Analytics in Banking PDF
Analytics in Banking PDF
Analytics in Banking
Eric Simonson, Managing Partner
Conquering the Challenges Posed By Data Anupam Jain, Practice Director
This report has been licensed for exclusive use and distribution by Genpact
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Executive Summary
Executive summary..................2 This paper describes the art of the possible in analytics, and within the context
Key drivers..............................3 of how it adds value to the banking industry. The paper focuses on:
Banking industry challenges and opportunities where analytics can play a
Impact of analytics..................5 role
Operationalizing analytics.......8
Range of analytics leveraged in banking and examples of how analytics
creates value for business
Conclusion............................12 Critical challenges and emerging best practices in operationalizing analytics
in banking
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The economic crisis of 2008 changed the face of the banking industry.
Regulatory oversight expanded dramatically, increasing the cost of compliance as
well as the risk of non-compliance. Achieving profitable growth, while ensuring
long-term solvency, became challenging with greater volatility across most asset
classes and traditional products losing money. Managing enterprise risk, as well
as the increasing incidence of fraud, became a strategic priority. Advancements
in technology are significantly improving the speed-to-market, thereby eroding
product differentiation and customer loyalty. Analytics is helping banks become
smarter in managing these challenges (see Exhibit 1).
Profitable growth
and solvency
The aftermath of 2008 financial The financial crisis of 2008 exposed the inter-linkages between credit risk,
crisis market risk, and liquidity. This unleashed a wave of newer and stricter regulations
From January 1, 2008 to such as Basel II/III, Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform, Consumer Protection Act,
April 15, 2011, the FDIC closed Credit Card Accountability, Responsibility, and Disclosure Act, and the Durbin
356 banks that failed to manage Amendment. Central banks are acknowledging the fact that some financial
the risks building up in their institutions may be a systemic risk and are demanding greater say and
residential and commercial transparency in adherence to risk norms. Several state and federal government
mortgage exposures consumer protection laws (such as servicer consent orders and servicer alignment
initiatives, amongst others) have also been passed.
New regulatory demands for managing AML/KYC1 and fraud have also emerged
including FATCA2, FCPA3, FINRA4 rules, BSA5/AML amendments, MiFID6, global
PEP7 lists, and several others. These regulations continue to be refined, changed,
and made more stringent. Consequently, compliance budgets have increased
significantly over the last few years. Yet, most banks feel their compliance
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Declining profitability, rising Acquiring and retaining profitable customers is more challenging than ever in
losses todays hyper-competitive financial services market. Traditional banking
On an average, each
products (such as checking accounts) are losing money as a result of changing
customer preferences. Incidences of fraud and money laundering are also
checking account in the
increasing. The mortgage meltdown over the past decade has also shown that
United States is losing
most financial asset classes can be volatile; hence managing market volatility,
US$196.5 (2012)
credit risks, and liquidity risks becomes imperative for financial institutions.
In the year 2012, fraud
losses on cards in the United Historically, all these risks were managed by individual Lines of Businesses
States reached US$5.33 (LoBs) somewhat separately. However, post the economic crisis of 2008, the
billion, up 14.5% need for integrated risk management at the enterprise level has increased
significantly to understand short-term and long-term profitability and capital
adequacy or chances of a banks future survival. By quickly determining
exposure, portfolio value at risk, and liquidity coverage, a bank can determine
products to take to market, or markets to exit, much faster. It can also fine-tune
responses to changes in interest rates, exchange rates, and counterparty risk to
ensure profitability and long-term solvency.
Effective risk management can also lead to significant business advantage. For
instance, the outputs from credit risk models help banks in risk-based pricing,
exposure and concentration limits setting, Risk Adjusted Return on Capital
(RAROC), managing portfolio-return profile, setting loss reserves, and
economic capital calculation. The stress testing requirements, mandated by the
U.S. Federal Reserve led to design and implementation of such models, and
now these models are being utilized as potential sources of input for designing
features of new and existing products.
external data (interest rates, macroeconomic variables, and customer
By 2020, the worlds computers preferences). The velocity of this data creation is also increasing exponentially.
are expected to hold 35 This is compounded by the variety of non-traditional or digital touch-points that
zettabytes (1021) of data. have emerged ATMs, Internet, IVR systems, social media, and mobile, among
IBM Corp. others. The explosion in volume, velocity, and variety of data is also forcing
banks to leverage advanced analytics to make sense of the huge and complex
information sources, and make near real-time decisions to stay competitive.
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CA 5%
GR
Source: Everest Group
2
20-
Others2 7% 10% Banking
Media &
6%
entertainment 10%
Professional 6% Insurance 200-250
services 7% 7% 8%
Manufacturing Hi-tech & 2013 2020E
Healthcare telecom
1 Analytics Business Process Services (BPS) represents third-party services of the analytics industry and does not
include size of internal analytics initiatives and/or revenue of analytics products from companies such as SAS,
Oracle, SAP, and Microsoft
2 Include public sector, travel & logistics, and energy & utilities
Analytical solutions have grown tremendously over the last decade, in terms of
their sophistication and the resulting business impact they create. There is a
range of analytics that banks are deploying today (see Exhibit 3). While basic
reporting continues to be a must-have for banks, advanced predictive and
prescriptive analytics are now starting to generate powerful insights.
Relative maturity of analytics solutions
EXHIBIT 3 Percentage of third-party offshore analytics FTEs
3. Predictive
analytics
40% 2. Descriptive
30% analytics
Most prevalent
analytics
solutions
1. Reporting
Sophistication of solution
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Significant technological advancements over the last decade have made this
Everest Groups recent enterprise
possible. Traditional data storage and processing technologies could not
cloud survey indicates that
handle unstructured data; handling of large data sets was time consuming and
analytics emerged as a key
prohibitive; response time was too large; and the systems were not flexible and
driver for cloud services in scalable. Several technological advancements have helped overcome these
banking challenges:
The NoSQL movement created alternatives to relational databases that were
unable to handle unstructured data
Hardening of Hadoop framework enabled parallel processing, thus enabling
faster response time and ability to handle larger data volumes at a cheaper
price
Cloud-based utility computing provides virtual shared servers reducing
upfront capital expenditure and increasing accessibility
There are three key areas in banking where analytics has created maximum
impact: 1) Consumer and marketing analytics 2) Risk, fraud, and AML/KYC
analytics, and 3) Product and portfolio optimization modeling. Typical analytics
in each of these areas is summarized in Exhibit 4 on next page.
1 PD Probability of Default
2 LGD Loss Given Default
3 EAD Exposure At Default
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descriptive analytics
(CLV) calculation (historical / reporting
Reporting and
Customer profitability non-parametric) Portfolio dashboards
dashboards Suspicious activity Static analysis of portfolio
Drill-down reporting by reporting and customer to estimate capital
customer risk scoring requirements
Campaign analytics Account validation against Collateral analysis
watch-lists Collections delinquency
Risk alerts at customer/
geography/product level
2. Risk, fraud, and AML/KYC analytics. Risk modeling and analytics allow
financial institutions to analyze any/all portfolios (of assets as well as
liabilities) to forecast likely losses, and make provisions for those adequately.
Analytics also enables banks to understand risk dimensions faster, without
expanding the pool of human resources. Advanced analytics solutions also
help reduce the complex and expensive burden of compliance on AML and
KYC departments.
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preventive action for saving both the bank and the customer. This also helps
banks in protecting themselves against potential fallout (non-compliance
fines and reputation loss risk, amongst others) of AML incidents
5. Feedback
Challenge: Ongoing
relevance, validity, and
improvement
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Staying competitive by meeting evolving customer demands and remaining
Our risk organization and compliant amidst increasing regulatory requirements often pulls banks in
functions were established to different directions. Increasing competition strains a banks ability to exercise
support and enable our more stringent fraud prevention. For instance, customers want their cards to be
organization to achieve strategic accepted widely, but due to the demands of regulatory compliance, the usage
goals such as sustainable growth is restricted and care advised. Banks have to walk the tightrope between these
and profitability, competitive forces to succeed.
advantages, and capital
management. Put simply, we The emerging best practice. Banks need to change their mindset to consider
recognize risk as a part of the
compliance as a source of competitive advantage instead of treating it as a
strategic agenda.
An Asia-Pacific bank
burden and cost. This is increasingly witnessed in the area of risk management.
Enterprise risk strategy should not be to just comply with, but to use risk
management for creating competitive advantage. Risk modeling and analytics
should be directly linked to business outcomes.
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suspicious transactions, and report to relevant regulatory bodies
In todays banking world, it is Collaboration between analytics and business units. Marketing experts
the balancebetween creativity across different product lines and analytics SMEs need to collaborate to
and discipline, between art and ensure that analytics insights are taken to action, and the insights themselves
sciencethat we need to strike. are actionable
CMO of a U.S. bank Real-time actions on market insights. Banks are starting to realize the power
of cutting time elapsed between understanding customer behavior and
acting upon it. Not only that, they are also realizing the immediate effect of
their strategies in shaping customer behavior
Global knowledge sharing. Digital revolution is fast erasing distinction
between customers in different geographies. It is therefore imperative, that
different business units within banks today collaborate more between
themselves, and make sure that lessons learnt in one geography for
customer behavior modeling are utilized in others
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Conclusion
Sophisticated predictive and prescriptive analytic solutions exist today that can
improve a banks probability of ensuring survival, compliance, profitability &
growth mandates, and competitiveness. However, institutionalizing and
operationalizing analytics to take smart business decisions is a challenge given
the ground realities of functional silos, talent crunch, competing priorities, and
outdated data/system infrastructure. The critical question today is not why
analytics? or which analytics? but how to operationalize analytics?
There is no other value-creation lever available today for the banking industry
that is as powerful as analytics. But, it needs to be elevated from an IT- or LoB-
level discussion to a C-level strategic agenda to really unleash its true potential.
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For more information about this topic please contact the author(s):
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