singapore, 1887*
Sir Thomas Woolner, R.A. (1825-92)

Plate 104

Marble Statue 84" high on a stone pedestal 27" high

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal ONTHISHISTORICSITE/SIRTHOMASSTAMFORD
RAFFLES/F IRSTLANDED INSINGAPORE/ON28THJANUARY1819/AND
ANDPERCEPT
WITHGENIUS ION/CHANGED
THEDESTINY
OF
FROM
31NGAPORE/ ANOBSCURE
FISHINGVILLAGE/TO,
A GREAT
METROPOLIS
AND/MODERN
SEAPORT

Thestandingmarblefigure Is in contemporarydress. Theheadof

the fI gureIooksto the Ieft. Thearmsare f oldedacrossthe chest.

Sir ThomasStamford Raff les (1781-1826) entered service of the

EIC In 1795 as a clerk. Hewas appointedassistant Secretary to the
EIC in Penangin 1805. Lord Minto appointedhim Lt.-Governorof
Java in 1812 after the Island was taken from the Dutch East India
Company,Raffles reformed the labour system and introduced trial
by jury, Java was returned to the Dutch In 1816, Raffles was
recalled to Londonwhere he completedhis bookthe Histocy of Java,
He was later knighted andmadeGovernorof Bencoolen.Raff les
advised the EICon uniting all of the islands under the British. in
September 1822,he was sent to place Singaporeunder the control of
 324

the EIC. In 1823 he established the Raffles Institute to promote the

study of ChineseandMalay literature. Hereturned to Englandin
1823wherehefoundedthe ZoologicalSocietybeforehis deathIn
1826.

PROVENANCE
North Boat Quay,SIngapore

KNOWN VERSIONS
original bronze(1887, Singapore);marble bust (nd, Dalhousie
Institute, Singapore

LITERATURE
A, Woolner,ThomasWoolner,R.A. Sculutor and Poet. His Life and
Letters London,1917,313; M.Wright, "Return to Singapore,"
Life, 13January 1983,58-60; Fodor'sSlnaaQoreC.Glanetti
_Couotry
(ed.), 1989,43
 325

C108
Reading Monument,,Delhi,, 1928*
Charles Sargent Jagger, A.R.A. (1885-1934)

Marblestatue

Rufus Isaacs, I st Lord Reading0 860-1935) was Viceroy of India

from 1921-25.

Jaggerworkedon the monument

during 1927-28.1

PROVENANCE
Themonument was returnedto Englandin 1971andoff Icially
unveiledthe sameyear In KingGeorgeV MemorialGardens, Reading,
2 Themonument
Berkshire. was originally erectedin Delhi.3

VERSIONS
KNOWN
clay model 0 927), destroyed

LITERATURE
Char]es-SargentJagger. War andPeaceSculoturepA. Compton(ed.),
,
exhibition catalogue,Imperial Warmuseum,Lonoon,1985,49,103; J.
Darke,The MonumentGuide-toEngland-and Wale%London,1991,152

Chades Jagger-
SwCent WarandPeace ScWpturlL
103.
De*e,152.
ho notbeenIderilled.
'Theodginalske
Warand
'ChadesSarenWagger. Peace ScWptur!
L49,
 326

clog

Reay Monument, Bombay, 1895*

Sl r A] tred 611hert, R.A. ( 1854-1934)

Plates 105,106

Bronzestatue 96" highona tiled pedestal48" high

INSCRIPTION
on basesurroundIngstatue DONALD JAMESMACKAY/XILORDREAY
LLD/GOVERNOR OFBOMBAY 1885-1890/TEMPERANCE/JUSTICE/
FORTITUDE

SIGNED
n base surroundingstatue BROAD
ANDSON,LONDON

This colossalbronzeseatedfigure is wearingthe ceremonialrobes

of the Chancellorof the Universityof Bombay.Theheadof the
figure Is lookingdownto a bookwhichhe holdsby bothhands.The
right foot is slightly forward,

DonaldJamesMacKay,XI th Lord Reay,WasGovernorof Bombayfrom

1885-90.

PROVENANCE
The monumenthas beenrecently re-loCated to the J. J. Schoolof Art
grounds, India,
Bombay, Thestatue was originally erectedat the
 327

'
corner of the Oval, Vir NarimanRoad,Bombay.

LITERATURE
M. H. Spielman, British Sculpture and SculUtors of Today, London,
1901,79; 1.McAllister, Alfred GilbuL London, 1929,163; R.
Dorment, Alfred QIlLffj New Haven and London, 1985,108; Municipal
Corporation of Bombay,memorandumdated 15 August 1965, B352-2,
9

'MunidpolCorpoWlon
ofBombay, datedISAugust1965,
memorendum B352-2,3.
 328

cl 10

ReayMonument,,Morvi
H. R. Hope-Pinker (1849-1927)

Marble Statue

INSCRIPTION
JAMESMACKAY/GOVERNOR
on Qedestal DONALD OFBOMBAY,
1885-90

Thl s heroic marble standing fI gure isIn contemporarydress under a

heavily drapedrobe. The left arm Is resting on a support at the
elbow; the left hand is holding a scroll, The right handof the figure
is held at the waist. The left foot is slightly forward.

Xith LordReay,was Governorof Bombayfrom

DonaldJamesMacKay,
1685-90.

PROVENANCE
Munlclpal Park,Morvi, Indlal

to S.K.Pando,BombeLyforcorfthothat
II amIndebted onItsodglnalslte
the$WU013 In
dated
correspondence 4 December1992.
 329

111

Ripon Monument,,Madras
Frances Derwent Wood,R.A. (1871-1926)

Plate 108

Bronze 5tatue 85" high on a 5tone stone pedestal 47" high

INSCRIPTION
on gedestal THEMOSTNOBLE/GEORGE FREDERICK
SAMUEL/MARQVESS/OF/RIPON,K.G./ 1827-1909

SIGNED
on baseof statue F. DerwentWood,R.A.

i his bronzestanding f igure wears the Order of the Garter under

Viceregal robes. The left arm Is bent at the elbow; the handtouches
the hip, The right arm is bent and raised, the fist clenched. The left
leg is advanced.

PROVENANCE,
Corporationof Madrasgrounds,Madras,Tamil Nadu,India

KNOWN VERSIONS
f or this statue is at Ripon,WestYorkshire
The original verston:
(1912). Anotherreplica was executedfor Calcutta (1915).
 330

LITERATURE
MAUI; Di3coLd 1987,230
Madras,
5, Muthlah,
 331

Cl 12
Ripon Monument, Calcutta, 1915*
Frances Derwent Wood, R.A. (1871-1926)

Plate 107

Bronzestatue 85" high on a stone pedestal 43" high

SIGNED
on base of statue F. Derwent Wood,RA

This bronzestandingfigure is wearingthe Orderof the Garterunder

Viceregalrobes.Theleft arm Is bentat the elbowholdingthe cloak
awayfrom the body; the left handIs at the hip. Theright arm Is
bent; the right handclenchedandslightly raised. The left leg Is
advanced.The beardedfigure looks forward.

GeorgeFrederick SamuelRobinson,I st Marquessof Ripon,K.G.

(1827-1909) was Viceroy of India from 1880-84. The funds for the
statue were raised by the native inhabitants of Calcutta. The
monument was unveiled in 1915.1

PROVENANCE
ThemonumentIs currently on the Victoria Memorialgrounds,
Calcutta,India. Thestatuewas originally erectedonthe Maidan,
126-29.
I DemenJones,
 332

2
Calcutta. It wasmoved
to theVictoriaMemorial
In 1959.1

VERSIONS
KNOWN
The original study for this statue is in Ripon,West Yorkshire (1912).
A second replica was sent to Madras, India (nd).

LITERATURE
W.S. Birney, Calcutta Gulk, Calcutta, 1946,15; Handbookto India.
Pakistan, BurmaandCeylon,London,1949,113; M,Bence-Jones,Ib_t
of India London,1982,128-29
-Viceroys

ftey, Is.
DescdAye Colologueof Bu3t3and Stalmnin the YictoftMemod CekW&, 1978,41.
 333

Cl 13
Roberts Monument,,Calcutta,, 1896*
Harry Bates, A.R.A. (1850-99)

Bronzeequestrianstatue

This colossal bronzeequestrianstatue Is of a figure in tropical

uniform wearing a sun helmet, A sword Is attached to the saddle at
the left with a rolled packbehindthe f Igure. The arms are crossed
at the wrist, The left handholds the reins with riding gloves held In
the right hand, Theheador the figure Is turned slightly to the right,
The left hind leg is extendedforward with the fore-legs being rigid
and pushingslightly back. The headof the mount is looking down and
to the lef t.

Frederick Sleigh Roberts,Field Marshaland I st Earl Robertsof

KandaharandWaterford 0 832-1914) was Commander- In-ChIef In
India from 1885-93. A public subscription was raised in Calcutta In
order to havea portrait In oils executedof '
Roberts. Instead, the
local committee, headedby Sir Patrick Playfair, were overwhelmed
with donationsandthey were placed In the enviable position of
having enoughfunds to erect a bronzeequestrian monument! Bates
received the commission In 1894.1 The statue was unveiled on the

10settle,
219.
11bld.
'Ibld.
 334

MaidanIn March,1898,by Viceroy,LordElgin,4 Theentire cost of

the memorial was L3500 which Includedthe sculptor's fee, the
pedestal andthe transportation costs to India.5

PROVENANCE
ThemonumentIs currently locatedon the Templeof Famegrounds,
Barrackpore,India, Thestatuewas originally erectedon the north
side of RedRoad, "
Calcutta.

EXHIBITED
RA 1894 (181-bust); 1896 (1928); 1698 (1962-reducedModel)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Vari ant f or HorseGuardsParade,London( 1924) and Park Terrace,
aSgow09 16)
(31

LITERATURE
Artist (December1897), 586; W.K. FirmInger, Thacker's-Guideto
aLciM, Calcutta) 1906,58; W.S. BIrney, Calcutta Guide,Calcutta,
,
1946; 14; Handbookto India, Pakistan, BurmaandCeyjM London,
1949,113; P.Davies,Splendoursof the Raj* British Architecture in
India 1660-1947 Harmondsworth,1987,83; B. Read,Victorian
NewHavenandLondon,1982,47; S. Beattie, The NeW
-9-ruloturp
5CU121=, NewHavenandLondon,1983,219-20; IOOCfiles 15/1
.
(41 ); 15/1 (43); 527 (1)

41bid.
IbId,220.
81mey,14.
 33S

Cl 14
Ronaldshay Monument,,Calcutta,, 1923*
John Tweed ( 1869-1933)

Bronze statue 87" high

INSCRIPTION
on new nedestal OF
EARL RONALDSHAY/G.
C.S.I./G,C.1,E./GOVOF
BENGAL/1917-22'

SIGNED
on statue Tweed, 1923 Morrls Art BronzeFoundry,
London

Lord Ronaldshay,Marquessof Zetland, 6,C.51, G.C.I.E.was Governor

of Bengalfrom 1917-22. Tweed was given the commission for the
monument in March, 192V Lendal Tweed remarks that her father
was able to complete the statue for unveiling in Octoberof the same
year due to the fact that Ronaldshay madehimself totally available
to the sculptor for sittings. '

PROVENANCE
The statue Is currently located on the Old Flagstaff Housegrounds,
Barrackpore,India, The 5tatUeWa5originally erected in the Council
Housegardens, Calcutta, 4

II havenotbeenabletolocalatheodginalwording
onthepedestdlnscdpti
on.
'Tweed,181.
31bld.
I 131mey,
37.
 336

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1923 (1395-bust); 1924 (1353-model)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Untraced bronze bust ( 1923)

LITERATURE
W.5, Birney, Calcutta 6 Calcutta, 1946,37; HandbooktO-India.
Pakistan, BurmaandCeylon,London,1949,109; L. Tweed,J-ojm
Tweed Sculptor A Memolr London,1936,181
 337

Cl 15
Sassoon Monument, Bombay, 1869
Thomas Woolner, R.A. (1825-92)

Plates

Mart)le5itatue 136' hign

SIGNED
on statue Woolner, Sculptor, London

This colossal marble standing figure looks upward. The figure is

wearing traditional costume; the face is bearded. Both arms are
bent at the elbow; the hands are cupped and raised. The right leg is
bent at the knee.

David Sassoon(1792-1864) was headof an Israeli family that

moved to Bombayfrom '
Baghdad. He built a synagogue,established
schools, ouilt a reform school for juvenile delinquents and founded
the MechanicsInbtitute for teaching technical educationwithin the
city of Bombay. Sir Bartle Frere, Governorof Bombay, suggested
that a statue executedby his friend, Woolner,be placed in the new
MeCrianICSInstitute in commemorationor 5assoon'sservices to the
City.' The responseto Frere's suggestionwas so great that Frere

I for abackgroundofthI3IntluentlelfaMilY,
3eeI. SAW on, s-Q= London,1968.
'I bid.,43,
 338

ldedto not limit thedonorsto thosepersonsliving In India,'

dec,
Contributions for the monumentcame from the Jewish community in
Persia andChina,the Pothschilds, Montagusand'mocattas'in
Enqland,the mill workers from Lancashireandevena five guinea
4
chequefrom Gladstone.

PROVENANCE
MechanicsInstitute, Bombay,India

EXHIBITED
Soutn KensingtonMuseum(now the
11 Victoria and Albert), London,
1869

VERSIONS
KNOWN
marble t (1865,
bu,,,; Dr, BhauDap Lad Bombay)
Museum,

LITERATURE
A. Woolner,ThomasWoolner.R.A, SculDtor and Poet. His Life in
I etterS, London,1917,839-40; Municipal Corporationof Bombay,
dated 15August 1965,13352-2,35; 1.5,Jackson,It&
Memorandurn
London,1968,43;/S.Dwivedi, "Bombay-A Patchwork
Ouilt, " an exhibition cataloguefor the Asiatic Society,
BoMbay,1991,15

'Ibid.
4
Ibid.
 339

Cl 16
Raja Serfoji Monument,, Thanjavur,, 1806
John Flaxman, R.A. (1855-1826)

Marble StatUe96" hIgh on a black granite platform 216* long x 132"

wide'

This heroic marble standing statue is wearing traditional costume,

Thef Igurehasthe palmsof the handsclaspedas it In prayer, A
sword is at the left side. Thefigure is facing frontally. ThebaseIs
decoratedwith lotus petals and lions.

Raja Serroj 10 777-1834) was the ruler ot Mysore. The Raja

ordered the from
monument Flaxmanthrough an agent, Benjamin
2
Toren, Esq,,27 Harley Street, Londonon 7 May 1803. The contract
Indicated that Flaxmanwas to complete the memorial In two years,'
Flaxmanreceived E1200 for his work."

PROVENANCE
Audience Chamberof the Palace; Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

LITERATURE
flandbookto the MadrasPresidency,1879,204;E.Croft-Murray,"An

'Handbook totheMadruPresidemy,
1879,204.
I Croft-M
wmy,78.
lbld.
Ibid.
 340.

AccountBookof JohnFlaxman,R,A,." WalpoleSociety 28 (1939-40)j

78; D. Irwin, JohnFlaxman,1755-1826- Sculptor, Illustrator,
Designer,London,1979,181
.
 341

Cl 17
Singh Monument,,Lucknow, 1907*
Sir William GoscombeJohn, R.A. (1860-1952)

Plate 112

Marble statue 78" high

Thestandingmarblefigure is wearingmilitary uniform. Theright

arm Is relaxedat the side. Theleft arm Is slightly bent; the left
handholds a sword, The f Igure of an elephant is behindthe left leg
torwara.
wnicnextenas

PROVENANCE
Thestatue is In the basementstorageareaof the StateMuseum)
Lucknow,India.'

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1907(1692)

LITERATURE
GoscombeJohn at the National Museumof Wales,F. Pearson(ed.),
Cardiff, 1979,71,81

ofthasitewhereItWasodghdy erected.
II amunaware
 342

Cl 18
Sunkerseth Monument, Bombay,,1869
Matthew Noble (1817-76)

Plate5 113, 114,115

.

Marble statue 72" high on a marble pedestal 27" high

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal THETRIBUTE
OFTHEINHABITANTS/OF
BOMBAY/TO
THEIRDISTINGUISHEDFELLOW
CITIZEN/THE
HONOURABLE
JUGONNATH
SUNKERSET/1864

SIGNED
on statue M, Sc,
Noble, London,
1869
,

This heroicmarbleseatedfigure is dressedin formal Hinducostume.

Theleft armis restingonthe left legof the figure, Theright armis
bentat the elbow,thehandsupporting the topof a bookheld
vertIcally.

JugonnathSunkerseth(nd) was the first Hindutobe given anon-

official seat in the BombayLegislative Council by Bartle Frere In
1863, Thestatue was fundedby a public subscription.

PROVENANCE
OldTownHall, BoMbay,India
 343

LITERATURE
Municipal Corporationof Bombay,memorandumdated 15 August
1965, B352-2,14; 0. Valladares, "Stones of the Past: Tracing the
f ate of Bombay'smagnifI cent, ol d statues." TaI MagazI= I st
quarterly Issue 0 985), 36-7,39; F. Nissen, "Landmarks. n bxZ vol.
XXXVI1,no. 10 985), 74,76; The Raj: India and the British 1600-
1247 C,A. Bayly (ed.), exhibition catalogue,National Portrait
Gallery, London,1990,397; S. Dwivedi, "Bombay: A Patchwork
Quilt. " Bombayan exhibition cataloguefor the Asiatic Society of
Bombay,1991,14
 344

cl
19
SyendhamMonument,,Bombay..1919
SIr ThomasBrock,, R.A. (1847-1922)

Marble statue 84" nIgn on a marble pedestal39" h1gh

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal BARONSYDENHAM
OFCOMTE/G.
C.S.I., G,C.M.G.,G.C.I.E.,
0,B,E,/GOVERNOROFBOMBAY/OCTOBER
1907 - APRIL 1913/ FELLOW
OFTHEROYALSOCIETY/WHOSE
INTEREST/IN AND
EDUCATION
DUETHEFOUNDATION/OF
SCIENCE/15 THIS INSTITUTE

SIGNED
Sir T. Brock, RA,Sculptor, London,1919

PROVENANCE
MadamCamaRoad,Bombay
Entrance,ScienceInstitute andMuseum,
 345

C120
Tata Monument, Bombay, 1912*
WillIam Robert Colton,, R.A. (1867-1921)

Plate 116

Bronzestatue'72"highwith threeaccompanying
bronzeallegorical
figures

INSCRIPTION
PATRIOT/AND
onpedestal A OREAT PHILANTHROPI
ST/A PIONEER
OHINDIANINDUSTRY

SIGNED
on stat-up-Colton,London

Thisheroicseatedbronzefigure,handsclaspedsupported
byhis
legs, is flankedby two femaleallegorical figures, An angelIs
positioned,ona separatepedestal,abovethe principal f Igure.

JamshedjITata(1839-1904)was a ParseeIndustrialist connected

mainly with the cotton trade In Bombay.Hewas a great
He
philanthropist. endowedthe RatanTata Foundation at the London
School ot EconomIcsand the InstItute ot Sclenceat Bangalore.Tata
built the Taj MahalHotel In Bombayand is the father of the modern
Tata dynasty In India. Thestatue was erected througha public
 346

I
subscription, Coltonwas paidL3000 for his 2
work. Thestatue
was unveiledon II Apri1 1912by LordSydenham, Governorof
'
Bombay.

PROVENANCE
ThegroupIs currently locatedonMadamCamaRoad,Bombay,India.
Thefigure was originally erectedoppositethe MunicipalBuildingsIn
Bombay." TheTata family movedthe memorialto Its' presentsite
In 1991.

LITERATURE
F.R.Harris,J. N.Tatal Chronicleof His Life, London,1925,308-09
-A

300.
'Ibld.
'Ibld, 309,
4
Ibld,306,
 347

C121
Taylor Monument,,Delhi, 1914**
Charles L. Hartwell, R.A. (1873-1951)

Bronzestatue

This bronze standing figure Is wearing contemporary military

uniform, The figure holds an extended Spy glass with his left hand.
The right arm is at the side holding his gloves. A sword hangs from

-thebelt of the figure at the left. Theright leg Is bent,the foot

resting ona raisedstone. Theheadof the f Igurelooksdownand
slightly to the left.

GeneralSir AlexanderTaylor, G.C.B.; R.E.(1826-1912) was a

memberof the BengalEngineers.Hefought with Brigadier General
John Nicholsonat the selge of Delhi during 1857, Hewas President
of the DefenceCommitteeof India from 1876-78, The committee to
raise the monument to Taylor was headedby Sir FrederickMaunsell
and Lord '
Roberts. These two men,along with a few of Taylor's
surviving comradesfrom the Delhi selge andcertain old friends
resolved that a statue shouldbe erected outside the walls or Delhi
in order to acknowledgethe full role that Taylor hadplayed in
securing the city!

I Tqor, 398.
'Ibld.
 348

PROVENANCE
The statue was originally erected outside Mori Gate,Delhi!

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1914 (2003).

LITERATURE
A. C. Taylor, General Sir Alex Taylor, G.C.B, R.E.: His Times. His
Friends and His WorL, 2 vols., vol. 1, London, 1913 (frontis), vol. 2,
308; Handbookto India. Pakistan, Burma and Ceylpil London, 1949,
297

'Ibid. Seeal3oHandbo Inda.Poklatan,

BurmaendCeA 1949,297.
 349

C122
Temple Monument,,Bombay,,1884*
Slr Thomas Brock, (1847-1922)

Plate3 117p 118

Marble statue 90" high

INSCRIPTION
on original pedestal, now lost SIRRICHARDTEMPLE,
BART,G.C.S,I.,
CLE)GOVERNOR OFBOMBAY, 1877-1880/ERECTED
BYPUBLIC
SUBSCRIPTION

SIGNED
on statue T, Brock)RA, Sculptor, London,1884

This heroicmarblestandingfigure is dressedin official robes

holding a scroll in the left hand.

Sir RichardTemple,Bart., G,C.S.I., C.I.E.0 826-1902) served in the

I.C.5, from 1847-80. Hewas Resident in Hyderabadin 1867, Foreign
Secretary, Governmentof India 1868, Financial memberof Council
from 1868-74, Lt.-Governorof Bengalfrom 1874-77 andGovernorof
Bombayfrom 1877-80. Fundsfor the statue were raised through a
public subscription. The statue was originally erected on a marble
pedestal 54* high with three flights of blue stone steps leading to
 350

'
the monument.

PROVENANCE
Thestatue Is currently onthe Dr.BahuDaJILadMuseumgrounds,
Bombay,India. The monumentwas originally erected at the north-
east corner of the '
Oval. It was movedto the museumon 12 August
1965.3

KNOWN VERSIONS
Drawing(Victoria andAlbert Museum,
London)

LITERATURE
dated15August
MunicipalCorporationof Bombay,memorandum
1965, B352-2,4

-I Corporation
municipal datedISAucu3t1965,B3S2-2.4.
ofBombaymemomdum
2Ibid.
31bld.
 351

C123
OueenVictoria Monument,Bombay,1869*
Matthew Noble (1817-76)

Plates 119,120,121,122,123

Marble statue 102" high

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal, now losl VICTORIAR./DEDICATED
BY/HISHIGHNESS
MAHARAJAKHUNDERAO GUICOWAR;/SENAKHAS-KHEYL;SHUNSHER
BAHADOOR, OFTHEMOSTEXALTED
/KNIGHT, ORDER
OFTHESTAROF
INDIA/ 1864'

SIGNED
on statue M.Noble,Sculptor, 1869

Themarblestatuerepresentsthe Queenas a younggirl seatedin her

coronationrobesunderanornateneo-Gothiccanopy,Theleft arm is
relaxedwith the hand,holdingthe orb, resting onthe armof the
throne. Theright arm is relaxedon the arm of the throne;the hand
Is missing. Thefeet of the figure are positionedona tasselled
pillow with piercedbase,Thecrown is lost. Thenoseof the figure
is broken,

Fundsfor the statueof QueenVictoria andthe Gothiccanopywere

providedby Khande Rao Gaekwad of BarodaIn commemoration of the
I Derby,298.
 352

British crown assumingdirect control over India In 1858.1 Sir

GeorgeBirdwood,Secretary of the Victoria Museumand Gardens
Committee as well as the Agricultural andHorticultural Society,
was influential in securing the commission for 3
Noble. The statue
which was originally Intendedto be a companionto Noble's figure of
PrInce A]bert ( 1869, Dr. BhauDajI LadMuseum,Bombay).4 It Was,
however, decidedto erect the f1gureof QueenVictoria at a more
conspicuouslocation at the corner of MGandMayoRoadsdisplacing
the statue of Wellesley 0 814, Bacon).5 The cost of the statue was
E 15,500 which includedthe ornate 504" Gothic canopy." The exact
fee that Noblereceived for the statue is unclear. The monumentwas
unveiled by Viceroy and Governor-General Lord Northbrookon 29
April 1872."

The fI gure was fI rst vandalIzed In October 1876 when the Chaphekar
brothers pouredtar over it "out of revengebecausethe Government
had refused [their] recruitment into the Army".' This defilement
causedmuchembarrassment to the British officials in the city, "
The monumentwas coveredanda twenty-f our hour guardwas placed
around it until the statue could be "
cleaned, All attempts by local

2Donoriss!Cnitiedbythapedestalinsed
ption. Seaalso Darby,298.
I Ibid.
4 Valladares.,33.
'Ibid.
5Derby,298.
'T130April1872,3.SeeelsoArcher,1986,99.
I Valladam,32. See6oJ he,5.
I Valladares,
32.
"Ibid.
 353

Iexperts' to removethe tar were unsuccessful." This caused

considerabledifficulty with the governmentfinally sendingout
experts from Britain who were also unsuccessful,12 In the end,a
professor, TribhowandasKaliandosGajjar from Surat, formulated a
chemical compoundwhich removedthe tar from the monument."
The statue was polishedandunveiled for a secondtime on 7
November1898.14In 1901, the newly created Municipal Act, made
the municipal authorities responsible for keepingthe statues
located In the city in prime condition." Oneof the unusual
consequencesof this act was that employeesof the PWDregularly
removedthe crown or the statue andshampooedthe head-
presumablyto removeall bird droppings." The statue was again
mutilated in the 1950's andagain in August, 1965.11It was at this
time that the memorial was removedto the Dr. 6hauDaji Lad
Museumf or protect Ion."' The statue was separatedrrom Its canopy
which was sold to Mr. Vlojaypat Singhaniafor his private gardenon
WardenRoad,Bombay. "

PROVENANCE
The statue is currently situated on the Dr. BhauDajI LadMuseum
grounds,Bombay,India, The monument was originally erected at
"I bid.
"Ibid.
"Ibid.
"Ibid.
"Ibid.
"Ibid.
17Jha, S.
"MunicipalCorporation
of Bombay, datedISAugust1965,B352-2,8.
memorandum
11Jha,S.
 354

"
the junction of MGandMayoRoad,Bombay.

VERSIONS
KNOWN
marble bust (nd, Dr. BhauDaji LadMuseum,Bombay),marble bust
(1856,1000, plaster model(nd, ElswIck HalD; marble bust (1856,
Manchester);marble bust (1857, Ford Ellesmere);variant of statues
for Manchester(1854) andPeel Park, Salford (1857)

LITERATURE
Art Journal February1867,40; BombayGazette 27 March 1869,1;
The BulWer 17July 1869,566-67; Art Journal April 1870,126; Jbk
Builder 6 April 1872,269; Times of India 30 April 1872,3; Pioneer
Mail and-IndiaNews 13 May 1897,24; 12 August 1898,15; W.
Foster, A Descriptive Catalogueof the Paintings, Statues, etc. In the
India Off Ice, London,1924,84; 0. Valladares, "Shadowsof the Past.
.
Tracing the fate of Bombay'smagnificent, old statues, " Ial
Magazine I st quarterly issue (1985), 31-4; M.Archer, The India
Office Collection of Paintings andSculQtuM London,1986,99; E.
Darby, Statues or QueenVictoria and Prince Albert, Study-jn
CommemorativeandPortrait Statuacy, 1837-1924. Ph.D. thesis,
Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London,1986,298-300; S.
Jha, "Victims of Anglophobla," The Afternoon DisoatchandCourier
24 September1991,5-6; Municipal Corporationof Bombay
memorandum,dated 15 August 1965,6352-2,8

11Valladares,
33.
 355

C124
QueenVictoria Monument, Calcutta, 1877
Marshall Wood(nd)

Plates 124,125,126

Marble statue 72" high on a marble pedestal 38" high with a bronze
relief panel measuring 16nx 16"

SIGNED
on Qedestal WoodSculptor

This standingmarblefigure representsthe Queenas a youngwoman

wearing the costumeof a Roman goddess. Theleft arm is relaxedat
the side holdinga crownof oakleavesandacorns.Theright arm Is
raised In front of the chestholding a sceptre. Thefigure Is wearing
sandals, the left foot advancedto the side. Thepedestalrepresents
the DelhiDurbarof I January1877.1

The statue was fundedthrough the private patronageof Mahatab

ChundBahadirMaharajaDhiraj of Burdwan.2Af tab ChandMahatab
Bahadur,MaharajaDhiraj of Burdwan,provided funds for the
Thestatuewasexecuted
decorations!
pedestal I Wood
byMarshal and
was unveiled I January 1878 by the Viceroy, BaronLytton.4

Darby,307.
2Catalogue ofSculpturn,
etc. Hai
AtorlaMemorial
De3tinedforthe now
and being
bit
exhi edintheIn M
then u3
ejuZ 1.
'Ibid.
4TimnAhftS Januwy 1670,2.
 356

PROVENANCE
Indian Museum,ChowringheeRoad,Calcutta, West Bengal, India

EXHIBITED
I ndi an Mu5eum, Calcutta (1908)-

VERSIONS
KNOWN
This statue is a replica for those executedfor MelbourneandOttawa
(18745 This statue by Marshall Woodbears a distinct resemblance
to a statue of the Queenby John Gibson (1849, RoyalCollection,
Osborne). '

LITERATURE
Jimes or India 5 January 1878,2; 7 January 1878,5; Art Journal
(May 1878) 93; Catalogueor Sculptures, etc, Destinedfor the
Victoria Memorial-Hallandnow being exhibited in the Indian
LjUaM, Calcutta, 1908,1; Handbookto India. Pakistan, Burmaand
Ceylon London,1949,111; E.Darby,Statues of QueenVictoria and
Prince Albert. A Study in Commemorativeand Portrait StatuaLy,
1837-192A Ph.D.thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art, University of
London,1986,307

I Darby,307.
N43htothankokYWngtonfordra-win
gthist0myaltentlon.
 357

C125
OueenVictoria Monument,Madras,1887
Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm, R.A. (1834-90)

plate 127

Bronzestatue 72" highona stonepedestal83nhighpositionedunder

a zinc canopy

INSCRIPTION
on ppopqtal front VICTORIAOUEEN
EMPRESS
OFINDIA/THISSTATUE
15ERECTED IN TOKEN OFHISLOYALTY,
RESPECT
AND/ADMIRATION
OF
HERMAJESTY'S
MANYVIRTUES/OF
HERFAITHFUL
SUBJECT/RAJAH
GODAY OWPUTEL
NARAYANAN RAOOFSREEGODAY
FAMILY/NIZA(jAPATAM/UNVEI
LEDBYTHEHONOURABLE/THE
LORD
GOVERNOR
CONNEMARA/ OFFT ST GEORGE,
JUNE20TH, 1887/ IN
COMMEMORATION OFHERMAJESTY'S
JUBILEEon south side of
BYTHEHONOURABLE/THE
pedestal UNVEILED LORD
60VERNOR
CONNEMARA/ OFFT ST GEORGE,
JUNE20TH, 1887 on Past
51ALoLude5tal IN COMMEMORATION
OFHERMAJESTY'S
JUBILEE

The seated bronzestatue Is of the QueenIn her coronatlon robes and

crown, Sheholds the sceptre In her rl ght hand,the orb In her Ief t.

The statue was erected In commemorationof the Queen'sGolden

Jubliee In 1887. It was fundedby RajahGodayNarayanan Gujputel
Rao,Arrangements for the memorialwere handledby the Dukeor
 358

BuckinghamandChandos,former Governorof Madras,in London. '

Boehmexecutedthe Madrasmonumentas a variant of his statue of
the Queenfor WIndsor ( 1869) rep]acing the Queen'sf avourlte dog,
Sharp,with additional drapery at the base,2 Boehmwrote to the
Dukein January 1887 explaining that he was working day andnight
In order to get the modelready for JamesMoore,the caster, to have
the allotted two monthsnecessaryfor the Intricate casting.' The
statue was cast on 24 March,packedandshippedto Madrasthree
weeks later." Boehmwas paid $4700 for his work.3 The monument
was placedundera zinc canopysupportedby cast iron brackets and
columns, It was unveiledby the Rt, Honourablethe Lord Connemara,
Governorof Ft. St. Georgeon 20 June 1887.

PROVENANCE
the Southentrance to the SenateHouse,
Park, OPPOSIte
ChapeaUk
Madras,Tamil Nadu,India

VERSIONS
KNOWN
marble bust (NPG,858); variant of statue for Windsor(1869)

LITERATURE
Times of India 24 June 1887,5-6; 14 June 1887,22; 21 June 1887,
6,22; PlOneerMall and Indla NeWs26 June 1887,743; 3 July 1887,
'Timesoflnda(OyedandSWMMdl4 June1887,24.SeealsoStocker, 345. Stocker
pointsout the
that corre3pondeme between Boehm end theDuke Is In
housed theGren%41le
Papers,StoweColection,theHuntin9tonLibr&y,Hutlington,Califomda.
I Stocker,67.
'Ibid.
Ibld.
SumMand
TimesofIndlWyerland 14June1687,24.
 359

19; 14 August 1887,213; 15 February 1888,216; J. J. Cotton, Lial

of Statues. MonumentsandBusts Erected in MadrasIn Honourof
DistingulshedServantsof the State Madras,1989,1;
Higginbotham'sGuideto the Ctty of Madras,Madras, 1903,75;
Handbool(to India, Pakistan, BurmaandCeylon,London,1949,607; J.
Morris, Stonesof Empire: Bulldings of the Raj, Oxford, 1986,3; E.
Darby,Statues of QueenVictoria and Prince Albert. A StudyJIL
CommemorativeandPortrait Statuacy. 1837-1924, Ph.D.thesis,
Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London,1986,350-51; M.
Stocker, Royalist andRealist- The Life andWorkof SIrJoseQhEdgar
Boehm NewYork andLondon,1988,87,345
 360

C126
QueenVictoria Monument,Amritsar,,1887*
Carlo Nicoll (b. 1850)

Marble statue

INSCRIPTION
BYTHEMUNI
onpedestal ERECTED ClPALITY/IN COMMEMORATION
OF
OFHERMAJESTY/QUEEN
THE/JUBILEE VICTORIA/EMPRESS
OFINDIA'

This marblestandingfigure depictsthe Oueenwearingcoronation

1.2
robe5holdingthe sceptreanda 5crol

The statue was fundedby the municipality In commemorationof the

oueen's GoldenJubilee.3 The monumentarrived In Amritsar from
Carrara,Italy in February,1888.4 It was unveiledby the Lt.-
Governorof the Punjab,Sir D.Fitzpatrick in March,1888.5

PROVENANCE
Thestatue Is currently in the collection of the Government
Museum,
Patiala, India.5 Themonumentwas originally erected at Kaiser

286.
Derby,
Ibid.
'Ibid.
I Ibid.
andlnd&New3
PloneerMall 7MomhI 666j313.
etopemonelychacktMemonumari duatotmyel
Darbyj26S.Im unabl m3Intha
resWU
Purqabusa, 1991-92.
during
 361

Bagh,Amritsar,'

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Variant of BrightonstatueMY'

LITERATURE
PioneerMall and India News7 March 1888,313; 20 MarCh1889,374;
V. N. Daha,Amritsar Past and Prese L Amritsar, 1967,52-3; E.
Darby,Statues of QueenVictoria an Prince Albert: A Study in
Commemorativeand Portrait Statua :y. 1837-1924 Ph.D. thesis,
Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London,1986,286

'PloneefMalandMAW" 7March
1888,313.
1Derby,
20S.
 362

C127
OueenVictoria Monument, Singapore,, 1888*
Edward E. Geriowskl

Marble statue 72" high on a marble base 34" high with marble'

reliefs

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal THISSTATUEOF/QUEEN
VICTORIA/WAS
PRESENTED
BY
THE/CHINESE COMMUNITY
OFSINGAPORE/IN
THEYEAROF/HER
BEPLACED
JUBILEE/TO
MAJESTY'S IN THE/GOVERNMENT
HOUSE,
AS A
THELOYALAFFECTION
MEMORIAL/OF OF/HERMAJESTY'S
CHINESE
OFTHEIRGRATITUDE
SUBJECTS/AND FORTHE/BENEFIT
OFHERRULE2

Thestandingmarblefigure Is dressedIn coronationrobesholding

the orb and sceptre, 3

The monumentarrived in Singaporein 1889 andwas unveiled on

February 26, of the same year, by Sir Cecil Clementi Smith. 4

PROVENANCE
The statue is currently in the collection of the National Museum,
Singapore. The statue was originally erected in GovernmentHouse,

II amIndebtedto the 31811

ofthe JeLpene38WemetionalCo-opemUyeDeYelopmeO
Agency
(JICA),Singapore,for tNsWwWlon Incorrespondence%Aththe
authordated28JWY1991.
2Ibid.
3Ibid.
'Darby, 387. SeealsoStraltaTirneWebruaty1889,1.
 363

Singapore. It was transferred to the Victoria Theatre in 1970 where

It remaineduntil 3 July 1979when It was movedto the Museum.

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Variant of Patiala (1903)

LITERATURE
Straits Times 5 February 1889,1; 26 February 1889,1; 5 March
1889,2; PioneerMail and India News7 January 1898,23; E.Darby,
Statues of QueenVictoria and Prince Albert: A Study-in
CommemorativeandPortrait Statuacy. 1837-1924 Ph.D. thesis,
Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London,1986,387

'Ibld.
 364

C128
OueenVictoria Memorial, Udaipur,, 1889*
Charles Bell BIrch, A.R.A. (1832-93)

Marble statue 108' high on a 120" stone pe es a

51GNED
C.B. Birch, ARA,London

Thestandingmarblestatue representsVictoria as a middle-aged

woman. She holdsthe orb in her left hand,
the sceptrein her right.
Lotuses, roses, thistles and shamrocks decorate the frieze of the
cornice. The base is decorated with oak and laurel leaves
Interlocking with branches of olive. 3 The memorial was funded
through the personal generosity of H. R. H. MaharanaFutteh Singh,
K.U. 51, of Udaipur In commemoration of the Queen's GoldenJubilee
4
1n 1887, The statue was unvel I ed by Pri nce Al bert Vi ctor on 19
February 1890.3

PROVENANCE
Darbystates that the monumentIs in storagebut doesnot Indicate
the location." Thestatuewas originally erectedin the Victoria Hall
LondonNew 28December
Mustreled 1889,827.
Derby,402.
3Desedolon LondonNew 26December
glyenInMustroted 1869,027.
1PloneerMal andlnd&Nnm26February1890,287.
'Ibid.
"Derby,402.
 365

gardens,Udalpur,Rajasthan,India.

VERSIONS
KNOWN
bronzeversi onsf or AdelaIde( 1894); London( 1896,BIacktriars
Bridge); St. Peter Port 0 900); Newcast Ie-under-Lyme (1,903);
Scarborough(nd); DerbyMY

LITERATURE
Illustrated LondonNews28 December1889,827; PioneerMail and
India News26 February 1890,287; 13 November1890,619; J.
Morris, Stonesof Empire, The Buildings of the Ra Oxford, 1983,3;
E. Darby,Statues of QueenVictoria and Prince Albert. A Study-JEJ
CommemorativeandPortrait Statuacy, 1837-1924 Ph.D. thesis,
Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London,1986,402

'Ibid.
 366

C129
QueenVictoria Monument, Yangon,,1895**
Frederick J. Williamson (1833-1920)

MarbleStatue84" highona marblepedestal72" high

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal ET
REGINA
VICTORIA IMPERATRIX, TO
1895/PRESENTED
BYMR,C.BALTHAZAR
OFRANGOON
THETOWN

is wearingtheOrderof the
ThisstandingMarblef Igureof theQueen
Garter.

throughfundsprovidedby Mr,
Thestatue was commissioned
CarriapetBalthazer
andMr.Samuel '
Balthazar. Thepatrons
arrangedfor a Major Temple to make the arrangementswith
2
Williamson. Williamson was paid Rs. 23,000 for his '
work. The
statue of QueenVictoria was unveiled on I January 1896 by Chief
Commissioner,Sir Frederick andLadyFryer andMr. Thirkell White.

PROVENANCE
The current existence of the statue is unknown. It was originally
erectedIn FytcheSquare,
Yangon,
Myanma,

1096,2.
I RangoonGuettWenuaty
'Ibld,
'Ibid.
"I bld.
 367

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Variants for Christchurch(1900); Paisley (1901); Hastings (1902);
Wakefield (1905); King Williamstown, S.A. (nd); Londonderry(nd);
Perth (nd)

LITERATURE
Rangoon-Gazette14 December1895,8; 4 January 1896,2; 8
November1897,11; M.H.Spielman,British Sculoture andSculDtors
of Today London,1901,18
 368

C130
Queen Victoria Monument, Rajkot,, 1899
Sir Alfred Gilbert, R.A. (1854-1934)

Marble statue

INSCRIPTION
on bronzeDlaqueTHISSTATUE
WAS BY
SCULPTED THEREUPTED
ALFRED
SCULPTOR GILBERTIN 1899 AT A COSTOF0300. HEHAD
'EROS'AT PICADILLY
ALSOSCULPTED CIRCUSIN LONDOW

This heroic marble seated figure represents the Queenas an elderly

woman dressed In her coronation dress and robe. The throne is

covered by a heavily brocaded cloak. The crown Is bronze. The

figure Is holding a bronze orb topped by a figure of winged Victory in

her left hand which rests on her lap. The bronze sceptre Is in her

right hand which rests on her lap. The feet of the figure sit on a
detailed, tasselled 2
pillOW.

Subscription funds for the monumentwere raised by the Princes and

Chiefs of the Kathlawad State In 1897.3 Gilbert was paid E3300
4
for his work. The monument was unveiled by Lord Curzon on 6

onwassuppilladbyS.K.
g onthaod*W Ned IAIonIsunknow. ThisWormatl
Thawordin
Panda,Bombay,Incorrespondence 1992.
of4 December
2ElonaorM&DnAjnjdl&A 14October 1898,25.
3Derby,303.
4TNsdormallonwkindlysuppledbyS.K.Pande,Bombay, afterconsultingwIththe
Watson
curator, Musum, R*ot, In dated
correspondence 4 1992.
December
 369

November1900.3

PROVENANCE
Rajkot,Gujarat,India'
WatsonMuseum,

VERSIONS
KNOWN
This statue Is a repetition or the oneGilbert produCedror
Winchester(1887) andNewcastle-upon-Tyne0 903)7

LITERATURE
PioneerMalI and India News 14 October 1898,25; 9 November1900,
13; E.Darby,Statues-ofQueenVictoria and Prince Albert. A Study in
CommemorativeandPortrait Statuary. 1837-1924 Ph.D. thesis,
Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London,1986,383

Movember
' PlmeerMlmdlndaNeva 1900,13,
'CordWedbyS.K.Pandeinewaspondence 1992.
ofOecember
71bld.
 370

C131
QueenVictoria Monument,Lahore,1900*
Sir Bertram Mackennal,, R.A. (1863-1931)

Plate 128,129

Bronzestatue 7,')-" high

SIGNED
on-statup, Mackennal,1900

This heroic seatedbronzefigure represents the Oueenas an elderly

woman. The f Igure Is dressedin an elaborately detailed coronation
robe.

Thestatue of OueenVictoria was erectedthrougha public

subscriptionIn commemoration of her Diamond '
Jubilee. Mackennal
received the commissionin October, 1898.2 Hewas paid E1600 for
his work which was completedin 1900.1The statue was originally
erected undera canopydesignedby Sir SamuelSwinton 4
JaCob.

PROVENANCE
The monumentis currently on display in the Central Museum,Lahore,
Pakistan Thestatue was originally erected at CharingCross,
Lahore.

I T110yerland
SummMd 29October1890,45.
2Ibid.
I PM1ojanuaryl1902,11.
4 Derby,346.
 371

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Ballarat, Australia(1900

LITERATURE
Timeq of-India 29 October 1898,415; M.H.Spiellman, British
5rulDturp andSculptors or T-d4, London,11.90
1,135; PioneerMalI
and India News7 February 1902,12; 21 February 1902,13; 3 April
1903,19; 17 April 1903,10; E.Darby,Statues of QueenVictoria and
Prince Albert. A Study in Commemorativeand Portrait Statuary,
1837-1924, Pn.D,thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art, University of
London,289,346

'Ibld.289.
0
 372

C132
OueenVictoria Monument,Calcutta, Igo I*
Slr GeorgeJ. Frampton, R.A. (1860-1928)

Plate 130

Bronzestatue95nhigh

This heroic bronzeseatedstatue of OueenVictoria as an elderly

womanis dressedIn the robesof the Orderof the Star of India, The
lett arm is relaxed,the handresting on her knee holding the orb
which Is toppedby a figure of St, George,Sheholds the sceptre In
her right hand. Therobe is highly brocadedandtasselled. TheLLM
of Englandandthe Tiger of India are cast on the backof the chair,
the sun aboveboth figures representingthe Ideathat the sun never
set on the BritIsh Empire. Bronze figures representing Aft,
Literature andJustice are also on the backof the chair, Two bronze
statuettes representingIndian sepoys are on the f ront of the
pedestal.

The Queen Empress Commemoration Fund met In Calcutta and

resolved to erect a statue in commemorationof the Queen'sDiamond
it-milee on 22 April 189V The local committee had dIttIculties in
raising funds as there had beena severe famine In Bengal.2 The local
subscription fund was Increasedby personal donationsfrom H,H, the
Maharaja of Travancore,H, H. the Begumof Bhopal and the Raja of
FOAnd AndStennin(Oyedand
o(India. SymmNA, 1902417.
2010amh
pM7Janwy 1898,23;Seee13
o Derby,
312.
 373

Mandi:1 In January, 1898, the committee members which included

Sir Francis Maclean,the HonourableMr. Justice Rampini, the Lord
Bishop of Calcutta, E. B. Havefl, Principal of the 63overnmentSchool
of Art and the Honourable Mr, Wallis, heard a report from Mr. Patrick
Playfair on his discussionswith Framptonwhile on leave to Britain, 4
The committee hadpreviously resolved not to have Playfair approach
Harry Bates to submit drawings for the commission as he had
executed a number of statues for Calcutta including the monument
for Lord Lansdowneand Lord Roberts,' The HonourableMr, Justice
Rampini reported to the committee that he had received drawings
for the monumentfrom Edward Oeflowski who had heard of the
impending commission for the Queen'sstatue and desired not the
monetary satisfaction that such a monumentwould bring but rather
desired to further his reputation.6 It was resolved that the
committee would not hold a competition but, rather they would wait
for Frampton'spromisedmodels to arrive,7 Framptonwas given the
commission In the spring of 1898.0 Frampton was paid E3,000 for
his worV The monumentwas unveiled by Lord Curzon on 19 March
1902i'o

312.
Derby,
Frampton
pM7Musty 1898,23. hadbeenrecommended byanunnamed
to PIWWr
eowca. Frw ptan travell c
ad1: Sc d
otlen an dsp tha
ant day vit h dix
Plaelr u331
ont hre0vemlon$
the
of statue which could beexecuted fordiff
vent I @is.Frampton promlsedto send modelsto
I orcon3ldtrailon.
Calcu(ta,
I Ibid.
'Ibid.ApparentlyFlarnpin1wmaper3onalfrIend fromthecomment3
ofGeflowskll contained
InthepreiSCOMP.
71bld,
I PM6May1898,24,
91bid,
11FrIend SummxA
Statesmmn(Oyerland
ofIndiRend March 1902,17.
 374

PROVENANCE
The monumentIs currently located on the walkway leading to the
entrance of the Victoria Memorial, Calcutta, India. The statue was
originally erected on RedRoadnear GovernmentHousewhile the site
at the Victoria Memorialwas being prepared,"

EXHIBITED
GlasgowInternational Exhibition, 1901

KNOWN VERSIONS
The statue was the original model from which Framptonexecuted
variants for Winnipeg(1904), Leeds(1905)pSt. Helen's(1906) and
NewDelhi(1916)

LITERATURE
Pioneer-Mail and India News 7 January 1898,23; 29 January 1898,
11-12; Studio VOI, 14 (July 1898); 209-10; PioneerMail and India
Npw,; 31 January 1902,8; Architect 21 March 1902,200; P-tj 29
March 1902,8; Art Journal 1902,160; Architect II January 1907,
28; H. E. Cotton, Calcutta Old and New,,Calcutta, 1907,393-94; Ite
Build 2 December1921,744; W. K. Firminger, Thacker's Guide to
r-aictttm Calcutta, 1906,57; Handbookto indla, Pakistan. Burmaan(i
CgXLQft,London, 1949,115; DescrIQtIv2 Catalogue of Busts and
Statuary in the Victoria Memorial, Calcutta, 1978,38; B. Read)
Victorian ScultuCj New Havenand London, 1982,369; S. Beattie,
Tnp,New SculntuM New Havenand London, 1983,210-14; E. Darby,
57.
" Finninger,
 375

Statues of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. A Study In

, -
Commemorative and Portrait Statuacy, 1837-1924, PhR thesis,
CourtauldInstitute of Art, Universityof London,1986,310-13; iooc
files Nss EurF111/11,93
 376

C133
Oueen Victoria Monument., Colombo, 1901 *
GeorgeC. Wade( 1853-1933)

Marble statue 120" hIgh

This heroic marble seatedfigure is wearing coronation robes. Both

handsare he]d on the I ap of the fI gure, Thevel I, under the crown,
faIIs to the baseof the throne. The fi gure w ears a neckIace anddrop
earrings. A sash Is placeddiagonally across the chest.

The statue was erected to commemoratethe Queen'sDiamond

Jubilee. ' The figure was Inspected by Edward V11before it was
shipped to 2
ColoMbo. The monument was unveiled by the Honourable
E. im Thurn on 25 June 1902.1

PROVENANCE
The Statue Is currently located In the gardensof the Presidental
Residence,Colombo,Sri Lanka. It was originally erected in Gordon
Gardens,Colombo. 4

Darby,326.
Ibid.SeeehoSouthSNelds
FreePrenendAdyediser 1901,3.
14December
Independent
3Darby,326.SeealsothaTimnofCoAga25June1902,5;CeAon 26June
1902,1-
'Ibid.
 377

VERSIONS
KNOWN
A] I ahabadU 905)

LITERATURE
SouthShields Free Press andAdvertiser 14 December1901,3; M.H.
Spielman,British SculUtureandSculptors of Today,London:Cassell
andCompany,1901,143; The Friend of India andStatesman 12June
1902,1; Times of Ceylon,25 June 1902,5; CeylonIndeDendent26
June 1902,1; E.Darby,Statues of QueenVictoria and Prince Albert-
A Study-in CommemorativeandPortrait Statuary. 1837-1924, Ph.D.
thesis, CourtauldInstitute of Art, University of London,1986,326
 378

C134
QueenVictoria Monument,Delhi, 1902**
Alfred Turner, R.A. (1874-1940)

Bronzestatue 78" high on a stone pedestal 102nhigh'

INSCRIPTION
WILL BE OURSTRENGTH
IN THEIRPROSPERITY IN THEIRCONTENTMENT
OURSECURITYANDIN THEIRGRATITUDE
OURBESTREWARD,MAYTHE
GRANTTO US ANDTO THOSEIN AUTHOR
GODOF ALL POWER ITY UNDER
TO CARRYOUTTHESEWISHESFORTHEGOODOFOUR
US STRENGTH
2
PEOPLE.

Thestandingbronzeportrait statue Is said to haverepresentedthe

oueenIn her coronationrobeswith accompany allegorical figures
representingJustice andPeaceI The Ordnance Department supplied
the metal whichTurnerusedto cast the statue.4 Themonumentwas
unveiledby the Lt. of
-Governor the Punjabon 26 December 1902.1
Thecrownon the headof the Queenandthe f Iguresof Justice and
EuLlt wereremovedby vandalson4 February1905.1
.

'Derby,328,
'Ibid.
IPM22M&mh 1901,25.
Tarby, 328.
1py 2Amy 1903,11.
*Ibid.,17FebruwyI905,30.
 379

PROVENANCE
The statue was originalig erected outside the Town Hall, De1W

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1903 (1858-bronze statuette)

KNOWNVERSIONS
A repetition for Tynemouth (1902)

LITERATURE
Pi oneer MaiI and Indi a News 22 March 190 1,25; 2 January 1903,11;
17 February 1905,30; E. Darby, Statues of QueenVictoria and Prince
Albert. A Study in Commemorative and Portrait Statuarg. 1837-
1924 Ph.D. thesis, Courta.uld Institute of Art, UniversitU of London,
1986,328; J. Darke, The MonumentGuide to England and Wales,
London, 199% 212

PM22March1901,25.
Darby,328.
 380

C135
OueenVictoria Monument, Kanpur,,1903*
Sir Thomas Brock, R.A. (1847-1922)

Plate 131

Bronzestatue 144" high

SIGNED
T. Brock,R.A.,Sc.

This heroicbronzestandingfigure Is wearingcoronationrobes

hoIdi ng the orb, toppedby afi gure of wi ngedVi ctory, and the
sceptre: Originally four allegorical bronze panelswere positioned
on the peaestal. TheyrepresenteaEmoire ELUMM Commerce,ana

TheQueenVictoria MemorialCommittee,Kanpur,was headedby Mr.

McRobert,a local businessman. ' The Kanpurcommittee operated

under the regional committee for the Province of Agra! The Kanpur
committee was so successful In raising funds for the memorial that
they were able to donateRs. 8,100 to the '
central committee. Two
local donorswere the Elgin Nills Company(Rs.2500) and Sir William
Cooper,C.I.E.(Rs,2500).4 The site for the statue In Kanpurwas

I PioneerMal
and 22
IndlaNew 1905,10.
December
'Ibid.
'Ibid.
1904,29.
Ibid.19February
 381

byLalaBahadur
donated whoagreedto demolishthe graveof his
grandfather, LalaJugal Kishore, In orderto makeroomfor the statue
In the best possiblelocation,3 Thefinishedstatue arriVedIn Kanpur
In 1903andwas storedat the KanpurWoolenMills awaiting the
6
completionof the pedestal. Thestatue was off Icially unveiledby
Sir JohnHewettin April, 1907.1

PROVENANCE
The statue Is currently located in the storage compoundadjacent to
the State Museum,Lucknow,India. The statue was originally erected
at the southeast entrance to Queen'sPark, a
Kanpur. In 1970, It was
seenwrapped In tarpaulin in the Police Lines at 9
Kanpur.

VERSIONS
KNOWN
A repi Ica for Lucknow(1904)

LITERATURE
PioneerMail and India News,5 Apri 1 1901,23; 10 May 1901,22; 11
October 1901,18; 31 July 1903,23; 21 August 1903,20; 5 February
1904,13,28; 19 February 1904,29; 12 August 1904,18; AU
Journal 1904,200; PioneerMail and India News22 December1905,
'
10; 12 April 1907,6; 31 May 1907,30; E.Darby,Statues of Queen
victorla and PrInce Albert- A Study In Commemorativeand Portrait

'Ibid., 12APd1907,6-
'Ibld., 31JWY1903p23.
'Ibid., 12APII1907,6-
'Ibld.
TNsWmTgonhubeen3uppledbyZoeYehand, andDr.M.Ngam,Kanpur,
London, in
with
spondence
corre: the dated
author 19June1991.
 382

Statuary., 1837-192A Ph.D. the515, Courtauld In5titute of Art,

University of London,1986, np; Royal CommonwealthSociety, Fisher
f Ile 642
 383

C136
QueenVictoria Monument, Gorakpur,, 1903*
T. Tarran

Plate 132

CopperStatue 87 " high

SIGNED
on statup- Burton Founder,
ThamesDitton

This heroicstandingcopperstatuerepresentsthe Oueenas a

middle-agedto elderly womanwearingher coronationrobe, on the
baseof the statue,the sculptorhascast a coat of armsbetweenthe
figures of two Ilons. The orb andsceptre are lost.

Thestatue was executedby T. Tarran,cast at BurtonFoundryIn

ThamesDitton anddispatchedto India In 1903.1

PROVENANCE
The monumentis currently on the State Museumgrounds,Lucknow,
India, The statue was originally erected In the public gardens,
3
Gorakphur,Uttar Pradesh! It was removedto LucknowIn 1982.

I PloneorMal
andInOgNew18December
1903,4.
21bld.
3WerhwWhMrs.B.Nereln,
Lucknow,
12Apd1992.
 384

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Badaun( 1905)

LITERATURE
Architect 27 December1901,415; PioneerMail and India News 14
February 1902,22; 18 December1903,4; E.Darby,Statues of Queen
Victoria and Prince Albert. A Study In Commemorativeand Portrait
Statua[y. 1837-1924 Ph.D. thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art,
University of London,1986,336; "Heritage Goingto Seed.n Times of
1= 22 June, ny, np
 385

C137
Queen Victorla monument,, Bulandshahr, 1903
F. J. Wlillamson (1833-1920)

Bronzestatue

The central committee of the QueenVictoria Memorial Committee

met in Agra in February1902 to decideon sites for memorials to be
erected in memory of the '
Queen. Fundswere to be raised through
public subscriptions within the North-western provinces of India
wI th a percentageof the f Ina] amountto be turned over to the Queen
Victoria India MemorialFundin Calcutta in order to help with costs
of building the Victoria Memorial! The committee askedWilliamson
to preparedesignsandestimates for a seated statue holding an orb
and sceptre,* The statue was to be placed under a clock tower
designedby Sir SamuelSwinton Jacob. Fundstotalling Rs,78,226
were subscribedfor the costs of both the statue andthe clock
tower,4 The exact fee that Williamson received is unknown.

PROVENANCE
Bulandshahr,Uttar Pradesh,India'

I PloneerMd andIndiaNews14Februsjyl9O2,22.
'ibid. SOO AnAccourioftheMemodels
W30 to-Queen
Victoda IntheNodhWestem
Erected
ProAnceg otInAAare,1905,4.
endIndlaNews
1PloneerMall 30May1902,19.
1903,4.SeeWsoDarby,
41bid.,ISDecember 306.
atopemonelycheckthaconfinWnae)dst
11wasunabi enceofthisstalueIn8Won
dshahr.
 386

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Muttra 0 907) andEtah(1907)

LITERATURE
PioneerMall andIndiaNews14February1902,22;30 May1902,19;
18 December1903,4, E.Darby,Statuesof QueenVictoria andPrince
Alnert. A StUdYin Commemorative andPortrait Statuary. 1837-
1_92A,Ph.D,thesis, CourtauldInstitute of Art, Universityof London,
1986;306
 387

C138
QueenVictoria Monument,Patiala, 1903*
Frances Derwent Wood, R.A. (1871-1926)

Bronzestatue

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal base,now lost VICTORIA,QUEEN
OFENGLAND,
EMPRESS
.
OF INDIA,MOTHER OFHERPEOPLE'

SIONED
on statue-base F. DerwentWood,Sculptor, 1903/A. Pilanti Foundry,
London'

This bronze standing figure is wearing coronation robes.' The

JoSt. 4
original pedestal base,orb andsceptre are

wasunveiledby LordCurzonon 7 November1903,1

Themonument

PROVENANCE
6
The monumentis currently in the old Fort, Patiala, India. The

to per3ondychock
Darby,374.1ww unable tM3monument
a3travelr0trictlow to the
Punjabe*ted dudng1991-92.
2
Ibld.
'Ibld.
'Ibld.
andlndlikNa%m
'PlanaiwMal MoyemberI903,11.SeeehoDoYby,
374.
1Derby,
374.
 388

statue was originally erected in the Baradari Gardenarea of the

Fort, Patiala.'

LITERATURE
PioneerMail andIndiaNews13November1903,11; E.Darby,Statues
of QueenVictoria andPrinceAlbert- A StudyIn Commemorative and
Portrait Statuacy,1837-192APh.D.thesis, CourtauldInstitute of
Art, Universityof London,1986,374

andlndi&New13Nomber 1903,11.
PloneerM&P
 389

C139
OueenVictoria MonumentiLucknow,1904*
Sir Thomas Brock, R.A. (1847-1922)

Plate 133

Bronzestatue 74* high

SIGNED
on baseof statue Brock, Sc, London,1904'

This standing bronzef Igure represents the Queenas a middle-aged

woman. Af Igure of winged Victory is on top of the orb which is held
In the right hand.

The statue was erected by the Munlclpal Board,

PROVENANCE
The statue is currently housedin a compoundadjacent to the State
Museumat Lucknow. It was originally erected on a granite plinth in
the centre of the City.'

LITERATURE
E. H.Hilton, HiltOD'SGuideto Lucknowandthe Residency,
I Derby, thatamemoftseMcewasheldatthebaseofthestatusin
349.Derbyindicates
thatthevo* wascompeted
1901.Theln3cdpUonindCate3 in 1904contmWingthI3
WormalUon.
21bld.
I FMon,70.
 390

Hazratgarij, 1934,70; E. Darby, Statues of QueenVictoria and Prince

Albert. A Study in Commemorative and Portrait Statuary 1837-
11-924PhR thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art, University or London,
1986,349
 391

C140
QueenVictoria Monument,,Agra,, 1905*
Slr Thomas Brock, R.A. 0 847-1922)

Bronzestatue 156" high

INSCRIPTION
on original pedestal,now lost VICTORIA/BY
THEGRACE
OF
GOD/QUEEN OFGREAT BRITAINANDIRELAND/EMPRESSOF
OFTHEFAITH/ASCENDED
INDIA/DEFENDER TOTHETHRONE
20 JUNE
MEDEMPRESS
1837/ PROCLAI OFINDIA/ I STJANUARY1877/1)1ED22
JANUARY1901'

This standing bronze statue depicts the Queenas a middle-aged

woman wearing a heavily draped and brocated coronation robe. The
orb is in her left hand, the sceptre in the right. The statue was
originally erected on a marble pedestal 168" high which housed a
bronze panel representing Empire flanked by f Igures of Justice and
TrUt 2 The statue and Its pedestal originally stood on a platform In
the centre of an ornamental water garden fed by large bronze shells
positioned on the projecting sides or the pedestal.3

was erectedby the QueenVictoria MemorialFund,

Themonument
Darby,281.
andIndiaNew22December
2PloneerMel 1905,10,
3Ibid.
 392

4
AgraProvince. Brockdesignedthe statue,the two accompanying
bronzefigures andthe bronzeshells for the fountain.5 Theywere
6
cast by ThamesDIttonFoundry.Thepedestalandmarble
decorations were executed by Messrs. Paulo Trisornia and Co. or
Carrara, I taly. 7 The entire monument was erected, on site, by Mr. A.
Plwhele, Executive Engineer, Agra Division and his successor Mr. F.
Oertel. " The group was unveiled by the Prince and Princess of Wales
on 18 December 1905.9 Brock was paid E 1500 for his part of the
monument. "

PROVENANCE
Thestatue, minusthe accompanying f iguresandbase, is currently
in the PoliceLines,Muttra, India. It was originally erectedIn
MacDowellPark,Agra."

KNOWN VERSIONS
Replicas at Hove(nd); variations for Brisbane(nd); Carlisle (1902);
Kanpur(1903);

Ibid.
Ibid.
"Ibid.Derbypointsoutthatthe'oYerelldesignofthe pedestal,
Is bronzeenrichments
and
the figuresof"&&and Irthere the somea those usedby Brockon NoGladstonemonument
for Liverpool",26 1.
endIndaNew 22December
PioneerMall 1905,10.
Ibid.
"Ibid.
andIndlenews
PloneerMall 14Februety
1902,22.
Ibid.,22December1905,10.
 393

LITERATURE
PioneerMail andIndiaNews14February1902,22; 13June 1902,8;
18 December1903,4; Art Journal 1904,200;PioneerMail andIndia
News22 December1905,10-11;Timesof India23 December1905,
2; SQhere13January1906,48;E.Darby,Statuesof QueenVictoria
andPrinceAlbert- A StudyIn Commemorative
andPortrait Statuacy.
1837-1924,Ph.D.thesis, CourtauldInstitute of Art, Universityof
London,1986,281
 394-

C141
OueenVictoria Monument,,Bangalore,, 1905
Slr Thomas Brock, R.A. (1847-1922)

Plate 134

Marble statue 132" high on a stone pedestal 156" high

INSCRIPTION
on Dedestal front VICTORIA/QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN AND
AND/EMPRESS
IRELAND/ OF INDIA/1837 TO 1901/ERECTED
BY PUBLIC
1906
SUBSCRIPTION/ on base front UNVEILEDBY/HIS ROYAL
FREDERICK
HIGHNESS/GEORGE ERNEST OFWALESAND
ALBERT/PRINCE
ANDYORK/K.
DUKEOFCORNWALL G, KT, K.P.,G.C.S,I., 6,C.M.G.,K.C.V.O.,
G.C.I.E., I.S.O./ ONTHE5THDAYOFFEBRUARY,
1906

This heroic standing marble statue represents the Queen as a

middle-aged woman wearing her coronation robes and crown. She
holds the orb of office In her left hand. The sceptre is held in her
I ef t. The headof the f Igure Is turned to the I eft.

The General Committee or the Bangalore OueenVictoria Memorial

Fundf ir5t met in February, 1902.' The committee was undecidedon
whether to erect a Technical Institute In memory of the Queenor a
statue in her '
memory. The committee decided to hold a public

meetingon the following 4 Mayin order to makea decision so that

25Apti1902,13
andlnd[&Nesm
I PimeerMal
'Ibid.
 395

' It was decidedthat a statue wouldbe erected.

they might proceed.
By October,1902,the committeehadonly raised Rs. 10,000In their
4 Their collection was boostedwhenSir P.N,Krishna
public appeal.
Murti, Dewanof Mysore,donatedRs. 15,000 in order that the
5
committeecouldproceedwith their plansof orderingthe monument.
Sir ThomasBrock,R.A. (1847-1922) executedthe monument. The
cost of the memorial was Rs.25,000 which Included the cost or the
pedestal! The completed monumentarrived in Bangalore in July,
7
1905. The statue was unveiled by the Prince and Princess of Wales
following an address by the DewanSir Krishna Murti on 5 February
1906.8

PROVENANCE
CubbonPark, Bangalore,Karnataka,India

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Worcester (1887); Birmingham (1901); Carlisle (1902); Belfast
( 1903); CapeTown, S.A. ( 1889)

'Ibid.
' Derby,291;PIoneerMailandIndiaNew 24April1903,13
$Ibid.
Derby,292
andIndiaNm7July1905,12
-Pi-oneerMd 9 Februeiy
1906,11-12
PioneerMdandlndi&Nm
 396

LITERATURE
Times of India 22 February 1902,7; PioneerMail and India News 25
April 1902,13; 24 April 1903,13; Times of India 25 April 1903,6;
3 June 1905,6; Pioneer Mail and India News 7 July 1905,12; 9
February 1096,11-2; Times of India 10 February 1906,2; Handbook
to India, Burma and Ceylon, London, 1949,590; E. Darby,
-Pakistan.
Statues of Queen-Victoria and Prince Albert. A Study In
Commemorative and Portrait Statuacy. 1837-1924, Ph.D. thesis,
Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London, 1986,2191-2; P.
Palmer, The Best of India, New York, 1987,151; P. Davies, The

EuroDean,London,1989,531
 397

C142
QueenVictoria Monument, Islamabad, 1905*
J. H. Gardner

Plates 135,136

Marble statue 108" high'

51GNED
bronze Qlagueon bas of 5tatue. Gardner,J. H.,6 QueenStreet,
London

This heroic marble standing statue depicts the Queenas a younglady

assurningthe Crown in 1837 wearing coronation robes, crown and
tasselled robe. The arms extend out from the figure. The handof the
left arm Is brokenoff, the arm of the right handIs brokenat the
elbow, The parts are In a cup at the base or the statue. The orb and
sceptre are lost. The monumentoriginally stood on a marble
pedestal which housedfour bronzepanels representing The Queenin
I goo The Prince Consortandthe QueenThe Amir-of Afghanistan
meetinn the Dukeof Connaijaht
and Lord Dufferin at Rawalnin(i
1,2
Thesepanelsare now lost.

Thememorialwas fundedby public subscriptionby the Empress

II apprecWe5irNicholwBaMngtonand Sue FeMngtonI ormeasuflngthe 3talueforma In
the 3ptingof 1991.
' Gardnor, I
 398

Memorial Fund,Rawalpindi,following the Queen'sdeath In 1901,3

The monumentwas executedby J. H,Gardner(nd), owner of the
StatuaryandGraniteCompany,
RegentHouse,London,

PROVENANCE
The monument is currently situated In the front gardens, British
HIgn Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan The statue was originally
erected at the Intersection of Mall and Murree Road, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan.4 In 1956, following the Suez Crisis, the statue was
removed and placed behind the PWDat Rawalpindi covered with
whitewash and bitumen. " In 1990, the Government of Pakistan gave
the statue to the British High Commissioner, Sir Nicholas
Barrington, British High Commission, Islamabad."

VERSIONS
KNOWN
untracedplaster model( 1902)

LITERATURE
J, Oardner,Whatthe EmpressSaYl London,1902,3-4; Handhookto
a, London,1913,302; E.Darby,Statues of QuenVictoria and
jD_dj.
Prince Albert, A Study in Commemorativeand Portrait Statua[,
837-19a MD. thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art, University or
_I
London,1986,385; Chowkidar,vol. 6, no. 2 (Autumn 1991), 22,33

' Ibld.
lamIndebtedtoSueFarrington
forlocating
th13
Infonnallon.
' INotmati
onsuppliedbySirNicholmBemin gton.
Olbld.
 399

C143
OueenVictoria Monument, Patiala, 1905*
Edward Geflowskl

Marble Statue

INSCRIPTION
In-wre-ath VICTORIAon the olinth ERECTED
BYTHEPEOPLE/OF
THE
MOGATAHOIL/ 1905'

PROVENANCE
The statue is currently in store in the Moti BaghPalaceGarden,
Patiala.2

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Varl ant f or Singapore( 1888)

LITERATURE
E, Darby,Statues of QueenVictoria and Prince Alberto Study-Irl
-A
CommemorativeandPortrait 2atua[y, 1837-1924. Ph.D. thesis,
Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London,1986,375

I Darby,375.Iwo unable
tocheckIN3monument
duetothetmvelre3tddlon3
edorcedin
the PunjabduHng1991-92.
2Ibid.
 400

C144
QueenVictoria Monument,Badaun,1905
T.Tarran

Bronzestatue

PROVENANCE
PublicPark,Badaun'

PioneerMail and India News 14 February 1902,22; 18 December

.
1903,4; Architect 27 December1901,415; E.Darby,Statues of
QueenVictoria and Prince Albert: A Study In Commemorativeand
Portrait Statuacy. 1837-1924 Ph.D. thesis, Courtauld Institute of
Art, University of London,1986,305

II amIndebtedtothestaffoftheBarodaand Westernllallways,
Bombay,forescertainIng
that
thisstatue133MinIs presentlocation
asofApril,1992,Unfortundely,
theydidnotprogdeany
otherInformedonregardingthemonument.
 401

C145
OueenVictoria Monument,,Karachi, 1905*
William HamoThornycrort, R.A. (1850-1925)

Plate 137

Marble statue

Thestandingmarblestatue representsQueenVictoria as a middle-

agedwomanwearingcoronationrobes. Sheholdsthe orb in the left
hand,The right armrelaxesat her Side;the right handholdsthe
sceptre. Thestatue,whenerected,was accompanied by a female
allegorical figure anda bronzeMon.

On 13April 1901,a public meetingwas held in Karachiin order to

decide what type of memorial the city wished to erect In
commemoration of the Queen's reign,' Thornycroft received the
commission in January, 1902.1Thornycroft usedthe firm of J. Moore
to cast the statue andaccompanyingfigures which were completed
in 1905 anddispatchedto Karachi In January, 1906.1 Thornycroft
was paid E6000 for his 4
work, The statue was unveiled on 15 March
1906.3

I 901j9.
I TKOyeH*ndSummM2OAprll
'Derby,340.
'Ibid.
G.
1902,
pMII Januajy
Derby,341.
 402

PROVENANCE
Municipal storage, PWD,Karachi, Pakistan" The monument was

originallU erected on the groundsof Frere Hall, Karachi.

KNOWNVERSIONS
A variant of Thornycrof t's statue of the Queenfor the Rogal
Exchange..Londoh7

LITERATURE
Pioneer Mail and Indi a News 17 January 1901,26; Times of Indi a
(Overland Summarg) 20 April 1901,9; 11 January 1902,6; 1a
November 1905,23; 0. Read,Victoria Sculpture New Haven and
London, 19132,369; E. Darby, Statues of QueenVictoria and Prince
Albert. A Studu in Commemorative and Portrait StatuaU.
-1837-
192 Ph. D. thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London,
1986,340-41; Thorngcroft Archives, Henry Moore Centre for
Sculptural Studies, Leeds, Yorkshire

E. Manning. Marble and Bronze. The Art and Life of Hatno

Thplnycroft, London and Westfield, New Jersey, 1982

e5ueFa* gtonforconfirmin
1apprecial gthisin(ormali
onformewhile3hewasinKamNin
1991.
1986,341.
7E.Darby,
 403

C146
OueenVictoria Monument,Allahabad,1905*
GeorgeWade( 1853-1933)

Plate 138

Marblestatue 120 1/2"

This heroic marble seated figure represents the Queenas an elderly

woman. She is dressedin coronation robes wearing a veil under the
crown which falls in heavyfolds to the base of the throne, The orb
Is held In the left hand;the sceptre IS held In the right. The feet of
the figure rest on a tassled pillow, The figure wears a necklace and
drop earrings; a sash is drapeddiagonally across the chest. The
cross which was once on top of the orb is lost. The noseanda small
portion of the facial area have been damaged. The original limestone
Gothic canopymeasuring900" In height is lost.

Wade was selected as the sculptor through a competition held by the

Queen Victoria Memorial Committee for Allahabad,l Wadewas

awarded E 125 f or his model! He was paid Rs. 17,000 f or his worO
The QueenVictoria Memorial Committee for Allahabad were so
successful in collecting public donations for the monument that they

were also able to set up an endowment of Rs. 20,000 for the care of

SummNA
SteeEnn(Oye4end
I Rendofindleand 12June1902,1.
'Ibid.
"Ibid,
 404

4
was unveiledby Sir J, D,LaToucheon
thememorial. Themonument
24 March1906.1

PROVENANCE
The statue Is currently located on the State Museumgrounds,
Lucknow,India. Thestatue was originally erected In Alfred Park,
Allahabad," The canopywas removedIn 1957," The statue was
transferred to LucknowIn 1981,"

VERSIONS
KNOWN
The orIginal modelwas executedfor Colombo(I go I).

LITERATURE
PioneerMall andIndiaNews18 April 1902,23;BuildingNews23
May1902,735;Friendof IndiaandStatesman,Over]andSummacy
12June 1902,1; PioneerMail andIndianews 13June 1902,8; 5
December1902,6-7; Architect 9 January1903,40;BuildingNews9
January1903,58;20 March1903,406,410; Builder 17October
1903,387;P130 March1906,28-9; E.Darby,Statuesof Queen
Victoria andPrinceAlbert, A S-tudyIn Commemorative andPortrait
Statua[y. 1837-192APh,D,thesis, CourtauldInstitute of Art,
Universityof London,1986,'2-84-85;P.Davies,ThePenguin-Guide to
Indinvol. I I- Islamir, Ralwit, FurooPan,
thp montiments-or London,
1989,202;Anonymous, "HeritageGoingto Seed." Timesof India,22
"Ibid.
OPM30ftch 1906,28-9.
51b1d.
I Wes, 202.
bythettolf
111jowhowipphod oftheStol@Mneum, 1992.
Lucknowln
 405

June ny, nP
 406

C147
Farrukhabad,,
QueenVictoria Monument., 1905
F. J. WI11lamson (1833-1920)

Bronzestatue

A local committee met 1nFebruary 1902 1norder to select an artIst,

a5ite andbegin raisingfundsin orderto erecta statuein memoryof
Queen Victoria.' Thecommission wasgivento Williamsonin 1903.1
Thecompletedstatuewas unveiledby the HonourableH.W.Reynolds,
for the AgraDivision,in September,1905.1
Commissioner

PROVENANCE
The statue is now in the Rajput RegimentalCentre at Fatehgarh.41t
was originally erected on the ParadeGround,Furrukhabad'

KNOWN VERSIONS
Yangon(1895);Paisley(1901);Hastings(1902);BulandShahr(1903);
(1903);Wakefield(1905);Etah(1907);Muttra (1907);
ChrIStChurCh
KingWilliam5town,SA (nd);Londonderry (nd);Perth(nd?

PlonserMal andlndl&NewIffebruaryI902,22.
Ibld.18December 1903,4.
0
Derby,333.SeealsoPlonserM&P andlndl&Ne%A, 1905,31-2.
22September
1amgngefW to S.K.Pande,
Bombay, forconfirmIng Incorrespondence
tWsWormallon
dated4 December 1992.
Derby,331
oncompladfromDerby13
Informell thaslo.
 407

LITERATURE
PioneerMail and India News 14 February 1902,22; 18 December
1903,4; 15 September1905,1; 22 September1905,31-2; E.Darby,
Statues of QueenVictoria and Prince Albert. A Studyjn
CommemorativeandPortrait Statuacy. 1837-1924 Ph.D. thesis,
Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London,1986,333
 408

C148
OueenVictoria Monument.,Juba1pur,,1906*
Herbert Hampton (1862-1928)

Marble statue 90n high

The statue was erected through a public subscription raised by the

Victoria MemorialCommittee. The monumentwas unveiled by Sir
FrederiCk OTTICIating
Lely,ChIeT Officerror trieCommIttee
on2
March 1905.1

PROVENANCE
2
The statue is currently located In the LalbaugMuseumat Indore.

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Nagpur( 1906); Nagpur09 12)

LITERATURE
PioneerMail and India News 10 March 1905,22; E.Darby,aajUkLQt
QtjeenVictoria and Prince Albert. A Study In Commemortiveand
portrait Statua[y, 1837-122A Ph.D. thesis, Courtauld Institute of

PioneerMdandlnch&New IOMomh 1902,22.

between
Corre3pondence theauthorand
S.K.Pande,Bombay,dated 4December1992.
thatW313
Darbyerroneoulylndicale3 oneofap*of3talue3o(GueenVictodabeNndabdck
wallnearthe Mu3eurn
Centre) inNagpur.Thetwowork3
3he13 to
referring the
are two3tatue3
COMM33ioned Hampton
forNagpurfrom 1906
dated and1912, The
re3pectively. original
hu notbeenYerified.
location
 409

Art, Universityof London,1986,339

 410

C149
QueenVictoria Monument, Nagpur, 1906
Herbert Hampton ( 1862-1928)

Plate 139

Marble statue 90" high'

This standingmarblefigure representsthe Queenas a middle-aged

to elderly womanwearingcoronationrobes. Thesceptreis missing;
the nose Is broken.

The monumentwas erected by public subscription raised by the

Victoria MemorialCommittee.2 The statue was unveiled by Sir
Andrew Leith Fraser, K.C.S.I., Lt.-Governorof Bengal,on 29
September 1906.3 The statue was vandalizedon 13 November1908
when the surface was painted with tar, the sceptre smashedand the
nose 4
broken. Thedefacing of the memorial causedan outrage
amonst local residents; the Maharajaof Sirguja offered to provide
funds in order to hire a twenty-f our hour guard to protect the
5tatue.1 A reward of Rs. 500 was posted for Information leading to
the arrest of the vandals.6

I Derby,365.
2PioneerMaP md IndiaNews5October1906,33.
'Ibid.
41bld., 20Noyember 1908,14.
Ibid.,II December1908,28.1Isnotknownwhethertheguardw, Infad, PutIn place.
thalanyonew eyerconvicted
Ibid.There13no evidence f orthevandalism.
 411

PROVENANCE
The statue Is located behind a brick wall near to the Central
Museum,Nagpur.Thestatuewas originally erectedat MaharajBagh
In front of the newlyerectedVictoria TechnicalInstitute.7

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Jabalpur (1905); Nagpur(1912); Lancaster(1907)

LITERATURE
PioneerMail and India News5 October 1906,33; 20 November1908,
.
14; 11 December1908,28; E.Darby,Statues of QueenVictoria and
Prince Albert, A Study-inCommemorativeand Portrait StatuaCy
837-192b PhR thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art, University or
.1
London,1986,365

1906,33.
I Ibid.,SOctober
 412

C150
QueenVictoria Monument, Etah,, 1907
F. J. WfIllamson (1833-1920)

Bronzestatue

The statue was raised througha public subscription totalling Rs.

15,000 which was boostedby the personal donation of Raja Balwant
Singh Rals of Amalgarhof Rs. 16,000 towards the canopy.'
Williamson received the commission In 1903.2 It was unveiled In
September 1907.3

PROVENANCE
Victoria Park, Etah,Uttar Pradesh,Indi a4

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Yangon(1895); Christchurch(1900);Paisley(1901);Hastings
(1903);Wakefield(1905);Muttra (1907);
(1902); Bulandshahr
Londonderry(nd); Perth (nd); King W1111amstown,
S.A. (nd)

LITERATURE
Pioneer-Mailand India News 18 December1903,4; 6 September
1907,14; E.Darby,Statues of QueenVictoria and PrInce Albert, A
Study in Commemorativeand Portrait Statuacy. 1837-1924, PhR
I Darby,332.
21bld. Seee]WloneerMeiandlndlaNe",
I6Dec:emberj9O3,4.
ibid.SeeW3o PloneerMel
andIndi&New3
6September 1907,14.
1amindebtedtoS.K.Pende
forcorik*gthatthestalue
130 onReodgM31eIn
ews3pondence of4 December
1992.
 413

thesis, CourtauldInstitute of Art, Universityof London,1986,332

 414

C151
QueenVictoria Monument,Muttra, 1907*
F. J. W1111amson
(1833-1920)

Bronzestatue 84* high

SIGNED
on base-ofstatue Burton Foundry/Thames
Ditton

This heroic bronzeseatedfigure represents the Queenas a middle-

aged woman. She is wearing regal robes. The left arm is resting on
the left leg holding the orb, The right arm Is resting on the right leg
holding the sceptre. A long veil falls from the crown onto the base
of the statue. The left leg is extendedslightly forward and the left
foot is supportedby a cushIon.

The provincial committee met In February 1902 In order to set the

precedents for raising public funds to erect memorials to Queen
Victoria. ' The chairmanof the local committee QueenVictoria
Memorial CommitteeIn Muttra was Manivi HashmatUllah,
Magistrate.' In May 1902, Williamson was askedto submit designs
and estimates for various memorials, Including those at Etawah,
BulandshahrandFarrukahabad,in addition to Muttra, to be erected.3
PioneerMailandlndi&Ne%A14FebruW1902,22.
2Ibid.,10January1908,8.
1Ibid.,30May1902,19.SeealsoDarby,332.
 415

Thestatue waspositionedundera canopy,executedlocally from the

marblequarriesat MuttraandAgra)4 andunveiledon 6 January
1908.3

PROVENANCE
6
This statue is presently located in the Police Lines, Muttra. It was
originally erected In the city park overlooking the Agra-Muttra Road,
Muttra. 7

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Yangon(1895); Pals]ey (1901); Hastings (1902); Bulandshahr(1903);
Chrl5tchurch ( 1903);Farrukhabad( 1905); Wakefi el d( 1905); Etah
(1907); KingWilliamstown,SA (nd);Londonderry
(nd);PerthMY'

LITERATURE
PioneerMail andIDdlaNews14February1902,22;30 May1902,19;
10January1908,8-9; E.Darby,Statuesof QueenVictoria andprince
Albert. A Studyin Commemorative andPortrait Statuary, 1837-
192-4,Ph.D.thesis,CourtauldInstitute of Art, Universityof London,
1986,332

1900,8.Thecanopyls
4Ibid,I OJenuaq nowlost.
'Ibid.
II emIndebted toMr.S.K.Pande,CNefConveyence andBerodaRska",
Officer,Westem
Bombay, thelocationofthis3telue
forbflnging to myettention.
pM 10Jenuery1908,8.
informadoncompledfrom E.DerbY3 thesis.
 416

C152
QueenVictoria MonumentjAjodhya, 1908*
Sir William HamoThornycroft, R.A. (1850-1925)

Plate 140,141

Marble statue

This heroicseatedmarblefigure representsthe Oueenas a middle-

agedwoman,SheIs seatedona plain thronewearingan intricately
detailedcoronationrobe, Theorb Is In her left handWhichIs resting
on her lap; the right arm Is resting onthe right kneeholdingthe
sceptre. Thef Igurewas originally erectedundera canopywhich is
now lost.

Fundsfor the statue were raised by public subscription under the

authority of the QueenVictoria Memorial Committee for '
Oudh.
Designsfor the commissionwere Invited to be sent to the
1()01.2
committee In August Thornycroft received the commission In
1903.3The statue was carved by GeorgeHardie,Thornycroft's
4
assistant. Thecostof the Including
statue, thecanopywhichwas
designedandexecutedbySir SamuelSwintonJacob,wasRs.49,907.3

24.
PM9August1901)
Ibid.Seeel3oJH13September or 1901,152.
ISO1,369;Architect6Septemb
Stw(li
onotebook, 9aoemb or Henry
Thomyoroftarchives,
11903, MooreCentre
for
Sculpture Leeds,ftshlre.
Studies,LeedsCityAAGallery,
I Derby,347.
IER I OAprP1902,10-11.
 417

The exact amountthat Thornycroft was paid for his work is

unknown. Thememorial was unveiled In AprI 1,1908.11

PROVENANCE
The monumentis on the State Museumgrounds,Lucknow,Uttar
Pradesh,India. Thestatue was originally erected In Ajodhya,Oudh.

KNOWN VERSIONS
A rep]Ica was sent to LucknowIn 1908.

LITERATURE
PioneerMallandIndiaNews9 August1901,24; Architect 6
September1901,152;BulWingNews13September1901,369;
Architer-t27 November1903,344; E.Manning,MarbleandBron7e,
JhPArt andWe of HamoThnrnycroft LondonandWestfield,New
Jersey, 1982,148-212;E,Darby,Statuesof QueenVictoria a0d
PrinceAlbert. A StudyIn Commemorative andPortrait Statuacy,
Ph.D.thesis, CourtauldInstitute of Art, Universityof
_1837-192,
London,1986,283,347;Anonymous, "HeritageGoingto Seed," Time,
q
-t 22 Juneny,np;Thornycroft Archives,HenryMooreCentrefor
-QLjnj(,,,
SculptureStudies,Leeds,Yorkshire;RoyalCommonwealth Society
Library, Battershill photographiccollection

Olbld,
 418

C153
OueenVictoria Monument,,Lucknow.,1908*
Sir William HamoThornycroft, R.A. (1850-1925)

Plate 142

Marble statue 96' high

INSCRIPTION
on orlgtnal pedestal,nowM15. OF/HER
JIQ THISSTATUE MOST
GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE/QUEEN-EM
PRESS ERECTED
VICTORIA/WAS BY
THEMUNICI PALITY ON/BEHALFOFHERLOYALANDDEVOTED/
SUBJECTS
THECITIZENS OFLUCKNOW/INCOMMEMORATIONOFTHE
OFHERGLORIOUS
FIFTIETH/YEAR REIGN
ANDIN/GRATEFUL
ACKNOWLEDGMENTOFTHE/MANY
BENEFITS
WHICHHAVEACCRUED/TO
THEMSINCESHEASSUMEDTHE/ADMINISTRATION D. 18871
OFINDIA/A.

This marbleseatedf Igurerepresentsthe Queenas a middle-aged

woman. She is wearing her coronationrobes;a longveil underher
crown falls to her feet in heavy folds. Sheholds the orb in her left
hand;the sceptreIs in her right, Herfeet are supportedby a
tasselledpillow.

A public subscriptionwas raisedby the MemorialFundCommittee,

OudhBranchunderthe umbrella organization of the Memorial Fundof

I Derby,347.
 419

1901.2
the United Provincesfoundedon 23 February The committee
Invited designsto be submitted for the commission In August 1901.1
Thornycroft won the competition, The cost of the statue and the
4
canopywas Rs.41,502.8.1. The monumentwas unveiled by Sir John
Hewett on 2 April 1908.'

PROVENANCE
Thestatue is currently locatedon the State Museumgrounds,
Lucknow,India. Thestatuewas originally erectedopposite
Kalserbagh,Lucknow." A statue of an Indiannational leaderis
presentlyerectedonthe original pedestal,ThecanopyIs lost.

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Aj odhya,Oudh( 1908)

LITERATURE
PioneprMall andIndlaNews9 August1901,24; BuildingNews13
September1901,369;Architect 6 September1901,152;Pioneer
Mail and-IndlaNPws29 September1905,20; 10 April 1908,10-11;
E, Darby,Statues of QueenVIctOrJA3nd2Lnce Albert. in
-A_Study
CommemorativeandPortrait Statuary, 1837-1924, Ph,D.thesis,
Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London,1986,347;
Anonymous, "Herltage GoIng to Seed,n TIme4sof India 22 June ny, np;
'Ibid.
3SeeFM9August1901,24; DRISSeptember 1901,369; Architect
6 September
1901,
152.
'Ibid. SeS613oDarby,347.There
13noIndication
oftheprecise
amount thatThomycroft
statue.
waspeldforthe
Derby,347.
1amIndebtedtoDr.M.Mown,Kanpur,
forprovIding
thisINormation.
 420

Thomycrof t archives, Henry Moore Sculpture Centre, Leeds,

Yorkshire
 421

C154
QueenVictoria Monument, Nagpur,, 1912*
Herbert Hampton (1862-1928)

Plates 143,144,145

Marble statue 79 1/20 high

SIGNED
on base of statue Hampton,
Sc, London,1912

This standing marble statue represents the Queenas a middle-aged

to elderly woman. The figure is wearing a formal gown under
brocadedrobes. The f Igure wears a vei I under the crown. The left
handholds the orb; the right handis missing. Part of the sceptre is
broken.

PROVENANCE
The statue is located behinda brick wall near the Central Museum,
Nagpur,MadhyaPradesh,India. It was originally erected in front of
the Museum. '

KNOWN VERSIONS
Jabalpur ( 1905);Lancaster( 1907)

betwentheauthorand
Correspondeme 4 December
S.K.Pande,Bombay, 1992.
 422

C155
QueenVictoria Monument,
Delhi,1916*
Sir George J. Frampton, R.A. (1860-1928)

Marblestatue

This heroic seatedf Igure represents the Oueenas a middle aged

womanwearing coronationrobes

Thestatue was executedthroughfundsprovidedby H,H,the

Maharajaof Blkanlr, G,CSI, U. I.E,

PROVENANCE
Thestatue Is nowIn the collection of the NationalMuseum,
new
Delhi, The original site that the work was erected is unknown,

EXHIBITED
A. 1916(1940)
 423

C156
QueenVictoria Monument,Calcutta, 1921
Sir Thomas Brock, R.A. (1847-1922)

Plate 146
Marble statue 97 1/2* high on marble pedestal 43" high

INSCRIPTION
1837-1901
onoedestal VICTORIA/

This heroic standing marble statue represents Queen Victoria as a

young girl at her coronation in 1837.

Lord Curzonproposed,at a meetingof the Asiatic Societyof Bengal

on 26 February 1901 that a statue of Queen Victoria be
,
commissioned for the Interior of the Victoria Hall.
Memorial ' On 25
November1901,the local committeeresolvedto haveLord Curzon
2
select a sculptor to executethe statue. Curzon
subsequentlyasked
Brock to executethe memorialto be modelledafter a bust of the
Queenby Chantreywhich was In the possessionof King GeorgeV.3
Brockagreedto havethe statue completedIn less than three years.4
The completedstatue was shippedto Calcutta In 1921.3Brockwas
JournaloftheQueen IndiaMemarial
Fundno. I (Alvi 190IL 33-4.
meeting,25Noyember
Committee
1MinutesoftheExecutlye 1913,K)OCM3s.EurFI 11,
459d.
Ibid, 26 Mah 1914.ThebustbyChwkeyno doubtaccounts Ifortheyouthfulf eature3
onthecompleted statue.
4
Ibid.
5Derby,1986,314.
 424

paid Rs. 32,400 for his work.6

PROVENANCE
Oueen'3 Hall, Victoria Memorial, Calcutta

VERSIONS
KNOWN
The portrait headIs a copy of a marble bust by Chantrey(1839,
"
RoyalCollection,Windsor).

LITERATURE
Journal of the QueenVictoria India Memorial Fund,no. I (April
1901,33-4; Minutes of the Executive Committee of the Queen
Victoria India MemorialFund,25 November1913, IOOCMss. Eur
Fl 11,459d; Minutes of the Executive Committee or the Queen
Victoria India MemorialFund,26 March 1914, IOOCMss.Eur FI 11,
459d;Reportof the ExecutiveCommitteeof the QueenVictoria India
MemorialFundfor the year endingDecember1913, IOOCMss. Eur
Fl 11)459d; TheBuilder 2 December1921,744; Victoria Memorial.
Calcutta: Illustrated Guideto Exhibitions. 1925, Calcutta, 1925,
.
Item 385; Handbook--to India. Pakistan.Burma--andCeylon,London,
1949,116; Descriptive Catalogueof Busts and In the
--Statuacy
Victoria Memorial Calcutta, 1978,27; E. Darby,Statues of Queen
Prince-Albert.A StudyIn Commemorative and-Portrait
_V_I_ctoria-and
Statuacy, 1837-122A Ph.D. thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art,
Universityof London,1986,314-16

'RepcdoftheExecutlyeCommitteefortho 1913,
December
youending K)OCM3s.Eur
Fl I 1,459d.
'MinutesoftheExecutlye
Committee 26March
meeting, K)OCMss.
1914, EurFI11,459d.
 425

C157
OueenVictoria Monument, Pulau Pinang, 1930
Unknown'

Plate
147

Bronzestatue 84" hIgh

This heroic bronzestanding figure Is dressed in coronation robes

holding the orb andsceptre.

The statue was fundedby a public subscription raised by the Chinese

residents of PulauPinang! The pedestal uponwhich It rests was
donatedby KhooSian Ewe,J.P,l The monumentwas unveiled by Sir
Cecil andLadyClementl In 1930.4During World War 11,the statue
was protected by a Japaneseofficer, Tatsuzo Ish1kawa0 905-85),
Chief or the Military PropagandaBureau,PenangBranch,by having
workers construct a four sided billboard aroundthe monumentto
conceal It. 5 Ishikawa hadthe men paint Japaneseemblemson the
boardsandthe Japaneseflag was f ]own abovethe statue Instead of

'AMquedes to findoutwhoexecutedthememorial hayerwr&edwmwered. it Isknow,

however,thatthe3tatuewas3hipped fromBritain
to theWand.
2,WtodaGreen Perpetuated.
TylauPinangvol.2,no.5(1990L11.
'Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid. 13hlkmvu anOY613t. He vote seyeralbooksaboutWorldWerl. He va3 once
subjectedto ctWnalpunishmentInJapanformtIng anti-wmaterld dudngWoddWarl.
Correspondence betweenthe authorendW. IkuNkoYerrmhita,DirectorGenerel.,Podend
HarbourReseenh Institute,YosakkJapan,23June 1992.
 426

the UnionJack.6 Ishikawa wrote that he had savedthe statue

"becausehe realized that It had far too muchhistorical and artistic
value to be shippedto Japan for recycling into bullets"!

PROVENANCE
Thestatue Is locatedat the junction of Jalan Burma-JalanPangkor,
at onecorner of the Grounds of the ChineseRecreationClub,Pulau
Pinang,Malaysia.

LITERATURE
'Victoria GreenPerpetuated",Pulau PinaM vol. 2, no, 5 (1990), 9-
11.

'Ibid.
'Ibid.
 427

C158
QueenVictoria Monument,Morvi
Unknown

Marble Statue 73" high on marble pedestal 54* high'

This heroic seatedmarble figure represents the Oueenas a midle-

aged woman wearing coronation robes. Two flons decorate the back
of the throne; bass reliefs of elephants decorate the sides,

PROVENANCE
Municipal Gardens,Morvi, Gujarat, Indla2

II amIndebtedtoS.K.Pend onendforphoto
forthisinformati
a,Bombay, in
graphs
correspondencedated4 December
1992.
z1bld.
 428

C159

Walker Monument,Perak, 1912**

Charles L. Hartwell, R.A. (1873-1951)

Bronzestatue

R,5, FrowdWalker,C.M,G,Wasa Lt,- Colonelin the British forces

stationedin Malaysia.

PROVENANCE
Thestatue was originally commissionedfor Perak,Malaysia,
Currentwhereabouts or existenceunknown.

EXHIBITED
statuetteIn silver, 1994)
RA 1912(1781);RA 1913(presentation
 429

C160
Ward Monument, Kandy,, 1867
Theodore Phyrrers (fl 1840-72)

Marble Statue

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal THISSTATUEHASBEENERECTED
BYFUNDSSUBSCRIBED
BY INHABITANTS OFCEYLONTOCOMMEMORATE
THEIRAPPRECIATION
ADMINISTRATION
OFTHEENERGETIC OFTHEAFFAIRSOFTHISCOLONY
BYSIRHENRY WARD,G,C,M.G.,GOVERNOR
GEORGE MAY1855TO
FROM
JUNE1860.'

Sir HenryGeorgeWard( 1797-1860) was Governoror Sri Lanka

[Ceylon]from 1855-60. Hewas appointedGovernorof Madrasin
1860 but died shortly after arriving in the city. The statue was
unveiled on 5 August 1868.1 In 1910, the statue was enclosedwith a
low wall andrailing. '

PROVENANCE
Esplanade,Kandy,Sri Lanka

LITERATURE
J. PendryLewis, Ltst of Inscr]QtiOnsOnTombstonesandMonuments
In Ceylon,of historical or local interest with an obituaU ofsersonts

I LWs,337.
z1bld,330,
'Ibld.
 430

Colombo,1913
uncommemorated
 431

C161
Wellesley Monument, Calcutta, 1809*
John Bacon the Younger ( 1778-1859)

Marble statue 71 "

INSCRIPTION
on pedestal MARQUISWELLESLEY/
GOVERNOR OF
GENERAL
INDIA/FROM 1798TO 1805/ERECTED INHABITANTS
BYTHE/BRITISH
OFBENGAL/ INTESTIMONYOFTHEIRHIGHSENSEOFTHEM SDOM,
ENERGYANDRECT ITUDE/OFHISADMINISTRAT
ION

SIGNED
J. Bacon,Junr., Ft, London,1809

This life size standingmarblef Igureis dressedIn court robesover a

shirt with full sleeves,
stiff collar, vest andkneebreeches.The
figure is wearingthe collar of the Bath. A swordhangsfrom the
waist of the f Igureon the right Side. Theright handIs on the hip, a
scroll is held In the left hand.Theleft foot Is advanced.Theface of
the figure is turnedslightly to the right.

RichardColley,I st MarquessWellesley,Earlof Mornington0 760-

1842)was Governor-General or India trom 1798-1805.Moniesfor
the statuewere raisedby public subscription.TheCalcutta
 432

committee was headedby Colonel '

Kydd. Kyddapproachedthe
Council of the RoyalAcademyto hold a competition, select a
sculptor and oversee the completion of the statue.2 Two sculptors
entered models for the competition: John Bacon the Youngerand
CharlesRossi.' Themodels were exhibited at 15 Portland Place on
Thursday,27 March 1806, where membersof the Council were asked
to IndIcate eIther the " front " or the " back" on a card as to theIr
preference; "front" referred to Bacon'smodel and "back" designated
Rossi's model.4 Baconwas chosenas the sculptor andgavehis
assistants a bonusof eight guineaseachuponwinning the
5
competitlon, Baconwas paid E6000 for his work.6

PROVENANCE
The statue is in the collection of the Victoria Memorial,Calcutta,
India. It wasoriginally erectedat the east entranceto the Marble
Hall, Calcutta. 7

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1808 (977); 1808 (985-marble bust); Indianmuseum,caicutta
(1908) -

I Faftgton, 27Mamh1806,2703.
'Ibid.
I Ibld.,29Mamh1606,2704.
4Ibld.
ibld.,3May1606,2743.
11
'Cox,Johnson,240.
7 ft= 1802,87.
 433

KNOWNVERSIONS
marble bust (NPG,992)

LITERATURE
Handbookto the BengalPresidfflM London,1882,87; Catalogueof
Sculotures. etc. Destinedfor the Victoria Memorial Hall andnow
being exhibited in the IndianMuseumCalcutta, 1908,1; Vjctorfa
Memorial,Calcutta@An Illustrated Guideto Exhibits, 1925, Calcutta,
1925, item 204; A, Cox-Johnson,"A Gentleman'sAgreement.*
RurlingtoD, I10 959), 239-40; Descriptive Cataloaueof Busts and
5tatuacy-in the Victoria Memorial, Calcutta) 1978,11; The Diary of
JosephFarington K Cave(ed), 12 vols, vol, VI I (January 1805-june
1806), NewHavenandLondon,1982-83,2701; 2703-04 2743; 2769
 434

C162
Wellesley Monument, Bombay,1814*
John Bacon the Younger ( 1778-1859)

Plates 148,149t 150

Marblestatue

SIGNED
on statue base J, Bacon,Junr., F R.S,, London,1814

This heroicseatedmarblef Igureis wearingcontemporarydress

underthe drapedrobesof the Governor-General,
Theleft arm rests
on the back of the chair holding a book,held vertically, with his left
hand, The right arm rests on the right arm of the chair, The figure
of an elephantis carved on the front left leg of the chair. The head,
the left index finger, the right hand,the left andright foot are
m1551ng,The 5tatue wa5 originally accompaniedby a marble figure
of a soldlerreceiving a wreath, a female all egorIcal fI gure and a
lion and flonness, Theseare all lost.

RichardColley,I st MarquessWellesley,Earl of Mornington(1760-

1842)was Governor-General of Fort William, Bengalfrom 1798-
1805, Thestatue was erectedby a public subscriptionraisedby the
merchantsof Bombay.
Themonumentwas executedbyJohnBacon
the Younger(1777-1856)andhis partner,SamuelManningthe Elder
 435

(1788-1842).' Baconwas paidE5000for the monument!

PROVENANCE
Thestatue is currently on the Dr.BahuDajI LadMuseumgrounds,
Bombay,India. Themonumentwas orignally erectedat the south-
west cornerof Church Gate, the
outside rampartsof the '
Fort. The
tort walls weredemolishedIn 1874andthe statue was movedto
BombayGreen,nowHornimanCircle, acrossfrom the OldTownHall."
Thestatue was later movedto the groundsof the OldTownHall to
providea suitable site for the marblestatue of Victoria
Oueen
(1869, Noble),' Themonumentwas movedto the museumgroundson
12 Augu5t1965,6

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Wellesley(1809,Victoria Memorial,Calcutta);marblebust (992,
NPG)

LITERATURE
Handhookto the-Bombay Presidency London, 1881 122; A. Cox-
j
John5on, "A Gentlemans Agreement. " Burlingtonp 11 (1959), 242; 0.
Valladares, "Shadows of the Past. Tracing the fate of Bombay's
magnificent, old statues, " Tai Magazint Ist quarterly Issue (1985),
34; PRO,Kew E/BN/24, E/BN/27; Municipal Corporation or Bombay,

ICoxJohnson,242.
l1bld.
I VeMadveso
34.
41bld,
'Ibid.
'MunicipalCorporellon
ofBombay, IS
dated
memorandum l96S,
August B3S2-2,5.
 436

memorandumdated 15 August 1965, B352-2,5

 437

C163
Willingdon Monument,, New Delhi,, 1936*
Sir William Reld Dick, R.A. (1878-1961)

Bronzestatue

This heroic standing bronzefigure Is wearing the robes of the

Viceroy.

TheEarl of Willingdon,G.M.5,1,GALE.,G.C.M.G.,G.B.E. was Governor

of Madrasfrom 1919-24and Governor-General and Viceroy of India
from 1931-36.

PROVENANCE
Thestatue is locatedonthe groundsof the OldDurbarIn Deihl. Its
original locationIn NewDelhi Is unclear.

EXHIBITED
RA 105 (1658-bronze bust); 1936 (1508-model)

VERSIONS
KNOWN
Bronzerepi Ica for Madras(nd); bronzebust ( 1935, untraced); model
( 1936,untraced)
 438

C164
Willingdon Monument, Madras*
Sir William Reid Dick, R.A. (1878-1961)

Bronzestatue 87" high

This heroicbronzestandingfigure is dressedin Viceregalrobes

wearingthe Orderof the Star of India.

The Earl of Willingdon, G.M,5,1,G.M.LE.,G.C.M.G,,G,B.E.was Governorof

Madrasfrom 1919-24 andafterwards Governor-Generaland Viceroy
or India from 1931-36.

PROVENANCE
ThemonumentIs In store AT the Fort St. GeorgeMuseum,
Madras,
India. The figure was originally erected outside the entrance to the
GymkanaClub, the 151and, Madra5.'

VERSIONS
KNOWN
original model(1936, New Delhi); bronzebust (1935, untraced);
model ( 1936, untraced)

LITERATURE
Hindbookof the MadrasPres-Idencyp
London,1949,606

I Handbook
oftheMadruPresidency,
1949,606.
 439

C165
WilsonMonument,Calcutta**
Sir John Steel I( 1804-9 1)

Marble statue

JamesWilson(1805-60)was a pollticlan anda founderof Ihe

Fconomist.BetweenNovember1859andAugust1860,he servedas a
financial memberof the Viceroy'sCouncil,

PROVENANCE
Themonument was originally erectedin the vestibuleof the
DalhousieInstitute, Calcutta,India.'

KNOWN VERSIONS
marblebust(1859,Scottish NationalPortrait Gallery)

LITERATURE
H.E.A. Cotton,CalcuttaOldandNewpCalcutta, 1907,408-410;W.s,
Birney,CalcuttaGuld%Calcutta, 1946,40;D,ThomsonandS.
Lockhart(ed.), Scottish NationalPortrait GalleEyConcise-Cataloaut
Edinburgh,1877,153

,
40.
ohney,
 440

C166
Woodburn Monument,,Lucknow,,1906*
Sir William 6oscombe John, R.A. (1860-1952)

Plate 151

Marble statue 82" high

The marble standing f igure Is dressed In military uniform. The left

arm is relaxed at the side. The right arm is bent at the elbow
holding a hat in the right hand, A sheatedsword Is suspendedfrom
the left side. There Is a small pedestal behindthe left leg. Rolled
documentsare positioned on top of this pedestal. The left leg is
extendedforward.

SIr John Woodburn,KC51 was Lt.-Governorof BengalandOudhfrom

1898-1902.

PROVENANCE
5tate museumgrounds,Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh,India'

EXHIBITED
RA 1906(1617)

LITERATURE
Johnat the NationaLMuseum
Goscombe of F.
Wales, Pearson
(ed.
),
II smuniwe oftheodgInW
Iocell
onInLucknov.
 441

Cardiff, 1979,81;Anonymous,
exhibitioncatalogue, "HeritageGoing
to Seed," Timesof India,22 June,ny, np,
t

442

C167
Woodburn Monument, Calcutta, 1907*
Sir GeorgeJ. Frampton, R.A. (1860-1928)

bronze eque!3trian 5tatue 96" high

INSCRIPTION
onnew-pedestal SIRJOHNWOODBURN

Thef Igureonthis bronzeequestrianstatue Is wearingmilitary

unlrorm. HeIs holdinga helmet in his right hand,the reins In the
Ieft.

Sir John Woodburn,G.C.SA.was Lt.-Governorot Bengaltrom 1898-

1902. The 5tatue wa5 unveiled by the GovernorGeneral,the Earl of
Minto,on22 March1907.1

PROVENANCE
The monumentis located on the Old Flagstaff Housegrounds,
Barrackpore,India, The 5tatUe Wasoriginally erected In the middle
of DalhousieSquare,Calcutta.

EXHIBITED
R.A. 1907(1813-model)

Reneal Yol.I, no.I (July1907),

PastandPre3ent 61-4.
BIMey,39.
 443

LITERATURE
The Empirt 22 March 1907,1; BengalPast and Present vol, 1, no. I
(July 1907), 81-4; W.S. Birney, Calcutta Gulft Calcutta, 1946,39;
Handbookto India, Pakistan, BurmaandCeylon 1949,121
 444

C168
WoolnerMonument,Lahore,1939
Gilbert Ledward, R.A. (d. 1960)

Marble statue 78" high'

This standingmarble figure Is dressed in the robes of the Vice-

Chancellorof the University.

Dr. A. C. Woolner, C.I.E., D.Litt. was Vice-Chancellor of the Punjab

University at Lahore,Pakistan (nd).

PROVENANCE
LahoreUniversity grounds,Lahore,Pakistan

EXHIBITED
RA 1937(1459-marbie bust); 1937(1497-model);19390 181)

II amgrateful
toananonpoU33tudent tookthetimeto enswermy
atLahoreUnlyersitywho
queryandwasabletomeasure
endconfinnthecontinuing a ofthisstatue.
9)dstenc
 445

APPENDIX
A

CharlesCornwallis Bombay
CharlesCornwallis Calcutta
MarquessWellesley Bombay
MarquessWellesley Calcutta

DavidHare Calcutta

CharlesCornwallis Madras

MarquessLansdowne Calcutta
Lord Roberts Calcutta

Cursetji ManeckjI Bombay

Queen
Victoria Udaipur

Lord Dufferin Calcutta

Ashley Eden Calcutta
Albert Edward(P of W) Bombay
 446

LordLawrence Lahore
RobertNapier Calcutta
ThomasNorthbrook Calcutta
QueenVictoria Madras

SorabjeeBengallee Bombay
King EdwardVI I Bangalore
King EdwardVII Delhi
JohnNicholson Delhi
DinshawPetit Bombay
BaronSydenhamof Comte Bombay
RichardTemple Bombay
QueenVictoria Agra
QueenVictoria Bangalore
QueenVictoria Calcutta
QueenVictoria Kanpur
QueenVictoria Lucknow

JamesR.Dalhousie Calcutta

JamesAnderson Madras
StephenBabington Bombay
EdwardHydeEast Calcutta
Mountstuart Elphinstone Bombay
CharlesForbes Bombay
ReginaldHeber Calcutta
JohnMalcolm Bombay
ThomasMunro Madras
 447

CLARKE,George

HerculesHenry Pepper Madras

Jamshedji Tata Bombay

Lord Irwin Delhi

Lord Willingdon Madras
Lord WIIII ngdon New Delhi

FLAXIJAN,John

CharlesCornwallis Ghazipur
WarrenHastings Calcutta
Raja Serfoji Thanjavur

FOLEY.John

CharlesCanning Calcutta
JohnElphinstone Bombay
HenryHardinge Calcutta
JamesOutram Calcutta
Manockjee Petit
Nesserwanjee Bombay

Sir HughBarnes Quetta

Maharajaof Durbhanga Calcutta
JamesGordon Mysore
Maharajaof Mysore Mysore
 448

AndrewLeith Fraser Calcutta

Mary
Queen Calcutta
Mary
Queen Delhi
Victoria
Queen Calcutta
QueenVictoria Delhi
Woodburn
George Calcutta

Queen
Victoria Rawalpindi

Rai Kristo D. P. Bahadur Calcutta

Raja Kali K. Dev Calcutta
QueenVictoria Patiala
QueenVictoria Singapore

OILUERT,Alf[ed

LordReay Bombay
QueenVictoria Rajkot

CharlesHardinge Bombay
CharlesHardinge Patna
QueenVictoria Jabalpur
QueenVictoria Nagpur
QueenVictoria Nagpur

ARIWELL,Chade-S-L

AlexanderTaylor Delhi
 449

R.S.FrowdWalker Perak

LordReay Morvi

JAGGER, S-.
-Charles
KingGeorgeV NewDelhi
CharlesHardinge Delhi
LordReading Delhi

KingGeorgeV (1)of W) Bombay

KingGeorgeV Patna

JOHN, Goscombe

Earl of Minto Calcutta

Sir Digbijal Singh Lucknow
GeorgeWoodburn Lucknow

Dr. A. C.Woolner Lahore

King EdwardVI I Calcutta

King GeorgeV Calcutta
King GeorgeV Delhi
King GeorgeV Madras
QueenVictoria Lahore
 450

Arthur Dhayre Yangon

KingGeorgeV Calcutta

Angel of the Resurrection Kanpur

MarkCubbon Bangalore
Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy Bombay
Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy Bombay
Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy Bombay

ThomasOrmiston Bombay

LavsadaBarrow Lucknow

Victoria
Queen Amritsar

Albert, Prince Consort Bombay

Lord Mayo Ajmer
JamesNeiII Madras
J. Sunkerset Bombay
QueenVictoria Bombay
 451

ColonelBaird Calcutta
L
PHYFFERB,

HenryGeorgeWard Kandy

Frederick W.
POMEROY,

GeorgeN.Curzon Calcutta

EdwinMontague Bombay
EdwinMontague Jamnagar

EdwinMontague Calcutta

JamesR.Dalhousie Calcutta
JamesWilson Calcutta

Queen
Victoria Budaun
Queen
Victoria Gorakpur

IERNOUTH,John

ThomasHenryS, Conway Madras

 452

TH ED, William the Younger

CharlesNorris Bombay
William Peel Calcutta

HarcourtButler Lucknow

Steuart Bayley Calcutta

GeorgeN.Curzon Calcutta
King EdwardVI I Karachi
King GeorgeV Calcutta
Lord Mayo Calcutta
QueenVictoria Aj odya
QueenVictoria Karachi
QueenVictoria Lucknow

QueenVictoria Delhi

RobertClive Calcutta
Lord Ronaldshay Calcutta

KingEdwardVII Bangalore
KingGeorgeV Madras
KingGeorgeVI Akyab
"1

453

Sir RobertHamilton Indore

EyreBurtonPowelI Madras
QueenVictoria Morvi
QueenVictoria PulauPinang

ThomasBlaney Bombay

King EdwardVI I Madras

Muthuswamymlyer Madras
QueenVictoria Allahabad
QueenVictoria Colombo

Lord Auckland Calcutta

EdwardBarnes Colombo
DanielCorrie Madras
StephenLushington Madras

William Bentinck Calcutta

WarrenHastings Calcutta

HarlraamGoenka Calcutta
Francis Light Pulau Pinang

Queen
Victoria Bulandshahr
 454

Victoria
Oueen Etah
Queen
Victoria Farrukhabad
Victoria
Queen Muttura
Victoria
Queen Yangon

King EdwardVI I Patiala

King EdwardVI I Yangon
Lord Kitchener Calcutta
Pherozeshah Mehta Bombay
Lord Ripon Calcutta
Lord Ripon Madras
QueenVictoria Patiala
lat

Marshall
,,_OOD,
Victoria
Queen Calcutta
Thomas
WOOLNER.

Bartle Frere Bombay

CowasjeeJehangir Bombay
Lord Lawrence Calcutta
Stamford Raff les Singapore
Stamford RaffI es Singapore
DavidSassoon Bombay
 455

APPENDIX
B

Indta

Agra Queen
Victoria T. Brock
Ajmer LordMayo M. Noble
Ajodva Queen
Victoria W.Thornycroft
Allahabad Queen
Victoria 0. Wade
Amritsar Queen
Victoria C.Nicoli
Bangalore Mark Cubbon C.Marochettl
Bangalore KingEdwardVII T. Brock
Bangalore Queen
Victoria T. Brock
Bombay Albert, PrinceConsort M. Noble
Bombay StephenBabington F.Chantrey
Bombay SorabjeeBengallee T. Brock
Bombay ThomasBlaney C.B. Villa
Bombay CharlesCornwallis J. Bacon,Jr.
Bombay Albert Edward(P of W) J. E. Boehm
Bombay JohnElphinstone J. Foley
Bombay M. Elphinstone F.Chantrey
Bombay CharlesForbes F.Chantrey
Bombay Bartle Frere T.Woolner
Bombay KingGeorgeV(P of W) L.Jennings
Bombay C.Hardinge H.Hampton
Bombay J. Jeejeebhoy C,Marochetti
Bombay J. Jeejeebhoy C.Marochetti
Bombay J. Jeejeebhoy C.Marochettl
Bombay Cowasjee
Jehangir T.Woolner
Bombay JohnMalcolm F.Chantrey
Bombay CursetjeeManockee J. Bell
Bombay Pherozeshah
Mehta F. D.Wood
 456

Bombay EdwinMontague S. Riccardi

Bombay CharlesNorris W. Theed
Bombay ThomasOrmiston J. Mossman
Bombay DinshawPetit T. Brock
Bombay Petit
Nesserwanjee J. Foley
Bombay LordReay A. Gilbert
Bombay DavidSassoon T. Woolner
Bombay J. Shankerset M. Noble
Bombay B. Sydenham T. Brock
Bombay JamshedjiTata W. R.Colton
Bombay RichardTemple T, Brock
Bombay QueenVictoria N. Noble
Bombay Marquess
Wellesley J. Bacon,Jr.
Bulandshahr Queen
Victoria F.W.Williamson
Calcutta RaiK. D. P. Bahadur E.Geflowski
Calcutta ColonelBaird P. Birnie
Ulcutta R, BanerjI Unknown
Calcutta SteuartBayley W. Thornycroft
Calcutta William Bentinck R.Westmacott
Calcutta CharlesCanning Foley/Brock
Calcutta RobertClive J. Tweed
Calcutta CharlesCornwalI is J. Bacon,Jr.
Calcutta N.Curzon
George F.W. Pomeroy
Calcutta George
Curzon W. Thornycroft
Calcutta JamesDalhousie W, Brodfe
Calcutta JamesDalhousie J. SteelI
Calcutta RajaK. KrishnaDey E.Geflowski
Calcutta LordDufferin J. E.Boehm
Calcutta Maharajaof Durbhanga E.OnslowFord
Calcutta EdwardHydeEast F.Chantrey
Calcutta AshleyEden J. E.Boehm
Calcutta George
Eden H.Weekes;
Calcutta KingEdwardVII B, Mackennal
 457

Calcutta AndrewL, Fraser L,Jennings

Calcutta KingGeorge V B.Mackennal
Calcutta KingGeorge V W.Macmillan
Calcutta KingGeorge V W.Thornycroft
Calcutta HariraamGoenke F.J. Wilcoxson
Calcutta HenryHardinge J. Foley
Calcutta DavidHare E.H.Baily
Calcutta WarrenHastings J. Flaxman
Calcutta WarrenHastings R.Westmacott
Calcutta ReginaldHeber F.Chantrey
Calcutta LordKitchener F.D.Wood
Calcutta Marquess Lansdowne H.Bates
Calcutta JohnMair Lawrence T.Woolner
Calcutta Queen Mary 0. Frampton
Calcutta LordMayo W.Thornycroft
Calcutta Earlof Minto GoscombeJohn
Calcutta EdwinMontague LadyH,Young
Calcutta CharlesNapier J. E.Boehm
Calcutta Thomas Northbrook J. E.Boehm
Calcutta James Outram J. Foley
Calcutta WilliamPeel W.Theed
Calcutta LordRipon F.D.Wood
Calcutta LordRoberts H.Bates
Calcutta LordRonaldshay J. Tweed
Calcutta Queen Victoria T.Brock
Calcutta Queen Victoria 0, Frampton
Calcutta Queen Victoria M,Wood
Calcutta Marquess Wellesley J,Bacon, Jr.
Calcutta JamesWilson J. SteelI
Calcutta GeorgeWoodburn 0. Frampton
Delhi KingEdward VII T. Brock
Delhi KingGeorge V B.Mackennal
Delhi C.Hardinge C.S.Jagger
 458

Delhi Lord Irwin Wm.ReidDick

Delhi JohnNicholson T. Brock
Delhi Queen
Mary 0. Frampton
Delhi Queen
Victoria A. Turner
Delhi Queen
Victoria 0. Frampton
Delhi LordReading C.S.Jagger
Delhi AlexanderTaylor C.L. Hartwell
Etah QueenVictoria F.J. Williamson
Furrukhabad Queen
Victoria F.J. Williamson
Ghazipur CharlesCornwalI Is J. Flaxman
Gorakpur Queen Victoria T. Tarran
Indore Sir R.Hamilton Unknown
Jabalpur QueenVictoria H.Hampton
Kanpur Angelof the Resurrection C.Marochetti
Kanpur Queen
Victoria T. Brock
Lucknow Laysada
Barrow R.Mullins
Lucknow HarcourtButler 0. Thomas
Lucknow Queen
Victoria T, Brock
Lucknow D.Singh W. 0. John
Lucknow Queen
Victoria W. Thornycroft
Lucknow George
Woodburn W. 0. John
Madras JamesAnderson F.Chantrey
Madras H.Conway
Thomas J. Ternouth
Madras CharlesCornwallis T. Banks
Madras DanielCorrie H.Weekes;
Madras KingEdwardVI1 0. WWO
Madras KingGeorge
V B. Mackennal
Madras KingGeorge
V Unknown
Madras Muthuswamym
Iyer 0. Wade
Madras StephenLushington H.Weekes
Madras ThomasMunro F.Chantrey
Madras JamesNeill M. Noble
Madras HerculesPepper 0. Clarke
 459

Madras EyreBurtonPowell Unknown

Madras LordRipon F.D.Wood
Madras QueenVictoria J. E.Boehm
Madras LordWiIIi ngdon Wm.ReidDick
Morvi LordReay H.Hope-Pinker
Morvi QueenVictoria Unknown
Mutture QueenVictoria F.J. Williamson
Mysore JamesGordon E.Onslow Ford
Mysore Maharajaof Mysore E.Onslow Ford
Nagpur QueenVictoria H.Hampton
Nagpur QueenVictoria H.Hampton
NewDelhi KingGeorge V C.S.Jagger
NewDelhi LordWillingdon Wm,ReidDick
Patiala KingEdward VII F.D.Wood
Patiala QueenVictoria E.Geflowski
Patiala QueenVictoria F.D.Wood
Patna KingGeorge V L.Jennings
Patna LordHardinge H.Hampton
Rajkot QueenVictoria A.Gilbert
Thanjavur RajaSerfoji J. Flaxman
Udaipur QueenVictoria C.B.Birch

Perak R,S.FrowdWalker C.L, Hartwell

PulauPinang FrancisLight F.J. Wilcoxson
PulauPinang QueenVictoria Unknown

my2ftm
Akyab VI
KingOeorge Unknown
Yangon ArthurDhayre T.N.MacLean
 460

Yangon KingEdwardVIIF. D.Wood

Yangon Victoria
Queen F.J. Williamson

Islamabad QueenVictoria J. H.Gardner

Karachi KingEdwardVII W. Thornycroft
Karachi QueenVictoria W. Thornycroft
Lahore LordLawrence J. E.Boehm
Lahore QueenVictoria B.Mackennal
Lahore Dr.A.C.Woolner O.Ledward
Quetta Sir HughBarnes E.OnslowFord

Queen
Victoria E.Geflowski
Stamford
Raffles T. Woolner
Raffles
Stamford T. Woolner

Mka

Colombo EdwardBarnes H.Weekes

Colombo Victoria
Queen 0. we
Kandy Henry0.Ward T. Phyffers
 461

APPENDIX
C

Ackworth.H.A. (B) Bombay 0. Wade

Adam,John(WT) St.John's,Calcutta R.Westmacott
Albert (Prince Consort)(S) Bombay M. Noble
Queen Alexandria(B) Calcutta S. March
AllegoricalFigures(AS) Victoria Memorial A. Drury
Anderson,David(WT) HolyTrinity, Bangalore T. Gaffin
Anderson, James(S) MadrasCathedral F.Chantrey
(S)
Angglof the Ressurection Kanpur C.Marochetti
Auckland,Lord(B) Calcutta H.Weekes
Auckland,Lord(S) Calcutta H.Weekes
Babington,Stephen(S) TownHall, Bombay F.Chantrey
Babington,Stephen(WT) St.Thomas,Bombay T. GaffIn
Bahadur,RaiKristo D. P. (S) Calcutta E.Geflowski
Baird,Colonel (S) Calcutta J. B. Philip
Baird, Patrick C.(WT) St. Thomas,Bombay J. Becon,Jr.
Ballingall, O.R. (B) Bombay W. Brodie
BanerjI, R. (S) Calcutta Unknown
Bannerman,John(WT) St, George's,PulauPinang R.Westmacott
Barnes,Edward(S) Sri Lanka
Colombo, H.Weekes
Barnes,Sir Hugh(S) Quetta,Pakistan E.OnslowFord
(S)
Barrow, Laysada Lucknow R. Mullins
Bayley,Steuart(S) Calcutta W. Thornycroft
Bellasis,Joseph(WT) St. Thomas,Bombay E.Gaffin
Bence,Mrs. (GS) Park St. Cemetery,Calcutta R.Westmacott
BengalEngineers(WT) India C.Marochettl
Sorabjee (S)
Bengallee, Bombay T. Brock
Bentinck,William (S) Calcutta R,Westmacott
Bhownaggree, RaiAwabai(B) Bombay E.E.Geflowski
BIIIImore, RobertA. (WT) St. Thomas,Bombay R.Westmacott
 462

Birdwood,Sir George(B) Universityof Bombay A.Gilbert

Blaney,Thomas (S) Bombay C.B.Villa
Blockman, Henry(B) Calcutta E.R.Mullins
Bridge,Lionel (WT) Trinity Church,Bangalore T.GaffIn
Briggs,Edmund H.(WT) ChristChurch,Bombay J. Wills
Broadfoot,George (WT) Madras Cathedral E.Richardson
Bruce,Mrs. (03) Madras CathedralCemetery R.Westmacott
Burr, CharlesBarton(RSar) St.Thomas, Bombay J. E.HinchclIff
Busteed,HenryE.(B) Calcutta L.Jennings
Butler,Harcourt(S) Lucknow 0. Thomas
Butterworth, W.J. (WT) St.Andrew's,Singapore S.Manning
Cama, P. Hormasjee (B) Bombay F.J. Will lamson
Campbell, John(WT) St.Thomas, Bombay C.Peart
Cameron, NevilleS.(WT) Madras Cathedral J. Milligan
Conning,Charles(B) Calcutta J. Foley
Canning,Charles (B) Calcutta M.Noble
Conning,Charles(S) Barrackpore Foley/Brock
Canning,Charles(B) Bombay M.Noble
Canning,Charlotte(B) Calcutta M.Noble
Carnac,John (WT) St.Thomas, Bombay P.MacDowell
Carr,Dr.Thomas (WT) St.Thomas, Bombay M.Noble
Casement, Maj-GenWm(B) Calcutta J. E.Jones
Cautley,Sir Proby (B) Calcutta J. SteelI
Chalon,AnneEyelIne (WT) Madras Cathedral T.Butler
Chamier, AnneA, (WT) Madras Cathedral H.Sibson
Cheese,Michael(WT) St.John's,Calcutta R.Westmacott
Christie,Thomas (WT) St.Thomas, Bombay E. Physick,Jr.
Clive,Robert (S) Calcutta J. Tweed
Close,Barry (WT) St.Mary's,Madras J. Flaxman
Colebrooke,HenryT, (B) Calcutta H.Weekes
Colvin,Alexander (WT) St.John's,Calcutta R.Westmacott
Compton, Mary0. (WT) ChristChurch,Bombay T.GaffIn
Conway. Thomas (S) St.Mary's,Madras J. Ternouth
 463

Cormack,Henry(WT) Christ Church,Bombay J. Bell

Cornwallis,Charles(S) Fort Museum,Madras T. Banks
Cornwallis,Charles(B) St.John's,Calcutta J. Bacon
Cornwallis,Charles(B) Calcutta J. Bacon
Cornwallis,Charles(B) Lucknow
Constantia, J. Bacon
Cornwallis,Charles(B) Bombay J. Bacon,Jr,
Cornwallis,Charles(S) Calcutta J. Bacon,Jr,
Cornwallis,Charles(S) Bombay J. Bacon,Jr.
Cornwallis,Charles(Sar) Ghazipur,India J. Flaxman
Cornwallis,Charles(WT) St. George's,PulauPinang J. Flaxman
Corrie, Daniel (WT) S.L.
St. Peter's, Colombo, H.Weekes
Corrie, Daniel (3) MadrasCathedral H.Weekes;
Cotton,Henry(B) CottonCollege,Assam H.Armstead
Cotton,Henry(B) Calcutta H.Armstead
Cotton,JohnStedman (WT) RanipetChurch,Madras H.Weekes;
Cruttenden,George(WT) St.John's,Calcutta R.Westmacott
Cubbon,Mark (S) Bangalore C,Marochetti
Cubbon,Mark (B) Bangalore T.Woolner
N. (S)
Curzon,George Calcutta F.W. Pomeroy
N. (S)
Curzon,George Barrackpore W. Thornycroft
JamesR. (S)
Dalhousie, Calcutta W. Brodie
JamesR. (S)
Dalhousie, Calcutta J. SteelI
Dayies,JohnM. (WT) Christ Church,Bombay J. S. Farley
Dayies,W. andNattes,W. (WT) St. Mary's, Madras Bacon/Manning
Dealtry, Thomas(WT) MadrasCathedral J, Durham
DeMierre,Ferdinand(WT) MadrasCathedral C.H.Smith
Dent,John(WT) MadrasCathedral H.Weekes
Dev,RajaKali Krishna(S) Calcutta E.Geflowski
Dey,RajaSir Radhakenta(B) Calcutta E.Oeflowski
Dhayre,Arthur (S) Yangon,
Myanma T. N. MacLean
Dick, RobertHenry(WT) MadrasCathedral E.Richardson
Dickinson,ThomasM. (WT) Trinity Church,Bangalore E.GaffIn
Dobree,Augustus(WT) Trinity Church,Bangalore Hartley& Go.
 464

Dufferin,Frederick(S) Calcutta J. E.Boehm

Duncan,Jonathan(WT) St. Thomas,Bombay J. Bacon,Jr.
(S)
Maharajaof Durbhanga Calcutta E.OnslowFord
East,EdwardHyde(S) Calcutta F.Chantrey
Eden,Ashley (S) Calcutta J. E.Boehm
Albert Edward(P of W) (S) Bombay J. E.Boehm
KingEdwardVII (S) Bangalore T. Brock
KingEdwardVII (S) Delhi T. Brock
KingEdwardVII (B) Lahore,Pakistan Unknown
KingEdwardVII (S) Calcutta B. Mackennal
KingEdwardVII (B) Calcutta S. March
KingEdwardVII (S) Karachi,Pakistan W. Thornycroft
KingEdwardVII (S) Yanoon,
Myanma F, D.Wood
KingEdwardVII (S) Madras 0. Wade
KingEdwardVII (S) Patiala,Punjab F. D.Wood
J. (S)
Elphinstone, TownHall, Bombay J. Foley,
Elphinstone,M. (S) TownHall, Bombay F,Chantrey
Elgin,Earl of (WT) St. Paul's,Calcutta J. B. Philip
Ennis,E.M. (WT) St.Thomas,Bombay S./C. Wilkins
Falconer,Hugh(B) Calcutta T. Butler
Fawcett,Henry(B) Bombay H. Hope-Pinker
Ffronch,Andrew(WT) MadrasCathedral R.Sievier
Forbes,Charles(S) TownHall, Bombay F.Chantrey
Forbes,William Nairn (B) Calcutta J. Foley
Forbes,William Nairn (B) Calcutta J. Foley
Forbes,William Nairn (WT) St. Paul's,Calcutta W. Theed
Fox,CharlesJames (B) Calcutta J. Nollekens
Fraser,Andrew(B) Burdwan,WestBengal L. Jennings
Fraser,Andrew(S) Calcutta 0. Frampton
Frore, Bartle (S) TownHall, Bombay T, Woolnor
Frere, Bartle ( B) Bombay T. Woolner
Frere, Lady (B) Bombay M. Noble
FrereFountain Bombay Forsyth/ Scott
 465

Garrard,William (WT) MadrasCathedral Mallcott& Son

Gell,Bishop (B) MadrasCathedral Walker
V (B)
KingGeorge Lahore,Pakistan Unknown
V (B)
KingGeorge PulauPinang,M. Unknown
V(S)
KingGeorge NewDelhi C.S.Jagger
V( S)
KingGeorge Patna L. Jennings
V (3)
KingGeorge Calcutta B. Mackennal
V (S)
KingGeorge Delhi B. Mackennal
V (S)
KingGeorge Madras B. Mackennal
V (S)
KingGeorge Calcutta W. MacMillan
V (S)
KingGeorge Calcutta W. Thornycroft
V (3)
KingGeorge Madras Unknown
KingGeorgeV (as P of W) (S) Bombay L. Jennings
KingGeorgeVI (S) Akyab,Myanma Unknown
08ricke,ChristianW. (WT) St. Mary's, Madras J. Flaxman
ChunderMadhub(B)
Ohose, Calcutta W. 0. John
RashBeharl
Ghose, (B) Calcutta R.A. Peagram
Gibbs,James(B) Bombay R.C.Belt
Gillespie,R. R. (B) Kalunga,Nepal J. Theakston
Goenka, Har1raam(S) Calcutta F.J. WIlcoxson
Gordon,James(S) GordonPark, Mysore E.OnslowFord
AmyLouisa(WT)
Gough, Trinity Church,Bangalore T. Gaffin
Gregory,William (WT) Sri Lanka
Colombo, Unknown
Greenlaw,CharlesB. (B) Calcutta H.Weekes
Haines,Dr. Robert(B) Bombay T. Woolner
Hamilton,Sir Robert(S) Indore Unknown
Hardinge,Charles(S) Bombay H. Hampton
Hardinge,Charles(S) Patna H.Hampton
Hardinge,Charles(S) NewDelhi C.S.Jagger
Hardinge,Henry(S) Calcutta J. Foley
Hardinge,GeorgeN. (WT) St.Thomas,Bombay J. Bacon,Jr.
Hare,David(3) Calcutta E.H.Baily
Harrison,Professor (B) Allahabad T. Woolner
 466

Harvey,J. Craio(B) Hadurai

MaduraiCollege, F.Dobson
Hastings,Warren(S) Calcutta J. Flaxman
Hastings,Warren(S) Calcutta R.Westmacott
Sir Henry
Havelock, (B) Calcutta M. Noble
Heber,Reginald(S) St. Paul's,Calcutta F.Chantrey
Heber,Reginald(WT) St. Peters,Colombo,
S.L. J. Theakston
Heber,Reginald(WT) St. Peters,Colombo,
S.L. H.Weekes
Higginson,CharlesH. (WT) MadrasCathedral C.H.Smith
Hill, Clement (WT) HolyTrinity, Bangalore P. MacDowell
Hobart,VeroHenry (WT) St. Mary's, Madras M. Noble
Hodgson,Brian H. (B) Calcutta T. Thornycroft
Home,Douglas (WT) MadrasCathedral C.H.Smith
R. (B)
Hormarjoe-Wadia, Bombay J.S.Westmacott
Hunter,Sir William (B) Calcutta W.Thornycroft
Irwin, Lord (S) NewDelhi Wm.ReidDick
Iyer, Muthuswamym (S) Madras 0. Wade
J. (B)
Jeejeebhoy, GrantHospital,Bombay C.Marochettl
J, (S)
JeeJeebhoy, TownHall, Bombay C.Marochetti
J. (S)
JeeJeabhoy, Bombay C.Marochetti
J. (S)
JeeJeebhuy, J.J. Hospital,Bombay C.Marochetti
Jehangir,CowasJee (S) Bombay T. Woolner
Jones,Sir William (WT) St. Thomas,Bombay J. Bacon
Jones,Sir William (B) Calcutta H.Weekes
Keble,Oeorge Gilbert (WT) St. Mary's, Madras J. Bacon,Jr.
Keith, Lt. Col.J. (WT) Christ Church,Bombay W. Behnes
Kennedy, William (WT) St.Thomas,Bombay J. Bacon,Jr.
Kirkpatrick, JamesA. (WT) St.John's,Calcutta J. Bacon,Jr.
Kirkpatrick, Katherine(WT) St. Thomas,Bombay J. Bacon,Jr,
Kitchener,Lord(S) Calcutta F. D.Wood
Kyd,Col.Robert(Cardenurn) BotanicalGardens,
Calcutta T. Banks
Laha,MaharajaD.C. (B) Calcutta T. S. Simson
Lalcaca,Dr. (B) Bombay F. DoyleJones
More(WT)
Lane,Thomas MadrasCathedral J. Ternouth
 467

Marquess (S)
Lansdowne. Calcutta H. Bates
Lawrence,Henry (WT) St. Paul's, Calcutta J. Foley
Lawrence,JohnMair(B) Calcutta E.H.Boily
JohnMoir (3)
Lawrence, Lahore,Pakistan J. E.Boehm
Lawrence, JohnMoir (S) Calcutta T. Woolner
Leslie,Richard(WT) St. Mary's, Madras J. Flaxman
Lewis,Robert (WT) St. Thomas,Bombay J. 0. Willis
Light, Francis (S) PulauPinang,M. F.J. WIlcoxson
Ludlow,John (WT) St.John's,Calcutta W. Pistrell
Lushington,Catherine (WT) MadrasCathedral E.Richardson
Lushington.Stephen (S) MadrasCathedral H.Weekes;
Lutyens,Sir Edwin(B) NewDelhi Wm.ReldDick
McCurdy,EdwardA. (WT) St. Mary's, Madras J. Morton
McGillivray, Frederick(WT) St. Thomas,Bombay H.Weekes
McNeill,Malcolm(WT) St. Mary's, Madras E.Richardson
McTaggart,William (WT) MadrasCathedral J. Bedford
Macalister,John(WT) St. Oeorge's,PulauPinang W. Behnes
MacLean,Thomas(WT) MadrasCathedral T. Denman
MacNaughten,William H. (WT) St. Paul's,Calcutta J. 0. Lough
Mack,John(WT) MadrasCathedral 0. Rennie
Maitland,FrederickL. (WT) St. Thomas,Bombay Garland/Fieldwick
Malcolm,Sir John(S) TownHall, Bombay F.Chantrey
ManeckjI,CursetjI (S) Bombay J. Bell
Alexander(WT)
Manson, St.Thomas,Bombay C.P. White
Marshall,Augustus(WT) S.L.
St. Peter's,Colombo, Reevesof Beth
Martin, Claud(B) Lucknow T. Banks
Martin, Claud(B) Lucknow T. Banks
Martin, Claud(B) Calcutta T. Banks
Mary (S)
Queen Calcutta 0. Frampton
Mary (S)
Queen Delhi 0. Frampton
Maughon.Thomas(WT) St. Thomas,Bombay T. GaffIn
Mayo,Lord(S) Nmer M. Noble
Mayo,Lord(S) Calcutta W. Thornycroft
 PAGE

NUMBERS

CUT OFF

IN

ORIGINAL
 474

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