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ILIGAN MEDICAL CENTER COLLEGE

COLLEGE OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY S.Y. 2017-2018
GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND HISTOPATHLOGIC TECHNIQUES
PRELIM EXAMINATION

Name:_________________________________________ Course and Year:________ Date: ____________ Score:_______

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Write your answers in CAPITAL LETTERS in the space provided. Use black or blue ballpen only.
2. NO erasures or superimpositions. Tama na binago mo pa. Parang sa pag-ibig, nandyan na pinakawalan mo pa.
3. Huwag masyadong malapit sa kaklase. Siguraduhing may space kayo ng katabi mo, kagaya ng hiningi ng ex mo.
4. Huwag agad maniwala sa sagot sa katabi, gabay lamang sila. Mayroon kang free will, gamitin mo ito.
5. Review your answers. Hintayan matapos ang oras, total sanay ka naman maghintay di ba?
6. Kaya mo yan, laban lang. Kung binasa mo ito, ilagay ang nickname mo katabi ng smiley sa kaliwang bahagi.
7. Huwag mo hayaing mabagsak ka sa subject na ito. Ang hirap na mahulog pag walang sasalo sayo.
____1. Which of the flowing is a tissue softener that is also a clearing agent
A. Molliflex B. Formic acid C. Flemmings fluid D. Perenyis fluid

____2. Which of the following fixatives may be used for the diagnosis of rabies?
6.
A. Tricholoroacetic acid B. Acetone C. Osmic acid D. Bouins

____3. Tissue to dehydrating agent ratio

A. 1:20 B. 20:1 C. 1:10 D. 10:1

____4. The most widely used technique for skin biopsy.

A. Punch biopsy B. Shave biopsy C. Bite biopsy D. Wedge biopsy

____5. The most critical step in histopathology

A. Numbering B. Labeling C. Sectioning D. Fixation

____6. When combining acid and water, ensure that:

A. Acid is added to water C. They are added simultaneously
B. Water is added to acid D. Water is slowly added to acid

____7. Histochemistry fixation temperature:

A. 22-25oC B. 40oC C. 0-4oC D. 60oC

____8. En bloc technique

A. Rudolf Virchow B. Carl von Rokitansky C. Anton Ghon D. Maurice Letulle

____9. Autopsy comes from the __________ word Autopsia which means _________________________
A. Latin; to look for oneself C. Greek; to look for oneself
B. Latin; to see for yourself D. Greek; to see for yourself

____10. Air filled lungs may float on a fixative. To avoid this, the lungs should be packed with cotton soaked in fixative.
A. Both statements are true C. First statement is true, second statement is false
B. Both statements are false D. First statement is false, second statement is true

____11. Mercuric chloride fixative except:

A. Bouins solution B. Hellys solution C. Zenkers fluid D. Heidenhains Susa solution

____12. Highly explosive when dry

A. Bouins solution B. Glutaraldehyde C. Hellys solution D. Regauds fluid

____13. This is considered the most rapid fixative recommended for fixing chromosomes, lymph glands, and urgent biopsies.
A. Carnoys fluid B. Zenkers fluid C. Orths fluid D. Newcomers fluid

____14. Process of placing an already fixed tissue into another fixative

A. Secondary Fixation B. Post-Fixation C. Subfixation D. Post-Chromatization

____15. The most reliable type of biopsy

A. Incisional biopsy B. Open biopsy C. Blind biopsy D. Bite biopsy

____16. Zenker Formol fixative is also known as

A. Gendres fixative B. Hellys solution C. Mullers fluid D. Formol-Sublimate

____17. Clearing agent recommended for tough tissues

A. Toluene B. Chloroform C. Benzene D. Cedarwood Oil
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____18. Fixation is enhanced by:

1 agitation 2 large tissues 3 moderate heat
A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. All of these

____19. Autopsy personnel except:

A. Coroner B. Histology technician C. Morgue Assistant D. Pathologist

____20. The death certificate must be signed by the attending physician and the pathologist.
The relative of the deceased must be oriented by the pathologist, not by the attending physician.
A. Both statements are true C. First statement is true, second statement is false
B. Both statements are false D. First statement is false, second statement is true

____21. Smear preparation techniques:

1 Crushing 2 Spreading 3 Pull-apart 4 Impression smear
A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 2 and 3 C. 2, 3 and 4 D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

____22. Mercuric chloride precipitates left in the tissues can be removed by immersion of tissues in:
A. Sodium thiosulfate B. Ammonia water C. Iodine solution D.

____23. Ideal concentration of fixative for electron microscopy

A. 2.5% B. 3.0% C. 0.25% D. 0.3%

____24. Combustible at 110-120oF

A. Tetrahydrofuran B. Dioxane C. Cellosolve D. Triethyl phosphate

____25. An employee can learn the carcinogenic potential of dioxane by consulting the:
A. Chemical hygiene plan C. OSHA standards
B. Material safety data sheets D. Histopathology procedure manual

____26. Curettage specimen

A. Wedge biopsy B. Punch biopsy C. Bite biopsy D. Shave biopsy

____27. Used to remove excess mercuric fixative

A. Lithium carbonate B. Tap water C. 50-70% alcohol D. Alcoholic iodine

____28. Ways of measuring the extent of decalcification

1 Radiological Method 2 Mechanical Test 3 Calcium Oxalate Test
A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. All of these

____29. Fixative that contains glacial acetic acid except:

A. Carnoys fluid B. Bouins solution C. Newcomers fluid D. Regauds fluid

____30. In histopathology section, __________ is the most important step while ___________ is the most critical step
A. Numbering; Labeling C. Labeling; Fixation
B. Fixation; Numbering D. Numbering; Fixation

____31. Most common metallic fixative

A. Bouins B. Acetone C. 10% Formol Saline D. Mercuric Chloride

____32. Clearing agent that can be used as substitute for xylene

A. Benzene B. Chloroform C. Toluene D. Cedarwood oil

____33. Fixative recommended for renal biopsies

A. Bouins B. Mercuric chloride C. Formalin D. Osmium Tetroxide

____34. Centrifuging an uncapped specimen may produce a biological hazard in the form of:
A. Vectors B. Sharps contamination C. Aerosols D. Specimen contamination.

____35. Most common metallic fixative

A. Bouins B. Acetone C. 10% Formol Saline D. Mercuric Chloride

____36. An autopsy permit is obtain from:

A. Next kin of the deceased individual C. Administrator of the hospital
B. Medical director of the hospital D. Pathologist of the laboratory

____37. Which of the following is a slow dehydrating agent and useful for plant and animal microtechniques
A. Ethanol B. Butanol C. Methanol D. Isopropanol

____38. Decalcifying agent that contains hydrochloric acid:

A. Perenyis fluid C. Von Ebners fluid
B. Phloroglucin-nitricd acid D. EDTA
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____39. Slow freezing of unfixed tissues near 0oC must be avoided because:
A. This may promote autolysis C. This may unduly harden the tissue
B. This may promote formation of ice crystals D. Prolonged fixation

____40. This method of tissue examination is done by placing a drop of secretion or sediment upon one slide and facing it to
another clean slide:
A. Pull-apart B. Touch preparation C. Streaking D. Squash preparation

____41. In fixing brain tissue, the string/thread should be tied at what part of the brain?
A. Hypothalamus B. Medulla oblongata C. Circle of Willis D. Brain Stem

____42 Decalcification time of Phloroglucin-Nitric acid

A. 12-24 hours B.12-36 hours C. 24-48 hours D. 48-72 hours

____43. An autopsy technique in which the thoracic, cervical, abdominal and pelvic organs removed en masses and
subsequently dissected into organ blocks
A. Technique of C. Rokitansky C. Technique of A. Ghon
B. Technique of R. Virchow D. Technique of M. Letulle

____44. Aplastic anemia and bone marrow disease is attributed mostly to:
A. Xylene B. Toluene C. Chloroform D. Benzene

____45. It is the process of removing mercuric deposits from fixed tissues by immersing them in alcoholic iodine solution prior
to staining
A. Lyophilization B. Dezenkerization C. Washing out D. Dealcoholization

____46. Xylene turns milky as soon as tissue is place in it. What could be the possible cause?
A. Incomplete dehydration C. Prolonged dehydration
B. Incomplete fixation D. Prolonged fixation

____47. Fixation is enhanced by:

A. Presence of fat and mucus C. Cold temperature
B. Fixing larger tissue D. Agitation

____48. A special method of smear preparation whereby the surface of a freshly cut piece of tissue is brought into contact and
pressed on to the surface of a clean glass slide, allowing cells to be transferred directly to the slide for examination.
A. Crushing B. Pull-Apart C. Streaking D. Impression Smear

____49. Which of the following is not a dehydrating agent?

A. Ethanol B. Benzene C. Acetone D. Dioxane

____50. A laboratory worker splashes concentrated hydrochloric acid in his/her eye. The best safety measure is to:
A. Wash the eye with dilute sodium hydroxide and call a physician STAT
B. Wash the eye with distilled water and call a physician STAT
C. Wash the eye with dilute acetic acid and call a physician STAT
D. Call the physician and wait for his/her advice

____51. An autopsy technique in which the organs are removed one by one
A. Technique of C. Rokitansky C. Technique of A. Ghon
B. Technique of R. Virchow D. Technique of M. Letulle

____52. Alcoholic fixative stabilizes or preserves tissues using what mechanism?

A. Additive fixation C. Secondary Fixation
B. Non-additive fixation D. Post-Fixation

____53. For tissues needed for museum preparations, the volume of the fixative should be _____________ than of the tissue.
A. 10-20 times B. 100-200 times C. 50-100 times D. 500-1000 times

____54. Which of the following is not true about the X-ray method used in determining extent of decalcification
A. Most ideal method C. Small foci of calcium can easily be detected
B. No interference with any other fixative D. All are true statements

____55. Fixation of tissues for electron microscopy using osmic acid is done at what temperature?
A. 40oC B. 37oC C. Room Temperature D. 4oC

____56. Which of the following fixatives are microanatomic?

A. Carnoys B. Orths C. Zenkers D. Regauds

____57. Normal lungs will ____ on fixative:

A. Sink B. Shrink C. Swell D. Float
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____58. Fixative recommended for early degenerative processes and demonstrates Rickettsia
A. Regauds B. Orths C. Hellys D. Bouins

____59. Which of the following is the most ideal, most sensitive, and most reliable method of determining the extent of
decalcification?
A. Physical B. Mechanical C. Radiological D. Chemical

____60. Which of the following is used to remove alcohol in frozen sections?

A. Glycerine B. Gum syrup C. Both D. Neither

____61. An autopsy technique in which the organs are removed as organ blocks
A. Technique of C. Rokitansky C. Technique of A. Ghon
B. Technique of R. Virchow D. Technique of M. Letulle

____62. A process whereby selected tissue specimen is immersed in a watch glass containing isotonic solution, carefully
dissected or separated and examined under the microscope.
A. Teasing B. Crushing C. Streaking D. Spreading

____63. All of the following are safe to do when removing the source of an electric shock except:
A. Pulling the person away from the instrument C. Using a glass container to move the instrument
B. Turning off the circuit breaker D. Unplugging the instrument

____64. The ascending grade of alcohol in H & E staining method is used for:
A. Dealcoholization B. Dehydration C. Fixation D. Clearing

____65. The ideal time for a decalcification process to be completed is between:

A. 3-5 days B. 1-2 days C. 2-4 days D. 12-24 hours

____66. Which of the fixative preserve tissues by removal of water

A. Formalin B. Mercuric Chloride C. Alcoholic Fixative D. Brain Stem

____67. What compound is present when cloudiness of the reagent results during chemical test for complete decalcification
A. Calcium phosphate B. Calcium oxalate C. Calcium sulfate D. Calcium hydroxide

____68. Mercuric chloride may produce _____ colored deposits during fixation
A. Yellow B. Silver C. White D. Black

____69. The main purpose of fixation is to:

A. Harden the tissue from further trauma C. Promote the attachment of fluids
B. Promote the affinity of stains and dyes D. Preserve morphology of cells

____70. An employee who is accidentally exposed to a possible blood-borne pathogen should immediately:
A. Report to a supervisor C. Clean the area with disinfectant
B. Flush the area with water D. Receive HIV prophylaxis

____71. Tissue to fixative agent ratio:

A. 1:20 B. 20:1 C. 1:10 D. 10:1

____72. Formaldehyde is formed from the oxidation of:

A. Methanol B. Ethanol C. Isopropanol D. Butanol

____73. STAT means:

A. Now B. Immediately C. ASAP D. None of the above

____74. The white crystalline precipitate formed from prolonged standing of formaldehyde especially at very low temperature
A. Formic acid B. Paraformaldehyde C. Ortho-formaldehyde D. Acid formaldehyde hematin

____75. Rate of penetration of formalin in tissues

A. 1 mm/hour B. 10 mm/hour C. 1 mm/minute D. 10 mm/minute

____76. Which of the following substances is not a decalcifying agent?

A. Electrolytic solution B. Acid alcohol C. Nitric acid D. Formic acid

____77. The best general tissue fixative

A. 10% formalin B. Glutaraldehyde C. 5% formic acid D. 10% neutral buffered formalin

____78. All mercuric chloride-containing fixatives may produce the characteristic black granular deposits except:
A. Hellys solution B. 10 mm/hour C. Zenkers fluid D. Heidenhains Susa

____79. This metallic fixative is generally indicated for preserving acid mucopolysaccharides and mucins
A. Lead fixative B. Mercury fixative C. Osmic acid D. Chromate fixative
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____80. The optimum temperature of microwave fixation

A. 45-55oC B. 100oC C. 37oC D. 60oC

____81. EDTA is used to promote bone decalcification and acts as a(an):

A. Acid B. Ion-exchange resin C. Chelating agent D. Electrolyte

____82. A fixative that solidifies at 17oC

A. Trichloroacetic acid B. Osmium tetroxide C. Glacial acetic acid D. Picric acid

____83. Clearing agent that is easily adulterated

A. Aniline oil B. Cedarwood oil C. Chloroform D. Clove oil

____84. The best decalcifying agent:

A. Nitric acid B. Hydrochloric acid C. Formic acid D. Chromic acid

____85. Characteristic of an ideal dehydrating agent

A. Should be able to remove stain
B. Can harden tissue immediately
C. It is not volatile and carcinogenic
D. Must be able to dehydrate quickly the tissue without producing considerable shrinkage or distortion

____86. Autopsy materials should be preserved as soon after death as possible. If this cannot be done, the body should be
place in refrigerator kept at
A. 1oC B. 4oC C. 6oC D. 8oC

____87. An employee who accidently spills acid on his arm should immediately:
A. Neutralize the acid with a base C. Consult the Material Safety Data Sheets
B. Hold the arm under running water for 15 minutes D. Wrap the arm in gauze and go to the emergency room

____88. A brittle or hard tissue in a paraffin block is due to prolonged

A. Fixation and clearing C. Fixation and dehydration
B. Fixation, clearing and dehydration D. Dehydration and clearing

____89. The commercially available formaldehyde solution contains gas by weight as

A. 10% B. 40-55% C. 0-4% D. 37-40%

____90. The first thing to do when a fire is discovered is to:

A. Rescue persons in danger C. Close doors to other areas
B. Activate the alarm system D. Extinguish the fire if possible

____91. To ensure the penetration of decalcifying solutions, it should be changed

A. Daily B. Twice a week C. Weekly D. Every 12 hours

____92. The dehydrating alcohol that is not used in tissue processing because of its toxic effect
A. Ethanol B. Methanol C. Butanol D. Isopropanol

____93. Both acts as a fixative and decalcifying agent

1 Nitric acid 2 Formic acid 3 Chromic acid
A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. All of these

____94. A specimen in the laboratory is labeled as S-05-143 The number 143 represents the
A. I love you B. Patients room number C. Year collected D. Specimen number

____95. Which of the following should be selected when it is desirable to preserve erythrocytes in the tissue?
A. B-5 B. Zenkers C. Carnoys D. Bouins

____96. The initial concentration of dehydrating agent for embryos:

A. 10% B. 30% C. 55% D. 70%

____97. Ammonium form of polystyrene used for decalcification

A. Ion Exchange Resins B. Electrophoresis C. Chelating agents D. Electrical Ionization

____98. Decalcifying agent to tissue ratio:

A. 1:10 B. 1:20 C. 10:1 D. 20:1

____99. Both acts a dehydrating agent and clearing agent

A. Alcohol B. Cellosolve C. Triethyl phosphate D. Tetrahydrofuran

____100. The most rapid clearing agent

A. Chloroform B. Toluene C. Benzene D. Xylene