501

Geometry Questions
501
Geometry Questions

N E W YO R K
Copyright 2002 LearningExpress, LLC.

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions.

Published in the United States by LearningExpress, LLC, New York.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

LearningExpress
501 geometry questions/LearningExpress
p. cm.
Summary: Provides practice exercises to help students prepare for multiple-choice tests,
high school exit exams, and other standardized tests on the subject of geometry. Includes
explanations of the answers and simple denitions to reinforce math facts.
ISBN 1-57685-425-6 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. GeometryProblems, exercises, etc. [1. GeometryProblems, exercises, etc.]
I. Title: Five hundred and one geometry questions. II. Title: Five hundred and one
geometry questions. III. Title.
QA459 .M37 2002
516'.0076dc21 2002006239

Printed in the United States of America

98765432
First Edition

ISBN 1-57685-425-6

For more information or to place an order, contact Learning Express at:

55 Broadway
8th Floor
New York, NY 10006

Or visit us at:
www.learnatest.com
The LearningExpress Skill Builder in Focus Writing Team is
comprised of experts in test preparation, as well as educators and
teachers who specialize in language arts and math.

LearningExpress Skill Builder in Focus Writing Team

Brigit Dermott
Freelance Writer
English Tutor, New York Cares
New York, New York

Sandy Gade
Project Editor
LearningExpress
New York, New York

Kerry McLean
Project Editor
Math Tutor
Shirley, New York

William Recco
Middle School Math Teacher, Grade 8
New York Shoreham/Wading River School District
Math Tutor
St. James, New York

Colleen Schultz
Middle School Math Teacher, Grade 8
Vestal Central School District
Math Tutor
Vestal, New York
 Contents

Introduction ix
1 The Basic Building Blocks of Geometry 1
2 Types of Angles 15
3 Working with Lines 23
4 Measuring Angles 37
5 Pairs of Angles 45
6 Types of Triangles 55
7 Congruent Triangles 69
8 Ratio, Proportion, and Similarity 81
9 Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem 95
10 Properties of Polygons 109
11 Quadrilaterals 121
12 Perimeter of Polygons 131
13 Area of Polygons 145
14 Surface Area of Prisms 165
15 Volume of Prisms and Pyramids 175
16 Working with Circles and Circular Figures 191
 501 Geometry Questions

17 Coordinate Geometry 225

18 The Slope of a Line 237
19 The Equation of a Line 249
20 Trigonometry Basics 259

viii
 Introduction

Geometry is the study of gures in space. As you study geometry, you

will measure these gures and determine how they relate to each other and
the space they are in. To work with geometry you must understand the dif-
ference between representations on the page and the gures they symbol-
ize. What you see is not always what is there. In space, lines dene a square;
on the page, four distinct black marks dene a square. What is the differ-
ence? On the page, lines are visible. In space, lines are invisible because lines
do not occupy space, in and of themselves. Let this be your rst lesson in
geometry: Appearances may deceive.
Sadly, for those of you who love the challenge of proving the validity of
geometric postulates and theoremsthese are the statements that dene
the rules of geometrythis book is not for you. It will not address geo-
metric proofs or zigzag through tricky logic problems, but it will focus on
the practical application of geometry towards solving planar (two-dimen-
sional) spatial puzzles. As you use this book, you will work under the
assumption that every denition, every postulate, and every theorem is
infallibly true.
 501 Geometry Questions

How to Use This Book

Review the introduction to each chapter before answering the questions in

that chapter. Problems toward the end of this book will demand that you
apply multiple lessons to solve a question, so be sure to know the preced-
ing chapters well. Take your time; refer to the introductions of each chap-
ter as frequently as you need to, and be sure to understand the answer
explanations at the end of each section. This book provides the practice; you
provide the initiative and perseverance.

Authors Note

Some geometry books read like instructions on how to launch satellites into
space. While geometry is essential to launching NASA space probes, a
geometry book should read like instructions on how to make a peanut but-
ter and jelly sandwich. Its not that hard, and after you are done, you should
be able to enjoy the product of your labor. Work through this book, enjoy
some pb and j, and soon you too can launch space missions if you want.

x
 501
Geometry Questions
 The Basic Building
1
Blocks of Geometry

Before you can tackle geometrys toughest stuff, you must under-
stand geometrys simplest stuff: the point, the line, and the plane. Points,
lines, and planes do not occupy space. They are intangible, invisible, and
indenable; yet they determine all tangible visible objects. Trust that they
exist, or the next twenty lessons are moot.
Lets get to the point!

Point

Point A

A A

Figure Symbol

A point is a location in space; it indicates position. It occupies no space of

its own, and it has no dimension of its own.
 501 Geometry Questions

Line

Line BC, or
Line CB
BC

CB
B C
Figure Symbol

A line is a set of continuous points innitely extending in opposite direc-

tions. It has innite length, but no depth or width.

Plane

Plane DEF, or
Plane X

E There is
no symbol to
D F describe
plane DEF.
Figure

A plane is a at expanse of points expanding in every direction. Planes have

two dimensions: length and width. They do not have depth.
As you probably noticed, each denition above builds upon the def-
inition before it. There is the point; then there is a series of points; then
there is an expanse of points. In geometry, space is pixilated much like the
image you see on a TV screen. Be aware that denitions from this point on
will build upon each other much like these rst three denitions.

Collinear/Noncollinear

A
A B C D B D

collinear points noncollinear points

2
 501 Geometry Questions

Collinear points are points that form a single straight line when they are
connected (two points are always collinear). Noncollinear points are
points that do not form a single straight line when they are connected (only
three or more points can be noncollinear).

Coplanar/Noncoplanar

X Y

coplanar points Z and Y each have their own

coplanar points, but do not
share coplanar points.

Coplanar points are points that occupy the same plane. Noncoplanar
points are points that do not occupy the same plane.

Ray

Ray GH

G H GH

Figure Symbol

A ray begins at a point (called an endpoint because it marks the end of a ray),
and innitely extends in one direction.

3
 501 Geometry Questions

Opposite Rays

Opposite Rays JK
and JI

JK

I J K JI
(the endpoint
is always the
first letter when
naming a ray)

Figure Symbol

Opposite rays are rays that share an endpoint and innitely extend in
opposite directions. Opposite rays form straight angles.

Angles

Angle M, or LMN,
or NML, or 1

L
M
LMN

M 1 NML
1
N
(the vertex is always
the center letter when
naming an angle
with three letters)

Figure Symbol

Angles are rays that share an endpoint but innitely extend in different
directions.

4
 501 Geometry Questions

Line Segment

Line Segment OP,

or PO

OP

O P PO
Figure Symbol

A line segment is part of a line with two endpoints. Although not innitely
extending in either direction, the line segment has an innite set of points
between its endpoints.

Set 1

Choose the best answer.

1. Plane geometry
a. has only two dimensions.
b. manipulates cubes and spheres.
c. cannot be represented on the page.
d. is ordinary.

2. A single location in space is called a

a. line.
b. point.
c. plane.
d. ray.

3. A single point
a. has width.
b. can be accurately drawn.
c. can exist at multiple planes.
d. makes a line.

5
 501 Geometry Questions

4. A line, plane, ray, and line segment all have

a. length and depth.
b. points.
c. endpoints.
d. no dimension.

5. Two points determine

a. a line.
b. a plane.
c. a square.
d. No determination can be made.

6. Three noncollinear points determine

a. a ray.
b. a plane.
c. a line segment.
d. No determination can be made.

7. Any four points determine

a. a plane.
b. a line.
c. a ray.
d. No determination can be made.

Set 2

Choose the best answer.

8. Collinear points
a. determine a plane.
b. are circular.
c. are noncoplanar.
d. are coplanar.

6
 501 Geometry Questions

9. How many distinct lines can be drawn through two points?

a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. an innite number of lines

10. Lines are always

a. solid.
b. nite.
c. noncollinear.
d. straight.

11. The shortest distance between any two points is

a. a plane.
b. a line segment.
c. a ray.
d. an arch.

12. Which choice below has the most points?

a. a line
b. a line segment
c. a ray
d. No determination can be made.

Set 3

Answer questions 13 through 16 using the figure below.

R S T

13. Write three different ways to name the line above. Are there still
other ways to name the line? If there are, what are they? If there
arent, why not?

14. Name four different rays. Are there other ways to name each ray?
If there are, what are they? If there arent, why not?

7
 501 Geometry Questions

15. Name a pair of opposite rays. Are there other pairs of opposite
rays? If there are, what are they?

16. Name three different line segments. Are there other ways to name
each line segment? If there are, what are they? If there arent, why
not?

Set 4

Answer questions 17 through 20 using the figure below.

N O P

17. Write three different ways to name the line above. Are there still
other ways to name the line? If there are, what are they? If there
arent, why not?

18. Name ve different rays. Are there other ways to name each ray? If
there are, what are they? If there arent, why not?

19. Name a pair of opposite rays. Are there other pairs of opposite
rays? If there are, what are they?

20. Name three angles. Are there other ways to name each angle? If
there are, what are they? If there arent, why not?

8
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 5

Answer questions 21 through 23 using the figure below.

K

L M N

21. Name three different rays. Are there other rays? If there are, what
are they?

22. Name ve angles. Are there other ways to name each angle? If
there are, what are they? If there arent, why not?

23. Name ve different line segments. Are there other ways to name
each line segment? If there are, what are they? If there arent, why
not?

Set 6

Ann, Bill, Carl, and Dan work in the same ofce building. Dan works in the
basement while Ann, Bill, and Carl share an ofce on level X. At any given
moment of the day, they are all typing at their desks. Bill likes a window
seat; Ann likes to be near the bathroom; and Carl prefers a seat next to the
door. Their three cubicles do not line up.

Answer the following questions using the description above.

24. Level X can also be called

a. Plane Ann, Bill, and Carl.
b. Plane Ann and Bill.
c. Plane Dan.
d. Plane Carl, X, and Bill.

9
 501 Geometry Questions

25. If level X represents a plane, then level X has

a. no points.
b. only three points.
c. a nite set of points.
d. an innite set of points extending innitely.

26. If Ann and Bill represent points, then Point Ann

a. has depth and length, but no width; and is noncollinear with
point Bill.
b. has depth, but no length and width; and is noncollinear with
point Bill.
c. has depth, but no length and width; and is collinear with point
Bill.
d. has no depth, length, and width; and is collinear with point Bill.

27. If Ann, Bill, and Carl represent points, then Points Ann, Bill, and
Carl are
a. collinear and noncoplanar.
b. noncollinear and coplanar.
c. noncollinear and noncoplanar.
d. collinear and coplanar.

28. A line segment drawn between Carl and Dan is

a. collinear and noncoplanar.
b. noncollinear and coplanar.
c. noncollinear and noncoplanar.
d. collinear and coplanar.

10
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 1

1. a. Plane geometry, like its namesake the plane, cannot exceed

two dimensions. Choice b is incorrect because cubes and spheres
are three-dimensional. Geometry can be represented on the
page, so choice c is incorrect. Choice d confuses the words plane
and plain.

2. b. The denition of a point is a location in space. Choices a, c,

and d are incorrect because they are all multiple locations in space;
the question asks for a single location in space.

3. c. A point by itself can be in any plane. In fact, planes remain

undetermined until three noncollinear points exist at once. If you
could not guess this, then process of elimination could have
brought you to choice c. Choices a and b are incorrect because
points are dimensionless; they have no length, width, or depth;
they cannot be seen or touched, much less accurately drawn. Just
as three points make a plane, two points make a line; consequently
choice d is incorrect.

4. b. Theoretically, space is nothing but innity of locations, or

points. Lines, planes, rays, and line segments are all alignments of
points. Lines, rays, and line segments only possess length, so
choices a and d are incorrect. Lines and planes do not have
endpoints; choice c cannot be the answer either.

5. a. Two points determine a line, and only one line can pass through
any two points. This is commonsensical. Choice b is incorrect
because it takes three noncollinear points to determine a plane, not
two. It also takes a lot more than two points to determine a square,
so choice c is incorrect.

6. b. Three noncollinear points determine a plane. Rays and line

segments need collinear points.

11
 501 Geometry Questions

7. d. Any four points could determine a number of things: a pair of

parallel lines, a pair of skewed lines, a plane, and one other
coplanar/noncoplanar point. Without more information the
answer cannot be determined.

Set 2

8. d. Collinear points are also coplanar. Choice a is not the answer

because noncollinear points determine planes, not a single line of
collinear points.

9. b. An innite number of lines can be drawn through one point,

but only one straight line can be drawn through two points.

10. d. Always assume that in plane geometry a line is a straight line

unless otherwise stated. Process of elimination works well with this
question: Lines have one dimension, length, and no substance;
they are denitely not solid. Lines extend to innity; they are not
nite. Finally, we dened noncollinear as a set of points that do
not line up; we take our cue from the last part of that statement.
Choice c is not our answer.

11. b. A line segment is the shortest distance between any two points.

12. d. A line, a line segment, and a ray are sets of points. How many
points make a set? An innite number. Since a limit cannot be put
on innity, not one of the answer choices has more than the other.

Set 3

13. Any six of these names correctly describe the line: 
RS , 
SR , 
RT ,

TR , 
ST , 
TS , 
RST , and 
TSR . Any two points on a given line,
regardless of their order, describes that line. Three points can
describe a line, as well.

14. Two of the four rays can each be called by only one name: 
ST and

SR . Ray names 
RT and 
RS are interchangeable, as are ray names

TS and TR ; each pair describes one ray. 
 RT and 
RS describe a
ray beginning at endpoint R and extending innitely through T

12
 501 Geometry Questions

and S. 
TS and 
TR describe a ray beginning at endpoint T and
extending innitely through S and R.

15. 
SR and 
ST are opposite rays. Of the four rays listed, they are the
only pair of opposite rays; they share an endpoint and extend
innitely in opposite directions.

16. Line segments have two endpoints and can go by two names. It
 is TR
does not matter which endpoint comes rst. RT ; RS
 is 
SR;
and  .
ST is TS

Set 4

17. Any six of these names correctly describes the line: 
NP , 
PN , 
NO ,

ON , 
PO , 
OP , 
NOP , 
PON . Any two points on a given line,
regardless of their order, describe that line.

18. Three of the ve rays can each be called by only one name: 
OP ,

ON , and 
OQ . Ray-names 
NO and NP are interchangeable, as
are ray names PO and PN ; each pair describes one ray each. 
  NO
and 
NP describe a ray beginning at endpoint N and extending
innitely through O and P. 
PO and PN describe a ray beginning
at end point P and extending innitely through O and N.

19. 
ON and 
OP are opposite rays. Of the ve rays listed, they are the
only pair of opposite rays; they share an endpoint and extend
innitely in opposite directions.

20. Angles have two sides, and unless a number is given to describe the
angle, angles can have two names. In our case NOQ is QON;
POQ is QOP; and NOP is PON (in case you missed this
one, NOP is a straight angle). Letter O cannot by itself name any
of these angles because all three angles share O as their vertex.

Set 5

21. Two of the three rays can each be called by only one name: 
KL
and 
MN . 
LN and 
LM are interchangeable because they both

13
 501 Geometry Questions

describe a ray beginning at endpoint L and extending innitely

through M and N.

22. Two of the ve angles can go by three different names. KLM is

MLK. LKM is MKL is K. The other three angles can only
go by two names each. KMN is NMK. KML is LMK.
LMN is NML. Letter M cannot by itself name any of these
angles because all three angles share M as their vertex.

23. Line segments have two endpoints and can go by two names. It
makes no difference which endpoint comes rst.  ; 
LM is ML MN is
     
NM; LN is NL; KM is MK; KL is LK.

Set 6

24. a. Three noncollinear points determine a plane. In this case, we

know level X is a plane and Ann, Bill, and Carl represent points on
that plane. Ann and Bill together are not enough points to dene
the plane; Dan isnt on plane X and choice d doesnt make sense.
Choice a is the only option.

25. d. Unlike a plane, an ofce oor can hold only so many people;
however, imagine the ofce oor extending innitely in every
direction. How many people could it hold? An innite number.

26. d. Just as the ofce oor can represent a plane, Ann and Bill can
represent points. They acquire the characteristics of a point; and as
we know, points have no dimension, and two points make a line.

27. b. Ann, Bill, and Carl are all on the same oor, which means they
are all on the same plane, and they are not lined up. That makes
them noncollinear but coplanar.

28. d. Carl and Dan represent two points; two points make a line; and
all lines are collinear and coplanar. Granted, Dan and Carl are on
two different oors; but remember points exist simultaneously on
multiple planes.

14
 Types of Angles
2
Did you ever hear the nursery rhyme about the crooked man who
walked a crooked mile? The crooked man was very angular. But was he
obtuse or acute?
Whats my angle? Just this: angles describe appearances and personali-
ties as well as geometric gures. Review this chapter and consider what
angle might best describe you.

Angles

Chapter 1 denes an angle as two rays sharing an endpoint and extending

innitely in different directions.
L
M is a vertex
1 ML is a side
M N MN is another side
 501 Geometry Questions

Special Angles

Angles are measured in degrees; and degrees measure rotation, not distance.
Some rotations merit special names. Watch as 
BA rotates around B:
A
mABC = 0
B C

A
0 < mABC < 90,
ACUTE

B C

A
mABC = 90,
RIGHT

B C

A
90 < mABC < 180,
OBTUSE

B C

mABC = 180,
STRAIGHT
A B C

180 < mABC < 360,

B C REFLEX

16
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 7

Choose the answer that incorrectly names an angle in each preceding

figure.

O P
29. a. NOP
b. PON
c. O
d. 90

D E
30. a. CDE
b. CED
c. D
d. 1

Q R S
31. a. R
b. QRS
c. XRS
d. XRQ

17
 501 Geometry Questions

2
L M N

O
32. a. KMN
b. NMO
c. KML
d. M

Set 8

Choose the best answer.

33. All opposite rays

a. are also straight angles.
b. have different end points.
c. extend in the same direction.
d. do not form straight lines.

34. Angles that share a common vertex point cannot

a. share a common angle side.
b. be right angles.
c. use the vertex letter name as an angle name.
d. share interior points.

35. EDF and GDE

a. are the same angle.
b. only share a common vertex.
c. are acute.
d. share a common side and vertex.

18
 501 Geometry Questions

A B C

36. a. mABC = 360.

b. A, B, and C are noncollinear.
c. ABC is an obtuse angle.
d. 
BA and BC are opposite rays.

Set 9

Label each angle measurement as acute, right, obtuse, straight, or

reflexive.

37. 13.5

38. 91

39. 46

40. 179.3

41. 355

42. 180.2

43. 90

Set 10

For each diagram in this set, name every angle in as many ways as
you can. Then label each angle as acute, right, obtuse, straight, or
reflexive.

44.
T E

19
 501 Geometry Questions

45. 1

46. R

47. A

B
Y

48. U

1
V
2

49. K

M
J

1
50.

20
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 7

29. d. Angles are not named by their measurements.

30. b. CED describes an angle whose vertex is E, not D.

31. a. If a vertex is shared by more than one angle, then the letter
describing the vertex cannot be used to name any of the angles. It
would be too confusing.

32. d. If a vertex is shared by more than one angle, then the letter
describing the vertex cannot be used to name any of the angles. It
would be too confusing.

Set 8

33. a. Opposite rays form straight lines and straight angles. Choices b,
c, and d contradict the three dening elements of a pair of
opposite rays.

34. c. If a vertex is shared by more than one angle, then it cannot be

used to name any of the angles.

35. d. EDF and GDE share vertex point D and side DE. Choice c
is incorrect because there is not enough information.

36. d. Opposite rays form straight angles.

Set 9

37. 0 < 13.5 < 90; acute

38. 90 < 91 < 180; obtuse

39. 0 < 46 < 90; acute

40. 90 < 179.3 < 180; obtuse

21
 501 Geometry Questions

41. 180 < 355 < 360; reexive

42. 180 < 180.2 < 360; reexive

43. 90 = 90; right

Set 10

44. TOE, EOT, or O; acute

45. 1; obtuse

46. ROS, SOR, or O; right

47. ABY or YBA; right

YBC or CBY; right
ABC and CBA; straight

48. 1; acute
2; acute
UVW or WVU; right

49. JKN or NKJ; right

NKM or MKN; acute
JKM or MKJ; obtuse

50. 1; reexive
2; acute

22
Working with Lines
3
Some lines never cross. Parallel lines are coplanar lines that never
intersect; they travel similar paths at a constant distance from one another.
Skew lines are noncoplanar lines that never intersect; they travel dissimilar
paths on separate planes.
Parallel lines Skew lines
a and b a and b

a b b
a
b Figure Symbol Figure No Symbol

When lines cross, they do not collide into each other, nor do they lie
one on top of the other. Lines do not occupy space. Watch how these
lines cross each other; they could be considered models of peaceful
coexistence (next page).
 501 Geometry Questions

a a

c c

b b

Two-Lined Intersections

When two lines look like they are crossing, they are really sharing a single
point. That point is on both lines. When lines intersect, they create four
angles: notice the appearance of the hub around the vertex in the gure
above. When the measures of those four angles are added, the sum equals
the rotation of a complete circle, or 360.
When the sum of the measures of any two angles equals 180, the angles
are called supplementary angles.
When straight lines intersect, two angles next to each other are called
adjacent angles. They share a vertex, a side, and no interior points. Adjacent
angles along a straight line measure half a circles rotation, or 180.

a m1 + m2 = 180
2 m2 + m3 = 180
1 3
4 m3 + m4 = 180
m4 + m1 = 180
b m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 = 360

When straight lines intersect, opposite angles, or angles nonadjacent to

each other, are called vertical angles. They are always congruent.

2 1  3, m1 = m3
1 3
4 2  4, m2 = m4

24
 501 Geometry Questions

When two lines intersect and form four right angles, the lines are con-
sidered perpendicular.

1  2  3  4
m1 = m2 = m3 = m4 = 90
1 2

3 4

Three-Lined Intersections

A transversal line intersects two or more lines, each at a different point.

Because a transversal line crosses at least two other lines, eight or more
angles are created. When a transversal intersects a pair of parallel lines, cer-
tain angles are always congruent or supplementary. Pairs of these angles
have special names:
Corresponding angles are angles in corresponding positions.

Look for a distinctive F shaped gure.

1
4 2
5 3
8
6
7

Angle Corresponding Angle

1 5
2 6
3 7
4 8

When a transversal intersects a pair of parallel lines, corresponding angles

are congruent.

25
 501 Geometry Questions

Interior angles are angles inside a pair of crossed lines.

Look for a distinctive I shaped gure.

1
4 2
5 3
8
6
7

Interior
Angles
4
3
6
5

Same-side interior angles are interior angles on the same side of a trans-
versal line.

Look for a distinctive C shaped gure.

1
4 2
5 3
8
6
7

Same Side Interior Angles

3 6
4 5

When a transversal intersects a pair of parallel lines, same-side interior

angles are supplementary.

26
 501 Geometry Questions

Alternate interior angles are interior angles on opposite sides of a

transversal line.

Look for a distinctive Z shaped gure.

1
4 2
5 3
8
6
7

Alternate Interior Angles

4 6
3 5

When a transversal intersects a pair of parallel lines, alternate interior

angles are congruent.
When a transversal is perpendicular to a pair of parallel lines, all eight
angles are congruent.

1  2  3  4
5  6  7  8
1 2

4 3 m1 = m2 = m3 = m4
m5 = m6 = m7
m8 = 90

5 6

8 7

There are also exterior angles, same-side exterior angles, and alternate
exterior angles. They are positioned by the same common-sense rules as the
interior angles.

27
 501 Geometry Questions

Two lines are parallel if any of the following statements is true:

1) A pair of alternate interior angles is congruent.
2) A pair of alternate exterior angles is congruent.
3) A pair of corresponding angles is congruent.
4) A pair of same-side interior angles is supplementary.

Set 11

Use the following diagram to answer questions 51 through 56.

n

m o

A
l

51. Which set of lines are transversals?

a. l, m, o
b. o, m, n
c. l, o, n
d. l, m, n

52. A is
a. between lines l and n.
b. on lines l and n.
c. on line l, but not line n.
d. on line n, but not line l.

28
 501 Geometry Questions

53. How many points do line m and line l share?

a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. innite

54. Which lines are perpendicular?

a. n, m
b. o, l
c. l, n
d. m, l

55. How many lines can be drawn through A that are perpendicular
to line l?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 10,000
d. innite

56. How many lines can be drawn through A that are parallel to line
m?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. innite

29
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 12

Use the following diagram to answer questions 57 through 61.

l  m, n  o
l

1
3 2
4 5
7 6
8
9
11 10 n
12 13
15 14
16

57. In sets, name all the congruent angles.

58. In pairs, name all the vertical angles.

59. In pairs, name all the corresponding angles.

60. In pairs, name all the alternate interior angles.

61. In pairs, name all the angles that are same-side interior.

Set 13

Use the following diagram and the information below to determine if

lines o and p are parallel. Place a checkmark () beside statements that
prove lines o and p are parallel; place an X beside statements that nei-
ther prove nor disprove that lines o and p are parallel.

30
 501 Geometry Questions

1
3 2
4 5
7 6
8

s
9 10 13 14
11 12 15 16

62. If 5 and 4 are congruent and equal, then ________.

63. If 1 and 2 are congruent and equal, then ________.

64. If 9 and 16 are congruent and equal, then ________.

65. If 12 and 15 are congruent and equal, then ________.

66. If 8 and 4 are congruent and equal, then ________.

Set 14

Circle the correct answer True or False.

67. Angles formed by a transversal and two parallel lines are either
complementary or congruent. True or False

68. When four rays extend from a single endpoint, adjacent angles are
always supplementary. True or False

69. Angles supplementary to the same angle or angles with the same
measure are also equal in measure. True or False

31
 501 Geometry Questions

70. Adjacent angles that are also congruent are always right angles.
True or False

71. Parallel and skew lines are coplanar. True or False

72. Supplementary angles that are also congruent are right angles.
True or False

73. If vertical angles are acute, the angle adjacent to them must be
obtuse. True or False

74. Vertical angles can be reexive. True or False

75. When two lines intersect, all four angles formed are never
congruent to each other. True or False

76. The sum of interior angles formed by a pair of parallel lines

crossed by a transversal is always 360. True or False

77. The sum of exterior angles formed by a pair of parallel lines and a
transversal is always 360. True or False

32
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 11

51. d. In order to be a transversal, a line must cut across two other

lines at different points. Line o crosses lines m and l at the same
point; it is not a transversal.

52. b. When two lines intersect, they share a single point in space.
That point is technically on both lines.

53. b. Lines are straight; they cannot backtrack or bend (if they could
bend, they would be a curve, not a line). Consequently, when two
lines intersect, they can share only one point.

54. a. When intersecting lines create right angles, they are perpen-
dicular.

55. b. An innite number of lines can pass through any given point in
spaceonly one line can pass through a point and be perpen-
dicular to an existing line. In this case, that point is on the line;
however, this rule also applies to points that are not on the line.

56. b. Only one line can pass through a point and be parallel to an
existing line.

Set 12

57. 1  4  5  8  9  12  13  16;
2  3  6  7  10  11  14  15

58. 1, 4; 2, 3; 5, 8; 6, 7; 9, 12; 10, 11; 13, 16;

14, 15

59. 1, 9; 2, 10; 3, 11; 4, 12; 5, 13; 6, 14; 7, 15;

8, 16

60. 3, 10; 4, 9; 7, 14; 8, 13

61. 3, 9; 4, 10; 7, 13; 8, 14

33
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 13

62. . Only three congruent angle pairs can prove a pair of lines cut
by a transversal are parallel: alternate interior angles, alternate
exterior angles, and corresponding angles. Angles 5 and 4 are
alternate interior anglesnotice the Z gure.

63. X. 1 and 2 are adjacent angles. Their measurements combined

must equal 180, but they do not determine parallel lines.

64. . 9 and 16 are alternate exterior angles.

65. X. 12 and 15 are same side interior angles. Their congruence

does not determine parallel lines. When same side interior angles
are supplementary, then the lines are parallel.

66. . 8 and 4 are corresponding angles.

Set 14

67. False. The angles of a pair of parallel lines cut by a transversal are
always either supplementary or congruent, meaning their
measurements either add up to 180, or they are the same measure.

68. False. If the four rays made two pairs of opposite rays, then this
statement would be true; however, any four rays extending from a
single point do not have to line up into a pair of straight lines; and
without a pair of straight lines there are no supplementary angle
pairs.

69. True.

70. False. Adjacent angles do not always form straight lines; to be

adjacent, angles need to share a vertex, a side, and no interior
points. However, adjacent angles that do form a straight line are
always right angles.

71. False. Parallel lines are coplanar; skew lines are not.

34
 501 Geometry Questions

72. True. A pair of supplementary angles must measure 180. If the

pair is also congruent, they must measure 90 each. An angle that
measures 90 is a right angle.

73. True. When two lines intersect, they create four angles. The two
angles opposite each other are congruent. Adjacent angles are
supplementary. If vertical angles are acute, angles adjacent to them
must be obtuse in order to measure 180.

74. False. Vertical angles cannot be equal to or more than 180;

otherwise, they could not form supplementary angle pairs with
their adjacent angle.

75. False. Perpendicular lines form all right angles.

76. True. Adjacent interior angles form supplementary pairs; their

joint measurement is 180. Two sets of adjacent interior angles
must equal 360.

77. True. Two sets of adjacent exterior angles must equal 360.

35
 Measuring Angles
4
Had enough of angles? You havent even begun! You named angles
and determined their congruence or incongruence when two or more lines
crossed. In this chapter, you will actually measure angles using an instru-
ment called the protractor.

How to Measure an Angle Using a Protractor

Place the center point of the protractor over the angles vertex. Keeping
these points afxed, position the base of the protractor over one of the two
angle sides. Protractors have two scaleschoose the scale that starts with
0 on the side you have chosen. Where the second arm of your angle crosses
the scale on the protractor is your measurement.

How to Draw an Angle Using a Protractor

To draw an angle, rst draw a ray. The rays end point becomes the angles
vertex. Position the protractor as if you were measuring an angle. Choose
your scale and make a mark on the page at the desired measurement.
 501 Geometry Questions

Remove the protractor and connect the mark you made to the vertex with
a straight edge. Voil, you have an angle.

120

60

0 180 0 180

Adjacent Angles

Adjacent angles share a vertex, a side, and no interior points; they are
angles that lie side-by-side.
Note: Because adjacent angles share a single vertex point, adjacent angles
can be added together to make larger angles. This technique will be partic-
ularly useful when working with complementary and supplementary
angles in Chapter 5.

Set 15

Using the diagram below, measure each angle.

Q

R
A L
K

parallel

38
 501 Geometry Questions

78. LRQ

79. ART

80. KAL

81. KAB

82. LAB

Set 16

Using a protractor, draw a figure starting with question 83. Complete

the figure with question 87.

83. Draw 
EC .

84. 
ED rotates 43 counterclockwise (left) from 
EC . Draw 
ED .

85. 
EF rotates 90 counterclockwise from 
ED . Draw 
EF .

86. 
EG and 
EF are opposite rays. Draw 
EG .

87. Measure DEG.

Set 17

Choose the best answer.

88. ROT and POT are

a. supplementary angles.
b. complementary angles.
c. congruent angles.
d. adjacent angles.
e. No determination can be made.

39
 501 Geometry Questions

89. When adjacent angles RXZ and ZXA are added, they make
a. RXA.
b. XZ.
c. XRA.
d. ARX.
e. No determination can be made.

90. Adjacent angles EBA and EBC make ABC. ABC measures
132. EBA measures 81. EBC must measure
a. 213.
b. 61.
c. 51.
d. 48.
e. No determination can be made.

91. SVT and UVT are adjacent supplementary angles. SVT

measures 53. UVT must measure
a. 180.
b. 233.
c. 133.
d. 127.
e. No determination can be made.

92. AOE is a straight angle. BOE is a right angle. AOB is

a. a reexive angle.
b. an acute angle.
c. an obtuse angle.
d. a right angle.
e. No determination can be made.

Set 18

A bisector is any ray or line segment that divides an angle or another line
segment into two congruent and equal parts.
In Anglesville, Avenues A, B, and C meet at Town Hall (T). Avenues A
and C extend in opposite directions from Town Hall; they form one straight
avenue extending innitely. Avenue B is 68 from Avenue C. The Angles-
ville Town Board wants to construct two more avenues to meet at Town

40
 501 Geometry Questions

Hall, Avenues Z and Y. Avenue Y would bisect the angle between Avenues
B and C; Avenue Z would bisect the angle between Avenues A and B.

Answer the following questions using the description above.

93. What is the measure between Avenue Y and Avenue Z? What is

the special name for this angle?

94. A new courthouse opened on Avenue Y. An alley connects the

courthouse to Avenue C perpendicularly. What is the measure of
the angle between Avenue Y and the alley (the three angles inside a
closed three-sided gure equal 180)?

41
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 15

78. mLRQ = 45

79. mART = 45

80. mKAL = 174

81. mKAB = 51

82. mLAB = 135

Set 16

83.
E C

84.
D

E C

85. F
D

E C

86. F
D

E C

42
 501 Geometry Questions

87. mDEG = 90

Set 17

88. e. ROT and POT share a vertex point and one angle side.
However, it cannot be determined that they do not share any
interior points, that they form a straight line, that they form a right
angle, or that they are the same shape and size. The answer must
be choice e.

89. a. When angles are added together to make larger angles, the
vertex always remains the same. Choices c and d move the vertex
point to R; consequently, they are incorrect. Choice b does not
name the vertex at all, so it is also incorrect. Choice e is incorrect
because we are given that the angles are adjacent; we know they
share side XZ; and we know they do not share sides XR and XA.
This is enough information to determine the RXA.

90. c. EQUATION:
mABC mEBA = mEBC
132 81 = 51

91. d. EQUATION:
mSVT + mUVT = 180
53 + mUVT = 180
mUVT = 127

92. d. Draw this particular problem out; any which way you draw it,
AOB and BOE are supplementary. 90 subtracted from 180
equals 90. AOB is a right angle.

43
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 18
Map of Anglesville

Ave. B

Ave. Z
Ave. Y
CH

alley
Ave. A T Ave. C

93. Bisect means cuts in half or divides in half.

EQUATIONS:

mBTC = 68; half of mBTC = 34

mBTA = 180 mBTC

mBTA = 112; half of mBTA = 56

mZTB + mBTY = mZTY

56 + 34 = 90

YTZ is a right angle.

94. Add the alley to your drawing. mAvenue Y, Courthouse, alley is

180 (90 + mYTC) or 56.

44
 Pairs of Angles
5
Well done! Good job! Excellent work! You have mastered the use of
protractors. You can now move into an entire chapter dedicated to comple-
ments and supplements. Perhaps the three most useful angle pairs to know
in geometry are complementary, supplementary, and vertical angle pairs.

Complementary Angles

T R

45
45
O
45
27 63
45

R Q P O S

ROQ and QOP are adjacent angles OTS and TSO are
m ROQ + m QOP = 90 nonadjacent angles
mOTS + mTSO = 90
 501 Geometry Questions

When two adjacent or nonadjacent angles have a total measure of 90, they
are complementary angles.

Supplementary Angles

M L V W
130

112
68
0 50
K N U X

MOL and LON are XUV and UVW are non-

adjacent straight angles adjacent angles
mMOL + m LON = 180 mXUV + mUVW = 180

When two adjacent or nonadjacent angles have a total measure of 180 they
are supplementary angles.

Vertical Angles

P Q

S T

POT and QOS are straight angles

POQ  SOT mPOQ = mSOT
POS  QOT mPOS = mQOT

When two straight lines intersect or when two pairs of opposite rays extend
from the same endpoint, opposite angles (angles nonadjacent to each other),
they are called vertical angles. They are always congruent.

46
 501 Geometry Questions

Other Angles That Measure 180

When a line crosses a pair of parallel lines, interior angles are angles inside
the parallel lines. When three line segments form a closed gure, interior
angles are the angles inside that closed gure.
Very important: The total of a triangles three interior angles is always
180.

Set 19

Choose the best answer for questions 95 through 99 based on the fig-
ure below.

N M
97
O S
2 P
3

1
L R

T 42

95. Name the angle vertical to NOM.

a. NOL
b. KLP
c. LOP
d. MOP

96. Name the angle vertical to TLK.

a. MOR
b. NOK
c. KLT
d. MLS

47
 501 Geometry Questions

97. Name the pair of angles supplementary to NOM.

a. MOR and NOK
b. SPR and TPR
c. NOL and LOP
d. TLK and KLS

98. 1, 2, and 3 respectively measure

a. 90, 40, 140.
b. 139, 41, 97.
c. 42, 97, 41.
d. 41, 42, 83.

99. The measure of exterior OPS is

a. 139.
b. 83.
c. 42.
d. 41.

Set 20

Choose the best answer.

100. If LKN and NOP are complementary angles,

a. they are both acute.
b. they must both measure 45.
c. they are both obtuse.
d. one is acute and the other is obtuse.
e. No determination can be made.

101. If KAT and GIF are supplementary angles,

a. they are both acute.
b. they must both measure 90.
c. they are both obtuse.
d. one is acute and the other is obtuse.
e. No determination can be made.

48
 501 Geometry Questions

102. If DEF and IPN are congruent, they are

a. complementary angles.
b. supplementary angles.
c. right angles.
d. adjacent angles.
e. No determination can be made.

103. If ABE and GIJ are congruent supplementary angles, they are
a. acute angles.
b. obtuse angles.
c. right angles.
d. adjacent angles.
e. No determination can be made.

104. If EDF and HIJ are supplementary angles, and SUV and
EDF are also supplementary angles, then HIJ and SUV are
a. acute angles.
b. obtuse angles.
c. right angles.
d. congruent angles.
e. No determination can be made.

Set 21

Fill in the blanks based on your knowledge of angles and the figure
below.

P
U
1 2
A B O C D

49
 501 Geometry Questions

105. If ABT is obtuse, TBO is ________.

106. BTO and OTC are ________.

107. If POC is acute, BOP is ________.

108. If 1 is congruent to 2, then ________.

Set 22

State the relationship or sum of the angles given based on the figure
below. If a relationship cannot be determined, then state, They can-
not be determined.
l m

2 3 n
1 4
6 5

m
l

109. Measurement of 2 plus the measures of 6 and 5.

110. 1 and 3.

111. 1 and 2.

112. The sum of 5, 4, and 3.

113. 6 and 2.

114. The sum of 1, 6, and 5.

50
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 19

95. c. NOM and LOP are opposite angles formed by intersecting

lines NR and MK; thus, they are vertical angles.

96. d. TLK and MLS are opposite angles formed by intersecting

lines TS and MK; thus, they are vertical angles.

97. a. MOR and NOK are both adjacent to NOM along two
different lines. The measure of each angle added to the measure of
NOM equals that of a straight line, or 180. Each of the other
answer choices is supplementary to each other, but not to NOM.

98. c. 1 is the vertical angle to TLK, which is given. 2 is the

vertical pair to NOM, which is also given. Since vertical angles
are congruent, 1 and 2 measure 42 and 97, respectively. To
nd the measure of 3, subtract the sum of 1 and 2 from 180
(the sum of the measure of a triangles interior angles):
180 (42 + 97) = m3
41 = m3

99. a. There are two ways to nd the measure of exterior angle OPS.
The rst method subtracts the measure of 3 from 180. The
second method adds the measures of 1 and 2 together because
the measure of an exterior angle equals the sum of the two
nonadjacent interior angles. OPS measures 139.

Set 20

100. a. The sum of any two complementary angles must equal 90. Any
angle less than 90 is acute. It only makes sense that the measure of
two acute angles could add to 90. Choice b assumes both angles
are also congruent; however, that information is not given. If the
measure of one obtuse angle equals more than 90, then two
obtuse angles could not possibly measure exactly 90 together.
Choices c and d are incorrect.

51
 501 Geometry Questions

101. e. Unlike the question above, where every complementary angle

must also be acute, supplementary angles can be acute, right, or
obtuse. If an angle is obtuse, its supplement is acute. If an angle is
right, its supplement is also right. Two obtuse angles can never be
a supplementary pair, and two acute angles can never be a
supplementary pair. Without more information, this question
cannot be determined.

102. e. Complementary angles that are also congruent measure 45

each. Supplementary angles that are also congruent measure 90
each. Without more information, this question cannot be
determined.

103. c. Congruent supplementary angles always measure 90 each:

mABE = x
mGIJ = x
mABE + mGIJ = 180; replace each angle with its measure:
x + x = 180
2x = 180; divide each side by 2:
x = 90
Any 90 angle is a right angle.

104. d. When two angles are supplementary to the same angle, they are
congruent to each other:
mEDF + mHIJ =180
mEDF + mSUV = 180
mEDF + mHIJ = mSUV + mEDF; subtract mEDF
from each side:
mHIJ = mSUV

Set 21

105. Acute. ABT and TBO are adjacent angles on the same line. As
a supplementary pair, the sum of their measures must equal 180.
If one angle is more than 90, the other angle must compensate by
being less than 90. Thus if one angle is obtuse, the other angle is
acute.

52
 501 Geometry Questions

106. Adjacent complementary angles. BTO and OTC share a

side, a vertex, and no interior points; they are adjacent. The sum of
their measures must equal 90 because they form a right angle;
thus, they are complementary.

107. Obtuse. POC and POB are adjacent angles on the same line.
As a supplementary pair, the sum of their measures must equal
180. If one angle is less than 90, the other angle must
compensate by being more than 90. Thus if one angle is acute,
the other angle is obtuse.

108. SBO and OCU are congruent. When two angles are
supplementary to the same angle or angles that measure the same,
then they are congruent.

Set 22

109. Equal. Together 5 and 6 form the vertical angle pair to 2.

Consequently, the angles are congruent and their measurements
are equal.

110. A determination cannot be made. 1 and 3 may look like

vertical angles, but do not be deceived. Vertical angle pairs are
formed when lines intersect. The vertical angle to 1 is the full
angle that is opposite and between lines m and l.

111. Adjacent supplementary angles. 1 and 2 share a side, a vertex

and no interior points; they are adjacent. The sum of their
measures must equal 180 because they form a straight line; thus
they are supplementary.

112. 90. 6, 5, 4, and 3 are on a straight line. All together, they

measure 180. If 6 is a right angle, it equals 90. The remaining
three angles must equal 180 minus 90, or 90.

113. A determination cannot be made. 6 and 2 may look like

vertical angles, but vertical pairs are formed when lines intersect.
The vertical angle to 2 is the full angle that is opposite and
between lines m and l.

114. 180.

53
 Types of Triangles
6
Mathematicians have an old joke about angles being very friendly.
How so? Because they are always open! The two rays of an angle extend out
in different directions and continue on forever. On the other hand, poly-
gons are the introverts in mathematics. If you connect three or more line
segments end-to-end, what do you have? A very shy closed-gure.
B

A A B

D
C
Polygon NOT a Polygon
made of all line segments AB is not a line segment
each line segment exclusively C is not an endpoint
meets the end of another Figure ABC is not a closed figure
line segment
(AC and BC extend infinitely)
all line segments make a
closed figure
 501 Geometry Questions

Closed-gures are better known as polygons; and the simplest polygon

is the triangle. It has the fewest sides and angles that a polygon can have.
B

sid
sid

e
A side C

ABC

Sides: 
AB,  
BC and CA

Vertices: ABC, BCA, and CAB

Triangles can be one of three special types depending upon the congru-
ence or incongruence of its three sides.

Naming Triangles by Their Sides

Scalene no congruent sides no congruent angles
S

O T

SOT   
ST TO  
OS STO  TOS  OST

56
 501 Geometry Questions

Isosceles two congruent sides two congruent angles

base
K L

g
le

le
g

O
(vertex)

KLO   
KO LO LKO  KLO

Equilateral three congruent sides three congruent angles

A B

60 60

60
O

ABO   
AB 
BO  OA ABO  BOA  BAO

57
 501 Geometry Questions

Naming Triangles by Their Angles

90
right

obtuse acute

180 0
A O B
straight

Acute Triangles three acute angles

86

54 40
F O

Scalene Triangle EOF mEOF, mOFE

and mFEO < 90

70

40
70
O
D

Isosceles Triangle COD mCOD, mODC

and mDCO < 90

58
 501 Geometry Questions

A
60
60
O

60
B

Equilateral Triangle ABO mABO, mBOA

Note: Each angle is equal to 60. and mOAB < 90

Equiangular Triangle three congruent angles

N
60
60
O

60
P

Equilateral Triangle NOP NOP  OPN  PNO

Right Triangle one right angle two acute angles

T

50
hypotenuse
leg

40
S leg O

Scalene Triangle TOS mTSO = 90 mTOS and mSTO < 90

59
 501 Geometry Questions

45

leg hypotenuse

45
R Q
leg

Isosceles Triangle ORQ mORQ = 90 mROQ and mRQO < 90

Obtuse Triangle one obtuse angle two acute angles

M
24

140 16
L
O

Scalene Triangle LMO mLOM > 90 mOLM and mLMO < 90

K
25

130 25
O
J

Isosceles Triangle JKO mOJK > 90 mJKO and mKOJ < 90

Note: Some acute, equiangular, right, and obtuse triangles can also be sca-
lene, isosceles, and equilateral.

60
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 23

State the name of the triangle based on the measures given. If the
information describes a figure that cannot be a triangle, write, Can-
not be a triangle.

 = 17, mBE
115. BDE, where mBD  = 22, mD = 47 , and mB = 47.

116. QRS, where mR = 94, mQ = 22 and mS = 90.

 = 10, mXY
117. WXY, where mWX  = 10, mYW
 = 10, and
mX = 90.

118. PQR, where mP = 31 and mR = 89.

 = 72, mAD
119. ABD, where mAB  = 72 and mA = 90.

120. TAR, where m1 = 184 and m2 = 86.

121. DEZ, where m1 = 60 and m2 = 60.

122. CHI, where m1 = 30, m2 = 60 and m3 = 90.

123. JMR, where m1 = 5, m2 = 120 and m3 = 67.

 = mLM
124. KLM, where mKL  = mMK
.

Set 24

Fill in the blanks based on your knowledge of triangles and angles.

125. In right triangle ABC, if C measures 31 and A measures 90,

then B measures ________.

126. In scalene triangle QRS, if R measures 134 and Q measures

16, then S measures ________.

61
 501 Geometry Questions

127. In isosceles triangle TUV, if vertex T is supplementary to an

angle in an equilateral triangle, then base U measures ________.

128. In obtuse isosceles triangle EFG, if the base F measures 12,

then the vertex E measures ________.

129. In acute triangle ABC, if B measures 45, can C measure 30?

________.

Set 25

Choose the best answer.

130. Which of the following sets of interior angle measures would

describe an acute isosceles triangle?
a. 90, 45, 45
b. 80, 60, 60
c. 60, 60, 60
d. 60, 50, 50

131. Which of the following sets of interior angle measures would

describe an obtuse isosceles triangle?
a. 90, 45, 45
b. 90, 90, 90
c. 100, 50, 50
d. 120, 30, 30

132. Which of the following angle measurements would not describe

an interior angle of a right angle?
a. 30
b. 60
c. 90
d. 100

62
 501 Geometry Questions

133. If JNM is equilateral and equiangular, which condition would not

exist?
 = mMN
a. mJN 
  
b. JM JN
c. mN = mJ

d. mM = mNM

134. In isosceles ABC, if vertex A is twice the measure of base B,

then C measures
a. 30.
b. 33.
c. 45.
d. 90.

Set 26

Using the obtuse triangle diagram below, determine which of the pair
of angles given has a greater measure. Note: m2 = 111.

b
a c
2

1 3 d

m2 = 111

135. 1 or 2

136. 3 or d

137. a or b

138. 1 or c

63
 501 Geometry Questions

139. a or c

140. 3 or b

141. 2 or d

64
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 23

115. Isosceles acute triangle BDE. Base angles D and B are congruent.

116. Not a triangle. Any triangle can have one right angle or one
obtuse angle, not both. Triangle QRS claims to have a right
angle and an obtuse angle.

117. Not a triangle. Triangle WXY claims to be equilateral and

right; however, an equilateral triangle also has three congruent
interior angles, and no triangle can have three right angles.

118. Acute scalene triangle PQR. Subtract from 180 the sum of P
and R. Q measures 60. All three angles are acute, and all three
angles are different. PQR is acute scalene.

119. Isosceles right triangle ABD. A is a right angle and AB = AD.

120. Not a triangle. Every angle in a triangle measures less than 180.
Triangle TAR claims to have an angle that measures 184.

121. Acute equilateral triangle DEZ. Subtract from 180 the sum of
1 and 2. 3, like 1 and 2, measures 60. An equiangular
triangle is an equilateral triangle, and both are always acute.

122. Scalene right triangle CHI. 3 is a right angle; 1 and 2 are

acute; and all three sides have different lengths.

123. Not a triangle. Add the measure of each angle together. The sum
of the measure of interior angles exceeds 180.

124. Acute equilateral triangle KLM.

65
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 24

125. 59. 180 (mC + mA) = mB. 180 121 = mB. 59 = mB

126. 30. 180 (mR + mQ) = mS. 180 150 = mS. 30 = mS

127. 30. Step One: 180 60 = mT. 120 = mT. Step Two: 180
mT = mU + mV. 180 120 = mU + mV. 60 = mU +
mV. Step Three: 60 shared by two congruent base angles equals
two 30 angles.

128. 156. 180 (mF + mG) = mE. 180 24 = mE. 156 = mE

129. No. The sum of the measures of B and C equals 75. Subtract
75 from 180, and A measures 105. ABC cannot be acute if
any of its interior angles measure 90 or more.

Set 25

130. c. Choice a is not an acute triangle because it has one right angle.
In choice b, the sum of interior angle measures exceeds 180.
Choice d suffers the reverse problem; its sum does not make 180.
Though choice c describes an equilateral triangle; it also describes
an isosceles triangle.

131. d. Choice a is not an obtuse triangle; it is a right triangle. In choice

b and choice c the sum of the interior angle measures exceeds
180.

132. d. A right triangle has a right angle and two acute angles; it does
not have any obtuse angles.

133. d. Angles and sides are measured in different units. 60 inches is not
the same as 60.

134. c. Let mA = 2x, mB = x and mC = x. 2x + x + x = 180.

4x = 180. x = 45.

66
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 26

135. 2. If 2 is the obtuse angle in an obtuse triangle, 1 and 3

must be acute.

136. d. If 3 is acute, its supplement is obtuse.

137. b. b is vertical to obtuse angle 2, which means b is also

obtuse. The supplement to an obtuse angle is always acute.

138. c. The measure of an exterior angle equals the measure of the

sum of nonadjacent interior angles, which means the measure of
c equals the measure of 1 plus the measure of 3. It only makes
sense that the measure of c is greater than the measure of 1 all
by itself.

139. ma equals mc. a and c are a vertical pair. They are

congruent and equal.

140. b. b is the vertical angle to obtuse 2, which means b is also

obtuse. Just as the measure of 2 exceeds the measure of 3, so
too does the measure of b.

141. d. The measure of an exterior angle equals the measure of the

sum of nonadjacent interior angles, which means the measure of
d equals the measure of 1 plus the measure of 2. It only
makes sense that the measure of d is greater than the measure of
2 all by itself.

67
Congruent Triangles
7
Look in a regular bathroom mirror and youll see your reection. Same
shape, same size. Look at a 3 5 photograph of yourself. That is also you,
but much smaller. Look at the people around you. Unless you have a twin,
they arent you; and they do not look anything like you. In geometry, g-
ures also have their duplicates. Some triangles are exactly alike; some are
very alike, and some are not alike at all.
 501 Geometry Questions

Congruent Triangles
R
0.75
B
S 110
0.75
110 1.5
A C
1.5

Q
Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles
Are Congruent (CPCTC)
AB  RQ A  Q
BC  RS B  R
CA  SQ C  S
Same size
Same shape
Same measurements

Similar Triangles
C
1 60
B
30
2 D

60 30
A E

Corresponding Angles of Similar Triangles

Are Congruent (CASTC)
A  C
ABD  CBD
CDB  AED
Corresponding Sides of Similar Triangles
Are Proportional (CPSTP)
2 BC = 1 AB
2 BD = 1 BE
2 CD = 1 AE
Different sizes
Same shape
Different measurements, but in proportion

70
 501 Geometry Questions

Dissimilar Triangles
R

Q L

K M

S
Different sizes
Different shapes
Different measurements

The ability to show two triangles are congruent or similar is useful when
establishing relationships between different planar gures. This chapter
focuses on proving congruent triangles using formal postulatesthose
simple reversal statements that dene geometrys truths. The next chapter
will look at proving similar triangles.

Congruent Triangles

B R

A Q
C S

Side-Side-Side (SSS) Postulate: If three sides of one triangle are con-

gruent to three sides of another triangle, then the two triangles are
congruent.

71
 501 Geometry Questions

B R

included angle

A Q
C S

Side-Angle-Side (SAS) Postulate: If two sides and the included angle of

one triangle are congruent to the corresponding parts of another triangle,
then the triangles are congruent.
B R

included side

A Q
C S

Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) Postulate: If two angles and the included side

of one triangle are congruent to corresponding parts of another triangle,
the triangles are congruent.

Set 27

Choose the best answer.

142. In ABC and LMN, A and L are congruent, B and M are

congruent and C and N are congruent. Using the information
above, which postulate proves that ABC and LMN are
congruent? If congruency cannot be determined, choose choice d.
a. SSS
b. SAS
c. ASA
d. It cannot be determined.

72
 501 Geometry Questions

143. The Springeld cheerleaders need to make three identical

triangles. The girls decide to use an arm length to separate each
girl from her two other squad mates. Which postulate proves that
their triangles are congruent? If congruency cannot be determined,
choose choice d.
a. SSS
b. SAS
c. ASA
d. It cannot be determined.

144. Two sets of the same book are stacked triangularly against opposite
walls. Both sets must look exactly alike. They are twelve books
high against the wall, and twelve books from the wall. Which
postulate proves that the two stacks are congruent? If congruency
cannot be determined, choose choice d.
a. SSS
b. SAS
c. ASA
d. It cannot be determined.

Set 28

Use the figure below to answer questions 145 through 148.

M

Given:
O
50 X LN  QO
60
50
LM  QO
L R K N

60
Q
P

145. Name each of the triangles in order of corresponding vertices.

146. Name corresponding line segments.

73
 501 Geometry Questions

147. State the postulate that proves LMN is congruent to OPQ.

148. Find the measure of X.

Set 29

Use the figure below to answer questions 149 through 152.

C

B 1.5

F
1.5
110

1.5

1.5
D
G
y
E

149. Name each of the triangles in order of corresponding vertices.

150. Name corresponding line segments.

151. State the postulate that proves BCD is congruent to EFG.

152. Find the measure of y.

Set 30

Use the figure below to answer questions 153 through 156.

B E H

2
Z
A C D F G I
3 2 2 3 2

153. Name each set of congruent triangles in order of corresponding

vertices.

74
 501 Geometry Questions

154. Name corresponding line segments.

155. State the postulate that proves ABC is congruent to GEF.

156. Find the measure of Z.

Set 31

Use the figure below to answer questions 157 through 160.

I Given:

JI  LM
GJ  KL
K GI  KM  IM
G
V 60
25
J
M

157. Name a set of congruent triangles in order of corresponding vertices.

158. Name corresponding line segments.

159. State the postulate that proves GIJ is congruent to KML.

160. Find the measure of V.

75
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 32

Use the diagram below to answer questions 161 through 163.

B O G

x
K H

161. In the gure above, which triangles are congruent? What postulate
proves it?

162. HGO is a ________ triangle.

163. x measures ________ degrees.

76
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 27

142. d. Congruency cannot be determined. In later chapters you will

learn more about similar triangles; but in this chapter you need to
know that congruent angles are not enough to prove triangles are
congruent.

143. a. As long as the arm lengths are consistent, there will be only one
way to form those cheering triangles.

144. b. Do not be afraid to sketch this problem if you are having

difculty visualizing it. The wall and oor plane form a right
angle. The legs of each stack measure 12 books. Both stacks are
right triangles with leg lengths of 12 and 12.

Set 28

145. LMN and OPQ. (Always coordinate corresponding vertices.)

  OP
146. LM 
  PQ
MN 
 
NL  QO
(Always coordinate corresponding endpoints.)

147. Angle-Side-Angle postulate: N  Q

  QO
LN 
L  O

148. x = 20. When a transversal crosses a pair of parallel lines,

corresponding angles are congruent; so, ORN measures 50.
OKR measures 80, and OKRs supplement, OKN, measures
100. Finally, 180 (100 + 60) = 20.

77
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 29

149. CDB and EFG. (Remember to align corresponding vertices.)

  EF
150. CD 
  FG
DB 
  GE
BC 
(Always coordinate corresponding endpoints.)

151. Side-Angle-Side Postulate: 

BD  
FG
D  F

CD  
EF

152. mY = 145. EFG is an isosceles triangle whose vertex measures

110. Both base angles measure half the difference of 110 from
180, or 35. mY = mF + mG; mY = 110 + 35.

Set 30

153. There are two sets of congruent triangles in this question.

ABC and GEF make one set. DBC, DEF, and GHI make
the second set. (Remember to align corresponding vertices.)

  GE
154. Set one: AB ,  , CA
BC  EF   
FG
  
Set two: DB DE  
GH
  
BC  EF  HI

DC  
DF  
GI

155. Side-Angle-Side:
Set one:   
BC EF, BCA  EFG, 
CA  
FG
Set two:   
BC  EF  HI
BCD  EFD  I
  
CD FD  IG

156. mZ = 90. DBC and DEF are isosceles right triangles, which
means the measures of BDC and EDF both equal 45. 180
(mBDC + mEDF) = mZ. 180 90 = mZ.

78
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 31

157. KML and GIJ. (Remember to align corresponding

vertices.)

  GI
158. KM 
  IJ
ML 
  JG
LK 
(Always coordinate corresponding endpoints.)

159. Side-Side-Side: 
KM  
GI
  
ML IJ
 
LK  JG

160. mV = 42.5. IMK is an isosceles triangle. Its vertex angle

measures 25; its base angles measure 77.5 each. 180 (mIKM +
mMKL) = mJKL. 180 (77.5 + 60) = mJKL. mJKL = 42.5.

Set 32

161. KBO and HGO are congruent; Side-Angle-Side postulate.

162. isosceles right triangle

163. 45

79
 Ratio, Proportion,
8
and Similarity

If congruent triangles are like mirrors or identical twins, then simi-

lar triangles are like fraternal twins: They are not exactly the same; however,
they are very related. Similar triangles share congruent angles and congru-
ent shapes. Only their sizes differ. So, when does size matter? In geometry,
oftenif its proportional.

Similar Triangles
F

A E
C G

Angle-Angle (AA) Postulate: If two angles of one triangle are congruent

to two angles of another triangle, then the triangles are similar.
 501 Geometry Questions

3 1 3

A 2 6 E
C G

See Ratios and Proportions

AB : EF = 3:9

BC : FG = 1:3

CA : GE = 2:6

3:9 = 2:6 = 1:3

Reduce each ratio,

1:3 = 1:3 = 1:3

Side-Side-Side (SSS) Postulate: If the lengths of the corresponding sides

of two triangles are proportional, then the triangles are similar.

82
 501 Geometry Questions

F
includedangle

12

3 1 4

A E
C G

See Ratios and Proportions

AB : EF = 3:12

BC : FG = 1:4

3:12 = 1:4

Reduce each ratio,

1:4 = 1:4

Side-Angle-Side (SAS) Postulate: If the lengths of two pairs of corre-

sponding sides of two triangles are proportional and the corresponding
included angles are congruent, then the triangles are similar.

Ratios and Proportions

A ratio is a statement comparing any two quantities. If I have 10 bikes and

you have 20 cars, then the ratio of my bikes to your cars is 10 to 20. This
ratio can be simplied to 1 to 2 by dividing each side of the ratio by the
greatest common factor (in this case, 10). Ratios are commonly written with
a colon between the sets of objects being compared.

10:20
1:2

A proportion is a statement comparing two equal ratios. The ratio of my

blue pens to my black pens is 7:2; I add four more black pens to my collec-
tion. How many blue pens must I add to maintain the same ratio of blue

83
 501 Geometry Questions

pens to black pens in my collection? The answer: 14 blue pens. Compare

the ratios:

7:2 = 21:6,

If you reduce the right side, the proportion reads 7:2 = 7:2

A proportion can also be written as a fraction:

7

2 = 261

Proportions and ratios are useful for nding unknown sides of similar tri-
angles because corresponding sides of similar triangles are always propor-
tional.

Caution: When writing a proportion, always line up like ratios. The ratio 7:2
is not equal to the ratio 6:21!

Set 33

Choose the best answer.

164. If DFG and JKL are both right and isosceles, which postulate
proves they are similar?
a. Angle-Angle
b. Side-Side-Side
c. Side-Angle-Side
d. Angle-Side-Angle

165. In ABC, side AB measures 16 inches. In similar EFG,

corresponding side EF measures 24 inches. State the ratio of side
AB to side EF.
a. 2:4
b. 2:3
c. 2:1
d. 8:4

84
 501 Geometry Questions

166. Use the gure below to nd a proportion to solve for x.

12

55

6
55
12

6
45
55 55 45

x
20
12 20
 =
a. 6 (20 
x)
12
b. 
20 = 6x
20
c. 
12 = 6x
12
d. 
6 = 2x0

 measures 10 inches while

167. In similar triangles UBE and ADF, UB
corresponding 
AD measures 2 inches. If 
BE measures 30 inches,

then corresponding DF measures
a. 150 inches.
b. 60 inches.
c. 12 inches.
d. 6 inches.

85
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 34

Use the figure below to answer questions 168 through 171.

R

22
N

11

O
20

17

34
M

168. Name each of the triangles in order of their corresponding

vertices.

169. Name corresponding line segments.

170. State the postulate that proves similarity.

.
171. Find RQ

86
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 35

Use the figure below to answer questions 172 through 175.

W X
50 70

A
50

Y B
70

172. Name a pair of similar triangles in order of corresponding vertices.

173. Name corresponding line segments.

174. State the postulate that proves similarity.

 and 
175. Prove that WX YB are parallel.

Set 36

Use the figure below to answer questions 176 through 179.

A 5X B X C
50 50 50

176. Name a pair of similar triangles in order of corresponding vertices.

87
 501 Geometry Questions

177. Name corresponding line segments.

178. State the postulate that proves similarity.

.
179. Find AE

Set 37

Fill in the blanks with a letter from a corresponding figure in the box
below.
Triangle A Triangle B Triangle C Triangle D

60 60 30 62
20 2 20 36

30 60 60 10
39
a b c d

Triangle E Triangle F Triangle G Triangle H

5 12 10

36 54 90 36 108 60 60

10 13
e f g h

Triangle I Triangle J Triangle K Triangle L

54 60 108
5 2 2 36

90 30 90 62

i 5 k l
j

180. Choice ________ is congruent to A.

181. Choice ________ is similar to A.

182. Choice ________ is congruent to B.

183. Choice ________ is similar to B.

184. Choice ________ is congruent to E.

88
 501 Geometry Questions

185. Choice ________ is similar to E.

186. Choice ________ is congruent to D.

187. Choice ________ is similar to D.

188. Triangle(s)________ are right triangles.

189. Triangle(s)________ are equilateral triangles.

89
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 33

164. a. The angles of a right isosceles triangle always measure 45 45

90. Since at least two corresponding angles are congruent, right
isosceles triangles are similar.

165. b. A ratio is a comparison. If one side of a triangle measures 16

inches, and a corresponding side in another triangle measures 24
inches, then the ratio is 16:24. This ratio can be simplied by
dividing each side of the ratio by the common factor 8. The
comparison now reads, 2:3 or 2 to 3. Choices a, c, and d simplify
into the same incorrect ratio of 2:1 or 1:2.

166. d. When writing a proportion, corresponding parts must parallel

each other. The proportions in choices b and c are misaligned.
Choice a looks for the line segment 20 x, not x.

167. d. First, state the ratio between similar triangles; that ratio is 10:2
or 5:1. The ratio means that a line segment in the larger triangle is
always 5 times more than the corresponding line segment in a
similar triangle. If the line segment measures 30 inches, it is 5
times more than the corresponding line segment. Create the
equation: 30 = 5x. x = 6.

Set 34

168. OQR and OMN. (Remember to align corresponding vertices.)

 and 
169. Corresponding line segments are OQ  and 
OM; QR MN;
 and 
RO NO. Always coordinate corresponding endpoints.

170. Side-Angle-Side. The sides of similar triangles are not congruent;

they are proportional. If the ratio between corresponding line-
 and NO
segments, RO  is 22:11, or 2:1, and the ratio between
corresponding line segments QO  and MO is also 2:1, they are
proportional.

90
 501 Geometry Questions

171. x = 40. From the last question, you know the ratio between similar
triangles OQR and OMN is 2:1. That ratio means that a line
segment in the smaller triangle is half the size of the corresponding
line segment in the larger triangle. If that line segment measures
20 inches, it is half the size of the corresponding line segment.
Create the equation: 20 = 12x. x = 40.

Set 35

172. WXY and AYB. (Remember to align corresponding vertices.)

 and 
173. Corresponding line segments are WX  and YB
AY; XY ;

YW and 
BA. Always coordinate corresponding endpoints.

174. Angle-Angle postulate. Since there are no side measurements to

compare, only an all-angular postulate can prove triangle
similarity.

175. 
XY acts like a transversal across 
WX and 
BY. When alternate
interior angles are congruent, then lines are parallel. In this case,
WXY and BYA are congruent alternate interior angles. WX 

and BY are parallel.

Set 36

176. AEC and BDC. (Remember to align corresponding vertices.)

 and 
177. Corresponding line segments are AE  and DC
BD; EC ;

CA and 
CB. Always coordinate corresponding endpoints.

178. Angle-Angle postulate. Though it is easy to overlook, vertex C

applies to both triangles.

179. x = 42. This is a little tricky. When you state the ratio between
triangles, remember that corresponding sides AC  and BC share

part of a line segment. AC actually measures 5x + x, or 6x. The
ratio is 6x:1x, or 6:1. If the side of the smaller triangle measures 7,
then the corresponding side of the larger triangle will measure 6
times 7, or 42.

91
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 37

180. c. Because the two angles given in A are 30 and 60, the third
angle in A is 90. Like A, choices c and i also have angles that
measure 30, 60, and 90. According to the Angle-Angle
postulate, at least two congruent angles prove similarity. To be
congruent, an included side must also be congruent. A and the
triangle in choice c have congruent hypotenuses. They are
congruent.

181. i. In the previous answer, choice c was determined to be congruent

to A because of congruent sides. In choice i, the triangles
hypotenuse measures 5; it has the same shape as A but is smaller;
consequently, they are not congruent triangles; they are only
similar triangles.

182. k. B is an equilateral triangle. Choices h and k are also equilateral

triangles (an isosceles triangle whose vertex measures 60 must also
have base angles that measure 60). However, only choice k and
B are congruent because of congruent sides.

183. h. Choice h has the same equilateral shape as B, but they are
different sizes. They are not congruent; they are only similar.

184. j. The three angles in E measure 36, 54, and 90. Choices f and
j also have angles that measure 36, 54, and 90. According to the
Angle-Angle postulate, at least two congruent angles prove sim-
ilarity. To be congruent, an included side must also be congruent.
The line segments between the 36 and 90 angles in choices j and
e are congruent.

185. f. Choice f has the same right scalene shape as E, but they are not
congruent; they are only similar.

186. l. The three angles in D respectively measure 62, 10, and 108.
Choice l has a set of corresponding and congruent angles, which
proves similarity; but choice l also has an included congruent side,
which proves congruency.

92
 501 Geometry Questions

187. g. Choice g has only one given angle; the Side-Angle-Side

postulate proves it is similar to D. The sides on either side of the
108 angle are proportional and the included angle is obviously
congruent.

188. a, c, e, f, i, j. Any triangle with a 90 interior angle is a right

triangle.

189. b, h, k. Any triangle with congruent sides and congruent angles is

an equilateral, equiangular triangle.

93
 Triangles and the
9
Pythagorean Theorem

In Chapters 7 and 8, you found the unknown sides of a triangle using

the known sides of similar and congruent triangles. To nd an unknown
side of a single right triangle, you will need the Pythagorean theorem.
To use the Pythagorean theorem, you must know squaresnot the four-
sided gurebut a number times itself. A number multiplied by itself is
raised to the second power.

4 4 = 16

42(exponent) (base) = 16

Pythagorean Theorem

a2 + b2 = c2
 501 Geometry Questions

leg
a

leg c a b
a hypotenuse hypotenuse
c c
leg

b b
leg leg

The longest side is always the hypotenuse;

therefore the longest side is always c.

.
Find hypotenuse QR

R
c=?

Q
b=4

a=3

a2 + b2 = c2

32 + 42 = c2

9 + 16 = c2

25 = c2

Take the square root of each side:

 = c2
25

5=c

96
 501 Geometry Questions

.
Find KL

K a=? L

b=1
c = 2

a2 + b2 = c2

)2
a2 + 12 = (2

a2 + 1 = 2

a2 = 1

Take the square root of each side:

a2 = 1


.
Find CD

D a = 20
E
b=?

c = 40

a2 + b2 = c2

202 + b2 = 402

400 + b2 = 1,600

b2 = 1,200

97
 501 Geometry Questions

Take the square root of each side:

b2 = 1,200



b = 203

The Pythagorean theorem can only nd a side of a right triangle. How-

ever, if all the sides of any given triangle are known, but none of the angles
are known, the Pythagorean theorem can tell you whether that triangle is
obtuse or acute.
Is GHI obtuse or acute?
H

c = 12

b=8
G
a=6 I

a2 + b2 c2

62 + 82 122

36 + 64 144

100 < 144,

Therefore, GHI is obtuse.

98
 501 Geometry Questions

Is JKL obtuse or acute?

K

a=2 c=2

J L
b=2

a2 + b2 c2

22 + 22 22

4+4 4

8 > 4

Therefore, JKL is acute.

Set 38

Choose the best answer.

190. If the sides of a triangle measure 3, 4, and 5, then the triangle is

a. acute.
b. right.
c. obtuse.
d. It cannot be determined.

191. If the sides of a triangle measure 12, 16, and 20, then the triangle is
a. acute.
b. right.
c. obtuse.
d. It cannot be determined.

99
 501 Geometry Questions

192. If the sides of a triangle measure 15, 17, and 22, then the triangle is
a. acute.
b. right.
c. obtuse.
d. It cannot be determined.

193. If the sides of a triangle measure 6, 16, and 26, then the triangle is
a. acute.
b. right.
c. obtuse.
d. It cannot be determined.

194. If the sides of a triangle measure 12, 12, and 15, then the triangle is
a. acute.
b. right.
c. obtuse.
d. It cannot be determined.

195. If two sides of a triangle measure 4 and 14, and an angle measures
34, then the triangle is
a. acute.
b. right.
c. obtuse.
d. It cannot be determined.

196. If the sides of a triangle measure 2, 3, and 16, then the triangle is
a. acute.
b. right.
c. obtuse.
d. It cannot be determined.

100
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 39

Choose the best answer.

197. Eva and Carr meet at a corner. Eva turns 90 left and walks 5
paces; Carr continues straight and walks 6 paces. If a line segment
connected them, it would measure
a. 22
 paces.
b. 25
 paces.
c. 36
 paces.
d. 61
 paces.

198. The legs of a table measure 3 feet long and the top measures 4 feet
long. If the legs are connected to the table at a right angle, then
what is the distance between the bottom of each leg and the end of
the tabletop?
a. 5 feet
b. 7 feet
c. 14 feet
d. 25 feet

199. Dorothy is standing directly 300 meters under a plane. She sees
another plane ying straight behind the rst. It is 500 meters away
from her, and she has not moved. How far apart are the planes
from each other?
a. 40 meters
b. 400 meters
c. 4,000 meters
d. 40,000 meters

200. Timmy arranges the walls of his shed on the ground. The base of
the rst side measures 10 feet. The base of the second side
measures 15 feet. If the walls are at a right angle from each other,
the measure from the end of one side to the end of the second side
equals
a. 35 feet.
b. 50 feet.
c. 225
 feet.
d. 325
 feet.

101
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 40

Use the figure below to answer questions 201 through 203.

C
Given:
CD  BD
FD  FE  BT  BS  DT
4 
18
3x

T
B D

S E F

201. Which triangles in the gure above are congruent and/or similar?

202. Find the value of x.

203. Find the value of y.

Set 41

Use the figure below to answer questions 204 through 206.

S U V W
Given:
SU  VU
SV  ZY
SZ  SY  VY  WX
UY = 7
SY = 5
2
Z a Y X

204. Which triangles in the gure above are congruent and/or similar?

205. Find the value of a.

206. Is ZSY acute or obtuse?

102
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 42

Use the figure below to answer questions 207 through 209.

A x B C
Given:

AE  CE
x
132 FE  ED

2
F D
1
E

207. Which triangles in the gure above are congruent and/or similar?

208. Find the value of x.

209. Find AC.

Set 43

Use the figure below to answer questions 210 through 215.

B Given:

AE  CE
y
Z AF  BG
F
710 AB  CB
x
BF  CG

A C FE  GE
E G
3 EC = w
152
D

210. Which triangles in the gure above are congruent and/or similar?

103
 501 Geometry Questions

211. Find the value of w.

212. Find the value of x.

213. Find the value of y.

214. Find the value of Z.

215. Is BGC acute or obtuse?

104
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 38

190. b. This is a popular triangle, so know it well. A 3-4-5 triangle is a

right triangle. Apply the Pythagorean theorem: a2 + b2 = c2. 32 + 42
= 52. 9 + 16 = 25. 25 = 25.

191. b. This is also a 345 triangle. Simplify the measurement of each

side by dividing 12, 16, and 20 by 4: 142 = 3. 146 = 4. 240 = 5.

192. a. Plug the given measurements into the Pythagorean theorem

(the largest side is always c in the theorem): 152 + 172 = 222. 225 +
289 = 484. 514 > 484. When the sum of the smaller sides squared is
greater than the square of the largest side, then the triangle is
acute.

193. c. Plug the given measurements into the Pythagorean theorem:

62 + 162 = 262. 36 + 256 = 676. 292 < 676. When the sum of the
smaller sides squared is less than the square of the largest side,
then the triangle is obtuse.

194. a. Plug the given measurements into the Pythagorean theorem:

122 + 122 = 152. 144 + 144 = 225. 288 > 225. Acute.

195. d. The Pythagorean theorem does not include any angles. Without
a third side or a denite right angle, this triangle cannot be
determined.

196. c. Plug the given measurements into the Pythagorean theorem:

22 + 32 = 162. 4 + 9 = 256. 13 < 256. Obtuse.

197. d. The corner forms the right angle of this triangle; Eva and Carr
walk the distance of each leg, and the question wants to know the
hypotenuse. Plug the known measurements into the Pythagorean
theorem: 52 + 62 = c2. 25 + 36 = c2. 61 = c2. 61 = c.

198. a. The connection between the leg and the tabletop forms the
right angle of this triangle.The length of the leg and the length of

105
 501 Geometry Questions

the top are the legs of the triangle, and the question wants to know
the distance of the hypotenuse. Plug the known measurements into
the Pythagorean theorem: 32 + 42 = c2. 9 + 16 = c2. 25 = c2. 5 = c.
If you chose answer d, you forgot to take the square root of the 25.
If you chose answer b, you added the legs together without
squaring them rst.

199. b. The rst plane is actually this triangles right vertex. The
distance between Dorothy and the second plane is the hypotenuse.
Plug the known measurements into the Pythagorean theorem:
3002 + b2 = 5002. 90,000 + b2 = 250,000. b2 = 160,000. b = 400.
Notice that if you divided each side by 100, this is another 3-4-5
triangle.

200. d. The bases of Timmys walls form the legs of this right triangle.
The hypotenuse is unknown. Plug the known measurements into
the Pythagorean theorem: 102 + 152 = c2. 100 + 225 = c2. 325 = c2.
325
 = c.

Set 40

201. SBT and EFD are congruent to each other (Side-Angle-

Side theorem) and similar to BDC (Angle-Angle theorem).

 is con-
202. x = 4. Because BCD is an isosceles right triangle, BD
. Plug 3x, 3x, and 418
gruent to CD  into the Pythagorean
2 2
theorem: (3x) + (3x) = (418) . 9x2 + 9x2 = 288.
2

18x2 = 288. x2 = 16. x = 4.

. In the question above, you found x = 4. Therefore, BD =

203. y = 62
12. Since BT = DT, they both equal 6. Since BT = FD = FE, FD =
FE = 6. Plug 6, 6, and y into the Pythagorean theorem.

106
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 41

204. SUY is congruent to VUY (Side-Side-Side theorem).

 + UV
205. a = 2. SU  = ZY
.  . To nd the measure of SU
SU = UV , plug
the given measurements of SUY into the Pythagorean theorem.
)2 49 + b2 = 50. b2 = 1. b = 1
72 + b2 = (52  = 1. a = 1 + 1.

206. Acute. ZSY is an isosceles triangle. Two of its sides measure

52. The third side measures 2. Plug the given measures into the
Pythagorean theorem. 22 + (52 )2 = (52)2. Thus, 4 + 50 = 50;
54 > 50. Therefore, ZSY is acute.

Set 42

207. ACE is similar to FDE (Angle-Angle theorem). Both

triangles are isosceles, and they share a common vertex point.
Ultimately, all their angles are congruent.

208. x = 13. Even though you dont know the measurement of x in

ABF, you do know that two sides measure x. Plug the measure-
ments of ABF into the Pythagorean theorem. x2 + x2 = (132)2.
2x2 = 338. x2 = 169. x = 13.

 + 2. The ratio between corresponding line segments A

209. 262 E and
E
F is 132
 + 1:1. Since F
D
 = 2, AC is twice the size of AE.

Set 43

210. AFE and BGE are congruent (Side-Side-Side postulate).

ABF and BCG are congruent (Side-Side-Side postulate).

211. w = 21. Plug the measurements of ECD into the Pythagorean

)2. 9 + w2 = 450. w2 = 441. w = 21.
theorem: 32 + w2 = (152

212. x = 7. Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent

(CPCTC). If EC is 21, then EA
 is also 21. Plug the measurements
of AFE into the Pythagorean theorem: 212 + x2 = (710 )2.
441 + x2 = 490. x2 = 49. x = 7.

107
 501 Geometry Questions

213. y = 14. Because of CPCTC,  . If 

AE is also congruent to BE BE is
 is 7, subtract 7 from 21 to nd BF
21 and FE . 21 7 = 14.

. Plug the measurements of BEC into the Pythagorean

214. Z = 212
 = Z.
theorem: 212 + 212 = Z2. 441 + 441 = Z2. 882 = Z2. 212

215. Obtuse. You could just guess that mBGC > 90. However, the
question wants you to use the Pythagorean theorem to show
)2 + 142 < (212
(710 )2.

108
 10
Properties of
Polygons

A triangle has three sides and three vertices. As a rule, there is a ver-
tex for every side of a polygon. Consecutive sides are adjoining sides of a
polygon, and consecutive vertices are vertices that are at opposite ends of
a side:

A B
1
2

4
D 3 C

sides: AB, BC, CD, DA

vertices: DAB, ABC, BCD, CDA
interior s: DAB, ABC, BCD, CDA
exterior s: 1, 2, 3, 4
diagonals: AC, BD
 501 Geometry Questions

Naming Polygons

A B
1 2
H C
8 3

G 7 4
D
6 5
F E

Regular Octagon ABCDEFGH

sides: AB = BC = CD = DE = EF = FG = GH = HA
interior s: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Regular polygons are polygons that are equilateral and equiangular.

B

A C

mA, B, C, D, E, < 180,

therefore polygon ABCDE is convex.

110
 501 Geometry Questions

A C

D
G
E

mD > 180, therefore polygon ABCDEFG is concave.

Vertices of a convex polygon all point outwards (all regular polygons are
also convex polygons). If any of the vertices of a polygon point inward or if
the measure of any vertex exceeds 180, the polygon is a concave polygon.
Count the polygons sides. A three-sided gure is a triangle. A four-sided
gure is a quadrilateral. Five-sided gures or more take special prexes:
Five-sided PENTAgon
Six-sided HEXAgon
Seven-sided HEPTAgon
Eight-sided OCTAgon
Nine-sided NONAgon
Ten-sided DECAgon
Twelve-sided DODECAgon

SET 44

State whether the object is or is not a polygon and why. (Envision

each of these objects as simply as possible, otherwise there will always
be exceptions.)

216. a rectangular city block

217. Manhattans grid of city blocks

218. branches of a tree

219. the block letter M carved into the tree

111
 501 Geometry Questions

220. outline of a television

221. a human face on the TV

222. an ergonomic chair

223. lace

Set 45

Use the diagram below to answer questions 224 through 226.

B C

D
O

224. Name the polygon. Is it convex or concave?

225. How many diagonals can be drawn from vertex O?

226. How many sides does the polygon have? Based on its number of
sides, this polygon is a ________.

112
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 46

Use the diagram below to answer questions 227 through 229.

L M

O N

Q P

227. Name the polygon. Is it convex or concave?

228. How many diagonals can be drawn from vertex O?

229. How many sides does the polygon have? Based on its number of
sides, this polygon is a ________.

Set 47

Use the diagram below to answer questions 230 through 232.

V

U W

S X

Z O

230. Name the polygon. Is it convex or concave?

231. How many diagonals can be drawn from vertex O?

113
 501 Geometry Questions

232. How many sides does the polygon have? Based on its number of
sides, this polygon is a ________.

Set 48

Use the diagram below to answer questions 233 through 235.

I Given:
H J HI  IJ  JK 
KL  LM  MN 
P K NO  OP  PH

O L

N M

233. Name the polygon. Is it convex or concave?

234. How many diagonals can be drawn from vertex O?

235. How many sides does the polygon have? Based on its number of
sides, this polygon is a ________.

Set 49

Use your knowledge of polygons to fill in the blank.

 and DE
236. In polygon CDEFG, CD  are ________.

, DF
237. In polygon CDEFG, CE  and EG
 are ________.

238. In polygon CDEFG, EFG is also ________.

239. In polygon CDEFG, DEF and EFG are ________.

114
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 50

Use diagonals to draw the triangles below.

C

B D

G F

240. How many triangles can be drawn in the accompanying polygon at

one time?

241. Determine the sum of the polygons interior angles using the
number of triangles; verify your answer by using the formula
s = 180(n 2), where s is the sum of the interior angles and n is
the number of sides the polygon has.
K L

P M

N
242. How many triangles can be drawn in the accompanying polygon at
one time?

243. Determine the sum of the polygons interior angles using the
number of triangles; then apply the formula s = 180 (n 2) to verify
your answer.

115
 501 Geometry Questions

U
V

T W

S X

Z Y
An irregular octagon

244. How many triangles can be drawn in the accompanying polygon at

one time?

245. Determine the sum of the polygons interior angles using the
number of triangles; then apply the formula s = 180 (n 2) to verify
your answer.

116
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 44

216. Polygon. A single city block is a closed four-sided gure; each of

its corners is a vertex.

217. Not a polygon. A grid is not a polygon because its lines intersect
at points that are not endpoints.

218. Not a polygon. Branches are open, and they branch out at
points that are also not endpoints.

219. Polygon. Block letters are closed multi-sided gures; each of its
line segments begin and end at an endpoint.

220. Polygon. A classic television screen is rectangular; it has four sides

and four vertices.

221. Not a polygon. The human face is very complex, but primarily it
has few if any straight line segments.

222. Not a polygon. An ergonomic chair is a chair designed to contour

to your body. It is usually curved to support the natural curves of
the hip and spine.

223. Not a polygon. Like the human face, lace is very intricate. Unlike
the human face, lace has lots of line segments that meet at lots of
different points.

Set 45

224. Polygon ABCDOE. As long as you list the vertices in consecutive

order, any one of these names will do: BCDOEA, CDOEAB,
DOEABC, OEABCD, EABCDO. Also, polygon ABCDOE is
concave because the measure of vertex O exceeds 180.

225. Three diagonals can be drawn from vertex O:  , OC

OA, OB .
 and 
OD OE are not diagonals; they are sides.

117
 501 Geometry Questions

226. Polygon ABCOE has six sides; it is a hexagon.

Set 46

227. Polygon OLMNPQ. As long as you list their vertices in

consecutive order, any one of these names will do: LMNPQO,
MNPQOL, NPQOLM, PQOLMN, QOLMNP. Also, polygon
OLMNPQ is concave because vertex N exceeds 180.

228. Three diagonals can be drawn from vertex O:  , OP

OM, ON .

229. Polygon OLMNPQ has 6 sides; it is a hexagon.

Set 47

230. Polygon SUVWXOYZ. If you list every vertex in consecutive

order, then your name for the polygon given is correct. Also,
polygon SUVWXOYZ is concave. The measures of vertices U,
W, O and Z exceed 180.

231. Five diagonals can be drawn from vertex O:  , OU

OZ, OS ,
 .
OV, OW

232. Polygon SUVWXOYZ has eight sides; it is an octagon.

Set 48

233. Polygon HIJKLMNOP. List every vertex in consecutive order

and your answer is correct. Also, polygon HIJKLMNOP is
regular and convex.

234. Six diagonals can be drawn from vertex O:  , OJ

OH, OI , OK
,

OL, and 
OM.

235. Polygon HIJKLMNOP has nine sides; it is a nonagon.

118
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 49


236. Consecutive sides. Draw polygon CDEFG to see that yes, CD
 are consecutive sides.
and DE

237. Diagonals. When a line segment connects nonconsecutive end-

points in a polygon, it is a diagonal.

238. GFE or F.

239. Consecutive vertices. Look back at the drawing you made of

polygon CDEFG. You can see that E and F are consecutive
vertices.

Set 50

For solutions to 240 and 241, refer to image below.

C

B D

F
G

240. At any one time, three triangles can be drawn in polygon

BCDFG. Remember when drawing your triangles that a diagonal
must go from endpoint to endpoint.

241. The interior angles of a convex pentagon will always measure

540 together. If the interior angles of a triangle measure 180
together, then three sets of interior angles measure 180 3, or
540. Apply the formula s = 180 (n 2). s = 180(5 2). s = 180(3).
s = 540.

119
 501 Geometry Questions

For solutions to 242 and 243, refer to the image below.

K L

P M

242. At any one time, three triangles can be drawn in polygon

KLMNP.

243. 180 3 = 540. Apply the formula s = 180(n 2). Again, s = 540.
You have again conrmed that the interior angles of a convex
pentagon will always measure 540 together.

For solutions to 244 and 245, refer to the image below.

U
V

T W

S X

Z Y

244. At any one time, six triangles can be drawn in polygon

STUVWXYZ.

245. 180 6 = 1080. Apply the formula s = 180(n 2). s = 180(8 2).
s = 180(6). s = 1,080.

120
 11
Quadrilaterals

As you would guess, triangles are not squares. Neither are parallelo-
grams, rectangles, or rhombuses. But squares are rhombuses, rectangles,
and parallelograms. How can this be?
Parallelograms, rectangles, rhombuses, and squares are all members of a
four-sided polygon family called the quadrilaterals. Each member has a
unique property that makes it distinctive from its fellow members. A square
shares all those unique properties, making it the most unique quadrilateral.
Below are those particular characteristics that make each quadrilateral an
individual.
Quadrilateral Four-sided gure
Parallelogram Four-sided gure
Two pairs of parallel lines
Opposite sides are congruent
Opposite angles are congruent
Consecutive angles are supplementary
Diagonals bisect each other
Rectangle Four-sided gure
Two pairs of parallel lines
Opposite sides are congruent
All angles are congruent
Consecutive angles are supplementary
Diagonals bisect each other
Diagonals are congruent
 501 Geometry Questions

Rhombus Four-sided gure

Two pairs of parallel lines
All sides are congruent
Opposite angles are congruent
Consecutive angles are supplementary
Diagonals bisect each other
Diagonals bisect the angle of a rhombus
Diagonals form perpendicular lines
Square Four-sided gure
Two pairs of parallel lines
All sides are congruent
All angles are congruent
Consecutive angles are supplementary
Diagonals bisect each other
Diagonals are congruent
Diagonals bisect the angle of a square
Diagonals form perpendicular lines
Trapezoid Four-sided figure
One pair of parallel lines
Isosceles Trapezoid Four-sided gure
One pair of parallel lines
Base angles are congruent
Congruent legs
Congruent diagonals

Set 51

Choose the best answer.

246. The sides of Marys chalkboard consecutively measure 9 feet, 5

feet, 9 feet and 5 feet. Without any other information, you can
determine that Marys chalkboard is a
a. rectangle.
b. rhombus.
c. parallelogram.
d. square.

122
 501 Geometry Questions

247. Four line segments connected end-to-end will always form

a. an open gure.
b. four interior angles that measure 360.
c. a square.
d. It cannot be determined.

248. A square whose vertices are the midpoints of another square is

a. congruent to the other square.
b. half the size of the other square.
c. twice the size of the other square.
d. It cannot be determined.

249. The sides of a square measure 2.5 feet each. If three squares t
perfectly side-by-side in one rectangle, what are the minimum
dimensions of the rectangle?
a. 5 feet, 2.5 feet
b. 7.5 feet, 7.5 feet
c. 7.5 feet, 3 feet
d. 7.5 feet, 2.5 feet

250. A rhombus, a rectangle, and an isosceles trapezoid all have

a. congruent diagonals.
b. opposite congruent sides.
c. interior angles that measure 360.
d. opposite congruent angles.

251. A gure with four sides and four congruent angles could be a
a. rhombus or square.
b. rectangle or square.
c. trapezoid or rhombus.
d. rectangle or trapezoid.

252. A gure with four sides and perpendicular diagonals could be a

a. rhombus or square.
b. rectangle or square.
c. trapezoid or rhombus.
d. rectangle or trapezoid.

123
 501 Geometry Questions

253. A gure with four sides and diagonals that bisect each angle could
be a
a. rectangle.
b. rhombus.
c. parallelogram.
d. trapezoid.

254. A gure with four sides and diagonals that bisect each other could
NOT be a
a. rectangle.
b. rhombus.
c. parallelogram.
d. trapezoid.

Set 52

Fill in the blanks based on your knowledge of quadrilaterals. More

than one answer may be correct.

255. If quadrilateral ABCD has two sets of parallel lines, it could be

________.

256. If quadrilateral ABCD has four congruent sides, it could be

________.

257. If quadrilateral ABCD has exactly one set of opposite congruent

sides, it could be ________.

258. If quadrilateral ABCD has opposite congruent angles, it could be

________.

259. If quadrilateral ABCD has consecutive angles that are

supplementary, it could be ________.

260. If quadrilateral ABCD has congruent diagonals, it could be

________.

124
 501 Geometry Questions

261. If quadrilateral ABCD can be divided into two congruent triangles,

it could be ________.

262. If quadrilateral ABCD has diagonals that bisect each vertex angle
in two congruent angles, it is ________.

Set 53

Choose the best answer.

263. If an angle in a rhombus measures 21, then the other three angles
consecutively measure
a. 159, 21, 159
b. 21, 159, 159
c. 69, 21, 69
d. 21, 69, 69
e. It cannot be determined.

264. In an isosceles trapezoid, the angle opposite an angle that measures

62 measures
a. 62.
b. 28.
c. 118.
d. 180.
e. It cannot be determined.

265. In rectangle WXYZ, WXZ and XZY

a. are congruent.
b. are alternate interior angles.
c. form complementary angles with WZX and YXZ.
d. all of the above
e. It cannot be determined.

266. In square ABCD, ABD

a. measures 45.
b. is congruent with ADC.
c. forms a supplementary pair with ADB.
d. all of the above
e. It cannot be determined.

125
 501 Geometry Questions

267. In parallelogram KLMN, if diagonal KM measures 30 inches, then

a.  measures 18 inches.
KL
b.  measures 24 inches.
LM
c. diagonal LN is perpendicular to diagonal KM.
d. all of the above
e. It cannot be determined.

Set 54

Use the figure below to answer questions 268 through 270.

A 12 B

12 o a
12

D 12 C 8 P

mBCA = 72
mBDA = 18

268. Using your knowledge of triangles and quadrilaterals, show that

diagonals AC and BD intersect perpendicularly.

269. Using your knowledge of triangles and quadrilaterals, what is the

length of imaginary side BP?

270. Using your knowledge of triangles and quadrilaterals, what is the

length of diagonal DB?

126
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 51

246. c. All parallelograms have opposite congruent sides including

rectangles, rhombuses and squares. However, without more
information, you cannot be any more specic than a parallelogram.

247. b. The interior angles of a quadrilateral total 360. Choices a and c

are incorrect because the question states each line segment
connects end-to-end; this is a closed gure, but it is not necessarily
a square.

248. b. Find the point along a line segment that would divide that line
segment into two equal pieces. That is the line segments midpoint.
Connect the midpoint of a square together and you have another
square that is half the existing square.

249. d. Three squares in a row will have three times the length of one
square, or 2.5 in. 3 = 7.5 in. However, the width will remain the
length of just one square, or 2.5 in.

250. c. Rectangles and rhombuses have very little in common with

isosceles trapezoids except one set of parallel lines, one set of
opposite congruent sides, and four interior angles that measure
360.

251. b. Rectangles and squares have four 90 angles because their four
sides are perpendicular. Choices a, c, and d are all quadrilaterals,
but they are not dened by their right angles.

252. a. Rhombuses and squares have congruent sides and diagonals that
are perpendicular. Because their sides are not congruent,
rectangles and trapezoids do not have diagonals that cross
perpendicularly.

253. b. A rhombuss diagonal bisects its vertices.

127
 501 Geometry Questions

254. d. Diagonals of a trapezoid are not congruent unless the trapezoid

is an isosceles trapezoid. Diagonals of any trapezoid do not bisect
each other.

Set 52

255. A parallelogram, a rectangle, a rhombus, or a square. Two

pairs of parallel lines dene each of these four-sided gures.

256. a rhombus or a square

257. an isosceles trapezoid

258. A parallelogram, a rectangle, a rhombus, or a square. When a

transversal crosses a pair of parallel lines, alternate interior angles
are congruent, while same side interior angles are supplementary.
Draw a parallelogram, a rectangle, a rhombus, and a square; extend
each of their sides. Find the Z and C shaped intersections in
each drawing.

259. A parallelogram, a rectangle, a rhombus, or a square. Again,

look at the drawing you made above to see why consecutive angles
are supplementary.

260. a rectangle, a square, an isosceles trapezoid

261. a parallelogram, a rectangle, a rhombus, or a square

262. a rhombus or a square

Set 53

263. a. The rst consecutive angle must be supplementary to the given

angle. The angle opposite the given angle must be congruent.
Consequently, in consecutive order, the angles measure 180 21,
or 159, 21, and 159. Choice b does not align the angles in
consecutive order; choice c mistakenly subtracts 21 from 90 when
consecutive angles are supplementary, not complementary.

128
 501 Geometry Questions

264. c. Opposite angles in an isosceles trapezoid are supplementary.

Choice a describes a consecutive angle along the same parallel line.

265. d. 
XZ is a diagonal in rectangle WXYZ. WXZ and XZY are
alternate interior angles along the diagonal; they are congruent;
and when they are added with their adjacent angle, the two angles
form a 90 angle.

266. a. 
BD is a diagonal in square ABCD. It bisects vertices B and D,
creating four congruent 45 angles. Choice b is incorrect because
ABD is half of ADC; they are not congruent. Also, choice c is
incorrect because when two 45 angles are added together they
measure 90, not 180.

267. e. It cannot be determined.

Set 54

268. Because AC and DB are intersecting straight lines, if one

angle of intersection measures 90, all four angles of
intersection measure 90, which means the lines
perpendicularly meet. First, opposite sides of a rhombus are
parallel, which means alternate interior angles are congruent. If
BCA measures 72, then CAD also measures 72. The sum of
the measures of all three interior angles of a triangle must equal
180: 72 + 18 + mAOB = 180. mAOD = 90.

 is the height of rhombus ABCD and the leg of

. BP
269. a = 45
BPC. Use the Pythagorean theorem: a2 + 82 = 122. a2 + 64 = 144.
.
a2 = 80. a = 45

. Use the Pythagorean theorem to nd the hypotenuse of

270. c = 430
BPD, which is diagonal BD: (45 )2 + (12 + 8)2 = c2.
 = c.
80 + 400 = c2. 480 = c2. 430

129
 12
Perimeter of
Polygons

The perimeter of a gure is its outside edge, its outline. To nd the

perimeter of a gure, you add the length of each of its sides together.
Regular polygons use a formula: p = ns, where p is the polygons perime-
ter; n is its number of sides; and s is the length of each side.

Set 55

Choose the best answer.

271. A regular octagonal gazebo is added to a Victorian lawn garden.

Each side of the octagon measures 5 ft. The formula for the
gazebos perimeter is
a. p = 8 5.
b. 8 = n 5.
c. 5 = n 8.
d. s = n p.
 501 Geometry Questions

272. Timmy randomly walks ten steps to the left. He does this nine
more times. His path never crosses itself, and he returns to his
starting point. The perimeter of the gure Timmy walked equals
a. 90 steps.
b. 90 feet.
c. 100 steps.
d. 100 feet.

273. The perimeter of Periwinkle High is 1,600 ft. It has four sides of
equal length. Each side measures
a. 4 ft.
b. 40 ft.
c. 400 ft.
d. 4,000 ft.

274. Roberta draws two similar pentagons. The perimeter of the larger
pentagon is 93 ft.; one of its sides measures 24 ft. If the perimeter
of the smaller pentagon equals 31 ft., then the corresponding side
of the smaller pentagon measures
a. 5s = 31.
b. 93s = 24 31.
c. 93 24 = 31s.
d. 5 31 = s.

275. Isadora wants to know the perimeter of the face of a building;

however, she does not have a ladder. She knows that the buildings
rectangular facade casts a 36 ft. shadow at noon while a nearby
mailbox casts a 12 ft. shadow at noon. The mailbox is 4.5 ft. tall. If
the length of the faade is 54 ft. long, the faades perimeter
measures
a. p = 13.5 4.
b. p = 54 4.
c. p = 4.5(2) + 12(2).
d. p = 13.5(2) + 54(2).

132
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 56

Choose the best answer.

276. Which perimeter is not the same?

a. 35

7 7

35

b. 30

4 6

40

c. 37

5 5

37

d. 21

133
 501 Geometry Questions

277. Which perimeter is not the same?

a. a 12-foot regular square backyard
b. an 8-foot regular hexagon pool
c. a 6-foot regular octagonal patio
d. a 4-foot regular decagon Jacuzzi
e. It cannot be determined.

278. Which choice below has a different perimeter than the others?
a.

25.25

b.

26.0

c.

40.4

d.

50.5

134
 501 Geometry Questions

279. The measure of which gures side is different from the other four
gures?
a. a regular nonagon whose perimeter measures 90 feet
b. an equilateral triangle whose perimeter measures 27 feet
c. a regular heptagon whose perimeter measures 63 feet
d. a regular octagon whose perimeter measures 72 feet
e. It cannot be determined.

280. Which gure does not have 12 sides?

a. Regular Figure A with sides that measure 4.2 in. and a
perimeter of 50.4 in.
b. Regular Figure B with sides that measure 1.1 in. and a peri-
meter of 13.2 in.
c. Regular Figure C with sides that measure 5.1 in. and a
perimeter of 66.3 in.
d. Regular Figure D with sides that measure 6.0 in. and a peri-
meter of 72.0 in.
e. It cannot be determined.

Set 57

Find the perimeter of the following figures.

281. 2

135
 501 Geometry Questions

282. 6
1
2 1
1

6
2 4

1
1
1 4

283. 2 2 2

1
2 2

284. 2

136
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 58

Use the figure below to answer questions 285 through 286.

B 6 C D

y 8

A E
12 H G F

285. Find the value of y.

286. Find the gures total perimeter.

Set 59

Use the figure below to answer questions 287 through 288.

D E F G
Given:
quadrilateral DGHK
4 10
is a parallelogram

K
2x J x I 4x H

287. Find the value of x.

288. Find the gures total perimeter.

137
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 60

Use the figure below to answer questions 289 through 291.

40

O P Q
Given:
OQ  WR
20
PQ  TS
x y
W
T S 12 R

V U

289. Find the value of x.

290. Find the value of y.

291. Find the gures total perimeter.

138
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 61

Use the figure below to answer questions 292 through 294.

B G
J

38 H

42 100 E 5
42

C x
38
y
10
A
70 D

292. Find the value of x.

293. Find the value of y.

294. Find the gures total perimeter.

139
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 55

271. a. To nd the perimeter, multiply the number of sides by the

measure of one side. The perimeter of this Victorian gazebo is
p = 8 5.

272. c. Timmy walked ten ten-step sets. To nd the perimeter of the

gure Timmy walked, multiply 10 by 10 and remember that each
side of that gure was measured in steps, not feet. Choice a forgot
to count the rst ten steps and turn that Timmy made. Choices b
and d use the wrong increment, feet.

273. c. Plug the numbers into the formula: p = ns. 1600 = 4s. 400 = s.

274. b. A proportion can nd an unknown side of a gure using known

sides of a similar gure; a proportion can also nd an unknown side
using known perimeters. 2943 = 3s1 . Cross-multiply: 93s = 24  31.

12 4.5
275. d. Using a proportion nd x. 3 
6 = x . Cross-multiply. 12x =
36(4.5). x = 13.5. Polygon CRXZ is a rectangle whose sides
measure 13.5, 54, 13.5, and 54. To nd the perimeter of rectangle
CRXZ, add the measures of its sides together.

Set 56

276. b. Each gure except trapezoid B has a perimeter of 84 feet; its

perimeter measures only 80 feet.

277. d. Apply the formula p = ns to each choice. In choice a, the

perimeter of the backyard measures 12 feet 4 sides, or 48 feet. In
choice b, the perimeter of the pool measures 8 feet 6 sides, or 48
feet. In choice c, the perimeter of the patio measures 6 feet 8
sides, or 48 feet. In choice d, the perimeter of the Jacuzzi measures
4 feet by 10 sides, or 40. It is obvious that the Jacuzzi has a
different perimeter.

140
 501 Geometry Questions

278. b. Each gure has a perimeter of 202 feet except hexagon B; its
perimeter measures 156 feet.

279. a. To nd the measure of each side, change the formula p = ns to

p
n
= s. Plug each choice into this formula. In choice a, the sides of
90 feet
the nonagon measure  
9 sides , or 10 feet per side. In choice b, the
27 feet
sides of the triangle measure  
3 sides , or 9 feet per side. In choice c,
63 feet
the sides of the heptagon measure  
7 sides , or 9 feet per side. In
72 feet
choice d, the sides of the octagon measure  
8 sides , or 9 feet per side.

280. c. To nd the number of sides a gure has, change the formula p =

ns to ps = n. Plug each choice into this formula. In choice a, gure A
has 12 sides. In choice b, gure B has 12 sides. In choice c, gure
C has 13 sides.

Set 57

281. p = 24. You can nd this perimeter by either adding the measure of
each side, or by using the formula p = ns. If you choose to add each
side, your solution looks like this: 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 +
2 + 2 + 2 = 24. If you choose to use the formula, there are ve
squares; four are exterior squares or 4p and one an interior square
or 1p. The nal equation will look like 4p 1p = P. 1p = 4 2.
1p = 8. 4p = 4 8 = 32. 32 8 = 24.

282. p = 50. Using your knowledge of rectangles and their congruent

sides, you nd the measure of each exterior side not given. To nd
the perimeter, you add the measure of each exterior side together.
1+6+1+6+1+4+1+4+1+2+1+2+1+2+1+3+3+5
+ 5 = 50.

. First, nd the hypotenuse of at least one of the two

283. p = 34 + 45
congruent triangles using the Pythagorean theorem: 22 + 42 = c2.
42 + 162 = c2. 20 = c2. 25 = c. Add the measure of each exterior
+4+2+4+
side together: 2 + 5 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 +2 + 5 + 2 + 25
25  = 34 + 45 .

141
 501 Geometry Questions

. First nd the hypotenuse of at least one of the two

284. p = 32 + 25
congruent triangles using the Pythagorean theorem: 12 + 22 = c2.
1 + 4 = c2. 5 = c. Add the measure of each exterior side together.
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 5
+
5 = 32 + 25 .

Set 58

 and BH
. CG
285. y = 413  are congruent because the opposite sides
of a rectangle are congruent. Plug the measurements of ABH
into the Pythagorean theorem: 122 + 82 = y2. 144 + 64 = y2.
208 = y2. 413 = y.

. Figure ABDE is an isosceles trapezoid; 

286. p = 48 + 813 AB is
. Add the measure of each exterior line segment
congruent to ED
 + 12 + 6 + 6 + 12 + 413
together: 6 + 6 + 413  = 48 + 813 .

Set 59

287. x = 21
. In parallelogram DGHK, opposite sides are congruent,
so KDJ and GFH are also congruent (Side-Side-Side postulate
or Side-Angle-Side postulate). Plug the measurements of KDJ
and GFH into the Pythagorean theorem: (2x)2 + 42 = 102.
4x2 + 16 = 100. 4x2 = 84. x2 = 21. x = 21
.

 + 20. Replace each x with 21

288. p = 1421  and add the exterior
 + 21
line segments together: 221  + 421
 + 10 + 221
+
421 + 21
 + 10 = 1421  + 20.

Set 60

 and QR
289. x = 16. The hatch marks indicate that WT  are congruent.
Plug the measurements of SQR into the Pythagorean theorem:
122 + x2 = 202. 144 + x2 = 400. x2 = 256. x = 16.

 equals the
290. y = 12. Opposite sides of a rectangle are congruent. OQ
, TS
sum of WT , and SR
. Create the equation: 40 = 16 + y + 12.
40 = 28 + y. 12 = y.

142
 501 Geometry Questions

291. p = 144. Add the measure of each exterior line segment together:
40 + 16 + 12 + 12 + 16 + 16 + 16+ 16 = 144

Set 61

292. x = 21 inches. ABC and JIH are congruent (Side-Side-Side

postulate). EDC and EGH are also congruent because three
angles and a side are congruent. However, ABC and JIH are
only similar to EDC and EGH (Angle-Angle postulate). A
comparison of side   reveals a 10:5 or 2:1 ratio
AC to side EC
 measures 42 inches, then
between similar triangles. If AB
corresponding line segment ED  measures half as much, or 21
inches.

 measures 38
293. y = 19. Using the same ratio determined above, if BC
 measures half as
inches, then corresponding line segment DC
much, or 19 inches.

294. p = 270 inches. Add the measure of each exterior line segment
together: 2(42 + 38 + 10) + 2(21 + 19 + 5) = 180 + 90 = 270 inches.

143
 13
Area of Polygons

Perimeter is the distance around an object. In this chapter youll work

with area, which is the amount of surface covered by an object. For exam-
ple, the number of tiles on a kitchen oor would be found by using an area
formula, while the amount of baseboard used to surround the room would
be found by using a perimeter formula. Perimeter is always expressed in
linear units. Area is always expressed in square units.
If the perimeter of a gure is the outline of a gure, then the area of a
gure is what is inside the outline; area is the amount of two-dimensional
space that a planar gure occupies.
 501 Geometry Questions

= 1 square foot

A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
C D

Polygon ABCD is 10 square feet by 7 square feet,

or 70 square feet

A square equals 1 foot by 1 foot

The area of polygon ABCD equals 10 squares by 7 squares,
or 70 square feet

The Area of a Parallelogram

A base B

height height

D C
base

Area of parallelogram ABCD in square increments = base height

146
 501 Geometry Questions

The Area of a Rectangle

A base B

height

D C

Area of rectangle ABCD in square increments = base height

The Area of a Rhombus

A base B diagonal2

height or

D C diagonal1

NOTE: a rhombus has

an area like a rectangle,
not a square

Area of rhombus ABCD in square increments = base height

1
(diagonal diagonal)
2

The Area of a Square

A base B

height

D C

Area of square ABCD in square increments = base height

147
 501 Geometry Questions

The Area of a Triangle

A base B

triangle2
height
triangle1

D C

Triangle1 triangle2 therefore the area 1 area 2

Area 1 =  Area of polygon ABCD
Area 1 =  b h

Area of ABC in square increments = 12 base height

The Area of a Trapezoid

A B

triangle2
triangle1

D C

base2

2
height
1

D base1

Area of Trapezoid ABCD = Area of 1 + Area 2

Area of Trapezoid ABCD =  base1 height +  base2 height,
or  height (base1 + base2 )

Area of a trapezoid in square increments = 12 height (base + base)

148
 501 Geometry Questions

The Area of a Regular Polygon

A C

Apothem

E D

The area of regular polygon ABCDE in square increments

= 12 apothem perimeter

Similar Triangles

20 16 E

5 4

A
12 C D 3 F

Triangle1 Triangle2
Area 1 =  (16)(12) Area 2 =  (4)(3)

96 6

149
 501 Geometry Questions

Ratio of Areas Ratio of Corresponding Parts

1 : 2 1 : 2

AB : DE
4:1
BC : EF
96 : 6, or
4:1
CA : FD
4:1

16 : 1 (4 : 1)2

The ratio of areas between two similar triangles equals the square
of the ratio of lengths between corresponding sides.

Set 62

Choose the best answer.

295. Area is
a. the negative space inside a polygon.
b. a positive number representing the interior space of a polygon.
c. all the space on a plane.
d. no space at all.

296. Two congruent gures have

a. equal areas.
b. disproportional perimeters.
c. no congruent parts.
d. dissimilar shapes.

150
 501 Geometry Questions

297. The area of the gure below is the sum of which areas?

B F

C E

A G

a. ABH + CDEH + HFG + CEH

b. ABH + CDE + HFG
c. ABH + CDE + HFG + CEH
d. ABH + CDEH + HFG + AHG

298. If two triangles are similar, the ratio of their areas is

a. equal to the ratio of the lengths of any corresponding sides.
b. two times the ratio of the lengths of any corresponding sides.
c. equal to the square of the ratio of the lengths of any corre-
sponding sides.
d. It cannot be determined.

299. An apothem
a. extends from the opposite side of a polygon.
b. bisects the side of a polygon to which it is drawn.
c. is drawn to a vertex of a polygon.
d. forms half of a central angle.

Set 63

Circle whether the statements below are true or false.

300. A rhombus with opposite sides that measure 5 feet has the same
area as a square with opposite sides that measure 5 feet.
True or False.

151
 501 Geometry Questions

301. A rectangle with opposite sides that measure 5 feet and 10 feet has
the same area as a parallelogram with opposite sides that measure 5
feet and 10 feet. True or False.

302. A rectangle with opposite sides that measure 5 feet and 10 feet has
twice the area of a square with opposite sides that measure 5 feet.
True or False.

303. A parallelogram with opposite sides that measure 5 feet and 10 feet
has twice the area of a rhombus whose height is equal to the height
of the parallelogram and whose opposite sides measure 5 feet.
True or False.

304. A triangle with a base of 10 and a height of 5 has a third the area of
a trapezoid with base lengths of 10 and 20 and a height of 5.
True or False.

Set 64

Find the shaded area of each figure below.

305. Find the shaded area of DEF.

D F
6ft.

152
 501 Geometry Questions

306. Find the shaded area of quadrilateral ABCD.

A B

8 ft.

D C

307. Find the shaded area of polygon KLMNO.

L
10 ft.
K M

4 ft.
O N

308. Find the shaded area of Figure X.

12 ft.

5 ft.

Figure X

153
 501 Geometry Questions

309. Find the shaded area of Figure Y.

142

2 E

A D O 28

C
Figure Y

310. Find the shaded area of Figure Z.

1.5 ft. 1.5 ft.

A H G
1 ft.
B D F

2 ft.

C E

6 ft.
Figure Z

154
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 65

Find the area of each figure below.

311. Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD.

B C

20 ft. 16 ft.

A E D

36 ft.

312. Find the area of polygon RSTUV.

R S

W
4 ft. T
3 ft.

V 15 ft. U

313. Find the area of concave polygon KLMNOPQR.

N O

2.5 ft. Given:

MN = 3
M P

L Q
2.5 ft.

K R

155
 501 Geometry Questions

314. Find the area of polygon BCDEFGHI.

B 2.5 ft. C F G

2 ft.

D E
7 ft.

I 10 ft. H

315. Find the area of concave polygon MNOPQR.

P Q

4 ft.

N O
8 ft.
3 ft.

M R

15 ft.

156
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 66

Use the figure and information below to answer questions 316

through 319.
B

A I C mAC = 8 ft.
Area of regular hexagon
HCDEFG = 45 ft.2
x D
H

3 ft.

G E

.
316. Find the length of CH

317. Find the area of CHI.

318. CHI andABC are similar triangles. Find the area of ABC.

319. Find the entire area of gure ABCDEFGH.

157
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 67

Use the figure and information below to answer questions 320

through 322.
M N
K L
RO = x
10 z
y RM = y
x NO = z
R O
A Area of RMNO = Area of RQPO
Area of RMNOPQ = 320 sq. ft.
Area of RMA = 50 sq. ft.

Q P

320. Find the measure of side x.

321. Find the measure of side y.

322. Find the measure of side z.

158
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 62

295. b. All areas are positive numbers. Choice a is incorrect because if

an area represented negative space, then it would be a negative
number, which it cannot be. Choice c is incorrect because the area
of a plane is innite; when you measure area, you are only
measuring a part of that plane inside a polygon. Points, lines, and
planes do not occupy space, but gures do.The area of a gure is
how much space that gure occupies.

296. a. Congruent gures have congruent parts, perimeters, and areas.

297. c. The area of a closed gure is equal to the area of its

nonoverlapping parts. This answer doesnt have to be broken
down into all trianglesquadrilateral CDEH is a part of the
gure. However, none of the answers can include quadrilateral
CDEH and CEH because they share interior points. Also,
AHG is not part of the closed gure; in fact, it isnt closed at all.

298. c. The ratio of areas between two similar triangles is equal to the
square of the ratio of length of any two of their corresponding
sides: Area of triangle: area of similar triangle = (length of side:
length of corresponding side)2.

299. b. An apothem extends from the center of a polygon to a side of

the polygon. All apothems are perpendicular bisectors and only
span half the length of a polygon. A radius (to be discussed in a
later chapter) extends from the center point of a polygon to any
vertex. Two consecutive radii form a central angle. Apothems are
not radii.

Set 63

300. False. If the rhombus is not a square, it is a tilted square which

makes its height less than 5 feet. Consequently, the area of the
square is 25 square feet, but the area of the rhombus is less than 25
square feet.

159
 501 Geometry Questions

301. False. If the parallelogram is not a rectangle, it is a tilted rectangle

which makes its height less than 5 feet. Conseqently, the area of
the rectangle is 50 square feet, but the area of the parallelogram is
less than 50 square feet.

302. True. If two squares can t into one rectangle, then the rectangle
has twice the area of one square.
x + x = 2x
x x

303. True. Like the squares and rectangle above, if two rhombuses can
t into one parallelogram, then the parallelogram has twice the
area of one rhombus.
x + x = 2x
x x

304. True. One triangle has an area of 25 square feet. The trapezoid
has an area that measures 75 square feet. Three triangles t into
one trapezoid or the area of one triangle is a third of the area of
the trapezoid.

Set 64

 square feet. To nd the height of equilateral DEF, draw a

305. 93
.
perpendicular line segment from vertex E to the midpoint of DF
This line segment divides DEF into two congruent right
triangles. Plug the given measurement into the Pythagorean

160
 501 Geometry Questions

theorem: (12 6)2 + b2 = 62; 9 + b2 = 36; b = 27

; b = 33 .
To nd the area, multiply the height by the base: 33  feet 6 feet
= 183 square feet. Then, take half of 183  to get 93 .

306. 64 square feet. If one side of the square measures 8 feet, the other
three sides of the square each measure 8 feet. Multiply two sides of
the square to nd the area: 8 feet 8 feet = 64 square feet.

307. 100 square feet. If one side of a regular pentagon measures 10

feet, the other sides of a pentagon measure 10 feet. If the
perimeter of said pentagon measures 50 feet (10 5 = 50) and its
apothem measures 4 feet, then the area of the pentagon measures
1
 4 feet 50 feet = 100 square feet.
2

308. 720 square feet. The perimeter of a regular hexagon with sides 12
feet long equals 72 feet (12 6). When the apothem of said
hexagon measures 5 feet, the area of the pentagon equals 12 5 feet
72 feet = 180 square feet. Since there are four conjoined regular
hexagons, each with an area of 180 square feet, you multiply 180
square feet by 4. The honeycomb gure has a total area of 720
square feet.

309. 195 square feet. The area of this shaded gure requires the dual
use of the Pythagorean theorem and the ratio of areas between
similar triangles. First, nd half the area of ABC. Perpendicularly
extend a line segment from vertex A to the midpoint of CB . The
height of right triangle ABO is 142 ft. + b2 = (142 )2ft. 196 sq. ft. +
b2 = 392 sq. ft. b2 = 196 sq. ft. b = 14 ft. Using the height, nd the
area of ABC: 12(14 ft. 28 ft.) = 196 sq. ft. Within ABC is a
void, DEF. The area of the void must be subtracted from 196
square feet. Since ABC is similar to DEF (by Angle-Angle
142 2 196
Postulate), (  
2 ) = x . Therefore, x = 1 square foot; 196 square
feet 1 square foot = 195 square feet.

310. 10.5 square feet. Find the area of a rectangle with sides 6 feet and
3 feet: A = 6 ft. 3 ft. = 18 sq. ft. Find the area of both triangular
voids: Area of the smaller triangular void = 12(3 ft. 1 ft.) = 1.5 sq.
ft. Area of the larger triangular void = 12(6 ft. 2 ft.) = 6 sq. ft.
Subtract 7.5 sq. ft. from 18 sq. ft. and 10.5 square feet remain.

161
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 65

311. 480 square feet. You can either treat gure ABCD like a
trapezoid or like a parallelogram and a triangle. However you
choose to work with the gure, you must begin by nding the
 using the Pythagorean theorem: 162 + a2 = 20.
measure of ED
256 + a2 = 400. a2 = 144. a = 12. Subtract 12 feet from 36 feet to
nd the measure of  BC: 36 12 = 24. Should you choose to treat
the gure like the sum of two polygons, to nd the area of the
entire gure, you nd the area of each polygon separately and add
them together. Parallelogram ABCE: 16 ft. 24 ft. = 384 sq. ft.
ECD: 12 16 ft. 12 ft. = 96 sq. ft. 384 sq. ft. + 96 sq. ft. = 480
sq. ft. Should you choose to treat the gure like a trapezoid and
need to nd the area, simply plug in the appropriate
measurements: 12 16 ft. (24 ft. + 36 ft.) = 480 square feet.

 to RV
 square feet. Extend TW
312. 60 + 25 . Lets call this XW
.

XW perpendicularly bisects  RV; as a perpendicular bisector, it
divides isosceles triangle RWV into two congruent right triangles
and establishes the height for parallelograms RSTW and VUTW.
Solve the area of parallelogram VUTW: 2 ft. 15 ft. = 30 sq. ft.
Find the height of RWV using the Pythagorean theorem: a2 + 22
= 32. a2 + 4 = 9. a2 = 5. a = 5 . Solve the area of RWV: 12 5
ft. 4 ft. = 25 sq. ft. Add all the areas together: 25
 sq. ft. + 30
 square feet.
sq. ft. + 30 sq. ft. = 60 + 25

313. Area = 24.0 square feet. Rhombuses KLQR and MNOP are
congruent. Their areas each equal 2.5 ft. 3 ft. = 7.5 sq. ft. The
area of square LMPQ equals the product of two sides: 3 ft. 3 ft. =
9 ft. The sum of all the areas equal 9 sq. ft. + 7.5 sq. ft. + 7.5 sq. ft.
= 24 square feet.

314. Area = 60.0 square feet. The simplest way to nd the area of
polygon BCDEFGHI is to nd the area of rectangle BGHI: 10 ft.
7 ft. = 70 sq. ft. Subtract the area of rectangle CFED: 5 ft. 2 ft.
= 10 sq. ft. 70 sq. ft. 10 sq. ft. = 60 square feet.

315. Area = 70 square feet. Again, the simplest way to the nd the
area of polygon MNOPQR is to nd the area of trapezoid MPQR.

162
 501 Geometry Questions

1

2 8 feet (4 ft. + 15 ft.) = 12 8(19) = 76 sq. ft. Subtract the area of
NPO: 12 3 ft. 4 ft. = 6 sq. ft. 76 sq. ft. 6 sq ft. = 70 square
feet.

Set 66

316. x = 5 feet. To nd x, use the given area of hexagon HCDEFG and

work backwards. The area of a regular polygon equals half the
product of its perimeter by its apothem: 45 sq. ft. = 12 p 3 ft.; p =
30 ft. The perimeter of a regular polygon equals the length of each
side multiplied by the number of sides: 30 ft. = s ft. 6.; s = 5 ft.

317. Area = 6 square feet. ACH is an isosceles triangle. A line drawn

 bisects the line segment, which means mAI
from its vertex to AC =
, or 1 of 8 feet long. Since question 316 found the measure of
mCI 2

HC, only the measure of HI  remains unknown. Plug the given
measurements for CHI into the Pythagorean theorem. 42 + b2 =
52. 16 + b2 = 25. b2 = 9. b = 3. Once the height is established, nd
the area of CHI: 12 4 ft. 3 ft. = 6 square feet.

318. Area = 24 square feet. It is given that CHI and ABC are
similar triangles. You know the lengths of two corresponding sides,
and you know the area of the smaller triangle. Apply the rule
6 sq. ft. 4 ft. 6 sq. ft.
regarding the areas of similar triangles:   = ()2.  =
x 8 ft. x
(12)2. 
6 sq. ft.
x
1
 = . Cross-multiply: 6 sq. ft. 4 = x. 24 square feet = x.
4

319. Area = 81 square feet. The areas within the entire gure are the
sum of its parts: 24 sq. ft. + 6 sq. ft. + 6 sq. ft. + 45 sq. ft. = 81
square feet.

Set 67

320. x = 22 feet. The area of trapezoid RMNO plus the area of

trapezoid RQPO equals the area of gure RMNOPQ. Since
trapezoids RMNO and trapezoid RQPO are congruent, their areas
are equal: 12(320 sq. ft.) = 160 sq. ft. The congruent height of each
trapezoid is known, and one congruent base length is known.
Using the equation to nd the area of a trapezoid, create the

163
 501 Geometry Questions

equation: 160 sq. ft. = 12(10 ft.)(10 ft. + x). 160 sq. ft. = 50 sq. ft. +
5x ft. 110 sq. ft. = 5x ft. 22 feet = x.

 feet. Work backwards using the given area of RMA:

321. y = 102
50 sq. ft. = 12b(10 ft.). 50 sq. ft. = 5 ft. b. 10 ft. = b. Once the base
and height of RMA are established, use the Pythagorean theorem
: 102 + 102 = c2. 100 + 100 = c2. 200 = c2. 102
to nd RM  = c.

RM = 102  feet.

 feet. Imagine a perpendicular line from vertex N to the

322. z = 226
base of trapezoid RMNO. This imaginary line divides RO  into
another 10-foot segment. The remaining portion of line RO  is 2
feet long. Use the Pythagorean theorem to nd the length of NO :
2 2 2 2 2
(10 ft.) + (2 ft.) = z . 100 sq. ft. + 4 sq. ft. = z . 104 sq. ft. = z .
226 feet = z.

164
 14
Surface Area of
Prisms

A prism is the three-dimensional representation of planar gures, like

rectangles or squares. To nd the exterior area of a three-dimensional
shape, called the surface area, simplify the prism or cube by breaking it
down into its planar components.

Surface Area of a Prism

A prism has six faces; each face is a planar rectangle.

Side
C

Side Side
A B
 501 Geometry Questions

For every side or face you see, there is a congruent side you cannot see.

Side Side
Bb Aa

Side
Cc

If you pull each face apart, you will see pairs of congruent rectangles.
6 ft. 5 ft. 1 ft.

disassemble

5 ft. 5 ft. 1 ft. 1 ft.

5 ft.
1 ft.
6 ft. 6 ft. 6 ft.
1 ft.

The surface area of a prism is the sum of the areas of its face areas, or Sa
= (length width) + (length height) + (width height) + (width height)
+ (length height) + (length width). This formula simplies into:

Sa = 2(lw + wh + lh)

166
 501 Geometry Questions

Surface Area of a Cube

Like the rectangular prism, a cube has six faces; each face is a congruent
square.
3 feet 3 feet 3 feet

disassemble

3 feet

3 feet

The surface area of a cube is the sum of its face areas, or Sa = (length
width) + (length width) + (width height) + (width height) + (length
height) + (length height). This formula simplies into: Sa = 6e2, where e
is the measure of the edge of the cube, or length of one side.

Set 68

Choose the best answer.

323. A rectangular prism has

a. one set of congruent sides.
b. two pairs of congruent sides.
c. three pairs of congruent sides.
d. four pairs of congruent sides.

324. How many faces of a cube have equal areas?

a. two
b. three
c. four
d. six

167
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 69

Find the surface area.

325. Mark plays a joke on Tom. He removes the bottom from a box of
bookmarks. When Tom lifts the box, all the bookmarks fall out.
What is the surface area of the empty box Tom is holding if the
box measures 5.2 inches long by 17.6 inches high and 3.7 inches
deep?

326. Crafty Tara decides to make each of her friends a light box. To let
the light out, she removes a right triangle from each side of the
box such that the area of each face of the box is the same. What is
the remaining surface area of the box if each edge of the box
measures 3.3 feet and the area of each triangle measures 6.2
square feet?

327. Jimmy gives his father the measurements of a table he wants built.
If the drawing below represents that table, how much veneer does
Jimmys father need to buy in order to cover all the exterior
surfaces of his sons table?

1 foot

7 feet

2 feet
2 feet
2 feet

15 feet

328. The 25th Annual Go-Cart Race is just around the corner, and
Dave still needs to build a platform for the winner. In honor of the
traditions longevity, Dave wants the platform to be special; so, he
will cover all the exposed surfaces of his platform in red velvet. If
the base step measures 15 feet by 7 feet by 1 foot, and each

168
 501 Geometry Questions

consecutive step is uniformly 1 foot from the edge of the last step,
how much exposed surface area must Dave cover?

15 ft.

329. Sarah cuts three identical blocks of wood and joins them end-to-
end. How much exposed surface area remains?

Block3

k2
1.7 in. oc
Bl

4.0 in. Block1

8.3 in.
Sa Block1  Sa Block2  Sa Block3

Set 70

Find each value of x using the figures and information below.

330. Surface Area = 304 square feet

2x

12x

169
 501 Geometry Questions

331. Surface Area = 936 square meters

4.5x

4x
4x

332. Surface Area = 720 square yards

3x

cube1 cube2
3x
3x

cube1  cube2

170
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 68

323. c. When the faces of a rectangular prism are laid side-by-side, you
always have three pairs of congruent faces. That means every face
of the prism (and there are six faces) has one other face that shares
its shape, size, and area.

324. d. A cube, like a rectangular prism, has six faces. If you have a
small box nearby, pick it up and count its faces. It has six. In fact, if
it is a cube, it has six congruent faces.

Set 69

325. Surface area = 260.24 square inches. Begin by nding the whole
surface area: surface area = 2(lw + wh + lh). Sa = 2(17.6 in.(5.2 in.)
+ 5.2 in.(3.7 in.) + 17.6 in.(3.7 in.). Sa = 2(91.52 sq. in. + 19.24 sq.
in. + 65.12 sq. in.). Sa = 2(175.88 sq. in.). Sa = 351.76 sq. in. From
the total surface area, subtract the area of the missing face:
Remaining Sa = 351.76 sq. in. 91.52 sq. in. Remaining Sa =
260.24 square inches.

326. Surface area = 28.14 square feet. You could use the formula to
determine the surface area of a rectangular prism to also determine
the surface area of a cube, or you could simplify the equation to 6
times the square of the length of one side: Sa = 6(3.3 ft.)2. Sa =
6(10.89 sq. ft.). Sa = 65.34 sq. ft. Tara removes six triangular
pieces, one from each face of the cube. It is given that each
triangular cutout removes 6.2 sq. feet from the total surface area. 6
6.2 sq. ft. = 37.2 sq. ft. To nd the remaining surface area,
subtract the area removed from the surface area: 65.34 sq. ft.
37.2 sq. ft. = 28.14 square feet.

327. Surface area = 318 square feet. These next few problems are
tricky: Carefully look at the diagram. Notice that the top of each
cubed leg is not an exposed surface area, nor is the space they
occupy under the large rectangular prism. Lets nd these surface
areas rst. The top of each cubed leg equals the square of the

171
 501 Geometry Questions

length of the cube: (2 feet) = 4 sq. ft. There are four congruent
cubes, four congruent faces: 4 4 sq. ft. = 16 sq. ft. It is reasonable
to assume that where the cubes meet the rectangular prism, an
equal amount of area from the prism is also not exposed. Total area
concealed = 16 sq. ft + 16 sq. ft. = 32 sq. ft. Now nd the total
surface area of the tables individual parts.
Sa of one cube = 6(2 feet)2 = 6(4 sq. ft.) = 24 sq. ft.
Sa of four congruent cubes = 4 24 sq. ft. = 96 sq. ft.
Sa of one rectangular prism = 2(15 ft.(7 ft.) + 7 ft.(1 foot) + 15
ft.(1 foot)) = 2(105 sq. ft. + 7 sq. ft. + 15 sq. ft.) = 2(127 sq. ft.) =
254 sq. ft.
Total Sa = 96 sq. ft. + 254 sq. ft. = 350 sq. ft.
Finally, subtract the concealed surface area from the total
surface area = 350 sq. ft. 32 sq. ft = 318 sq. ft.

328. Surface area = 318 square feet. Like the question above, there
are concealed surface areas in this question. However, lets only
solve exposed areas this time around. Find the surface area for the
base rectangular prism. Do not worry about any concealed parts;
imagine the top plane rising with each step. Sa of base rectangular
prism = 2(15 ft.(7 ft.) + 7 ft.(1 foot) + 15 ft.(1 foot)) = 2(105 sq. ft. +
7 sq. ft. + 15 sq. ft.) = 2 (127 sq. ft.) = 254 sq. ft. Of the next two
prisms, only their sides are considered exposed surfaces (the lip of
their top surfaces have already been accounted for). The new
formula removes the top and bottom planes: Sa of sides only = 2(lh
+ wh). Subtracting a foot from each side of the base prism, the
second prism measures 13 feet by 5 feet by 1 foot. The last prism
measures 11 feet by 3 feet by 1 foot. Plug the remaining two
prisms into the formula:
Sa of sides only = 2(13 ft.(1 foot)) + 5 ft(1 foot)) = 2(13 sq. ft. + 5
sq. ft) = 2(18 sq. ft.) = 36 sq. ft.
Sa of sides only = 2(11 ft.(1 foot) + 3 ft.(1 foot)) = 2(11 sq. ft. + 3
sq. ft.) = 2(14 sq. ft.) = 28 sq. ft.
Add all the exposed surface areas together: 254 sq. ft. + 36 sq. ft.
+ 28 sq. ft = 318 sq. ft.

329. Surface area = 297.5 sq. in. The three blocks are congruent; nd
the surface area of one block and multiply it by three: Sa = 2(8.3
in.(4.0 in.) + 4.0 in. (1.7 in.) + 8.3 in.(1.7 in.) = 2(33.2 sq. in. + 6.8

172
 501 Geometry Questions

sq. in. + 14.11 sq. in.) = 2(54.11 sq. in.) = 108.22 sq. in. 108.22 sq.
in. 3 = 324.66 sq. in. Look at the diagram: The ends of one block
are concealed, and they conceal an equal amount of space on the
other two blocks: 2 2(4.0 in.(1.7 in.) = 27.2 sq. in. Subtract the
concealed surface area from the total surface area: 324.66 sq. in.
27.2 sq. in. = 297.46 sq. in.

Set 70

330. x = 2 feet. Plug the variables into the formula for the Sa of a
prism: 304 sq. ft. = 2(12x(2x) + 2x(x) + 12x(x)). 304 sq. ft. = 2(24 x2
+ 2x2 + 12x2). 304 sq. ft. = 2(38x2). 304 sq. ft. = 76x2. 4 sq. ft. = x2.
2 feet = x.

331. x = 3 meters. Plug the variables into the formula for the Sa of a
prism: 936 square meters = 2(4.5x(4x) + 4x(4x) + 4.5x(4x)). 936 sq.
meters = 2(18x2 + 16x2 + 18x2). 936 sq. meters = 2(52x2). 936 sq.
meters = 104x2. 9 sq. meters = x2. 3 meters = x.

 yards. To nd the area of one of the two congruent

332. x = 22
864 sq. yd.
cubes, divide 864 square yards by 2:  2
 = 432 sq. yd. Plug the
measure of each edge into the formula Sa = 6 e2: 432 sq. yd. =
6(3x2). 432 sq. yd. = 6(9x2). 432 sq. yd. = 54x2. 8 sq. yd. = x2.
22 yards = x.

173
 Volume of Prisms
15
and Pyramids

Is the cup half empty or half full? In geometry, it is neither half empty,
nor half full; it is half the volume.
Volume is the space within a solid three-dimensional gure. Surface area
denes the outer planes of a three-dimensional object; everything within is
volume. Volume is what is inside the shapes you and I see.



=  the V



surface area volume

 501 Geometry Questions

Types of Prisms

You met rectangular and cubic prisms in the last chapter, and you exclu-
sively used right prisms. The sides of a right prism perpendicularly meet
the base. The base is the polygon that denes the shape of the solid.

base base base

Right Triangular Right Rectangular Right Pentagonal

Prism Prism Prism

The sides of an oblique prism do not meet the base at a 90 angle.

Again, that base can be any polygon.
The most common oblique prism is the Pyramid.

Triangular Square Pentagonal

Pyramid Pyramid Pyramid

176
 501 Geometry Questions

The Volume of a Right Prism

The volume of a right prism = area of its base height

Area
of Base1
ht
heig

The volume of a right rectangular prism = area of its base height, or

length width height

l Area
of Base1
t
igh
he
w

The volume of a right cube = area of its base height, or

length width height, or
(the measure of one edge)3

Area
l
of Base1

l
w

177
 501 Geometry Questions

The Volume of a Pyramid

The volume of a pyramid = 13 (area of its base height)

It is a third of the volume of a right prism with the same base and height
measurements.

x x x

x + x + x

x x x

Volume

x
x
Right Prism

178
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 71

Choose the best answer.

333. Which gure below is a right prism?

a.

b.

c.

d.

179
 501 Geometry Questions

334. Which polygon denes the shape of the right prism below?

a. triangle
b. rectangle
c. square
d. pentagon

335. What is the name of a right 12-sided prism?

a. an octagonal prism
b. decagonal prism
c. dodecagon
d. tetradecagon

180
 501 Geometry Questions

336. Which gure below is a right hexagonal prism?

a.

b.

c.

d.

181
 501 Geometry Questions

337. Which choice describes a gure that has a third of the volume of
the gure below?

2 in.

2 in.

a. a right triangular prism with base sides that measure 2 in. and a
height that measures 2 in.
b. a cube with base sides that measure 2 in. and a height that
measures 2 in.
c. a triangular pyramid with base sides that measure 2 in. and a
height that measures 2 in.
d. a square pyramid with base sides that measure 2 in. and a height
that measures 2 in.

182
 501 Geometry Questions

338. Which gure below has a third of the volume of a 3 in. cube?

a.
1 in.

b.

2 in.

c.

3 in.

d.

1 in.

339. Which measurement uses the largest increment?

a. perimeter
b. area
c. surface area
d. volume

183
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 72

Find the volume of each solid.

340. Find the volume of a right heptagonal prism with base sides that
measure 13 cm, an apothem that measures 6 cm, and a height that
measures 2 cm.

341. Find the volume of a pyramid with four congruent base sides. The
length of each base side and the prisms height measure 2.4 ft.

342. Find the volume of a pyramid with an eight-sided base that

measures 330 sq. in. and a height that measures 10 in.

Set 73

Find each unknown element using the information below.

343. Find the height of a right rectangular prism with a 295.2 cubic in.
volume and a base area that measures 72.0 sq. in.

344. Find the base area of a right nonagon prism with an 8,800 cubic ft.
volume and a height that measures 8.8 ft.

345. Find the measure of a triangular pyramids base side if its volume
measures 723  cubic meters and its height measures 6 meters.
The base of the pyramid forms an equilateral triangle.

184
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 74

Use the solid figure below to answer questions 346 through 348.

l = 2.1 meters

346. What is the perimeter of one face side?

347. What is the surface area?

348. What is the volume?

Set 75

Use the solid figure below to answer questions 349 through 351.

perimeter of base = 54 in.

x
volume = 810 in.3
base1

2x

349. What is the width and length?

350. What is the height?

351. What is the surface area?

185
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 71

333. d. Choice a is a hexagonal pyramid; none of its six sides

perpendicularly meets its base. The sides of choice b only
perpendicularly join one base side, and choice c is an oblique
quadrilateral; its base is facing away from you. Choice d is the
correct answer; it is a triangular right prism.

334. d. The solid in the gure has seven sides. Subtract two base sides,
and it has ve sides, one for each edge of a pentagon. You will be
tempted to answer rectangle. Remember all right prisms have
rectangles. It is the polygon at the base of the rectangle that
denes the prisms shape.

335. b. Do as you did above: subtract two base sidesthe prism has ten
sides, one for each edge of a decagon.

336. b. A hexagonal prism must have a hexagon as one of its sides. A

right hexagonal prism has two hexagons. Choice a is a pentagonal
right prism; choice c is a decagonal right prism; and choice d is not
a prism at all.

337. c. If their base measurements are congruent, a pyramids volume is

a third of a prisms volume. Choices a and b are eliminated because
they are not pyramids. Choice d is also eliminated because its base
polygon is not equivalent to the given base polygon, an equilateral
triangle.

338. c. Again, you are looking for a pyramid with the same base
measurements of the given cube. Twenty-seven choice as can t
into the given cube; meanwhile, eighty-one choice ds t into that
same cube. Only three choice cs t into the given cube; it has one-
third the volume.

186
 501 Geometry Questions

339. d. Perimeter uses a single measurement like an inch to describe the

outline of a gure. Area and Surface area use square
measurements, an inch times an inch, to describe two-dimensional
space. Volume uses the largest measurement; it uses the cubic
measurement, an inch times an inch times an inch. Volume is
three-dimensional; its measurement must account for each
dimension.

Set 72

340. Volume = 546 cubic centimeters. The area of a seven-sided

gure equals one-half of its perimeter multiplied by its apothem:
perimeter of heptagonal base = 13 cm 7 sides = 91 cm. Area of
heptagonal base = 12 91 cm 6 cm = 273 square cm. The volume of
a right prism is the area of the base multiplied by the prisms
height: volume of prism = 243 square cm 2 cm = 546 cubic cm.

341. Volume = 4.6 cubic feet. This is a square based pyramid; its
volume is a third of a cubes volume with the same base
measurements, or 13 (area of its base height). Plug its
measurements into the formula: 13(2.4 ft.)2 2.4 ft. Volume of
square pyramid = 13(5.76 sq. ft.) 2.4 ft. = 13(13.824 cubic ft.) = 4.608
cubic ft.

342. Volume = 1,100 cubic inches. Unlike the example above, this
pyramid has an octagonal base. However, it is still a third of a right
octagonal prism with the same base measurements, or 13 (area of its
base height). Conveniently, the area of the base has been given to
you: area of octagonal base = 330 square inches. Volume of octagonal
pyramid = 13(330 sq. in) 10 in. = 13(3,300 cubic in.) = 1,100 cubic
in.

Set 73

343. Height = 4.1 inches. If the volume of a right rectangular prism

measures 295.2 cubic inches, and the area of one of its two
congruent bases measures 72.0 square inches, then its height
measures 4.1 inches: 295.2 cubic in. = 72.0 square in. h.
4.1 in. = h.

187
 501 Geometry Questions

344. Area = 1,000 square feet. If the volume of a right nonagon prism
measures 8,800 cubic feet and its height is 8.8 feet, then the area of
one of its two congruent bases measures 1,000 square feet: 8,800
cubic ft. = B 8.8 feet. 1,000 square ft = B.


345. Side = 12 meters. If the volume of a triangular pyramid is 723
cubic meters, work backwards to nd the area of its triangular base
and then the length of a side of that base (remember, you are
working with regular polygons, so the base will be an equilateral
triangle). 723 cubic meters = 13 area of base 6 meters. 723 
cubic meters = a 2 meters. 363  square meters = a. Divide both
sides by 63  meters. 363  square meters = 12 side of base 63

meters. 6 meters = 12b. 12 meters = b.

Set 74

346. Perimeter = 8.4 meters. A cube has six congruent faces; each face
has four congruent sides. The perimeter of a single cube face is the
sum of the measure of each edge, or p = 4s. p = 4(2.1 meters). p =
8.4 meters.

347. Surface area = 26.5 square meters. The surface area of a cube is
the area of one face multiplied by the number of faces, or Sa = 6bh.
Sa = 6(2.1 meters)2. Sa = 6(4.41 square meters).
Sa = 26.46 square meters.

348. Volume = 9.3 cubic meters. The volume of a cube is its length
multiplied by its width multiplied by its height, or V = e2 (e
represents one edge of a cube). V = 2.1 meters 2.1 meters 2.1
meters. V = 9.261 cubic meters.

Set 75

349. Length = 18 inches; width = 9 inches. Plug the given variables

and perimeter into the formula p = l + w + l + w. 54 in. = 2x + x +
2x + x. 54 in. = 6x. 9 inches = x.

188
 501 Geometry Questions

350. Height = 5 inches. Multiply the length and width above: 18 inches
9 inches = 162 square inches. This is the area of one base side.
Using the given volume and the area above, nd the third
dimension of rectangular prism A: 810 cubic in. = 162 sq. in. h. 5
inches = h.

351. Surface area = 594 square inches. The surface area of a prism is a
sum of areas, or Sa = 2(lw + wh + lh). Plug the measures you found
in the previous question into this formula. Sa = 2(18 in. 9 in.) +
(9 in. 5 in.) + (18 in. 5 in.). Sa = 2(162 sq. in. + 45 sq. in. + 90
sq. in.). Sa = 2 (297 sq. in.). Sa = 594 square inches.

189
 16
Working with Circles
and Circular Figures

Part A

It is said that circles have no beginnings and no ends; and yet as you start
this chapter, you have just come full circle. To properly review circles, we
start with a point.
 501 Geometry Questions

Center Point, Radius, Central Angle

P
D

C Points in relationship to
O P Circle ( P)
s of B is an interior point
ra diu
to P
A
radius C is on P
of O
D is an exterior
to P
B

A center point is a stationary point at the center of a circle. All the points
that lie on the circle are equidistant from the center point.
A radius is a line segment that extends from the center of the circle and
meets exactly one point on the circle.
Circles with the same center point but different radii are concentric
circles.
A central angle is an angle formed by two radii.

Chords and Diameters

B
OB and OD are each a radius
A C of O.

O DB is a diameter
ter

AC is a chord
me
dia

OB  OD
2 mOB = mDB
D
A chord is a line segment that joins two points on a circle.
A diameter is a chord that joins two points on a circle and passes through
the center point.
Note: A diameter is twice the length of a radius, and a radius is half the
length of a diameter.

192
 501 Geometry Questions

Arcs

B
AB = 33
33
mAB = 10.1 inches

diameter
ius
rad
O AB is a minor arc
ABC is a semicircle
ABD is a major arc

D
C
An arc is a set of consecutive points on a circle. Arcs can be measured by
their rotation and by their length.
A minor arc is an arc that measures less than 180.
A semicircle is an arc that measures exactly 180. The endpoints of a
semicircle are the endpoints of a diameter.
A major arc is an arc that measures greater than 180.
Note: An arc formed by a central angle has the same rotation of that
angle.

193
 501 Geometry Questions

Other Lines and Circles

A O C R RB  RD
secant OB  OD

t
gen
tan
D

A tangent is a ray or line segment that intercepts a circle at exactly one

point. The angle formed by a radius and a tangent where it meets a circle
is a right angle.
Note: Two tangents from the same exterior point are congruent.
A secant is a ray or line segment that intercepts a circle at two points.

Congruent Arcs and Circles

Congruent circles have congruent radii and diameters. Congruent central

angles form congruent arcs in congruent circles.

Set 76

Choose the best answer.

352. Which points of a circle are on the same plane?

a. only the center point and points on the circle
b. points on the circle but no interior points
c. the center point, interior points, but no points on the circle
d. all the points in and on a circle

194
 501 Geometry Questions

353. In a circle, a radius

a. is the same length of a radius in a congruent circle.
b. extends outside the circle.
c. is twice the length of a diameter.
d. determines an arc.

354. Congruent circles

a. have the same center point.
b. have diameters of the same length.
c. have radii of the same length.
d. b and c

Use the figure below to answer question 355.

E
F H
P
A
B
G
C

355. Which point(s) is an exterior point?

a. A, B, C
b. D, E, F, G
c. H
d. A, E, G, H

356. A lies 12 inches from the center of P. If P has a 1-foot radius.
A lies
a. inside the circle.
b. on the circle.
c. outside the circle.
d. between concentric circles.

195
 501 Geometry Questions

357. A diameter is also

a. a radius.
b. an arc.
c. a chord.
d. a line.

358. Both tangents and radii

a. extend from the center of a circle.
b. are half a circles length.
c. meet a circle at exactly one point.
d. are straight angles.

359. From a stationary point, Billy throws four balls in four directions.
Where each ball lands determines the radius of another circle.
What do the four circles have in common?
a. a center point
b. a radius
c. a diameter
d. a tangent

360. From a stationary point, Kim aims two arrows at a bulls-eye. The
rst arrow nicks one point on the edge of the bulls-eye; the other
strikes the center of the bulls-eye. Kim knows the rst arrow
traveled 100 miles. If the bulls-eye is 200 miles wide, how far is
Kim from the center of the bulls-eye?
a. 100 miles
 miles
b. 2100
c. 1,000 miles
d. 1002  miles

196
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 77

Use the figure below to answer question 361.

C

15
B D

A F E
x

361. What is the value of x?

Use the figure below to answer question 362.

Given
P O M
Q OM  QO
2 inches PO  QP

362. If the diameter of M is 2 inches, then what is the diameter of

P?

197
 501 Geometry Questions

Use the figure below to answer question 363.

7 A B

74

1 24

C D

2.5

102 18.75

10

363. Which circle is NOT congruent?

198
 501 Geometry Questions

Use the figures below to answer question 364.

A B
A

D
L. P.
B

C
D C

AB  CD AB  CD

A
B
C

N. O.

D
A
B

AB  BA AB  CD

364. In which gure (L, N, P, O) is the set of arcs not congruent?

199
 501 Geometry Questions

Use the figure below to answer questions 365 through 367.

D 20

E
F G
25

365. What is the length of a radius in the circle?

366. What is the area of DEF?


367. Is DHG a major or minor arc?

Part B

When you measure the edge of a circle, where and when do you stop if
there isnt a vertex? You could go in circles trying to gure it out. Fortu-
nately, you dont have to. Greek mathematicians measured it for you and
called it pi. Actually, they named it the Greek letter pi, whose symbol looks
like a miniature Stonehenge (). The value of is approximately () 272,
or 3.14.

The Circumference of a Circle

The circumference of a circle is the circles version of perimeter. Circa

means around. Sailors circumnavigate the earth; they navigate their way
around the earth.

200
 501 Geometry Questions

Circumference of a circle = diameter, or

2 times the radius

C
B

A 7 in.

2 mAB = mAC
C = 2r
C = 2 7 inches
C = 14 inches

The Measure of an Arc

Using the circumference of a circle, you can nd the measure of an arc.

D
30 B
A 7

C = 14 inches
30 1
=
360 12
AD is  of 14 inches, or
 inches

201
 501 Geometry Questions

Area of a Circle

Area of a circle in square units = radius2

B
.
7 in
A

A = r 2
A = (7 inches)2
A = 49 square inches

Set 78

Choose the best answer.

368. What is the circumference of the gure below?

57
A
O

a. 57 inches
b. 114 inches
c. 26.5 inches
d. 57
 inches

202
 501 Geometry Questions

369. What is the area of the gure below?

N
feet
206

O
M

a. 51.5 square feet

b. 103 square feet
c. 206 square feet
d. 10,609 square feet

370. What is the radius of the gure below?

T
perimeter of O = 64 centimeters

a. 8 centimeters
b. 16 centimeters
c. 32 centimeters
d. 64 centimeters

371. The area of a square is 484 square feet. What is the maximum area
of a circle inscribed in the square?
a. 11 square feet
b. 22 square feet
c. 484 square feet
d. 122 square feet

203
 501 Geometry Questions

372. If the circumference of a circle is 192 feet, then the length of the
circles radius is
a. 166  feet.
b. 96 feet.
c. 192 feet.
d. 384 feet.

373. If the area of a circle is 289 square feet, then the length of the
circles radius is
a. 17 feet.
b. 34 feet.
c. 144.5 feet.
d. 289 feet.

374. What is the area of a circle inscribed in a dodecagon with an

apothem 13 meters long?
a. 26 meters
b. 156 meters
c. 42.2 meters
d. 169 meters

Use the figure below to answer questions 375 through 376.

A C O

C = 64 feet

204
 501 Geometry Questions


375. BD is a quarter of the circumference of C. If the total

circumference of C is 64 feet, then what is the length of BD?
a. 16 feet
b. 32 feet
c. 48 feet
d. 90 feet


376. What is the central angle that intercepts BD?
a. an acute angle
b. a right angle
c. an obtuse angle
d. a straight angle

Use the figure below to answer question 377.

6 feet

A B

12 feet

D C

6 feet

377. What is the area of the shaded gure?

a. 144 square feet 12 square feet
b. 12 square feet 144 square feet
c. 144 square feet
d. 144 square feet 24 square feet + 12 square feet

205
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 79

Use the figure below to answer questions 378 through 379.

L 15H

M 15H

378. What is the area of the shaded gure?

a. 56.25 square feet
b. 112.5 square feet
c. 225 square feet
d. 337.4 square feet

379. What is the ratio of the area of M and the area of K?
a. 1:8
b. 1:4
c. 1:2
d. 1:1

Use the figure below to answer questions 380 through 381.

A

B
O C

 = 60 and mOB
380. If mAB  = 75, what is the measure of OA
?

206
 501 Geometry Questions

381. If central angle AOC measures 60, what is the area of the shaded
gure?

Use the figure below to answer questions 382 through 383.

4 in.

2.5 in.
in.
4
4 in.

382. If each side of a cube has an identical semicircle carved into it,
what is the total carved area of the cube?

383. What is the remaining surface area of the cube?

Using the figure below answer questions 384 through 387.

C

B D
45
7.0 in.
O 7.0 in.

384. Find the shaded area of the gure.

385. Find the length of AB.


386. Find the length of CD.

 
387. Are AB and CD the same length?

207
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 80

Use the figure below to answer questions 388 through 389.

A

42 feet

G 4 feet B

F C
6 feet

AB  BF  FD  DE
height of BCD = 6 ft.

388. What is the area of trapezoid ABDE?

389. What is the shaded area?

Part C

When a balloon deates or a basketball goes at, the spherical object loses
a part of its volume made of air. Unlike a prism, a sphere does not have a
set of straight sides that you can measure. Its volume and surface area must
be deduced.

208
 501 Geometry Questions

The Surface Area of a Cylinder (A Right Prism

with Circular Bases)
Surface Area of a cylinder the sum of the area of its sides, or
=
in squared units 2r2 + 2rh

The Volume of a Cylinder

Volume of a cylinder in cubic units = area of its base height, or (r2)h

The Volume of a Cone

1
Volume of a cone in cubic units = 
3 the area of its base height,
or 13(r2)h

The Surface Area of a Sphere

A sphere is a set of points equidistant from one central point. Imagine a cir-
cle; rotate that circle in every direction around a stationary center point.
You have created the shape of a sphere and witnessed that no matter what
slice of the sphere you take, if it is cut through the center point, it is a circle.

Surface area of a sphere in square units = 4r2

The Volume of a Sphere

Volume of a sphere in cubic units = 43r3

209
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 81

Use the figure below to answer questions 390 through 392.

x
x
x

12 ft.

12 ft.

x
P

Volume of cylinder P = 432 cubic ft.

390. If the volume of the cylinder P is 432 cubic feet, what is the
length of x?

391. What is the surface area of cylinder P?

392. What is the total volume of the solid?

210
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 82

Use the figure below to answer questions 393 through 395.

 inch
y

Volume Q =  cubic inches

1
393. If the volume of a candy wrapper Q is 6 cubic inches, what is the
length of x?
1
6 cubic inch
394. If the conical ends of candy wrapper Q have 9
volumes each, what is the length of y?

395. What is the surface area of the candy inside the wrapper?

Set 83

Solve each question using the information in each word problem.

396. Tracy and Jarret try to share an ice cream cone, but Tracy wants
half of the scoop of ice cream on top while Jarret wants the ice
cream inside the cone. Assuming the half scoop of ice cream on
top is a perfect sphere, who will have more ice cream? The cone
and scoop both have radii 1 inch long; the cone is 3 inches high.

397. Dillon lls the cylindrical coffee grind containers each day. One
bag has 32 cubic inches of grinds. How many cylindrical
containers can Dillon ll with two bags of grinds if each cylinder is
4 inches wide and 4 inches high?

211
 501 Geometry Questions

398. Before dinner, Jen measures the circumference and length of her
roast. It measures 12 round and 4 inches long. After cooking, the
roast is half its volume but just as long. What is the new
circumference of the roast?

399. Mike owns many compact discs (CDs), that he has to organize. If
his CD holder is 5 inches wide by 4.5 inches high by 10 inches
long and his CDs measure 4 inches wide by an eighth of an inch
long, how many CDs t back-to-back in Mikes CD case?

400. Munine is trying to carry her new 24-inch tall cylindrical speakers
through her front door. Unfortunately, they do not t upright
through the width of the doorway. If each speaker is 2,400 cubic
inches, what is the maximum width of her doorway.

401. Tory knows that the space in a local cathedral dome is 13,122
cubic feet. Using her knowledge of geometry, what does Tory
calculate the height of the dome to be?

Set 84

402. In art class, Billy adheres 32 identical half spheres to canvas. What
is their total surface area, not including the at side adhered to the
canvas, if the radius of one sphere is 8 centimeters?

403. Joe carves a perfect 3.0-meter wide sphere inside a right prism. If
the volume of the prism is 250.0 cubic meters, how much material
did he remove? How much material remains?

404. Theoretically, how many spherical shaped candies should t into a

cylindrical jar if the diameter of each candy is 0.50 inch, and the jar
is 4.50 inches wide and 6 inches long?

405. A sphere with a 2-foot radius rests inside a cube with edges 4.5 feet
long. What is the volume of the space between the sphere and the
cube assuming pi 3.14?

212
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 85

Use Puppet Dan to answer questions 406 through 414.

6 inches
6 inches

6 inches
2 inches

4 inches

3 inches
6 inches

2 inches
3 inches 2 inches

5 inches

1 inch

2 inches
2 inches

406. What is the volume of Puppet Dans hat if it measures 6 inches

wide by 6 inches high?

407. What is the volume of Puppet Dans head if it measures 6 inches

wide?

408. What is the volume of Puppet Dans arms if one segment measures
2 inches wide by 4 inches long?

213
 501 Geometry Questions

409. What is the volume of Puppet Dans hands if each one measures
2 inches wide?

410. What is the volume of Puppet Dans body if it measures 6 inches

wide and 6 inches long? Each end of the cylinder measures 6
inches wide.

411. What is the volume of Puppet Dans legs if each segment measures
2 inches wide by 5 inches long?

412. What is the volume of Puppet Dans feet if each foot measures
2 inches 2 inches 1 inch?

413. What is puppet Dans total volume?

414. Puppet Dan is made out of foam. If foam weighs 3 ounces per
cubic inch, how much does the total of puppet Dans parts weigh?

214
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 76

352. d. All the points of a circle are on the same plane; that includes the
points on a circle (points on the circumference), the center point,
interior points, and exterior points (unless otherwise stated).

353. a. A circle is a set of points equidistant from a center point.

Congruent circles have points that lie the same distance from two
different center points. Consequently, the radii (the line segments
that connect the center point to the points on a circle) of
congruent circles are congruent. Choices b and c are incorrect
because they describe secants. Choice d describes a chord.

354. d. Congruent circles have congruent radii; if their radii are

congruent, then their diameters are also congruent. Choice a
describes concentric circles, not congruent circles.

355. c. An exterior point is a point that lies outside a circle. Choice a

represents a set of interior points. Choice b represents a set of
points on P; and choice d is a mix of points in, on, and outside
of P.

356. b. 12 inches is a foot, so A lies on P. If the distance from A to

the center point measured less than the radius, then A would rest
inside P. If the distance from A to the center point measured
greater than the radius, then A would rest outside of P.

357. c. A diameter is a special chord; it is a line segment that bridges a

circle and passes through the center point.

358. c. As a tangent skims by a circle, it intercepts a point on that circle.

A radius spans the distance between the center point of a circle and
a point on the circle; like a tangent, a radius meets exactly one
point on a circle.

359. a. Billy acts as the central xed point of each of these four circles,
and circles with a common center point are concentric.

215
 501 Geometry Questions

360. d. A bulls-eye is a circle; the ight path of each arrow is a line.

The rst arrow is a tangent that also forms the leg of a right
triangle. The path of the second arrow forms the hypotenuse. Use
the Pythagorean theorem to nd the distance between Kim and
the center of the bulls-eye: 100 miles2 + 100 miles2 = c2. 10,000 sq.
miles + 10,000 sq. miles = c2. 20,000 sq. miles = c2. 1002  = c.

Set 77

361. x = 16. Tangent lines drawn from a single exterior point are
congruent to each of their points of interception with the circle;
 and EF
therefore, x is the sum of lengths AF  where  AF is
congruent to AB, and EF
 is congruent to ED.   is
AB is 4, and DE
 
the difference of CE and CD, or 12; x is 4 plus 12, or 16.

362. Diameter P = 0.5. The diameter of O is half the diamter of

M. The diameter of O is 1 in. The diameter of P is half the
diameter of O. The diameter of P is 0.5 inches.

363. B. Use the Pythagorean theorem to nd the length of each

circles radius:
A: 72 + b2 = 74
.2 49 + b2 = 74. b2 = 25. b = 5. Radius = 5.

2 = c2. 1 + 24 = c2. 25 = c2. 5 = c. Radius = 12(5) = 2.5.

B: 12 + 24
C: 102 + b2 = 102 .
2 100 + b2 = 200. b2 = 100. b = 10.

Radius = 12(10) = 5.
D: 2.52 + 18.75
2 = c2. 6.25 + 18.75 = c2. 25 = c2. 5 = c.
Radius = 5.
Only B is not congruent to A, C, and D.

364. O. Parallel lines form congruent arcs. Two diameters form
congruent arcs. Parallel tangent lines form congruent semi-
circles. Secants extending from a xed exterior point form
non-congruent arcs.

365. Radius = 15. Use the Pythagorean theorem to nd the length of


DF: a2 + 202 = 252.
a2 + 400 = 625. a2 = 225. a = 15.

216
 501 Geometry Questions

 is the height of
366. Area = 150 square inches. The length of ED
DEF. To nd the area of DEF, plug the measures of the radius
and the height into 12bh: 12(15 in. 20 in.) = 150 square inches.

367.

DHG is a major arc.

Set 78

368. b. The perimeter of a circle is twice the radius times pi: (2 57

inches).

369. d. The area of a circle is the radius squared times pi: (103 feet)2.

370. c. If the perimeter of a circle is 64 centimeters, then the radius of

that circle is half of 64, or 32 centimeters.

371. c. If the area of a square is 484 square feet, then the sides of the
square must measure 22 feet each. The diameter of an inscribed
circle has the same length as one side of the square. The maximum
area of an inscribed circle is (11 feet)2, or 121 square feet.

372. b. The circumference of a circle is pi times twice the radius. 192

feet is twice the length of the radius; therefore half of 192 feet, or
96 feet, is the actual length of the radius.

373. a. The area of a circle is pi times the square of its radius. If 289 feet
is the square of the circles radius, then 17 feet is the length of its
radius. Choice c is not the answer because 144.5 is half of 289, not
the square root of 289.

374. d. If the apothem of a dodecagon is 13 meters, then the radii of an

inscribed circle are also 13 meters. The area of the circle is (13
meters)2, or 169 square meters.

375. a. The length of arc BD is a quarter of the circumference of C,

or 16 feet.

376. b. A quarter of 360 is 90; it is a right angle.

217
 501 Geometry Questions

377. c. This question is much simpler than it seems. The half circles
that cap square ABCD form the same area as the circular void in
the center. Find the area of square ABCD, and that is your answer.
12 feet 12 feet = 144 feet. Choice a and d are the same answer.
Choice b is a negative area and is incorrect.

Set 79

378. b. The radii of L and M are half the radius of K. Their areas
equal (7.5 feet)2, or 56.25 square feet each. The area of K is
(152), or 225 square feet. Subtract the areas of circles L and M
from the area of K: 225 sq. ft. 112.5 sq. ft. = 112.5 square
feet.

379. b. Though M has half the radius of K, it has a fourth of the
area of K. 56.25 square feet: 225.0 square feet, or 1:4.

380. Radius = 45 feet. Use the Pythagorean theorem: a2 + 602 = 752 .

a2 + 3,600 = 5,625. a2 = 2,025. a = 45 feet.

381. The area of AO is (45 feet)2, or 2,025 square feet. If central

angle AOC measures 60, then the area inside the central angle is
1
 the total area of O, or 337.5 square feet. The area of ABO is
6
1
(45 feet 60 feet), or 1,350 square feet. Subtract the area inside
2
the central angle from the area of the triangle: shaded area = 1,350
square feet 337.5 square feet.

1 1
382. The area of one semicircle is 2(r2): A = 2(2.5 in.2). A 3.125
square inches. Multiply the area of one semicircle by 6: 6 3.125
square inches 18.75 square inches.

383. The surface area of a cube is 6(4 inches2), or 96 square inches.

Subtract the area of six semicircles from the surface area of the
cube: remaining surface area = 96 square inches 18.75
square inches.


384. Area = 18.4 square inches. CD is part of a concentric circle
outside O. Its area is (14 inches)2, or 196 square inches. A 45
slice of that area is one-eighth the total area, or 24.5 square

218
 501 Geometry Questions

inches. This is still not the answer. The area of O is (7 inches)2,

or 49 square inches. Again, a 45 slice of that area is one-eighth
the total area, or 6.1 square inches. Subtract the smaller wedge
from the larger wedge, and the shaded area is 18.4 square inches.

385. 1.8 inches. The circumference of O is 14 inches. A 45 slice

of that circumference is one-eighth the circumference, or 1.8
inches.

386. 3.5 inches. The circumference of concentric O is 28 inches.

An eighth of that circumference is 3.5 inches.

 
387. No. AB and CD may have the same rotation, but they do not
have the same length.

Set 80

388. Area = 48 square feet. Use the Pythagorean theorem to nd 

AG.
(42 
 ft.)2 = (4 ft.)2 + b2. 32 sq. ft. = 16 sq. ft. + b2. b = 4 ft. If AG
  
equals 4 feet, then AF and EF equal 8 feet, and AE equals 16 feet.
The area of a trapezoid is half its height times the sum of its bases:
1
(4 ft.)(8 ft. + 16 ft.) = 2(24) = 48 square feet.
2

389. Area 14.88 square feet. The shaded area is the difference of
BCDs area and the area between chord BD and arc BD. The
height of BCD is 6 feet. Its area is 12(6 ft. 8 ft.) = 24 sq. ft. The

area of BD is tricky. It is the area of the circle contained within
BFD minus the area of inscribed BFD. Central angle BFD is a
right angle; it is a quarter of a circles rotation and a quarter of its
area. The circles radius is 42  feet. The area of circle F is
(42  ft.)2, or 32 square feet. A quarter of that area is 8 square
feet. The area of BFD is 12(42  ft. 42  ft.) = 16 sq. ft. Subtract
16 square feet from 8 square feet, then subtract that answer from
24 square feet and your answer is approximately 14.88 square feet.

219
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 81

390. x = 6 feet. The radius of cylinder P is represented by x ; it is the

only missing variable in the volume formula. Plug in and solve:
432 cubic ft. = (x2)12 ft. 36 sq. ft. = x2. 6 feet = x.

391. Surface area = 216 square feet. The surface area of a cylinder is
2r2 + 2rh: Plug the variables in and solve: Sa = 2(6 ft)2 + 2(6 ft.
12 ft.). 72 sq. ft.+ 144 sq. ft. = 216 sq. ft.

392. Total volume = 864 cubic feet. This problem is easier than you
think. Each cone has exactly the same volume. The three cones
together equal the volume of the cylinder. Multiply the volume of
the cylinder by 2, and you have the combined volume of all three
cones and the cylinder.

Set 82

1 4
393. x = 2 inch. The volume of a sphere is 3r3, where x is the value of
r. Plug the variables in and solve: 16 cubic in. = 43x3. 1

8 cubic in. =
x3. 12 inch = x.

1 1
394. y = 4 inch. The volume of a cone is 3 r2h, where y is the value of
r. Plug in the variables and solve: 916 cubic in. = 13y212 in. 1

96
cubic in. = 16y2. 116 sq. in. = y2. 14 inch = y.

395. Surface area = 1.0 square inch. The candy inside the wrapper is
a perfect sphere. Its surface area is 4r2. Plug the variables in and
solve: Sa = 4(0.5 inch)2. Sa = 1.0 square inch.

Set 83

1 4
396. Jarret. The volume of a half sphere is 2(3r3). Tracys half scoop is
then 12(43 1 inch3), or 23 cubic inches. The volume of a cone is
1 1
r2h. The ice cream in the cone is (1 inch2 3 inches), or
3 3
cubic inches. Jarret has 13 cubic inches more ice cream than Tracy.

397. 4 containers. The volume of each container is (2 in.)2(4 in.), or

16 cubic inches. One bag lls the volume of two containers. Two
bags will ll the volume of four containers.

220
 501 Geometry Questions

 inches. This is a multi step problem.

398. Circumference = 62
Find the radius of the roast: 2r = 12 inches. r = 6 inches. The
volume of the roast is (6 in.)2(4 in.), or 144 cubic inches. After
cooking, the roast is half is original volume, or 72 cubic inches.
Its new radius is 72 cubic inches = r2 4 inches. r = 32  inches.
The new circumference of the roast is 2r, or 62  inches.

399. 80 discs. This problem is not as hard as it might seem. A 4-inch-

wide discs diameter is 4 inches. Its circumference is 4 inches; it
will t snugly in a box with a 5 by 4.5 face. To nd how many CDs
will sit back-to-back in this container, divide the length of the
10 inches
container by the thickness of each disc: 
0.125 inches per disc = 80 discs.

400. Less than 20 inches. The radius of a single speaker is (r2 24

inches) = 2,400 cubic inches. r2 = 100 square inches. r = 10
inches. The width of each speaker is twice the radius, or 20 inches.
Munines door is less than 20 inches wide!

1 4 2
401. 27 feet. Half the volume of a sphere is 2(3r3), or 3r3. If the
volume is 13,122 cubic feet, then the radius is 27 feet. The height
of the dome is equal to the radius of the dome; therefore the
height is also 27 feet.

Set 84

402. 4,096 square centimeters. Surface area of a whole sphere is

4r2. The surface area of half a sphere is 2r2. Each spheres
surface area is 2(8 centimeters2), or 128 square centimeters.
Now, multiply the surface area of one half sphere by 32 because
there are 32 halves: 32 128 square centimeters = 4,096 square
centimeters.

403. Approximately 235.9 cubic meters. Joe removed the same

amount of material as volume in the sphere, or 43(1.5 meters)3,
which simplies to 4.5 cubic meters. The remaining volume is
250 cubic meters 4.5 cubic meters, or approximately 235.9
cubic meters.

221
 501 Geometry Questions

4
404. 1,518 candies. The volume of each candy is 3(0.25 inches)3, or
0.02 cubic inches. The volume of the jar is (2.25 inches2 6)
inches, or 30.375 cubic inches. Divide the volume of the jar by
30.375 cubic inches
the volume of a candy ( 
0.02 cubic inches ), and 1,518 candies can
theoretically t into the given jar (not including the space between
candies).

405. Remaining volume 57.6 ft. First, nd the volume of the cube,
which is (4.5 feet)3, or approximately 91.1 cubic feet. The volume
of the sphere within is only 43(2 feet)3, or approximately 33.5
cubic feet. Subtract the volume of the sphere from the volume of
the cube. The remaining volume is approximately 57.6 cubic feet.

Set 85

1 1
406. Volume of a cone = 3r2h. V = 3(3 in.)2(6 in.). V = 18 cubic
inches.

4 4
407. Volume of a sphere = 3r3. V = 3(3 in.)3. V = 36 cubic inches.

408. Volume of a cylinder = r2h. V = (1 in.2 4 in.) V = 4 cubic

inches. There are four arm segments, so four times the volume =
16 cubic inches.

4 4 4
409. Volume of a sphere = 3r3. V = 3(1 in.3). V = 3 cubic inches.
There are two handballs, so two times the volume =
8
 cubic inches.
3

222
 501 Geometry Questions

410. The body is the sum of two congruent half spheres, which is really
one sphere, and a cylinder. Volume of a sphere = 43r3. V = 43(3 in.)3.
V = 36 cubic inches. Volume of a cylinder = r2h. V = (3 in.)2 (6 in.);
V = 54 cubic inches. Total volume = 90 cubic inches.

411. Volume of a cylinder = r2h. V = (1 in.2 5 in.) V = 5 cubic

inches. There are four leg segments, so four times the volume =
20 cubic inches.

412. Each foot is a rectangular prism. Volume of a prism = length width

height. V = 2 in. 2 in. 1 in. V = 4 cubic inches. There are two
feet, so two times the volume = 8 cubic inches.

413. The sum of the volumes of its parts equals a total volume. 18
8
cubic inches + 36 cubic inches + 16 cubic inches + 3 cubic
inches + 90 cubic inches + 20 cubic inches 182.6 cubic inches
+ 8 cubic inches. If 3.14, then V 581.36 cubic inches.

3 ounces
414. Multiply:  c inch 581.36 cubic inches = 1,744.08 ounces.
1 cubi
Puppet Dan is surprisingly light for all his volume!

223
 17
Coordinate
Geometry

Geometry is about the relationships of objects in space. A point is a

location in space; a line is a series of locations in space; a plane is an expanse
of locations in space. Seem familiar? It all should; it is Chapter 1 revisited.
But if space is innitely long and wide, how do you locate something that
doesnt take up space? To locate points in space, graph a grid by drawing
horizontal and vertical lines.

5
4
3
2
1 origin

x-axis
5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5
1
2
3
4
5

y-axis
 501 Geometry Questions

A points position left or right of the origin is its x-coordinate; a points

position up or down from the x-axis is its y-coordinate. Every point has a
coordinate pair: (spaces left or right of the y-axis, spaces above or below the
x-axis).

Quadrant II Quadrant I

(3,2)
(3,1)

(5,2)
(2,3)

Quadrant III Quadrant IV

y

Plotting a Point on a Coordinate Plane

To plot a point from the origin, look at the coordinate pair. Using the rst
coordinate, count the number of spaces indicated right (x > 0) or left (x <
0) of the origin. Using the second coordinate, count the number of spaces
indicated up (y > 0) or down (y < 0) of the x-axis.

The Length of a Line

On a grid, every diagonal line segment has length; it is the hypotenuse of

an imaginary right triangle. Its length is the square root of the sum of the
square length of each leg. (It is the Pythagorean theorem revisited.)

226
 501 Geometry Questions

a=xx

b=yy

c = d (the distance between two points)

c2 = a2 + b2 (Pythagorean Theorem)

d2 = (x x)2 + (y y)2

(2 (2))
Pythagorean theorem
a2 + b2 + c2
a2 + b2 = c

(2 (+4))

Distance = x2 + y2
D = (2 4)2 + (2 2)2
D = (6)2 + (4)2
D = 36 + 16
D = 52 = 213

Set 86

Choose the best answer.

415. The origin is

a. where the x-axis begins.
b. where the y-axis begins.
c. where the x-axis intersects the y-axis.
d. not a location.

227
 501 Geometry Questions

416. A (3,2) lies in quadrant

a. I.
b. II.
c. III.
d. IV.

417. M (109,.3) lies in quadrant

a. I.
b. II.
c. III.
d. IV.

418. Q (.01,100) lies in quadrant

a. I.
b. II.
c. III.
d. IV.

419. R is 3 spaces right and one space above P (1,2). R lies in

quadrant
a. I.
b. II.
c. III.
d. IV.

420. B is 40 spaces left and .02 spaces above A (20,.18). B lies in

quadrant
a. I.
b. II.
c. III.
d. IV.

421. O is 15 spaces right and 15 spaces below N (15,0). O lies on

a. x-axis.
b. y-axis.
c. z-axis.
d. the origin.

228
 501 Geometry Questions

422. On a coordinate plane, y = 0 is

a. the x-axis.
b. the y-axis.
c. a solid line.
d. nitely long.

423. A baseball eld is divided into quadrants. The pitcher is the point
of origin. The second baseman and the hitter lie on the y-axis; the
rst baseman and the third baseman lie on the x-axis. If the hitter
bats a ball into the far left eld, the ball lies in quadrant
a. I.
b. II.
c. III.
d. IV.

424. A (12,3), B (0,3) and C (12,3) are

a. noncoplanar.
b. collinear.
c. noncollinear.
d. a line.

425. G (14,2), H (1,15) and I (3,0)

a. determine a plane.
b. are collinear.
c. are noncoplanar.
d. are a line.

426. The distance between J (4,5) and K (2,0) is

a. 11
.
b. 29
.
c. 61
.
d. 22
.

229
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 87

State the coordinate pair for each point.

x
C

427. A

428. B

429. C

430. D

230
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 88

Plot each point on the same coordinate plane. Remember to label

each point appropriately.

431. From the origin, plot M (4,5).

432. From the origin, plot N (12,1).

433. From the origin, plot O (3,6).

434. From M, plot P (0,1).

435. From N, plot Q (4,0).

436. From O, plot R (7,3).

231
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 89

Find the distance between each given pair of points.

437. A (0,4) and B (0,32)

438. C (1,2) and D (4,1)

439. E (3,3) and F (7,3)

440. G (17,0) and H (3,0)

232
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 86

415. c. The origin, whose coordinate pair is (0,0), is in fact a location. It

is where the x-axis meets the y-axis. It is not the beginning of
either axis because both axes extend innitely in opposite
directions, which means they have no beginning and no end.

416. c. Both coordinates are negative: count three spaces left of the
origin; then count two spaces down from the x-axis. A is in
quadrant III.

417. b. You do not need to actually count 109 spaces left of the origin to
know that M lies left of the y-axis. Nor do you need to count
three tenths of a space to know that M lies above the x-axis.
Points left of the y-axis and above the x-axis are in quadrant II.

418. a. Again, you do not need to count one-hundredth of a space right

of the origin or a hundred spaces up from the x-axis to nd in which
quadrant Q lies. To know which quadrant Q lies in, you only need
to know that Q is right of the y-axis and above the x-axis. Points
right of the y-axis and above the x-axis lie in quadrant I.

419. d. To nd a new coordinate pair, add like coordinates: 3 + (1) = 2.

1 + (2) = 1. This new coordinate pair is R (2,1); R lies in
quadrant IV.

420. b. To nd a new coordinate pair, add like coordinates: (40) + 20 =

20. .02 + .18 = .20. This new coordinate pair is B (20,.20); B
lies in quadrant II.

421. b. To nd a new coordinate pair, add like coordinates: 15 + (15) =

0. (15) + 0 = 15. This new coordinate pair is (0,15); any point
whose x-coordinate is zero.

422. a. The y-coordinate of every point on the x-axis is zero.

233
 501 Geometry Questions

423. b. Draw a baseball eldits exact shape is irrelevant; only the

alignment of the players matter. They form the axis of the
coordinate plane. The ball passes the pitcher and veers left of the
second baseman; it is in the second quadrant.

424. b. A, B, and C are collinear; they could be connected to make a

horizontal line, but they are not a line. Choice a is incorrect
because all points on a coordinate plane are coplanar.

425. a. Three noncollinear points determine a plane. Choices b and d

are incorrect because G, H, and I do not lie on a common line,
nor can they be connected to form a straight line. Caution: Do not
assume points are noncollinear because they do not share a
common x or y coordinate. To be certain, plot the points on a
coordinate plane and try to connect them with one straight line.

426. c. First, nd the difference between like coordinates: x x and

y y: 4 (2) = 6. 5 0 = 5. Square both differences: 62 = 36.
(5)2 = 25. Remember a negative number multiplied by a negative
number is a positive number. Add the squared differences together,
and take the square root of their sum: 36 + 25 = 61. d = 61. If you
chose choice a, then your mistake began after you squared 5; the
square of a negative number is positive. If you chose choice b, then
your mistake began when subtracting the x-coordinates; two
negatives make a positive. If you chose d, then you didnt square
your differences; you doubled your differences.

Set 87

427. A (1,6). To locate A from the origin, count one space right of the
origin and six spaces up.

428. B (4,2.5). To locate B from the origin, count four spaces left of
the origin and two and a half spaces up.

429. C (7,0). To locate C from the origin, count seven spaces right of
the origin and no spaces up or down. This point lies on the x-axis.

234
 501 Geometry Questions

430. D (0,3). To locate D from the origin, count no spaces left or

right, but count 3 spaces down from the origin. This point lies on
the y-axis, and x equals zero.

Set 88

For questions 431 436. see the graph below.

P (4,6)
M (4,5)

Q (8,1) N (12,1)

O (-3,6)

R (-10,9)

Set 89

437. Distance = 28. d2 = (0 0)2 + (4 32)2. d2 = 02 + (28)2. d2 = 784.

d = 28. Because these two points form a vertical line, you could just
count the number of spaces along the lines length to nd the
distance between A and B.

438. Distance = 26. d2 = (1 4)2 + (2 (1))2. d2 = (5)2 + (1)2.

d2 = 25 + 1. d = 26
.

439. Distance = 10. d2 = (3 7)2 + (3 3)2. d2 = (10)2 + 02. d2 = 100.

d = 10. Again, because these two points form a horizontal line, you

235
 501 Geometry Questions

could just count the number of spaces along the lines length to
nd the distance between E and F.

440. Distance = 20. d2 = (17 (3))2 + (0 0)2. d2 = (20)2 + 02. d2 = 400.

d = 20. Because these two points also form a horizontal line, you
could just count the spaces along the lines length to nd the
distance between G and H.

236
The Slope of a Line
18
The SLOPE of a line is the measure of its incline.
no slope

increasing increasing
incline incline

zero slope zero slope

A horizontal line has zero slope. As incline increases, slope increases

until the line is vertical; the slope of a vertical line is undened, also called
no slope. Think of slope as the effort to climb a hill. A horizontal surface
is zero effort; a steep hill takes a lot of effort, and a vertical surface cannot
be climbed without equipment.
 501 Geometry Questions

Finding Slope

Slope is represented by a ratio of height to length (the legs of a right tri-

angle), or rise to run. It is written as X
Y
, where Y is the change in vertical
distance, and X is the change in horizontal distance.

Slope A is negative
B A Slope B is positive
y Slope C is positive
y
Slope D is negative
x
x
x-axis
x

y y D

C
x

y-axis

Note: Positive and negative slopes indicate direction of an incline. A pos-

itive slope rises from left to right. A negative slope descends from left to
right, or rises from right to left.

Slope in a Line Equation

Every line on a coordinate plane has a line equation. Most of those line
equations have two variables, x and y. You can substitute the coordinate val-
ues for every point on that line into the equation and still satisfy the equa-
tion. When a line equation is written as y = mx + b, the slope of the line is
the value of m.

The Slopes of Perpendicular and Parallel Lines

Parallel lines have the same slope. Perpendicular lines have negative
reciprocal slopes. If a slope is 12, a perpendicular slope is 2.

238
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 90

Choose the best answer.

441. Pam and Sam are climbing different hills with the same incline. If
each hill were graphed, they would have the same
a. equation.
b. slope.
c. length.
d. coordinates.

442. In American homes, a standard stair rises 7 for every 9. The

slope of a standard staircase is
7
a. .
9
2
b. .
7
16
c. .
9
9
d. .
7

1
443. Which equation is a line perpendicular to y = 2x + 4?
1
a. x +4
2
b. y = 2x + 8
c. y = 2x + 8
d. y = 12x + 8

444. Bethanys ramp to her ofce lobby rises 3 feet for every 36 feet.
The incline is
36 feet

a. 1 foot .
12 feet
b. .
1 foot
1 foot
c.  
12 fe et .
36 feet

d. 3 fe
et .

239
 501 Geometry Questions

14
445. Which equation is a line parallel to y = 1
5 x + 7?

a. y = 1145 x + 12
b. y = 1154 x + 7
14
c. y =  
15 x + 12

d. y = 1154 x + 12

446. The y-axis has

a. zero slope.
b. undened slope.
c. positive slope.
d. negative slope.

Set 91

State the slope for each of the following diagrams.

447.

(10,2)

x-axis
(0,0)

(2,6)

y-axis

240
 501 Geometry Questions

448.

(1,10)

x-axis
(1,0)

y-axis

241
 501 Geometry Questions

449.

(3,0)
x-axis

(0,5)

y-axis

242
 501 Geometry Questions

450.

(7,5) (11,5)

x-axis

y-axis

Set 92

Draw each line on one coordinate plane.

451. M (0,6) lies on line l, which has a 52 slope. Draw line l.

452. Q (3,4) lies on line m, which has a 3 slope. Draw line m.

453. S (9,2) lies on line n, which has a 10..05 slope. Draw line n.

243
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 93

Use distance and slope formulas to prove the validity of questions 454
through 456.

454. Show that the gure with vertices A (2,5), B (6,1), and C (6,5) is
a right triangle.

455. Show that the gure with vertices A (8,3), B (6,5), C (4,5), and
D (2, 3) is a parallelogram.

456. Show that the gure with vertices A (5,5), B (5,1), C (1,1),
and D (1,7) is a trapezoid.

244
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 90

441. b. If two lines have the same incline, they rise the same amount
over the same distance; the relationship of rise over distance is
slope.

442. a. If every step rises 7 for every 9, then the relationship of rise
over distance is 79.

443. b. In the slope-intercept formula, the constant preceding the

variable x is the lines slope. Since perpendicular lines have slopes
that are negative reciprocals, a line perpendicular to y = 12x + 4
must have a 21 slope.

444. c. If the ramp rises 3 feet for every 36 feet, then the relationship of
3 foot 1 foot
rise over distance is  
36 feet . The simplied ratio is  
12 feet .

445. c. Parallel lines have the same rise over distance ratio, or slope.
That means in slope-intercept equations, the constant before the
x-variable will be the same. In this case, 1145 must precede x in both
equations. Choices b and d are perpendicular line equations
because their slopes are negative reciprocals of the given slope.
Choice a is an entirely different line.

1
446. b. The y-axis is a vertical line; its slope is 0 or undened (some-
times referred to as no slope). The x-axis is an example of a
horizontal line; horizontal lines have zero slope. Positive slopes are
non-vertical lines that rise from left to right; negative slopes are
non-vertical lines that descend from left to right.

Set 91

2
447. 3. Subtract like coordinates: 2 10 = 12. 6 2 = 8. Place the
vertical change in distance over the horizontal change in distance:
8

1
2 . Then reduce the top and bottom of the fraction by 4. The
nal slope is 23.

245
 501 Geometry Questions

448. 5. Subtract like coordinates: 1 1 = 2. 0 10 = 10. Place the

vertical change in distance over the horizontal change in distance:
120. Then reduce the top and bottom of the fraction by 2. The
nal slope is 5.

5
449. 3. Subtract like coordinates: 3 0 = 3. 0 (5) = 5. Place the
vertical change in distance over the horizontal change in distance:
5 5

3. The slope is .
3

0
450. 0 (zero slope). Horizontal lines have zero slope (
1
8 = 0).

Set 92

For questions 451 453, see the graph below.

x axis

Q l

n
m

y axis

246
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 93

454. You could draw the gure, or you could nd the slope between
4
each line. The slope of  (5 (1))
AB is  (2 6)  4  1. The slope of BC
  
(1 (5))
is 
4  is 
  . The slope of CA , or . 
(5 (5)) 0
BC is vertical
(6 6) 0 (6 2) 4
 is horizontal because its slope
because its slope is undened; CA
equals zero. Horizontal and vertical lines meet perpendicularly;
therefore ABC is a right triangle.

455. Again, you could draw gure ABCD in a coordinate plane and
visually conrm that it is a parallelogram, or you could nd the
slope and distance between each point. The slope of AB is
(3 5)
 , or 22. The distance between A and B is (2)
(8 (6)) + 2(2)2,
or 22. The slope of  BC is (5 5)

0

(6 4) , or 10 . The distance between B
and C is the difference of the x coordinates, or 10. The slope of  CD
(5 3) 2
,
(4 2) , or 2 . The distance between C and D is 2 .
is    2 + 22 or 22

The slope of line DA  is , or . The distance between D

(3 3) 0
(8 2) 10
and A is the difference of the x-coordinates, or 10. From the
calculations above you know that opposite AB and CD  have the
same slope and length, which means they are parallel and con-
 and DA
gruent. Also opposite lines BC  have the same zero slope
and lengths; again, they are parallel and congruent; therefore
gure ABCD is a parallelogram because opposite sides AB /CD and
/DA
BC  are parallel and congruent.

456. You must prove that only one pair of opposite sides in gure
ABCD is parallel and noncongruent. Slope AB is 04 ; its length is
 is 0; its length is
the difference of y coordinates, or 4. Slope BC 4
 is 6; its length is
the difference of x coordinates, or 4. Slope of CD 0
 is (1); its
the difference of y coordinates, or 6. Finally, slope of DA 2
2
length is 42 + (,  and CD
. Opposite sides AB
2) or 25  have the
same slope but measure different lengths; therefore they are
parallel and noncongruent. Figure ABCD is a trapezoid.

247
 19
The Equation
of a Line

The standard linear line equation is ax + by = c. It has no exponents

greater than one and at least one variable (x or y).
 501 Geometry Questions

Points on a Line

Every point on a line will satisfy the lines equation. To nd whether a point
satises the equation, plug it in. To nd points along a line, use a single vari-
able. Plug it in and solve for the unknown coordinate. Using a chart to
monitor your progress will help you.

x 2x + 1y = 1 y

2(1) + 1y = 1
2 + y = 1
1 1
+2 +2
y= 1

2(0) + 1y = 1
0 0 + y = 1 1
y = 1

2(1) + 1y = 1
+2 + y = 1
1 3
2 2
y = 3

250
 501 Geometry Questions

The Slope-Intercept Equation

A special arrangement of the linear equation looks like y = mx + b. m rep-

resents the lines slope. b represents the y coordinate where the line crosses
the y-axis.

x axis

rise
(0,2) y intercept
run

slope = rise 2 y = 1x 2
run = 2

y axis

Set 94

Choose the best answer.

457. In the linear equation y = 4x + 5, the y-intercept is

a. (5,0).
b. (4,0).
c. (0,4).
d. (0,5).

251
 501 Geometry Questions

2
458. The slope of linear equation y = 3x 1 is
a. 2.
b. 23.
3
c. .
2
d. 3.

1
459. What is the value of b if (2,3) satises the equation y = 2x + b.
a. 2
b. 1
c. 3
d. 4

12 2
460. What is the value of y if (1, y) satises the equation y = 5x + 5.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 1

461. Convert the linear equation 4x 2y = 4 into a slope-intercept

equation.
a. y = 2x 2
b. y = 2x + 2
c. x = 12y 2
d. x = 12y + 2

462. A (4,0), B (0,3), and C (8,9) satisfy which equation?

a. y = 43x + 3
b. y = 34x + 0
c. y = 34x + 3
d. y = 68x + 9

463. Find the missing y value if A, B, and C are collinear: A (3,1),

B (0, y), and C (3,9).
a. 1
b. 1
c. 3
d. 5

252
 501 Geometry Questions

464. Which line perpendicularly meets line 1x + 2y = 4 on the y-axis?

a. y = 12x + 2
b. y = 2x + 2
c. y = 2x 2
d. y = 12x 2

1 1 1
465. A (0, 2) satises which equation that parallels 2x + 4y = 8?
a. y= 2x + 12
1 1
b. y= x + 
2 2
c. y = 2x 2
d. y = 2x + 12

Set 95

A point of interception is a point in space shared by two or more lines. At

a point of interception, line equations are equal.

For each set of equations below, find the point of interception.

1
466. y = 2x + 4
y = 4x + 1

6 1
467. y = 5x 2
y = 1x + 1

1
468. 2 y = 2x + 6
y = 13x 13

469. y = 10x 2
y + 3 = 45x

470. 1x + 2y = 4
5
x
2 y = 12

253
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 96

Use the line equations below to answer questions 471 through 474.

x=0
y=0
y = x 3.

471. What are the vertices of ABC?

472. What is the special name for ABC?

473. What is the perimeter of ABC?

474. What is the area of ABC?

Set 97

Use the line equations below to answer questions 475 through 479.

y = 13x 3
y = 13x 1
y = 13x 1
y = 13x 3

475. What are the vertices of quadrilateral ABCD?

476. Show that quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram.

 and 
477. Show that diagonals AC BD perpendicular.

478. What special parallelogram is quadrilateral ABCD?

479. What is the area of quadrilateral ABCD?

254
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 94

457. d. When a line intercepts the y-axis, its x value is always zero.
Immediately, choices a and b are eliminated. In the slope-y
intercept equation, the number without a variable beside it is the y
value of the y intercept coordinate pair. Choice c is eliminated
because 4 is actually the lines slope value.

458. b. In the slope-y intercept equation, the number preceding the x

variable is the lines slope. In this case that number is the entire
fraction 23.

1
459. d. Plug the value of x and y into the equation and solve: 3 = 2(2) +
b. 3 = (1) + b. 4 = b.

12 2
460. b. Plug the value of x into the equation and solve: y = 5(1) + 5 y
= 152 + 25 y = 150 y = 2.

461. a. To convert a standard linear equation into a slope- intercept

equation, single out the y variable. Subtract 4x from both sides:
2y = 4x + 4. Divide both sides by 2: y = 2x 2. Choices c and d
are incorrect because they single out the x variable. Choice b is
incorrect because after both sides of the equation are divided by
2, the signs were not reversed on the right hand side.

(0 3) 3
462. c. Find the slope between any two of the given points: 
( 4 
0) = 
4,
or 34. B is the y intercept. Plug the slope and y value of B into the
formula y = mx + b. y = 34x + 3.

463. d. The unknown y value is also the intercept value of a line that
connects all three points. First, nd the slope between A and C:
8 -4
3 3 = 6. 1 (9) = 8. -6, or 3 represents the slope. From
A, count right three spaces and down four spaces. You are at point

(0,5). From this point, count right three spaces and down four
spaces. You are at point (3,9). Point (0,5) is on the line
connecting A and C; 5 is your unknown value.

255
 501 Geometry Questions

464. b. First, convert the standard linear equation into a slope-y

intercept equation. Isolate the y variable: 2y = 1x + 4. Divide both
sides by 2: y = 12x + 2. A line that perpendicularly intercepts this
line on the y-axis has a negative reciprocal slope but has the same y
intercept value: y = 2x + 2.

465. c. First, convert the standard linear equation into a slope-intercept

equation. Isolate the y variable: 14y = 12x + 18. Multiply both sides
by 4: y = 2x + 12. A parallel line will have the same slope as the
given equation; however the y intercept will be different:
y = 2x 2.

2 11 1 1
466. (3,3). Line up equations and solve for x: 2x + 4 = 4x + 1. 2x +
4x = 3. 92x = 3. x = 23. Insert the value of x into one equation and
solve for y: y = 12(23) + 4. y = 13 + 4. y = 131. To check your answer,
11
plug the x and y value into the second equation. 
3 = 4(23) + 1.
11

3 = 83 + 33. 11

3 = 131. If opposite sides of the equal sign are the
same, then your solution is correct.

15 7 6 1
467. (22,2
2 ). Line up equations and solve for x: 5x 2 = 1x + 1.
6
-5x 1x = 12 + 1. 151x = 32. x = 1252. Insert the value of x into one
equation and solve: y = 1252 + 1. y = 272.

37 8
468. (13,1
3 ). First, rearrange the rst equation so that only the
variable y is on one side of the equal sign. y = 21(2x + 6). y = 4x +
12. Line up equations and solve for x: 4x + 12 = 13x 13. 4x + 13x =
12 13. 13
x
3 = 337 . x = 3173 . Insert the value of x into one equation
and solve for y: 12y = 2(3173) + 6. 1
y
2 = 7143 + 7183 . 1
y
2 = 143 . y = 183 .

5 71
469. (4
6 ,
23 ). First, rearrange the second equation so that only the
variable y is on one side of the equal sign: y = 45x 3. Line up
equations and solve for x: 45x 3 = 10x 2. 4
x
5 10x = 3 2.
456x = 1. x = 456 . Insert the value of x into one equation and solve
for y: y = 10(456 ) 2. y = 5406 9426 . y = 
142

71

46 . y = 23 .

256
 501 Geometry Questions

5 19
470. (6,12). First, rearrange both equations to read, y equals: 2y = 4
x. y = 2 12x; y = 12 52x. y = 12 + 52x. Line up equations and
solve for x: 2 12x = 12 + 52x. 2 + 12 = 12x + 52x. 5

2 = 62x. 5

6 = x. Insert
the value of x into one equation and solve: 56 + 2y = 4. 2y = 264 56.
2y = 169. y = 1192 .

Set 95

471. A (0,0), B (3,0), and C (0,-3). Usually, in pairs, you would

solve for each point of interception; however, x = 0 (the y-axis) and
y = 0 (the x-axis) meet at the origin; therefore the origin is the rst
point of interception. One at a time, plug x = 0 and y = 0 into the
equation y = x 3 to nd the two other points of interception: y = 0
3. y = 3; and 0 = x 3. 3 = x. The vertices of ABC are A (0, 0),
B (3,0), and C (0,3).

 has zero slope; CA

472. ABC is an isosceles right triangle. AB  has
no slope, or undened slope. They are perpendicular, and they
both measure 3 lengths. ABC is an isosceles right triangle.

 and CA
 units. AB
473. Perimeter = 6 units + 32  are three units
long. Using the Pythagorean theorem or the distance formula, nd
. d = 3
the length of BC .2 + 32 d = 18
. d = 32 . The
perimeter of ABC is the sum of the lengths of its sides: 3 + 3 +
32  = 6 + 32.

1
474. Area = 4.5 square units. The area of ABC is 2 its height times
1
its length, or (3
2 3). a = 4.5 square units.

257
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 96

475. In pairs, nd each point of interception:

A (3,2). 13x 3 = 13x 1. 13x 13x = 3 1. 23x = 2. x = 3;

y = 13(3) 3. y = 1 3. y = 2.
B (0,1). 13x 1 = 13x 1. 1
x
3 + 13x = 1 1. 2
x
3 = 0. x = 0;
y = 13 (0) 1. y = 1.
C (3,2). 13x 1 = 13x 3. 13x 13x = 1 3. 23x = 2. x = 3;
y = 13 (3) 1. y = 1 1. y = 2.
D (0,3). 13x 3 = 13x 3. 1
x
3 + 13x = 3 3. 2
x
3 = 0. x = 0;
y = 13 (0) 3. y = 3.

476. In slope-intercept form, the slope is the constant preceding x. You

can very quickly determine that  , and BC
AB and CD , and DA
 have
the same slopes. The length of each line segment is:

mAB = 10
. d = (3
) 02
2 + ()
1.
2 d = 9
.+ 1 d = 10
.

mBC = 10
. d = (0
 3)2
+ (1.
2)2 d = 9
.+ 1 d = 10
.

mCD = 10
. d = (3
 0)2
+ (2.
3)2 d = 9
.+ 1 d = 10
.

mDA = 10
. d = (0
) 33
2 + ()
2.
2 d = 9
.+ 1 d = 10
.

477. The slope of a line is the change in y over the change in x. The
slope of  2 (2)
AC is  
0
   1 (3)

2

3 3 , or 6 . The slope of BD is 0 0 , or 0 .
Lines with zero slopes and no slopes are perpendicular; therefore
 and 
diagonals AC BD are perpendicular.

478. Rhombus. Quadrilateral ABCD is a rhombus because opposite

sides are parallel, all four sides are congruent, and diagonals are
perpendicular.

479. Area = 12 square units. The area of a rhombus is its base times its
height or half the product of its diagonals. In this case, half the
product of its diagonals is the easiest to nd because the diagonals
are vertical and horizontal lines. AC is 6 units long while BD
 is 2
1
units long: 2(6 units)(2 units) = 6 units.

258
 20
Trigonometry Basics

Geometry provides the foundation for trigonometry. Look at the

triangles on the next page. They are right similar triangles: their cor-
responding angles are congruent and their corresponding sides are in
proportion to each other.
 501 Geometry Questions

K
20 16

B
10 8

5 4

A 3 C J 6 L R 12 T

3 : 6 : 12
4 8 16, or

4 : 8 : 16
5 10 20, or

3 : 6 : 12
5 10 20, etc.

Create a ratio using any two sides of just the rst triangle. Compare that
ratio to another ratio using the corresponding sides of the triangle next of
it. They are equal. Compare these two ratios to the next similar triangle. All
three are equal, and they always will be.

260
 501 Geometry Questions

Unlike the Pythagorean theorem, trigonometric ratios do not call the

legs of a right triangle a or b. Instead, they are called adjacent or opposite
to an angle in the right triangle.
A A

adjacent A opposite B

O B O B
opposite A adjacent B

o BO o AO
Sin A = Sin B =
h AB h AB

a AO a BO
Cos A = Cos B =
h AB h AB

o = BO o = AO
Tan A Tan B
a AO a BO

Each combination of sides has a special name:

opposite leg o
Sine = 
hypotenuse , or Sin = h
 

adjacent leg a
Cosine = 
hypotenuse , or Cos = h
 

opposite leg o
Tangent = 
adjacent leg , or Tan = a
 

(If you can remember this phrase, then you will remember
the order of each ratio:
O Heck, Another Hour Of Algebra)

Using a Trigonometric Table

Trigonometric ratios for all acute angles are commonly listed in tables. Sci-
entic calculators also have functions for the trigonometric ratios. Consult

261
 501 Geometry Questions

your calculator handbook to make sure you have your calculator in the
degree, and not the radian setting. Part of a trigonometric table is given
below.

Angle Sin Cos Tan

16 0.276 0.961 0.287
17 0.292 0.956 0.306
18 0.309 0.951 0.325
19 0.326 0.946 0.344
20 0.342 0.940 0.364

21 0.358 0.934 0.384

22 0.375 0.927 0.404
23 0.391 0.921 0.424
24 0.407 0.914 0.445
25 0.423 0.906 0.466

26 0.438 0.899 0.488

27 0.454 0.891 0.510
28 0.470 0.883 0.532
29 0.485 0.875 0.554
30 0.500 0.866 0.577
31 0.515 0.857 0.601
32 0.530 0.848 0.625
33 0.545 0.839 0.649
34 0.559 0.829 0.675
35 0.574 0.819 0.700

36 0.588 0.809 0.727

37 0.602 0.799 0.754
38 0.616 0.788 0.781
39 0.629 0.777 0.810
40 0.643 0.766 0.839

41 0.656 0.755 0.869

42 0.669 0.743 0.900
43 0.682 0.731 0.933
44 0.695 0.719 0.966
45 0.707 0.707 1.000

262
 501 Geometry Questions

Example: Find each value.

a. cos 44
b. tan 42

Solution:
a. cos 44 = 0.719
b. tan 42 = 0.900

Example: Find mA.

a. sin A = 0.656
b. cos A = 0.731

Solution:
a. mA = 41
b. mA = 43

Angles and Their Trigonometric Ratio

A trigonometric ratio can determine either of a triangles acute angles. First,

choose the trigonometric function that addresses the angle you are looking
for and uses the sides given.
In ABC,   is 10 inches. Vertex A is a right angle.
AB is 5 inches and BC
What is the rotation of B?

adjacent
Cos B = 
hypot
enuse

Cos B = 150

Divide the ratio into its decimal equivalent; then nd the decimal equiv-
alent on the trigonometric chart under the trigonometric function you used
(sin, cos, or tan).

Cos B = 0.500

mB = 60

263
 501 Geometry Questions

How to Find a Side Using a Trigonometric

Ratio and Angle

If one side and an angle are given in a right triangle and a second side is
unknown, determine the relationship of both sides to the given angle. Select
the appropriate trigonometric function and nd its decimal value on the
chart. Then solve.
In ABC, BC is 20 inches and B is 30. A is a right angle. Find the
length of side CA.

opposite
Sin 30 = 
hypot
enuse

CA
Sin 30 = 
20


CA
0.500 = 
20


10 = CA

264
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 98

Choose the best answer. Trigonometric ratios are rounded to the

nearest thousandth.

12
480. Sin A = 1
6 for which of the following triangles?

a. A

16

C 12 B

b. A

12

C 16 B

c. A

16 12

C B

d. A

16

C 12 B

265
 501 Geometry Questions

13
481. Tan A = 1
2 for which of the following triangles?

a. A

13 12

C B

b. A

12

C 13 B

c. A

13

C 12 B

d. A

13

C 12 B

266
 501 Geometry Questions

13
482. Cos B = 3
3 for which of the following triangles?

a. A

13

33
33

C 13 B

b. A

13

C 33 B

c. A

13 33

C B

d. A

33

C 13 B

483. Which trigonometric function can equal or be greater than 1.000?

a. Sine
b. Cosine
c. Tangent
d. none of the above

267
 501 Geometry Questions

484. A plane ascends at a 40 angle. When it reaches an altitude of one

hundred feet, how much ground distance has it covered? To solve,
use the trigonometric chart. Round the answer to the nearest
tenth.
a. 64.3 feet
b. 76.6 feet
c. 80.1 feet
d. 119.2 feet

485. A 20 ft. beam leans against a wall. The beam reaches the wall
13.9 ft. above the ground. What is the measure of the angle
formed by the beam and the ground?
a. 44
b. 35
c. 55
d. 46

486. Which set of angles has the same trigonometric ratio?

a. Sin 45 and tan 45
b. Sin 30 and cos 60
c. Cos 30 and tan 45
d. Tan 60 and sin 45

487. What is the sum of trigonometric ratios Sin 54 and Cos 36?
a. 0.809
b. 1.618
c. 1.000
d. 1.536

488. What is the sum of trigonometric ratios Sin 33 and Sin 57?
a. 0.545
b. 1.000
c. 1.090
d. 1.384

489. What is the sum of trigonometric ratios Cos 16 and Cos 74?
a. 0.276
b. 0.961
c. 1.237
d. 1.922

268
 501 Geometry Questions

490. In ABC, vertex C is a right angle. Which trigonometric ratio has

the same trigonometric value as Sin A?
a. Sin B
b. Cosine A
c. Cosine B
d. Tan A

3
491. In ABC, Tan A = 4. The hypotenuse of ABC is
a. 3.
b. 4.
c. 5.
d. 9.

14
492. In ABC, Sin B = 17. The hypotenuse of ABC is
a. 14.
b. 17.
c. 485
.
d. 0.824.

22
493. In ABC, Cos C is 3
6 . The hypotenuse is
a. 22.
b. 36.
c. 0.611.
d. .
2445

Set 99

Circle whether each answer is True or False.

494. If Sin A = 358, them mA = 21.

True or False

495. The sum of the sine of an angle and the cosine of its complement
is always greater than 1.000. True or False

496. The trigonometric ratio of sin 45, cos 45, and tan 45 are equal.
True or False

269
 501 Geometry Questions

Set 100

Use the figure below to answer questions 497 through 500. Trigono-
metric ratios are rounded to the nearest thousandth.
A
Given:
EB = x
12
G
40

8 E C x B

F a H
4
y

27
D

497. What is the length of x?

498. What is the length of y?

499. What is mA?

500. What is the sum of Sin A and Sin G?

Set 101

Use the figure below to answer question 501. Trigonometric ratios

are rounded to the nearest thousandth.
A

20
5

40
C 2x B

501. What is the value of x?

270
 501 Geometry Questions

Answers

Set 98

480. a. The trigonometric ratio sine is the length of the side opposite an
angle over the length of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the
right angle).

481. b. The trigonometric ratio tangent is the length of the side

opposite an angle over the length of the side adjacent to the angle.

482. d. The trigonometric ratio cosine is the length of the side adjacent
to an angle over the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle).

483. c. The trigonometric ratios sine and cosine never equal or exceed
1.000 because the hypotenuse, the longest side of a right triangle,
is always their denominator. The trigonometric ratio Tangent can
equal and exceed the value 1.000 because the hypotenuse is never
its denominator.

484. d. The question seeks the length of a leg adjacent to 40. Your
only option is the trigonometric ratio tan. The trigonometric value
100 feet
of tan 40 is 0.839: 0.839 =  a
. a = 119.2 feet.

485. a. The problem provides the lengths of two legs and an unknown
angle. You could solve for a hypotenuse using the Pythagorean
theorem, and then use sine or cosine. But the least amount of work
uses what the question provides. Only the trigonometric ratio sin
uses the lengths of two legs. Divide 13.9 by 20 and match the
answer on the chart.

486. b. Observe the ratios formed by a 30-60-90 triangle: Sin A is

opposite over hypotenuse. Cos B is adjacent over hypotenuse.
What is opposite A is adjacent to B. The ratio is exactly the
same. The sin and cosine of opposite or complementary angles are
equal (example: sin 21 and cos 69, sin 52 and cos 38).

487. b. The value of sin 54 is the same as cos 36 because they are the
sine/cosine of complementary angles. 2 times 0.809 is 1.618.

271
 501 Geometry Questions

488. d. Look up the trigonometric values of sin 33 and sin 57. Add their
values together. However, if your trigonometric chart does not
cover 57, you could trace the trigonometric values of sin 33 and
cos 33, add them together and arrive at the same answer because
cos 33 is equivalent to sin 57.

489. c. Look up the values of cos 16 and the cos 74, and add them
together. If your chart does not cover 74, look up the values of cos
16 and the sin 16.

490. c. Choices b and d are the same angle as the given. Choice a uses
the side adjacent to A; that creates an entirely different ratio
from sin A. Only choice c uses the side opposite A (except it is
called the side adjacent B).

491. c. The trigonometric ratio tan does not include the hypotenuse. It
must be solved by using the Pythagorean theorem: 32 + 42 = c2.
25 = c2. 5 = c.

492. b. Sine is the length of the side opposite an angle over the length
of the hypotenuse; consequently, the answer is the denominator of
the given fraction. Choice d is the same ratio expressed as
decimals.

493. b. Cosine is the length of the side adjacent to an angle over the
length of the hypotenuse. Again, the hypotenuse and longest side
is always the denominator.

Set 99

494. True. Look on the chart or use a scientic calculator to verify that
sin 21 = .358.

495. False. Individually, the trigonometric values of sine and cosine

never exceed 1.0; the sum of either the sines or the cosines of
complementary angles always exceeds 1.0; but the sine of an angle
and the cosine of its complement do not always exceed 1.0. Try it:
Sin 17 + Sin 73 = 1.248. Cos 44 + Cos 46 = 1.414.
Sin 17 + Cos 73 = 0.584. Cos 44 + Sin 46 = 1.438.

272
 501 Geometry Questions

496. False. Only sine and cosine have the same trigonometric ratio
value at 45. At 45, the trigonometric ratio tan equals 1.

Set 100

497. x 14.303. Using the angle given (you can use A; as Bs

 is opposite B, and 
complement, it measures 50), AE BE is
adjacent B. Tan 40 = opposite/adjacent. Tan 40 = a . 0.839 = 1a2.

12

a (to the nearest thousandth) 14.303.

498. y 14.024. Half of  , or half of 14.303 is 7.152.

BE is CE
Judging the relationships of each side to D (again, you
 is opposite it and DE
could use C), CE  is adjacent it.
7.152 7.152
Tan 27 = opposite/adjacent. Tan 27 =   
a . 0.510 = a .
a (to the nearest thousandth) 14.024.

499. ma = 60.  F
FG is a hypotenuse while H  is a side adjacent to a.
Cos a = adjacent/hypotenuse. Cos a = 48. Cos a = 0.500. m a = 60.

500. sum 1.266. The sum of sin 50 and sin 30 is 0.766 plus 0.500,
or 1.266.

Set 101

2x
501. Sin 20 = 5. 0.342 = 0.400x. x 0.855.

273