STUDY CIRCLE, DISTRICT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, VILLUPURAM , PHONE NO - 04146 226417

murpayikg;G vd;why; vd;d? rJyh> vd;. khjtuht;> b.b.

xU ehl;L kf;fis Ml;rp GhpAk; fpU~;zkhr;rhhp.
mbg;gilahd murpay; Kiwiaf;
1949 etk;gh; 26 Mk; Njjp murpay;
$WtNj me;ehl;bd; murpayikg;G eph;za rig thapyhf ,e;jpa
MFk;. murpd; jiyaha mq;fq;fshfpa ,iwahz;ik kf;fshl;rpf; Fbaurpd;
rl;lkpaw;Wk;> rig eph;thfk;. ePjpj;Jiw murpayikg;ig ,e;jpa kf;fs;
Mfpatw;iwj; Njhw;Wtpj;J> mtw;wpd; ,aw;wp Vw;W nfhz;L jkf;Fj;jhNk
mjpfhuq;fis tiuaWj;J> mspj;Jf; nfhz;ldh;.
nghWg;Gfisg; gFj;J> gu];guk; murpayikg;ig cUthf;Fk;
mtw;Wf;F ,ilNaAk;> mtw;Wld; ,khyag; gzpia %d;W
kf;fSf;Fk; cs;s cwTfis Mz;LfSf;Fs;shfNt murpay;
newpg;gLj;JtNj murpayikg;G MFk;. eph;zarig ntw;wpfukhf
epiwNtw;wptpl;lJ.(2 Years 11 months
murpay; eph;za rig Fwpg;Gfs; 18 days )

1922y; kfhj;kh fhe;jp
1950 [dthp 26Mk; Njjp Kjy;
,e;jpah;fSf;nfd murpay; rl;lk; nfhz;L ,e;jpa murpayikg;G
cUthf;f Ntz;Lnkd fUjpdhh;. eilKiwf;F te;jJ. J

Nk 16 1946 fhgpndl; J}Jf;FO ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; rpwg;G
murpay; eph;za rigia Fwpj;J mk;rq;fs;
mwpf;if ntspapl;lJ. J
cyfpNyNa kpf ePskhd vOjngw;w

9 brk;gh; 1946 lhf;lh; rr;rpjhde;j; murpayikg;G. ,jpy; 450
rpd;`h ,e;jpa murpay; eph;za ~uj;Jf;fSk; 22 gFjpfSk; 12
rigapd; jw;fhypf jiytuhf ml;ltizfSk; mlq;fpAs;sd.
epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;.
gy ehLfspd; murpayikg;gpd;

11 brk;gh; 1946 lhf;lh; uhN[e;jpu jd;ikfis ekJ ,e;jpa
gpurhj; ,e;jpa murpay; eph;za murpayikg;G vLj;Jf;
rigapd; epue;ju jiytuhf nfhz;Ls;sJ>
epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;. mbg;gil cupikfs; (Fundamental

,e;jpa murpay; eph;za rig 13 Rights) mnkhpf;fh
FOf;fis mikj;jJ.
Kfg;Giu (Preamble)... mnkhpf;fh

Njhuakhd tiuT tp.vd;.uht;
mth;fshy; jahhpf;fg;gl;lJ. ePjpgjpfs; gjtp ePff ; k; (Removal of

murpayikg;G Kd;Djhuzq;fs; judges of SC-HC)..... mnkhpf;fh
vd;w jiyg;gpy; %d;W thpirfspy; jdpj;jpaq;Fk; ePjpj;Jiw
jug;gl;l me;jg; gpd;dzp (Independent judiciary)...mnkhpf;fh
tptuq;fspy; Rkhh; mWgJ ehLfspd; ePjpg;Gzuha;T (Judicial Review)......
murpay; rl;lq;fspd; rpwg;Gf; $Wfs; mnkhpf;fh
njhFj;Jj; jug;gl;bUe;jd. lhf;lh;.
gp.Mh;. mk;Ngj;fh; jiyikapy; mbg;gilf; flikfs; (Fundamental
murpay; rl;l tiuf;FO xd;W 1947 Duties)....... u~;ah
Mf];L 29 Mk; Njjp Ie;jhz;Lj; jpl;lk; (Five year
epakpf;fg;gl;lJ. plan)...... u~;ah

tiuf;FO 7 cWg;gpdh;fis topfhl;L newpKiwfs; (DPSP)...
nfhz;lJ. mah;yhe;J

jiyth; gp.Mh;.mk;
.mk;Ngj;fh;h uh[;arig cWg;gpdh; epakdk;

kw;w cWg;gpdh;fs;: Nfhghy];thkp (Nomination of Rajyasabha Member)
Ia;aq;fhh;> Myb fpU~;z];thkp mah;yhe;J.
Iah;. Nf.vk;.Kd;rp.iraJ KfkJ

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 STUDY CIRCLE, DISTRICT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, VILLUPURAM , PHONE NO - 04146 226417

FbauRj; jiyth; Njh;jy; Kiw ,iwik tha;ej ; rkjh;knewp rhh;ej;

(Method of election of the President)... rhh;gw;w kf;fshl;rpf; FbauR Mf
mah;yhe;J. cUthf;fpAs;sJ. ,e;jpah xU
,iwik tha;ej ; muR. Vndd;why;
ghuhSkd;w Kiw (Parliamentary mJ kw;w ve;j ehl;bd; fl;Lg;ghl;bd;
Type).......,q;fpyhe;J fPOk; ,y;iy. ,e;jpa murpd; Ml;rp
rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rp (Rule of law)..... kf;fshl;rp Vndd;why; Ml;rpahsh;fs;
,q;fpyhe;J kf;fshy; Njh;en ; jLf;fg;gLfpwhh;fs;.
xw;iwf; FbAhpik (Single ,e;jpah xU FbauR Vndd;why;>
citizenship).......... ,q;fpyhe;J ehl;bd; kpf cah;ej ; eph;thf
mjpfhuk; ngw;w FbauRj; jiyth;
fPo; rigf;F mjpf mjpfhuk; (Lower ,e;jpa kf;fshy; kiwKfkhf
house more powerful).... ,q;fpyhe;J Njh;en; jLf;fg;gLfpwhh;.
ghuhSkd;w ,U mit (Bicameral
kf;fshl;rp ehL:
ehL kf;fSf;fhf
Parliament).....,q;fpyhe;J kf;fshy; Njh;en ; jLf;fg;gl;l>
kf;fsit jiyth; (Speaker in the kf;fspd; muR vDk; jj;Jtj;ij
Lok Sabha)...,q;fpyhe;J mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

nefpo;Twh kw;Wk; nefpo;TW
$l;lhl;rp Kiw (Federal System)... jd;ikapd; fyg;
fdlh

,e;jpa murpayikg;G $l;lhl;rp
neUf;fb epiyapd; NghJ mbg;gil murpayikg;ghf cs;sJ. rpy
chpikfs; uj;J(Suspension of FR jUzq;fspy; xw;iwahl;rp
during Emegency ).............n[h;kd; murpayikg;ghfTk; nray;gLfpd;wJ. J
nghJg;gl;bay; (Concurrent List)..... cjhuzkhf> neUf;fbf; fhyq;fspy;
M];jpNuypah my;yJ Njr eyd; rhh;ej ;
kj;jpa khepy cwTfs; (Centre- tp~aq;fspy;. ,e;jpahtpd; Ml;rp
KOtJk; kj;jpa murpd; murpd;
State Relations)..... M];jpNuypah ifapy; te;JtpLfpwJ. ,jdhy;
murpayikg;G rl;l jpUj;jk; $l;lhl;rp kiwe;J xw;iwahl;rp
(Amendment of Constitution)..... njd; Vw;gLfpwJ.
Mg;gphpf;fh
mbg;gil chpikfs;
chpikfs: mbg;gil
jw;Nghija murpayikg;G 75% chpikfs; murpay; mikg;Gr;
1935k; Mz;by; ,e;jpa murhq;f rl;lj;jpd; %d;whtJ gFjpapy;
rl;lj;jpd; kWgjpg;G $wg;gLfpwJ. ,jd;gb %d;whtJ
neUf;fb epiy - ,e;jpa murhq;fr; gFjpapy; mspf;fg;gl;l mbg;gil
rl;lk; 1935 chpikfs; kPwg;gLk; nghOJ mjw;F
muR eph;thf mikg;G Kiw-,e;jpa jPht
; opahf ek; murpayikg;G 5
tifahd ePjpg;Nghuhizfis
murhq;fr; rl;lk; 1935
mspf;fpwJ.
hprh;t; Ngq;f; M/g; ,e;jpah Njhw;wk;-
- ,e;jpa murhq;fr; rl;lk; 1935 DONT FORGET TO FALL
IN LOVE

Bicameralism-kj;jpa murpw;F WITH YOURSELF FIRST
ghuhSkd;wk; vd;w mikg;igAk;>
khepy muRfSf;F rl;lrig vd;w
muR newpKiwAWj;Jk; nfhs;iffs;ffs
mikg;igAk; cUthf;fpj; ,J gw;wp ,e;jpa murpay;
je;Js;sJ. mikg;gpd; ehd;fhtJ gFjpapd; 38

,iwik tha;ej ; muR:
muR ,e;jpa Kjy; 51 tiu cs;s ~uj;Jfs;
murpayikg;G ,e;jpahit xU Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,e;jpa kf;fSf;F

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 STUDY CIRCLE, DISTRICT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, VILLUPURAM , PHONE NO - 04146 226417

r%fk;> nghUshjhuk;> murpaypy; ePjp
mbg;gilf; flikfs;

flikfs: 1976d;
fpilf;Fk; tifapy; muR jdJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jr; rl;lkhdJ
nfhs;iffis tFj;Jf; nfhs;s (42tJ jpUj;jk;) Fbkf;fSf;F gj;J
Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,e;epajpfs; mbg;gilf; flikfspd; njhFg;gpid
$Wfpd;wd. mwpKfg;gLj;jp cs;sJ. ,e;j

ghuSkd;w Kiw murhq;fk; k: mbg;gilf; flikfs;> ,e;jpa
murpayikg;gpid cUthf;fpath;fs; murpayikg;ghy; rpy mbg;gil
,;ej; Kiwia Kw;wpYk; ,q;fpyhe;J chpikfs; Fbkf;fSf;F
ehl;bd; mbg;gilapy; toq;fg;gl;bUg;gij mbf;fb
mikj;Js;shh;fs;. NkYk; ekJ epidT+l;b> Fbkf;fs; /kf;fshl;rp
,e;jpa murpayikg;gpy; FbauRj; cwtpd; kw;Wk; kf;fshl;rp
jiyth; KiwAk; cs;sJ. elj;ijapd; rpy newpfis gpd;gw;w
nkhj;jj;jpy; ,e;jpa murpayikg;G Ntz;ba mtrpaj;ij
ghuhSkd;w FbauRj; jiyth; czh;jJ; fpwJ.
Kiwahf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. Kfg;Giu

Rje;jukhd ePjpj;Jiw:
iw gy mbg;gil
chpikfs; murpay; rl;lj;jpy;
nghUs; : Kfg;Giu vdg;gLtJ.
$wg;gl;bUg;gpDk;> mjid ,aw;wg;gl;l rl;lj;ij mwpKfk;
Kiwahfg; ghJfhg;gjw;F Xh; nra;J itf;Fk; gFjpahFk;. NkYk;
mikg;G ,y;iynad;why;> mbg;gil mr;rl;lj;jpd; nfhs;iffis Ghpe;J
chpikfspdhy; vt;tpj gyDk; nfhs;sTk;. rl;lkd;wj;jpd; fUj;ij
fpilahJ. ,jw;F MfNt xU mwpe;J nfhs;sTk; rl;lj;jpd;
Rje;jpukhd ghugl;rkw;w Kfg;Giu nghpJk; cjTfpwJ.
ePjpj;JiwahdJ> ePjp rPuha;T ngUghhp tof;fpy;
mjpfhuj;Jld; ,e;jpa murpay; Kfg;GiuahdJ
mikg;gpd; fPo; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. murpayikg;gpd; xU gFjp

rkar; rhh;gw;w muR:
muR ,e;jpah xU MfhJ vd $wg;gl;lJ. (1960)
rkar; rhh;gw;w murhf Nfrthde;jghujp tof;fpy;
tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. mJ vy;yh cr;r ePjpkd;w ngUghhp
rkaj;ijAk; rkkhf ghtpf;fpd;wJ. tof;fpd; fUj;jpid kWj;J

tajile;Njhh; Xl;Lhpik:
hpik ,dk;> Kfg;GiuahdJ
nrhj;Jhpik> gbg;G ,itfis murpayikg;gpd; xU gFjpNa
fle;J ,e;jpaf; Fbkfd; xUtDf;F MFk; vd;W $wg;gl;lJ. (1973)
18 taJ epuk;gp tpl;lhy; mtDf;F 1976k; Mz;by; 42MtJ
Xl;L mspf;Fk; chpik murpay; jpUj;jk;
toq;fg;gLfpwJ. nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,j;jpUj;jk;

xw;iwf; FbAhpik:
FbAhpik ,e;jpa murpay; Kfg;Giuapy; %d;W nrhw;fis
mikg;G xw;iwf; FbAhpikf;F tif GFj;jp cs;sJ.
nra;fpwJ. Mdhy; mnkhpf;fh mjhtJrkjh;knewp. rkar;
maf;fpa ehLfspYk;> rhh;gpd;ik. kw;Wk; xUikg;ghL.
Rtpl;rh;yhe;jpYk; khepyj;jpw;F xU
FbAhpikAkhf> ,ul;ilf; FbAhpik
cs;sJ.

,e;jpa murpayikg;G jho;jj ; g;gl;l INHALE CONFIDENCE.
rhjpapdh; kw;Wk; goq;FbapdUf;F
jdpg;gl;l rl;l tifKiwfis
Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;Js;sJ.J EXHALE DOUBTS ----

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 STUDY CIRCLE, DISTRICT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, VILLUPURAM , PHONE NO - 04146 226417

,e;jpah kw;Wk; mjd; vy;iyfs;:
~uj;J 14 rl;lj;jpd; Kd;

gFjp 1 ~uj;J xd;wpypUe;J ehd;F rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; rl;lq;fspd;
tiu %yk; rk ghJfhg;G vd;w ,U

FbAhpik rl;lk; 1955 ,aw;wg;gl;lJ. nrhw;nwhlh;fSk;> ePjpapd;
NkYk; 1986k; Mz;L ,r;rl;lk; Ml;rpiaAk; rkePjpiaAk;
jpUj;jg;gl;lJ.
J Fwpf;fpd;wd. rl;lj;jpd;Kd;
rkj;Jtk; vd;gjpy; xUikapy;
mbg;gil chpikfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s rl;lk; vd;gJ
(~uj;J 12ypUe;J 35 tiu gFjp -3)
ilrp vd;gth; Fwpg;gpl;l ePjpapd;
Ml;rp my;yJ rl;lf; Nfhl;ghL
mbg;gil chpikfs; tifg;ghL my;yJ ePjpf; Nfhl;ghL vd;gijNa

rkj;Jt chpik (~uj;Jfs; 14-18) Fwpf;Fk;.

Rje;jpu chpik (~uj;Jfs; 19-22)
~uj;J 15 rhjp> rka> ,d ghy;

Ruz;lYf;nfjpuhd chpik gpwg;gpl NtWghLfspdhy; ghugl;rk;
(~uj;Jfs; 23-24) fhl;lhik.

rka Rje;jpu chpik (~uj;Jfs; 25-
~uj;J 16 rhjp> rka> ,d ghy;.
28) tk;rhtop gpwg;gpl. ,Ug;gpl

fyhr;rhu kw;Wk; fy;tpapy; NtWghLfspdhy; kl;Lk;
chpikfs; (~uj;Jfs; 29-30) muRg;gjtpia my;yJ Ntiyiag;

murpayikg;G jPht ; opfs; ngw ngwj; jFjp ,y;iy vd;W ve;jj;
chpik (~uj;Jfs; 32-35) FbkfDf;Fk; ghugl;rk;

Nkw;gb mbg;gil chpikfspy; fhl;lf;$lhJ.
nrhj;Jhpik ePff ; g;gl;Ls;sJ.
1992k; Mz;L etk;gh; 16k; Njjp
mjdhy; ~uj;J 19(i) (f) k; ~uj;J kz;ly; fkp~d; ghpe;Jiuapd;gb
31k; murpay; mikg;gpypUe;J r%fhPjpahfTk;> nghUshjhu
vLf;fg;gl;L ~uj;J 300A apy; hPjpahfTk; gpd;jq;fpa gphptpdUf;F
Nrh;ff
; g;gl;Ls;sJ. 27 tpOf;fhL ,lxJf;fPL

,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.
mbg;gil chpikfs;
~uj;J 17 jPzl ; hik xopg;G
mikf;fg;gl;ljd; Nehf;fNk jPzl ; hikr; rl;lk; 1955. gpd;dh;
rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rp eilngw Ntz;Lk;. ,jidNa rptpy; chpikfs;

rpWghd;ikNahh; eyd; ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lk; vd 1976y;
ghJfhf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;gJ khw;wg;gl;lJ.
mbg;gil chpikfspd; kw;nwhU
~uj;J 18 gl;lq;fs; xopg;G vdpDk;
Nehf;fkhFk;. muR kw;Wk; muR uhZtj;jpYk; fy;tpj; JiwapYk;
rk;ge;jg;gl;l Jiwfs; rhjid GhpNthUf;Fg; gl;lq;fs;
jiyapLk;NghJjhd;> mbg;gil toq;Ftjw;F tpjptpyf;F
chpikfspd; Njitg;ghL vOk;. mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
MjhtJ mbg;gil chpikfis
~uj;J 19 Rje;jpu chpik
muRf;F vjpuhfj; jhd; vOg;g (a)Ngr;R kw;Wk; fUj;J
KbAk;. jdp kdpj nray;fSf;F ntspg;ghl;L Rje;jpuk;
vjpuhf mbg;gil chpikfisf; (b)MAjq;fs; ,y;yhky;
Nfhu KbahJ. mikjpahff; $l;lk;

,e;jpa murpayikg;gpy;> ePjpKiw $Ltjw;Fr; Rje;jpuk;
kWrPuha;T mjpfhuk; gw;wp 13> 32> 226 (c)rq;fq;fs; mikg;gjw;Fr;
Nghd;w ~uj;Jfspy; Rje;jpuk;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

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 STUDY CIRCLE, DISTRICT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, VILLUPURAM , PHONE NO - 04146 226417

(d),e;jpa Ml;rpg;gFjpf;Fs; rl;lkhdhYk; mjpfgl;rk; vt;tsT

vy;yh ,lq;fSf;Fk; Ngha; fhyj;jpw;Fj; jLg;Gf; fhtypy;
tUtjw;fhd Rje;jpuk; itf;fyhk; vd;gijAk; fz;bg;ghff;
(e),e;jpahtpd; ve;jg; gFjpapy; $wpahf Ntz;Lk;.
Ntz;LkhdhYk; trpf;fTk;
~uj;J 23 Ruz;lYf;F vjpuhd
FbapUg;gjw;Fk; Rje;jpuk; ghJfhg;G rl;ltpNuhjdkhf
kdpjh;fis tpahghuk; nra;tJ
(f)ve;jj; njhopiyNah>
tpahghuj;ijNah> ngfh;(Beggar) eph;gg; e;jg;gLj;jp
thzpfj;ijNah Ntiy thq;FtJ Nghd;w
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd Rje;jpuk;. Ruz;ly;fspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhg;G
mspf;fpwJ.

1978 Mk; Mz;L nfhz;L tug;gl;l
44tJ murpay; rl;l jpUj;jj;jpw;F
~uj;J 24- 14 taJf;F cl;gl;l
Kd;G nrhj;JhpikahdJ ~uj;J rpWth;fisj; njhopw;rhiyfspNyh>
31d; fPo; xU mbg;gil chpikahf Ruq;fq;fspNyh gpw mghafukhd
,Ue;jJ. ,jdhy; rpf;fy;fs; gy njhopy;fspNyh Ntiyf;F
vOe;jjhy;. 44tJ ,Ue;j mkh;jJ; tijj; jil nra;fpwJ.
nrhj;Jhpik> ~uj;J 300d; fPo;
~uj;J 25 Fbkf;fs; vt;tpjf;
rhjuhz chpikahf;fg;gl;lJ. fl;LghLk; ,d;wp ve;jr; rkaj;ijAk;
~uj;J 31 ePf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. Vw;fTk; gpd;gw;wTk; gug;gTk;

Fw;wq;fSf;Fj; jz;lidaspg;gJ midtUf;Fk; Rje;jpuk; cz;L.
Fwpj;j ghJfhg;G: ~uj;J 20
~uj;J 26 vy;yh rkaj;jtUf;Fk;>
,e;jpag; gphpT kpf Kf;fpakhdjhff; rkag; gphptpdUf;Fk; rka kw;Wk;
fUjg;gLfpwJ. Vnddpy; mtru mwepiya mikg;Gfis Vw;gLj;jpg;
epiyapd; NghJk;$l gphpT 359d;gb guhkhpf;f rkak; rk;ge;jg;gl;l
Xh; Miz %yk; ,e;j chpikia tp~aq;fisj; jhNk eph;tfpj;Jf;
epWj;jpitf;f KbahJ vd;W nfhs;s nrhj;Jf;fis thq;fp
murpayikg;gpd; 42tJ jpUj;jr; eph;tfpf;fj; Njitahd mbg;gil
rl;lk; $Wfpd;wJ. chpikia mspf;fpwJ.

~uj;J 21 capUf;Fk; jdpg;gl;l
~uj;J 27 ve;j xU Fwpg;gpl;l
Rje;jpukhd ghJfhg;G: rl;lj;jpdhy; rkaj;jpd; tsh;rr ; pf;fhTk;
eph;zapf;fg;gl;Ls;s Kiwg;gb guhkhpg;gpw;fhfTk; MFk;
my;yhky; ve;j xU eghpd; nryTfSf;fhf thp nrYj;JkhW
capiuAk; jdpr; Rje;jpuj;ijAk; ve;j xU egiuAk; fl;lhag;gLj;j
gwpf;f KbahJ vd;W KbahJ.
murpayikg;gpd; 21MtJ gphpT
~uj;J 28 Kw;wpYk; murhq;f
cj;juthjkspf;fpwJ. ,JTk; mtru epjpapy; nray;gLk; fy;tp
epiyapd;NghJk;$l gphpT 359d;gb epWtdq;fspy; rka Nghjid $lhJ
Xh; Miz %yk; ,e;j chpikia vd;W $WfpwJ.
epWj;jpitf;f KbahJ vd;W
~uj;J 29 ,e;jpahtpd; ve;jg;
murpayikg;gpd; 42tJ jpUj;jr; gFjpapNyDk; trpf;fpd;w
rl;lk; $WfpwJ. Fbkf;fspd; ve;j xU gphptpdUk;

~uj;J 22 (1) jLg;Gf;fhty; rl;lk;. jkf;nfd;W gpuj;Nahfkhd
MNyhridf;FO NghJkhd fhuzk; nkhopiaNah> vOj;J tbtj;ijNah
,Ug;gjhff; $wpdhy; xopa ve;jr; gz;ghl;ilNah nfhz;lth;fshf
rl;lj;jpd; gbAk; jLg;G %d;W ,Ue;jhy; mtw;iwg; Ngzpf;fhf;Fk;
khjq;fSf;F Nky; Nghf chpik mth;fSf;F cz;L.
mDkjpf;ff;$lhJ. mj;Jld; jLg;Gf;
~uj;J 30 rpWghd;ikapdh;
fhtYf;F tifnra;Ak; ve;jr; midtUk; mth;fs; rkar;

5
 STUDY CIRCLE, DISTRICT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, VILLUPURAM , PHONE NO - 04146 226417

rpWghd;ikapduhdhYk; nkhopr; mth; vj;jFjpapy; mg;gjtp

rpWghd;ikapduhdhYk; mth;fs; tfpf;fpwhh; vd;w tpdtp>
tpUg;gj;jpw;F Vw;g fy;tp gpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; Mizjhd;
epWtdq;fis cUthf;fp jFjpKiw tpdTk; ePjpg;Nghuhiz
eph;tfpg;gjw;F chpikAz;L. MFk;.

~uj;J 32 ~uj;J 226f;Fk; kw;Wk; ~uj;J
ePjpg;Nghuhiz Ntz;Lk; kDit 32f;Fk; cs;s xw;Wik
cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; jhf;fy;
cah;ej P pkd;wk; ePjpg;Nghuhiziag;
nra;ayhk;. xU egh; Neubahf gpwg;gpf;Fk; (226) cr;r ePjpkd;wk;
cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpy; jhf;fy; ePjpg;Nghuhiziag; gpwg;gpf;Fk; (32)
nra;ayhk;.
cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; tof;fpLtJ
murpayikg;gpd; 3tJ gFjpapy; mbg;gil chpikapy;iy> rhjhuz
cj;jputhjkspf;fg;gl;Ls;sd chpikNa. cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpy;
mbg;gil chpikfs; kPwg;gLk; tof;fpLtJ mbg;gil chpikahFk;.
nghOJ cr;r ePjpkd;wk;
~uj;J 226y; jPht ; op Nfl;Fk;
ePjpg;Nghuhiz ntspapl mjpfhuk; chpikia neUf;fb epiyik
gilj;Js;sJ. gpufldg;gLj;jg;gLk; nghOJ epWj;jp

Ml;nfhz;ht ; pf;Fk; ePjpg;Nghuhiz:
ghuhiz itf;fg;gl KbahJ. Mdhy; ~uj;J
rl;lj;jpw;Fg; Gwk;ghd Kiwapy; 32y; epWj;jp itf;fg;gLk;.
rpiwg;gpbj;J itf;fg;gl;ltiu
mbg;gil chpik kPwg;gl;ljw;F
tpLtpf;fr; nra;a ,t;thiz khw;W jPht ; op ,Ug;gpd; xU cah;
,lg;gLfpwJ. ePjpkd;wk; ePjpg;Nghuhizia

nraYWj;Jk; ePjpg;Nghuhiz:
ghuhiz gpwg;gpf;fhJ mbg;gil chpik
nghJf;flikahd xU nraiy Xh; kPwg;gl;ljw;F jPht ; op ,Ug;gpDk;
mjpfhhp my;yJ $l;;likg;G my;yJ cr;r ePjpkd;wk; ePjpg; Nghuhiziag;
fPo; ePjpkd;wk; nra;aj; jtwpdhy; gpwg;gpf;Fk;. Vnddpy; ,J xU
mf;flikiar; nra;a ,t;thiz mbg;gil chpikahFk;.
,lg;gLfpwJ.
mbg;gil chpikiaj; jtpu

jilAWj;Jk; ePjpg;Nghuhiz:
ghuhiz fPo; rhjhuz chpikfs; kPwg;gl;lhYk;
ePjpkd;wNkh> Ml;rp mjpfhhpNah jk; cah; ePjpkd;wk; ePjpg;Nghuhiziag;
mjpfhu tuk;ig kPwp my;yJ rl;l gpwg;gpf;Fk;.
Kuzhf VNjDk; eltbf;if muR newpKiwAWj;Jk;
vLj;jhy; mij Nkw;nfhz;L nfhs;iffs;
elj;jhky; nra;a ,t;thiz 36--51)
(gFjp 4 ~uj;J 36
,lg;gLfpwJ. xU ehl;bw;F murpay; Rje;jpuk;

newpKiwAWj;Jk; ePjpg;Nghuhiz: kl;Lk; NghjhJ r%fg; nghushjhu
ePjpKiw rhh;ej ; mYty;fisr; epiyapy; kf;fs; Rje;jpuk; ngw;whf
nra;Ak; jPhg ; g
; haq;fs; mjpfhhpfs; Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iynad;why; Fbahl;rpapd;
jk; mjpfhu tuk;ig kPwp nfhs;iffs; Nehf;fq;fs; epiwNtwhky;
nray;gl;lhNyh mwKiwf;F khwhf Ngha; murpay; Rje;jpuk; $lg;
eltbf;if vLj;jhNyh mtw;iw kW ngha;jJ; g; NghFk;.
Ma;T nra;J ePf;fk; nra;tjw;nfd
~uj;J 38 kf;fs; ey;tho;tpw;fhf
mit rk;ge;jkhd Mtzq;fisj; muR xU rKjha mikg;G Kiwia
jkf;F mDg;GkhW ePjpkd;wk; (r%jha> nghUshjhu> murpay; ePjp)
MizapLtJjhd; newpKiwAWj;Jk; cWjpahfg; gpd;gw;wg;gl;l Ntz;Lk;.
ePjpg;Nghuhiz MFk;. Vw;wj;jho;Tfis mfw;w muR ghLgl

jFjpKiw tpdTk; ePjpg;Nghuhiz: ghuhiz Ntz;Lk;.
nghJ mjpfhug; gjtpapy; cs;stiu

6
 STUDY CIRCLE, DISTRICT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, VILLUPURAM , PHONE NO - 04146 226417

~uj;J 40 gQ;rhaj;J jd;dhl;rp nray;tbtk; nfhLf;Fk;

mikg;G $Wfshf mYtw;gzp vr;rl;lkhtJ mbg;gil
Mw;Wtjw;F Njitg;gLfpd;w chpikfshd ~uj;Jfs; 14>19>31I
mjpfhuq;fisAk; kPWtjhf ,Ue;jhYk;> mr;rl;lk;
mjpfhuThpikfisAk; mtw;Wf;F nry;yj;jf;fNj MFk; vdf; $wpaJ.
cUthf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.

~uj;J 44 ,e;jpah KOtJk; xNu mbg;gilf; flikfs;
rPuhd chpikapay; rl;lj;ij 1976Mk; Mz;bd;
Fbkf;fSf;fhf muR Vw;gLj;j murpayikg;G jpUj;jr; (42tJ
Ntz;Lk;. jpUj;jk;) rl;lkhdJ> ,e;jpaf;

~uj;J 45 Foe;ijfSf;F ,ytr Fbkf;fSf;F gj;J mbg;gilf;
kw;Wk; fl;lha fy;tp Kiwapid flikfspd; njhFg;gid
muR Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mwpKfg;gLj;jp cs;sJ. ,jw;fhf

~uj;J 48 Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; 51-A vDk; xU ~uj;ijf; nfhz;l
fhy;eil guhkhpg;G mikg;Gfs; gFjp Gjpjhf murpay; mikg;gpy;
Vw;gLj;j muR Kay; Ntz;Lk; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,r; ~uj;jpd;
fhy;eilfisf; nfhy;Ytijj; fPo; mg;gj;J mbg;gilf; flikfs;
jLj;jy;. fhLfs; kw;Wk; gpd;tUkhW $wg;gLfpwJ.
tdtpyq;Ffs; tho;fi ; fapid  murpayikg;gpidg; gpd;gw;Wjy;>
Nkk;gLj;j muR eltbf;if vLf;f kw;Wk; mjd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;>
Ntz;Lk;. mikg;Gfs; Njrpaf;nfhb kw;Wk;

~uj;J 49 Njrpa Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ,tw;wpw;F khpahij nrYj;Jjy;.
tha;ej ; epidTr; rpd;dq;fs;  ekJ ehl;L tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ij
,lq;fs; kw;Wk; nghUs;fis muR J}z;ba cah;ej ; Fwpf;Nfhs;fis
ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpd;gw;Wjy; kw;Wk; Nghw;wp tsh;jj ; y;.

~uj;J 50 nghJgzpapy;  ,e;jpahtpd; xw;Wik> ,iwik
eph;thfj;JiwapypUe;J kw;Wk; xUikg;ghl;il epiyepWj;jy;
ePjpj;Jiwiag; gphpf;f muR kw;Wk; ghJfhj;jy;.
eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.  ehl;bidg; ghJfhj;jy; kw;Wk;
(rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rpia Nkk;gLj;j ,J miof;fg;gLk; nghOJ Njrpag
,d;wpaikahj ~uj;jhFk;) gzpGhpjy;

muR newpKiwAWj;Jk; nfhs;iffs;  rkak;> nkhop kw;Wk; tl;lhuk;
ve;j tpjkhd rl;l ghJfhg;Ngh (m) my;yJ gphpT NtWghLfisf; fle;J
rl;l epthuzNkh fpilahJ. ,e;jpa kf;fSf;Fs; nghJ

1972Mk; Mz;bw;F gpwF> muR rNfhuj;Jt czh;T kw;Wk;
newpKiwAWj;Jk; nfhs;iffis ,zf;fj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jjy;;
cah;jj ; pf; fhl;Lk; tifapy; khWjy; ngz;fspd; Nkd;ikiaj;
Vw;gl;lJ Kjw;gbahf> 31 vd;w Gjpa jho;jJ ; fpd;w gof;fq;fisj; Jwj;jy;
~uj;J Nrh;ff ; g;gl;lJ ,J 39(b)>  ekJ gy;tifahd fyhr;rhuhj;jpd;
(c) vd;w ~uj;Jf;fis cah;ej ; ghuk;ghpaj;jpw;F kjpg;G
mbg;gilahf nfhz;L ,aw;wg;gl;l mspj;jy; kw;Wk; NgZjy;
rl;lk;. ~uj;Jf;fs; 14> 19> 31  fhLfs; Vhpfs; MWfs; kw;Wk;
Mfpaitfis kPWtjhf ,Ug;gpDk; Nkk;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; thOk;
mr;rl;lk; nry;yj; jf;fNj MFk;. caphpdq;fSf;fhf ,uf;fk;

,jw;Fg;gpd; Vw;gl;l 42tJ murpay; nfhs;Sjy;
rl;lj; jpUj;jk;> Nkw;$wpaij NkYk;  Ma;twpT tpisT epiy kdpj eyk;
tphpthf;fpwJ. mjd;gb> muR kw;Wk; tprhuiz czh;T kw;Wk;
newpKiwAWj;Jk; nfhs;iffSf;F rPhj
; pUj;jq;fis Nkk;gLj;Jjy;

7
 STUDY CIRCLE, DISTRICT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, VILLUPURAM , PHONE NO - 04146 226417

 nghJr; nrhj;Jf;F ghJfhg;G cs;slf;fpajhFk;. ,t;thW ~uj;J 54

mspj;jy; $WfpwJ.
$WfpwJ
 vy;yhj; JiwfspYk; jdpkdpjd; ,j;Njh;jy; FOtpduhy; FbauRj;
kw;Wk; $l;Lr; nray;ghLfspd; jiytiuj; Njh;en ; jLf;Fk; NghJ
Kjd;ik epiyia Nehf;fp KaYjy; tpfpjg; gpujpepjpj;Jt Kiw
kw;Wk; ,jdhy;> ehL Kah;rpapd; gpd;gw;wg;gLk; cWg;gpdh;fs;
mspf;Fk; Xl;L> xw;iwkhw;W Xl;L
cah;gb epiy rhjidfis Nehf;fp MFk;.
epiyahf caUfpwJ.
,e;jpaf; FbauRj; jiyth;. jhk;
,e;jpaf; FbauRj; jiyth; gjtp Vw;w jpdj;jpy; ,Ue;J 5
~uj;J 52 ,e;jpahtpw;F xU Mz;Lfs; njhlh;eJ ; gjtp
FbauRj; jiyth; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;Wk; tfpf;fyhk;. xUth; vj;jid Kiw
,th; ,e;jpa murpd; jiytuhf Ntz;LkhdhYk; FbauRj; jiyth;
tpsq;Ffpwhh; vd;Wk; murhq;fj;jpd; gjtpfj; Njh;jYf;Fg; Nghl;baplyhk;.
nrayhl;rp mjpfhuk; FbauRj; jiythplk;
toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vdTk;> ,th; FbauRj; jiyth; kPJ
mt;tjpfhuj;ij ,e;jpa murpay; gopr;rhw;WtJ njhlh;ghd
mikg;Gf;Fl;gl;L NeubahfNth> jdJ eilKiwfis ~uj;J 61 $WfpwJ.
fPOs;s mjpfhhpfs; %ykhfNth FbauRj; jiyth; jhkhfNt jdJ
nraYWj;jyhk; vd;W $WfpwJ. gjtpia ,uh[pdhkh nra;ayhk;
jFjpfs; my;yJ ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; VjhtJ

xU ,e;jpa FbkfdhfTk; xU mitapy; nkhj;j cWg;gpdh;fs;
ifnahg;gkpl;l xU jPhk ; hdj;jpd;

35 taJ epuk;gpatuhfTk; efy; FbauRj; jiytUf;F mJ

ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; kf;fs; rigf;Fg; njhlq;fg;gLk; 14 ehl;fSf;F
Nghl;baplj; jFjp ngw;wtuhfTk; ,Uf;f Kd;ghfNt nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
Ntz;Lk;. gpwF mj;jhP k
; hdk; rigapd; nkhj;j

kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpNyh my;yJ cWg;gpdh;fspy; %d;wpy; ,uz;L
VjhtnjhU khepy murhq;fj;jpNyh gq;Ff;Ff; Fiwahj cWg;gpdh;fshy;
my;yJ Nkw;fz;l murhq;fq;fspd; fPo; Mjhpf;fg;gl;L epiwNtw;wg;gl
,aq;Fk; VjhtnjhU tl;lhu my;yJ Ntz;Lk;.
gpw mjpfhu mikg;gpNyh Mjha
FbauRj; jiythpd; mjpfhuq;fis
mbg;gilapy; mike;j ve;j xU gw;wp ~uj;J 109 $WfpwJ
gjtpiaAk; tfpg;gtuhf ,Uj;jy;
$lhJ. nrayhl;rpj; Jiw mjpfhuq;fs;

Cjpak;-khjr;rk;gsk; - &.1>50>000

NkYk; thlif juhky; murhq;f
cr;r kw;Wk; cah; ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpfs;
FbapUg;ig gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s khepyq;fspy; MSeh;fs; ml;lhh;dp
chpikAz;L n[duy;. jzpf;ifj; jiyth;> nghJg;

Njh;en; jLf;fg;gLk;; Kiw gzpf;FOtpd; jiyth; kw;Wk;
kf;fshy; Neubahf cWg;gpdh;fs;. jho;jj; g;gl;Nlhh; kw;Wk;
Njh;en
; jLf;fg;gLtjpy;iy khwhf goq;Fbapdh;fSf;Fz;lhd jdp
mth; xU Njh;jy; FOtpd; mYtyh;fs;> jho;jj ; g;gl;l gFjpapd;
cWg;gpdh;fshy; tptuj;ij jahh; nra;Ak; FO
Njh;en
; jLf;fg;gLfpwhh;. gpw;gl;Nlhh; epiyia MAk; FO kw;Wk;
,j;Njh;jy; FO nkhop thhp rpWghd;ikapNdhUf;F jdp
(m) ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; ,U mYtyh; ,th;fis epakpf;Fk;
mitfspd; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l mjpfhuj;ij FbauR jiyth;
cWg;gpdh;fisAk; ngw;Ws;shh;.
(M) khepy rl;lkd;wj;jpd; ,uhZt mjpfhuq;fs;
fPoitahd rl;lg;Nguitapd; Njh;eJ ;

vLf;fg;gl;l cWg;gpdh;fisAk; 

8
 STUDY CIRCLE, DISTRICT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, VILLUPURAM , PHONE NO - 04146 226417

 () 
xU rhjhuz kNrhjh Fwpj;J

 ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; ,U mitfSf;F
,ilNa Kuz;ghL vONkahapd;
mjidj; jPhj
; J
; itf;f. ,U
All power is with in you; mitfspd; $l;L $l;lj;jpw;F Vw;ghL
You can do Anything nra;a FbauRj; jiytUf;F mjpfhuk;
Everything. cz;L. (~uj;J 108).
-- Swami Vivekananda
,e;jpa muRj; jiyik tof;fwpQh;wpQh

murhq;fj;jpw;F rl;l rk;ge;jkhd
rl;lkd;wj;Jiw mjpfhuq;fs; tp~aq;fis MNyhrid toq;fTk;
rl;l rk;ge;jkhd ,lg;gLk; gpw

ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; mitf; $l;lq;fisg; gzpfis nra;aTk; cr;rePjpkd;w
nghWj;j tiuapy; mitfisf; $l;Lk; ePjpgjp Mf epakpf;fg;gLtjw;fhd
mjpfhuKk;. xj;jpitf;Fk; mjpfhuKk; jFjpfis cila xUtiu
mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;jpahtpd; jiyik tof;fwpQuhf

Nkyitahd khepyq;fsitiaf; FbauRj; jiytuhy; epakpf;fg;gLfpwhh;.
(uh[;a rig) fiyf;Fk; mjpfhuk; (~uj;J 76)
FbauRj; jiytUf;F
FbauRj; jiyth; tpUk;Gk;tiu
nfhLf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gJ MNyhridapd; NghpNyNa mth;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. epakpf;fg;gLtjhy; Ml;rp khwpaTld;

NkYk; FbauR jiyth; ml;lh;dp n[duYk; gjtp tpyFtJ
ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; rigfspy; ciu xU kughf cUthf;fptpl;lJ.
epfo;jj
; Tk;. my;yJ ,U rigfspd;
,e;jpahtpd; cs;s ePjpkd;wq;fs;
$l;Lf; $l;lj;jpy; ciu epfo;jj ; Tk; midj;jpYk; Kjypy; jd;Dila
chpikg; ngw;W cs;shh;. fUj;ijf; Nfl;FkhW $Wk; chpik

rigfSf;Fr; nra;jp mDg;Gk; mtUf;F cz;L.
chpikiaAk; ,th; ngw;Ws;shh;.
ehlhSkd;wj;jpd; ,uz;L mitfspYNk
(~uj;J 86) $l;lj;njhlhpd; eltbf;iffspy; gq;F

Nkyitahd khepyq;fsitf;f 12 nfhz;L NgRfpd;w chpikAk; mtUf;F
cWg;gpdh;fisAk;> fPoitahd cz;L vdpDk; jPhk ; hdq;fspd;kJ
P
kf;fsitf;F 2 Mq;fpNyh ,e;jpa thf;fspf;Fk; chpik fpilahJ.
cWg;gpdh;fisAk; epakpf;Fk; gpujk ke;jphp kw;Wk; kj;jpa mikr;ruit
mjpfhuj;ijAk; ngw;wpUf;fpwhh;.
~uj;J 74 kw;Wk; 75 mikr;ruit

FbauRj; jiyth; ghuhSkd;wj;jhy; vd;w jiyg;gpy; fPo; mikr;ruitapd;
epiwNtw;wg;gl;l kNrhjh Fwpj;J jdJ mikg;G nfhs;if gw;wpj; njhptpf;fpwJ.
,irtpid mspf;fyhk; (~uj;J 111) gpujk ke;jphpiaj; jiytuhff; nfhz;L
my;yJ epWj;jp itf;fyhk;. my;yJ Xh; mikr;ruit> ,e;jpaf; FbauRj;
gz kNrhjh jtpu rhjhuz jiytUf;F cjtpAk; kw;Wk;
kNrhjhf;fspy; jhk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s MNyhridAk; mspf;Fk; nghUl;L
tpguk; Fwpj;J kPzL; k; kW ghprPyid ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd $WfpwJ.
nra;tjw;fhf mk;kNrhjhit mitf;Nf ,e;jpaf; FbauRj; jiyth; ,e;jpahtpd;
jpUk;gp mDg;gyhk;. mk;kNrhjh gpujk ke;jphpia epakpf;fpwhh;.
FbauRj; jiythpd; Nahridg;gb
gpujk ke;jphpapd; MNyhridapd; Nghpy;
jpUj;jg;gl;Nlh my;yJ ,e;jpaf; FbauRj; jiyth; kw;w
jpUj;jg;glhkNyh kPzL ; k; mtUila mikr;rh;fis epakdk; nra;fpwhh; vd
,irtpw;F mDg;gg;gl;lhy; FbauRj; ~uj;J 75(1) njhptpf;fpwJ. ~uj;J 75(3)
jiyth; jd;Dila ,irtpid mspf;f mikr;ruit xd;W ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
kWf;f KbahJ Mdhy; epjp mJ kf;fsitf;F (Nyhf;rgh) $l;lhf
kNrhjhf;fisf; FbauRj; jiythpd; nghWg;G tfpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W
xg;Gjy; ,y;yhky; nra;a KbahJ. $WfpwJ.
$WfpwJ ghuhSkd;w Kiwapy;
mike;j murhq;fj;jpd; mbg;gil

9
 STUDY CIRCLE, DISTRICT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, VILLUPURAM , PHONE NO - 04146 226417

m];jpthuNk $l;Lg; nghWg;Gf; cWg;gpdh;fSf;Fk; cz;L. ,Ug;gpDk;

nfhs;if MFk;. Kf;fpakhd kNrhjhf;fs;
Smart Work is the Way to Success mikr;rh;fshNyNa mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLk;
mikr;rh;fshy; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gLk;
$l;Lg; nghWg;Gf; nfhs;ifapd; nghUs;
nghUs kNrhjhf;fs; murhq;
murhq;f kNrhjhf;fs;

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murhq;fj;jpd; nghJ eilKiw cWg;gpdh;fs; mwpKfk; nra;Ak;
tptfhuq;fSf;F mikr;ruitapdhy; kNrhjhf;fs; jdp
jdp cWg;gpdh;
vLf;fg;gLk; jPhk
; hdq;fs; mjd; kNrhjf;fs; vdg;gLfpd;wd.
cWg;gpdh;fspd; $l;Lj; jPhk; dkhf
ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; epfo;rr
; p epuy;
fUjg;gLk;. mikr;ruitapd; mikr;ruitapdhy; eph;zak;
jPhk
; hdj;JlNdh my;yJ gpujk nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd;
ke;jphpAlNdh xU mikr;rh; xj;J tuT nryTj; jpl;lk; gw;wpa midj;J
nry;ytutpy;iynad;why; mth; jdJ tpguq;fisAk; mikr;ruitNa KbT
gjtpia ,uh[pdhkh nra;tijj; jtpu nra;fpwJ.
NtW topapy;iy ,jd; %yk; gpujk
ke;jphp mikr;ruitapd; xw;WikiaAk;
,e;jpa FbauRj; jiyth; ngw;Ws;s
xOf;fj;ijAk; fl;bf; fhf;fpwhh;. ePjpgjpfs; epakd mjpfhuk;
mikr;ruitapd; mjpfhuq;fSk; cz;ikapy; mikr;ruitapd; thapyhf
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,ijj;jhd; ~uj;J
gzpfSk; 74 gpd;tUkhW $WfpwJ. gpujk

,e;jpa jpUehl;by; nrayhl;rpj; ke;jphpiaj; jiytuhf nfhz;l
Jiwapd; cz;ikahd jiyikahf mikr;ruit xd;W ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;
mikr;ruit mike;Js;sJ. ,e;jpaf; mJ FbauRj;jiyth; jdJ gzpia
FbauRj; jiyth; ngw;Ws;s nraYWj;j mtUf;F cjtp kw;Wk;
mjpfhuq;fs; cz;ikapy; MNyhridfis toq;f Ntz;Lk;.
mikr;ruitapd; mjpfhuq;fNs MFk;.
mikr;ruit ehl;L kf;fspd;
eilKiwapy; murhq;fj;jpd; KbTfs; ey;tho;tpw;F Njitahd nfhs;iffis
midj;Jk; mikr;ruitapdhNyNa eph;zak; nra;J mitfSf;Fr; rl;l
nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. eilKiwf;Fj; jf;f tbtk; nfhLg;gNjhL kl;Lkpd;wp
tpjj;fjpy; mit FbauRj; jiythpd; mr;rl;lq;fis mky; nra;Ak;
ngauhy; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd. nghWg;igAk; Nkw;nfhs;fpwJ.

Njh;jy;fs; Kbe;J Gjpa ghuhSkd;w
mikf;fg;gl;lTld; KjyhtJ ehlhSkd;wk;
$l;lj;jpy; ,e;jpaf; FbauRj; jiyth;
ciu epfo;jJ ; thh; ,t;Tiuapy;
FbauRj;jiyth;> khepyq;fsit kw;Wk;
murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;iffs; kf;fsit vd;w ,uz;L mitfs;
tpsf;fg;gLk;. ,e;j ciuahdJ Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;ljhf ,e;jpa
FbauRj; jiythpd; ciu vdg;gLk;. ehlhSkd;wk; mike;Js;sJ.J
,t;Tiu cz;ikapy; mikr;rh;
mitahy; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. FbauRj;jiyth;:

kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; gzpfs;
ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; ,uz;L mitfspd;
njhlh;ghfg; nghJthd $l;lj;njhlh; eilngwhjNghJ>
nfhs;iffisAk; mtw;iw FbauRj; jiyth; cldbahfr;
mky;gLj;jg; gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba top nray;glNtz;ba mtrpakhd o;epiy
KiwfisAk; mikr;ruit eph;zak; ,Ug;gjhf mth; jpUg;jpaile;jhy;>
nra;fpd;wJ. ,jpypUe;J FbauRj; ehlhSkd;wj;jhy; ,aw;wg;gLk;
jiyth; ngaustpy;jhd; jiytuhf rl;lj;ijg; NghyNt nray;trP R
; ila
cs;sh vd;gJ GydhFk;
GydhFk. mtrur; rl;lj;ijj; FbauRj;jiyth;
gpwg;gpf;fyhk;.
ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; kNrhjhf;fis
mwpKfk; nra;
nra;Ak; mjpfhuk; khepyq;fsit

ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; kNrhjhf;fis
xd;wpaj;jpd; gy;NtW mq;fq;fshfpa
mwpKfk; nra;Ak; mjpfhuk; vy;yh khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; xd;wpa Neub

10
 STUDY CIRCLE, DISTRICT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, VILLUPURAM , PHONE NO - 04146 226417

Ml;rpg;gFjpfspy; cs;s kf;fspd;
khepyq;fsitapd; Jizj;jiytuhf

kiwKf gpujpepjpj;Jt mikg;ghf jkf;Fs;NsNa xUtiu me;j mitapd;
khepyq;fsit jpfo;fpwJ. cWg;gpdh;fs; Njh;en ; jLj;Jf; nfhs;th;

kf;fs;njhif mjpfKs;s
kf;fsitapd; jiytiuAk;
cj;jpug;gpuNjr khepyj;jpy; ,Ue;J kpf (rghehafh;) Jizj;jiytiuAk;
mjpfgl;rkhf 34 cWg;gpdh;fSk;> (Jiz rghehafh;) jkf;Fs;NsNa me;j
kzpg;g+h;> kpN[huk;> rpf;fk;> jphpGuh mitapd; cWg;gpdh;fNs Njh;en ; jLg;gh;.
Nghd;w rpwpa khepyq;fspy; ,Ue;J jyh
kf;fsitj;jiytUk;>
xU cWg;gpdUk; khepyq;fsitf;Fj; Jizj;jiytUk;> kf;fsitapd;
Njh;en
; jLf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. cWg;gpdh;fshf ePbf;f Kbahj

murpayikg;gpd;gb khepyq;fsitapy; epiyapy; gjtp tpyf Ntz;Lk;.
250f;Fk; kpfhj cWg;gpdh;fs; ,Ug;gh;.
,Uthpy; vtNuDk; gjtp tpyf
,th;fspy; 12Ngh; FbauRj;jiytuhy; vz;zpdhy; kw;wtUf;Fj; jkJ
epakpf;fg;gLth;. 238 Ngh; khepyq;fspy; gjtptpyfy; fbjj;ij mDg;g
,Ue;Jk;> Neub Ml;rpg; gFjpfspy; Ntz;Lk;.
,Ue;Jk; Njh;en ; jLf;fg;gLth;.
mth;fisg; gjtp ePff ; k; nra;a
kf;fsit Ntz;Lk; vd;why; 14 ehl;fs;

kf;fshy; Neubahfj; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l Kd;dwptpg;Gf; nfhLj;Jtpl;L
gpujpepjpfisf; nfhz;lJ. 18 taJ kf;fsitapd; ngUk;ghd;ik
epuk;gpa ,e;jpaf; Fbkfd; cWg;gpdh;fspd; MjuNthL xU
xt;nthUtUk;> rl;lj;jpd;gb jPhk
; hdj;ij epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lk;.
jFjpapog;Gr; nra;ag;glhj gl;rj;jpy;
khepyq;fsitj;Jizj; jiytiug;
kf;fsitj; Njh;jypy; thf;fspf;Fk; gjtp ePff ; k; nra;tjw;fhd ,Nj Nghd;w
chpik ngw;wtuhthh;. Vw;ghL gphpT 90y; nrhy;yg;gl;L

khepyq;fspy; cs;s njhFjpfspy; cs;sJ.
,Ue;J Nehpilahfj; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLk;
xU $l;lj;njhlUf;Fk; ,d;ndhU
cWg;gpdh;fs; 530 f;F kpfhkYk; Neub $l;lj; njhlUf;Fk; ,ilNa MWkhj
Ml;rpg;gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J Nehpilahfj; fhy ,ilntsp ,Uf;ff;$lhJ.
Njh;en ; jLf;fg;gLk; cWg;gpdh;fs; 20 f;F
nghJthf xt;nthuhz;Lk; %d;W
kpfhkYk; nfhz;ljhf kf;fsit ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; $l;lq;fs; eilngWk;
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W murpayikg;Gf; mit
$WfpwJ. 1. gl;n[l; $l;lj;njhlh;

NkYk; Mq;fpNyh ,e;jpa rKjhaj;ijr; (gpg;uthp.Nk)
Nrh;ej; ,uz;L cWg;gpdh;fisf;
FbauRj; jiyth; kf;fsitf;F 2. kiof;fhyf; $l;lj;njhlh;
epakdk; nra;ayhk;. ,t;thwhf ([{iy> nrg;lk;gh;)
kf;fsitapy; mjpfgl;rkhf 552 3. Fsph;fhyf; $l;lj;njhlh;
cWg;gpdh;fs; ,Uf;fyhk;. (etk;gh;> brk;gh;)
ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fspd;
Mdhy; khepyq;fsitapd; gl;n[l;
jFjpfs; $l;lj;njhlh; kl;Lk; %d;W-ehd;F

,e;jpa Fbkfdhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; thufhy ,ilntspAld; ,uz;L
khepyq;fsitf;F cWg;gpduhf gFjpfshf eilngw;W xuhz;by; ehd;F
Ntz;Lkhdhy; 30taJ epiwe;jtuhfTk; $l;lj;njhlh;fshf eilngWk;.
kf;fsitf;F cWg;gpduhfj;
ve;j Xh; mitahdhYk; mjid
Njh;en
; jLf;fg;gl 25 taJ elj;jpr; nry;tjw;F mitapd; nkhj;j
epiwe;jtuhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. cWg;gpdh;fspy; gj;jpy; xU gq;F

kf;fsitf;Fk; khepyq;fsitf;Fk; cWg;gpdh;fs; fl;lhak; M[huhfp
jiyth; xUtUk; Jizj;jiyth; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
xUtUk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd
gz kNrhjhf;fs; kw;Wk; Vida epjp
murpayikg;Gf; $WfpwJ. kNrhjhf;fs; jtpu NtW ve;j

,e;jpahtpd; FbauRj; Jizj;jiytNu kNrhjhthdhYk; mjid VNjDk; xh;
khepyq;fsitapd; jiytUk; Mthh;
Mthh. mitapy; Kjypy; mwpKfg;gLj;jyhk;.

11
 STUDY CIRCLE, DISTRICT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, VILLUPURAM , PHONE NO - 04146 226417

mt;thW mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLk; kNrhjh
ehlhSkd;wj;jpw;Fs; Xh; cWg;gpdh;

FbauRj; jiythpd; xg;GjYf;F Ngrpa Ngr;R ePjpkd;wj;ij mtkjpg;ghf
mDg;gg;gLk; Kd;dh; ehlhSkd;wj;jpd; ,Ue;jhYk;$l> ve;j xU ePjpkd;wKk;
,uz;L mitfspYk; jpUj;jq;fs; mth; kPJ eltbf;if vLf;f KbahJ.
VJkpd;wpNah ,uz;L mitfSk;
ePjpgjpfisg; gjtp ePff; k; nra;tjw;fhd
xg;Gf;nfhz;l jpUj;jq;fSlNdh> Vw;Wf; jPhk
; hdj;jpd; kPJ NgRk;NghJ jtpu kw;w
nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. rkaq;fspy;> mth;fs; elj;ijia

gz kNrhjhitj; jtpu VNjDk; xU tpkh;rpf;f $lhJ.
kNrhjh rk;ge;jkhf ,uz;L
mitfSf;Fk; ,Wjpahff; fUj;J fl;rpj;jhty; jilr;rl;lk;:
NtWghLfs; ,Uf;Fkhdhy; mtw;iwj;
jPhg
; g
; jw;fhff; FbauRj; jiyth;
ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpdh; gjtpapy;
,uz;L mitfspy; $l;Lj; $l;lj;ij ,Ue;Jk; khepyr; rl;lNguit cWg;gpdh;
miof;fyhk;. gjtpapy; ,Ue;Jk; ,lj;ijf;
fhypnra;tJ rk;ge;jkhf
gz kNrhjh Ik;gj;jpuz;lhtJ jpUj;jr; rl;lk; 1985>
1985

xU kNrhjh gzkNrhjhth vd;w Iak; murpayikg;gpd; 101> 102> 190> 191
Njhd;wpdhy;> mjpy; kf;fsitj; Mfpa gphpTfisj; jpUj;jpaJld; Gjpa
jiythpd; jPhg ; N
; g ,WjpahdJ.
,WjpahdJ ml;ltiz xd;iwAk; (gj;jhtJ

gzk;Nrhjhitf; FbauR jiythpd; ml;ltiz) Nrh;jj ; J.
xg;GjYf;fhf mDg;Gk;NghJ> mJ xU
fl;rpj;jhty; fhuzkhf cWg;gpdh;fs;
gzkNrhjh vd;W kf;fsit jiyth; gjtpapog;gJ rk;ge;jkhd rpy
rhd;wspf;f Ntz;Lk;. tifAiufs; ,e;jj; jpUj;jj;jpd; %yk;

gzkNrhNjhitf; FbauRj;jiythpd; Nrh;ff
; g;gl;ld.
ghpe;Jiuapd; Nghpy;. kf;fsitapy;
kl;LNk mwpKfg;gLj;j KbAk;. ePjpj;Jiw

kf;fsitapy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l
gpd;dh; khepyq;fsitf;F mDg;gg;gLk; (~uj;J 124-147 kw;Wk; 214-237)
gzkNrhjhtpd; kPJ VNjDk;
jpUj;jq;fSf;fhd ghpe;Jiufs; cr;r ePjpkd;wk;
,Uf;Fkhdhy; mtw;iw 14
jiyik ePjpgjp xUtUk; gpw
ehl;fSf;Fs; ePjpgjpfs; vOtiuAk; nfhz;ljhf
khepyq;fsitr. cr;rePjpkd;wk; xd;W cUthf;fg;gl

kf;fsit VNjDk; xU Ntz;Lk; vd;W murpay; rl;lj;jpd;
jpUj;jj;ijNah> jpUj;jq;fs; 124tJ gphpT $WfpwJ.
midj;ijANkh epuhfhpj;Jtplyhk;.
vdpDk; Vida ePjpgjpfspd;
jpUj;jq;fis kf;fsit Vw;Wf; vz;zpf;ifia rl;lk; ,aw;Wtjd;
nfhz;lgbNa ,uz;L mitfSk; me;j %yk; mjpfhpf;f ; ehlhSkd;wj;jpw;F
kNrhjhit Vw;Wf;nfhz;ljhff; mjpfhuk; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
fUjg;gLk;.
1986Mk; Mz;L ,aw;wg;gl;l

khepyq;fsitapy; ,Ue;J 14 rl;lj;jpd;gb jiyik ePjpgjpiaj; jtpu
ehl;fSf;Fs; me;j kNrhjh jpUg;gp cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; kw;w ePjpgjpfspd;
mDg;ghtpl;lhYk;> kf;fsit vz;zpf;if 25Mf eph;zapf;fg;gl;L
Vw;Wf;nfhz;l tbtj;jpNyNa me;j cs;sJ.
kNrhjh ,uz;L mitfspYk;
cr;rePjpkd;w ePjpgjpfs; kw;Wk;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;ljhf fUjg;gLk;. cah;ej P pkd;w ePjpgjpfs; Nghd;Nwhiuf;

Xh; cWg;gpdh; NgrpaJ Fwpj;Njh> fye;jhNyhrpj;J cr;rePjpkd;w
ehlhSkd;wj;ijj; jtpu NtW ve;j ePjpgjpfisf; FbauRj;jiyth; epakdk;
mjpfhu mikg;gpNyh my;yJ nra;fpwhh;.
ePjpkd;wj;jpNyh ve;jtpjkhd
jiyik ePjpgjp epakdk; jtpu kw;w
eltbf;ifAk; Nkw;nfhs;s KbahJ ePjpgjpfis epakpf;Fk; NghJ
vd;W murpay; rl;lk; tpjpj;Js;sJ.

12
 STUDY CIRCLE, DISTRICT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, VILLUPURAM , PHONE NO - 04146 226417

fl;lhakhfj; jiyik ePjpgjpfisf;

fye;jhNyhrpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

cr;rePjpkd;wk; ePjpgjp xt;nthUtUk; 65 cr;rePjpkd;w mjpfhuKk; ePjptuk;Gk;
taJtiu gjtpapy; ,Uf;fyhk;.
cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; %y ePjptuk;Gk;.

FbauRj; jiythpd; Mizapd; ~uj;J 131.
NghpNyNa cr;rePjpkd;w ePjpgjp
cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; Nky;KiwaPlL;
xUtiug; gjtpapypUe;J ePff ; KbAk;. ePjptuk;Gk; ~uj;J 132

FbauRj;jiyth; mj;jifa
cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; MNyhrid $Wk;
Miziag; gpwg;gpf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy; ePjptuk;Gk; ~uj;J 143
rk;ge;jg;gl;l ePjpgjpf;Fj; jpwik
cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; kWrPuha;T mjpfhuk;.
,y;iy vd;Nwh> mth; KiwNflhf ~uj;J 137
ele;Jnfhz;lhh; vd;Nwh fhuzk; fhl;b.
cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; xU gjpT
ehlhSkd;wj;jpd; ,uz;L mitfspYk; nra;Jnfhs;Sk; ePjpkd;wk; ~uj;J 129
%d;wpy; ,uz;L gq;F cWg;gpdh;fs;
M[uhfp thf;fspj;Jg; ngUk;ghd;ik cah;ej
P pkd;wk;:
MjuTld;> jdpj;jdpahf xU

xt;nthU khepyj;jpw;Fk; Xh;
jPhk
; hdj;ij epiwNtw;w> mjid
ehlhSkd;wj;jpd; me;jf; $l;l cah;ej P pkd;wk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lnkd
njhlhpNyNa FbauRj;jiythplk; murpayikg;G tpjpf;fpwJ. vdpDk;
rkh;
rkh;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. rl;lk; ,aw;Wtjd; %yk;> ,uz;L
my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l

cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpy; ePjpgjpahf khepyq;fSf;Fk; xU Neub Ml;rpg;
gjtptfpj;j xUth;. ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; ve;j gFjpf;Fk; nghJthdjhfTk;> Xh;
xU ePjpkd;wj;jpYk; tof;FiuQuhfj; cah;ej P pkd;wj;ij ehlhSkd;wk;
njhopy; Ghpaf; $lhJ vd;w murpay; cUthf;fyhk;.
mikg;Gj;jil tpjpj;Js;sJ.

cr;rePjpkd;wj;ijg; NghyNt xt;nthh;

VNjDk; xU rkaj;jpy; cr;rePjpkd;w cah;ej P pkd;wKk; Xh; Mtz
eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F ePjpkd;wkhfj; jpfo;tJld;>
Nghjpa ePjpgjpfs; ,y;iy vd;why;> %ytprhuiz tuk;G> Nky;KiwaPlL ;
ePjpkd;w eltbf;iffisj; njhlh;e;J tprhuiz tuk;G Mfpatw;Wld;
elj;Jtjw;fhf> cah;ej P pkd;w ePjpkd;w mtkjpg;Gf;fhfj; jz;lid
ePjpgjpfspilNa cr;rePjpkd;w mspf;Fk; mjpfhuKk; cilajhfj;
ePjpgjpahf epakdk; ngWk; jpfo;fwJ.
jFjpAilath;fisj; Njitahd

cr;rePjpkd;wj; jiyik ePjpgjpiaAk;>
fhyj;jpw;Fj; jw;fhypf ePjpgjpfshf
cah;ej P pkd;wj;jpd; jiyik ePjpgjpiaf; rk;ge;jg;gl;l khepy MSeiuAk;
fye;jhNyhrpj;j gpd;dUk;> fye;jhNyhrpj;J cah;ePjpkd;wj;jpd;
FbauRj;jiythpd; Kd; mDkjpiag; ePjpgjpfisf; FbauRj; jiyth;
ngw;w gpd;dUNk ,j;jifa jw;fhypf epakdk; nra;fpwhh;. cah;ej P pkd;w
epakdq;fisr; nra;ayhk;. jiyid ePjpgjpiaAk;>
FbauRj;jiyth; fye;jhNyhrpj;J
KbntLg;ghh;.

62 tajhFk; tiu cah;ej P pkd;w
ePjpgjpahfg; gjtpapy; ,Uf;fyhk;.
cr;rePjpkd;w ePjpgjpiag; gjtpePff ; k;
nra;tjw;fhd eilKiwiag;
gpd;gw;Wtjd; %yNk cah;ej P pkd;w
ePjpgjpiaAk; gjtpePff ; k; nra;aKbAk;.

cr;rePjpkd;wj; jiyik ePjpgjpiaf;
fye;jhNyhrpj;J> Xh; cah;ej P p
kd;wj;jpypUe;J ,d;Ndhh;
cah;ej P pkd;wj;jpw;F ePjpgjpfisf;
FbauRj; jiyth; ,lkhw;wk; nra;ayhk;
vdpDk; cah;ej P pkd;w ePjpgjp xUtiu

13
 STUDY CIRCLE, DISTRICT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, VILLUPURAM , PHONE NO - 04146 226417

mtUila xg;Gjy; ,d;wp ,lkhw;wk;
rl;lkd;w Nky; rigapd; Mwpy; xU

nra;af;$lhJ vd;W cr;rePjpkd;wk; gq;F cWg;gpdh;fis epakdk; nra;a
jPhg
; g
; spj;jpUf;fpwJ. MSeUf;F chpikaspf;fpwJ.

FbauRj;jiythpd; xg;Gjiyg; ngw;W
4.Nkyhiz gpwg;gpf;Fk; mjpfhuk;
Xa;Tngw;w ePjpgjp xUtiu ~uj;J 213
cah;ej P pkd;wj;jpy; nghWg;G ePjpgjpahf
MSeh; gpwg;gpf;Fk; Nkyhizfis
cah;ej P pkd;wj; jiyik ePjpgjp rl;lrigapy; mitapd; Kd;Ngh. ,U
epakpf;fyhk;. mitfs; ,Ug;gpd; ,U mitfspd;

xt;nthh; cah;ej P pkd;wj;jpw;Fk; Kd;Ngh MSeuhy; mitfs; $Lk;NghJ
jd;Dila mYtyh;fs; kPJ rkh;gg; pf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
KOikahd fl;Lg;ghL ,Uf;Fk;
rl;lrig $ba NjjpapypUe;J MW
ePjpgjpfs; kw;Wk; Vida mYtyh;fspy; thuq;fs; tiu ,e;j Nkyhizfs;
CjpaKk; kw;wgbfSk; me;je;j mkypy; ,Uf;Fk;. ,f;fhyf;nfLtpw;F
khepyj;jpd; xUq;fpizg;G Kd;ghfNt. rl;lrigapd; mitNah.
epjpaj;jpypUe;J toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. mitfNsh Nkw;gb Nkyhizia xU
jPhk
; hdk; thapyhf epuhfhpj;jhy;
cah;ej
P pkd;wj;jpd; ePjptuk;G kw;Wk; jPhk
; hdk; epiwNtwpa NjjpapypUe;J
mjpfhuq;fs; Nkyhiz nry;Yk;gb MfhJ.

MSeh; gpwg;gpj;j Nkyhizia MW

gjpT nra;J nfhs;Sk; ePjpkd;wk;. thuq;fSf;Fs; mtuhfNt jpUk;gg;
~uj;J 215. ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.

vy;yh ePjpkd;wq;fisAk;
jFjpfs;: FbauRj; jiythpd;
Nkw;ghh;itapLk; mjpfhuk; ~uj;J 227. jFjpfis xj;Js;sJ.

tof;Ffisj; jhNd vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; ,e;jpahtpd; jpul;L epjp:
mjpfhuk; ~uj;J 228
thpfs; kw;Wk; jPhi
; tfs;. ,e;jpa jpul;L

rpy ePjpg;Nghuhizfis ntspapLk; epjpiaj; jtpu> ,e;jpa epfo;Trhh; epjp
mjpfhuk; ~uj;J 226 vd;nwhU epjpAk; cz;L. ~uj;J 267d;

nghJ ePjptuk;G ~uj;J 225 gb. ,e;jpag; ghuhSkd;wk;

mjpfhhpfisAk; Copah;fisAk; eph;zapf;fpd;w msT gzk;
epakpf;Fk; mjpfhuk; mt;tg;nghJ ,e;epjpapy; Nghl;L Nrh;jJ;
itf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;epjpapypUe;J
khepy MSeh;: vjph;ghuhj nrytpdq;fSf;F Kd;gzk;
nfhLf;f FbauRj; jiytUf;F
mjpfhuq;fs; mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

1.nrayhl;rp mjpfhuk;

2.epjpj;Jiw mjpfhuq;fs;:
MSehpd; ghpe;Jiu ,y;yhky; xU
gz kNrhjh khepyr; rl;lrigapy;
mwpKfg;gLj;j KbahJ. Success is a vehicle which moves

gl;n[l; vd;W miof;fg;gLk;. on a wheel called
tUlhe;jpu epjp mwpf;ifia MSeh; HARDWORK
rl;lkd;wj;jpd; ,U mitfspNyh But
my;yJ xd;wpNyh rkh;gg ; pf;f Ntz;Lk;. The Journey is impossible

3.rl;lkpaw;wy; rhh;ej
; mjpfhuq;fs;: without fuel called SELF
xU khepyj;ij nghWj;jtiu MSehpd; CONFIDENCE For more Fuel
ve;j kNrhjhTk; FbauRj;jiythpd;

,irtpy;yhky; rl;lkhf;fg;gl KbahJ. please contact
MSeh; rpy kNrhjhf;fis FbauRj;
jiythpd; ,irtpw;fhf xJf;fL P nra;a ASSISTANT DIRECTOR,
DIRECTOR
~uj;J 200 chpikaspf;fpwJ. DISTRICT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE ,
VILLUPURAM

14
 STUDY CIRCLE, DISTRICT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, VILLUPURAM , PHONE NO - 04146 226417

,e;jpa fzf;fha;T jzpf;ifj; epjpcwTfs;:

Jiwj; jiyth;
rl;lj;jpd; mDkjpapd;wp thp tpjpf;fNth

,th;FbauRj; jiytuhy; my;yJ t#ypf;fNth $lhJ vd 265
epakpf;fg;gLfpwhh; jpl;ltl;lkhf $Wfpd;wJ.

,th; jd;Dila gjtpia ,oe;jgpwF
kj;jpa muR my;yJ khepy muRfspd;
gl;bay; vt;tpjkhd thpiaAk;
fPo; vg;gjtpAk; tfpf;fj; jFjpaw;wth; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy
Mfpwhh;.
kj;jpa murhy; tpjpf;fg;gLk; khepy

cr;r ePjpkd;w ePjpgjp Nghy; ,tUk; muRfshy; t#ypf;fg;gl;L
jtwhd elj;ij kw;Wk; gzpahw;Wk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; thpfs; kj;jpa
jFjpapiz ,oj;jhy; Nghd;w gl;baypy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s kj;jpa
fhuzq;fSf;fhfg; gjtpapypUe;J jPhi
; tfs; kw;Wk; kUe;J kw;Wk;
tpyf;fg;glyhk;. xg;gid Mf;fg; nghUs;fs; kPjhd

.,th; ,g;gjtpia jd;Dila 65taJ Maj;jhP i; tfs;.
tiuNah my;yJ MW tUlq;fshfNth
kj;jpa murhy; tpjpf;fg;gl;Lk;
gzpahw;wj; jFjp cilath; t#ypf;fg;gl;Lk;. khepy murhy;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; thpfs;: 1.efu epy thp

gzpfs;:kj;jpa kw;Wk; khepy 2.ruf;F kw;Wk; gazpfshy; thp
muRfSf;Ff;Fz;lhd fzf;Ffs; 3.,uapy; fl;lz thp 4.gq;F khw;w
njhlh;ghd jd;Dila flikfisAk; epiyia thpfs; 5.tpsk;guthpfs;
mjpfhuq;fisAk; ghuhSkd;wr; rl;lk; 6.khepyq;fSf;fpilNa elf;Fk;
tif nra;Ak; tpjj;jpy; nrYj;j tzpfj;jpd; NghJ thq;fg;gLk; kw;Wk;
Ntz;Lk;. tpw;fg;gLk; nghUl;fspd; kPjhd thpfs;

kj;jpa murhy; tpjpf;fg;gLk;
kj;jpa kw;Wk; khepyq;fSf;F t#ypf;fg;gl;Lk; kj;jpa murpw;Fk;
,ilNa cs;s cwTfs; khepy muRf;fSf;FkpilNa
gfph;ej
; spf;fg;gLk; thpfs;
thpfs: 1.tUkhd thp
2.kj;jpa gl;baypy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s
rl;lkpaw;Wk; cwTfs;: thpfs;. mjhtJ kUe;J kw;Wk; xg;gid

~uj;J 245 gpd;tUk; %d;W Mf;fg;nghUl;fs; kPjhd Maj;jhP i ; tfs;
gl;bay;fisf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. mit jtpu.

kj;jpa gl;bay;: 97 Jiwfs; (Kd;G).
kj;jpa murhy; tpjpj;J> t#ypf;fg;gl;L.
jw;NghJ 100 Jiwfs;. kj;jpa murpw;Fk; khepy

khepy gl;bay;: 66 Jiwfs; (Kd;G). muRfSf;FkpilNa gfph;eJ ;
jw;NghJ 61 Jiwfs;. mspf;fg;glyhk; vdg;glf;$ba thpfs;:

gl;bay;: 47 Jiwfs;(Kd;G). ~uj;J 272 njhptpf;fpwJ.
jw;NghJ 52 Jiwfs;.
khepy murhy; tpjpf;
tpjpf;fg;gl;L
t#ypf;fg;gLk; thpfs;:
eph;thf Ml;rp cwTfs;: 1.khepy epyq;fs; jtph;jj ; kw;w

,jidg;gw;wp 256 Kjy; 263tiu cs;s nrhj;Jf;fis thhpRhpikahfg;
~uj;Jf;fs; $WfpwJ. ngWNthh; kPjhd jPhi ; t.

kj;jpa murpdhy; khepy murpw;F 2.tptrha epyq;fs; jtph;jj ; kw;w
,lg;gLk; VTiu my;yJ fl;lis. nrhj;Jf;fs; kPjhd kuz thp.

kj;jpa murpd; gzpfs; khepy murplk; 3.uapy; %ykhfTk;> fly;topahfTk;
xg;gilf;fg;gly; nry;Yk; gazpah; kw;Wk;

midj;jpe;jpa muRg;gzpfs; gz;lq;fs; kPjhd jPhi ; t.

cjtpj; njhif mspg;G. 4.uapy;Nt gazf;fl;lzq;fs;

KO ek;gpf;if kw;Wk; kjpg;G Fwpj;j kw;Wk; ruf;Ff; fl;lzq;fs; kPjhd
tifKiwfs; thp.
5.gq;F re;ij tpahghuq;fs; kPjhd
thp.

15
 STUDY CIRCLE, DISTRICT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, VILLUPURAM , PHONE NO - 04146 226417

6.nra;jpj;jhs;fis tpw;gJ kw;Wk; Nfl;lhy; epjpf;FO mtUf;F mwpTiu

thq;FtJk; kPjhd thp. toq;Fk;.
7.nra;jpj;jhs;fspy; tpsk;guk;
jUtjw;Fk; ntspapLtjw;Fk; vQ;rpAs;s mjpfhuq;fs;
tpf;fg;gLk; thp.
ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; vQ;rpAs;s
8.nra;jpj;jhs;fs; jtph;j;j gpw mjpfhuq;fisg; gw;wp ~uj;J 248
gz;lq;fspd; khepyq;fSf;F $WfpwJ. mjd;gb ,izg;Gg;
,ilNaahd tpw;gid my;yJ gl;baypNyh my;yJ khepy
thq;Fjy; kPjhd thp gl;baypNyh tpsf;fg;glhj vj;Jiwapd;
kPJk; rl;lkpaw;Wk; mjpfhuj;ij>
9.khepyq;fSf;F ,ilNa ghuhSkd;wk; KOikahfg; ngw;Ws;sJ.
mDg;ggLk; ruf;Ffs; kPjhd thp.

kj;jpa murhy; tpjpf;fg;gl;L muRg; gzpahsh; Njh;thizak:;
t#ypf;fg;gLk; thpfs;: Rq;f thp
kj;jpa murpw;nfd xU muRg;gzpahsh;
epWtdq;fspd; tUkhd thp. %yjd Njh;thizaKk; khepy muRfSf;nfd
kjpg;G thp. tUkhd thp kPjhd Nky;thp jyh xU muRg;gzpahsh;
xd;wpag; gl;baypy; cs;s tp~aq;fs; Njh;thizaKk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd
kPJ tpjpf;fg;gLk; thp Mfpait ~uj;J 315(1) $WfpwJ.
Kw;wpYk; xd;wpaj;Jf;F chpait.
muRg; gzpahsh; Njh;thiza
ePjpf;FO cWg;gpdiu ePfF ; jy; Fwpj;J:

murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd; 280tJ
muRg; gzpahsh; Njh;thiza
~uj;Jk;> 281tJ ~uj;Jk; epjpf;FOtpd; cWg;gpdh;fspd; gjtpf;fhyk; 6
mikg;G Fwpj;J mjd; gzpfs; Mz;Lfs; MFk;.
Fwpj;Jk; mjd; gzpfs; Fwpj;Jk;
mt;TWg;gpdh; gjtpapypUf;Fk; rkaj;jpy;
$Wfpd;wd. Xa;T ngWk; taij vl;btpl;lhy;.

murpayikg;G Njhd;wpa ,uz;L Nkw;gb gjtpf;fhykhd 6 Mz;Lfs;
Mz;bw;Fs; ,e;jpahtpd; FbauRj; Kbtjw;F Kd;dNu mth; cWg;gpdh;
jiyth; epjpf;FO xd;wpid mikf;f gjtpapypUe;J Xa;T ngw Ntz;Lk;
Ntz;Lk; vd;W. murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk; (cWg;gpdh; Xa;T ngWk; taJ: kj;jpa
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. me;je;jhz;bw;F Njh;thizak; -65 tJ tajpy;. khepy
xUKiw epjpf;FO mikf;f Ntz;Lk;. Njh;thizak; - 62tJ tajpy;)
epjpf;FOtpw;F xU jiytUk; kw;Wk;
NkYk; cWg;gpdh; xUth; jhdhfNt
ehd;F mq;fj;jpdh;fSk; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. jdJ gjtpia uh[pdhkh nra;ayhk;.
,th;fs; FbauRj;jiytuhy; jFjpfs;
jPa elj;ijapd; mbg;gilapy;
vd;d vd;Wk; vg;gb Njh;en; jLf;fg;gl cWg;gpdh; xUtiu FbauRj; jiyth;.
Ntz;Lnkd;Wk; ghuhSkd;wk; $WfpwJ. mtuJ cWg;gpdh; gjtpapypUe;J ePff ;
cj;jutplyhk;.
gzpfs;
mjw;F FbauRj; jiytUk; rpy

,J kj;jpa muR kw;Wk; khepyq;fSf;F eilKiwfis gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;.
,ilNa epjp vt;thW gfph;ej ; spf;fg;gl mjhtJ Nkw;gb cWg;gpdiug;
Ntz;Lk; vd FbauRj; jiytUf;Fg; gjtpapypUe;J ePfF ; tJ Fwpj;J cr;r
ghpe;Jiu nra;fpd;wJ. ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F FbauRj; jiyth;

,e;jpahtpd; jpul;L epjpapy; ,Ue;J Rl;baDg;g Ntz;Lk;. cr;r ePjpkd;wk;
khepyq;fSf;F vt;thW epjpxJf;FtJ jf;f tprhuizia Nkw;nfhz;L
vd;gJ Fwpj;J nfhs;ifastpy; Kbtpy; mtiu gzpePff ; k; nra;a
,f;FO ghpe;Jiuf;Fk;. Ntz;baJ epahakhdjhf ,Ug;gpd;.

,e;jpahtpd; nghUshjhuk; Nkk;gl;L rk;ge;jg;gl;l cWg;gpdiu ePfF ; k;gb
tpsq;fj; Njitahd MNyhridfis FbauRj;jiytUf;F cr;r ePjpkd;wk;
FbauRj; jiytUf;F toq;FfpwJ. mwptpf;Fk;> vd ~uj;J 317 (1)

epjp Fwpj;j; tp~aq;fs; njhlh;ghf $WfpwJ.
FbauRj; jiyth; VNjDk; MNyhrid

16
 STUDY CIRCLE, DISTRICT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, VILLUPURAM , PHONE NO - 04146 226417

mt;thW mwptpg;G tUk; tiu FbauRj; jiyik Njh;jy; fkp~;dh;:

jiyth; mt;TWg;gpdiu gjtpapypUe;J
Njh;jy;fisf; fz;fhzpf;fTk;
,ilePff; k; nra;ayhnkd ~uj;J 317(2) fl;Lg;gLj;jTk; Njh;jy; Mizak;
$WfpwJ. xd;wpid epWtpl ~uj;J 324 tif

gpd;tUk; re;jh;gg
; q;fspy; nra;fpwJ.
FbauRj;jiyth;
,e;j Mizak; xU Rje;jpukhd
Njh;thizaj;jiytiuNah my;yJ yJ mikg;ghFk;. ,jd; jiytuhf
cWg;gpdiuNah cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jplk; jiyik Njh;jy; Mizah; ,Ug;ghh;.
Rl;baDg;ghkNyNa FbauRj;jiyth; NkYk; ,tUf;F cjtpahf kw;w
gjtp ePff; k; nra;ayhk;
yhk. mit Njh;jy; Mizahsh;fSk; ,Ug;ghh;fs;.
(m) Nkw;gb jiytNuh my;yJ
,th;fis FbauRj; jiyth; epakpg;ghh;.
cWg;gpdNuh nehbg;G
cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Xh; ePjpgjp vt;thW
epiyauhf gjtp ePff
; k; nra;ag;gLthNuh mNj
mwptpf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lhy; mbg;gilapy; jiyik Njh;jy;
(M) jdJ gjtpf; MizahsUk; gjtp ePff ; k;
fhyj;jpd;NghJ gzpf; nra;ag;gLthh;.
flikfSf;F Gwk;ghf NtW
Ntiyapy; <Lgl;L Cjpak; Ml;rpnkhop
ngWfpwhh; vd;why;
kj;jpa murpd; Ml;rpnkhop Njtehfhp
(,) jdJ gjtpia cly; vOj;JUtpYs;s ,e;jp Mf ,Uj;jy;
my;yJ cs;sj; jsh;rr ; papd; Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; kj;jpa murpy; mYty;
fhuzkhf njhlu Kbahj Kiw Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gl
epiyapy; Nkw;gb Njh;thiza Ntz;ba vz;fspd; tbtk;> ,e;jpa
jiytNuh my;yJ cWg;gpdNuh vz;fspd; gd;dhl;L tbtkhf ,Uj;jy;
,Ug;gjhf FbauRj; jiyth; Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;. ~uj;J 343 (1)
fUjpdhy;> mtiu xU cj;juT $WfpwJ.
%ykhf FbauRj; jiyth;
,e;jpa murpayikg;G njhlq;fpa 15
gjtpapypUe;J ePff ; yhk; vd Mz;L fhy msTf;F mj;jifa
~uj;J 317 (3) $WfpwJ. njhlf;fj;ij xl;b Kd;G Mq;fpy
nkhop. kj;jpa murpd; ve;j mYty;
jPhg
; g
; haq;fs; Kiw Nehf;fq;fSf;fhfg;

kj;jpa kw;Wk; khepy muRfspy; fPo; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L te;jNjh me;j
gzpGhpAk; muRg; gzpahsh;fspd; gzp mYty; Kiw Nehf;fq;fs;
Fwpj;j epiyfs; kw;Wk; gzpapl midj;jpw;Fk; ,J njhlh;eJ ;
mikTfs; njhlh;ghd jfuhWfisj; gad;gLj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.
jPhg
; g
; jw;fhf ghuhSkd;wr; rl;lnkhd;wpd;
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thapyhf eph;thfj;Jiw jPhg ; g
; haq;fis NghJ> kj;jpa murpd; mYty;Kiw
Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F ~uj;J 323 v Nehf;fq;fspy; vjw;fhfNtDk; Mq;fpy
toptFf;fpwJ. nkhopNahLk; $l Njtehfhp tbt

mJ Nghd;w thp tptfhuq;fs; Vw;Wkjp thapyhf mjpfhukspf;fyhk; vd
kw;Wk; ,wf;Fkjp njhopyhsh; kw;Wk; ~uj;J 343 (2) $WfpwJ.
njhopw; jfuhWfs;> gzp Fwpj;j
tp~aq;fs;> mj;jpahtrpa gz;lq;fis neUf;fbfhy rl;l
mspg;Gr; nra;jy;. tifKiwfs;
tifKiwfs;:

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Njh;jy;fs; njhlh;ghd tp~aq;fs; tifahd neUf;fb epiyikfis
Mfpa ,it rk;ge;jkhf vOk; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
jfuhWfs;. KiwaPLfs; kw;Wk;
Fw;wq;fis tprhhpj;J jPhk; hdpg;gjw;nfd Njrpa neUf;fb epiyik khepy
jPhg
; g
; haq;fis cz;lhf;FtJ Fwpj;J neUf;fb epiyik. epjp neUf;fb
~uj;J 323-gp $WfpwJ. epiyik
Njrpa neUf;fb epiyik:

17
 STUDY CIRCLE, DISTRICT EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, VILLUPURAM , PHONE NO - 04146 226417

,e;jpahtpd; ghJfhg;G jiytUf;Nfh my;yJ

ntspj;jhf;FjyhNyh Majf; ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;Nfh> mg;gpufldj;ijj;
fyfq;fshNyh my;yJ NghhpdhNyh njhlh;ej
; pUf;fr; nra;a mjpfhuk;
mr;RWj;jg;gLfpwJ vd FbauRj; ,y;iy.
jiyth; jpUg;jpAw;why; mth; ,e;jpah epjp neUf;fb epiyik
KOikf;FNkh my;yJ ,e;jpa ehl;bd;
xU Fwpg;gpl;l gFjpf;Nfh neUf;fb
,e;jpahtpd; epjp epiyik my;yJ
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~uj;J 352 (1) $WfpwJ. #o;epiy cUthfp cs;sJ vd

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ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; ,U mitfspd; epjp neUf;fb epiyikia
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,U mitfSk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy $WfpwJ.
vd;why; mg;gpufldkhdJ xU
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khjj;jpw;Fs; jd; nray;jpwid ,oe;J cah; ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpfs;. ,th;fspd;
tpLk;. vd ~uj;J 352 (4) $WfpwJ. Cjpaj;ij Fiwf;f FbauRj;jiyth;

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gpufldk; ,Ug;gpDk;> NkYk; xU
khepyr; rl;lkd;wq;fsha; epiwNtw;Wk;
neUf;fb epiyik gpufldj;ij vy;yh epjp kNrhjhf;fisAk; jkJ
FbauRj;jiyth; mwptpf;fyhk; vd ghprPyidf;F mDg;GkhW FbauRj;
~uj;J 352 (9) $WfpwJ. jiyth; cj;jutplyhk;

,e;j khjphpahd neUf;fb epiyik
khepy neUf;fb epiyik:
epiyik: ,Jtiu gpufldg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy.

~uj;J 356d;
356 gb FbauRj;jiyth;> xU gQ;rhaj;J uh[;
khepy MSeh; mDg;gpa
73tJ kw;Wk; 74tJ murpayikg;Gj;
mwpf;ifapidg; ngw;wjpd; NghpNyh jpUj;jr; rl;lk; (1992)
my;yJ mk;khepy murhq;fk;
11 kw;Wk; 12 Mfpa ,uz;L
murpayikg;G rl;l tifKiwfspd;gb ml;ltizfisAk; ehk;
elj;j Kbahj #o;epiy cUthfp ngw;wpUf;fpNwhk;.
cs;sJ vd mth; jpUg;jpAw;whNyh>
me;j khepyj;jpy; mth; neUf;fb
73tJ jpUj;jr; rl;lk;
epiyikiag; gpufldg; gLj;jyhk;. gQ;rhaj;Jf;fSf;Fk;

~uj;J 356d; gb khepy neUf;fb
74tJ jpUj;jr;rl;lk; efuhl;rpfSf;Fk;
epiyik gpufldkhdJ murpayikg;G hPjpahd mq;ff P huk;
ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; xt;nthU mitapd; toq;Ffpd;wd.
Kd;Gk; itf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mjid
gQ;rhaj;Jf;fs; efuhl;rpfis
,uz;L khj fhyk; KbtilAk; Kd; epWTtjw;fhf Vw;w rl;lq;fis
ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; ,U mitfSk; ,aw;Wk; mjpfhuk; khepy rl;lkpaw;Wk;
mq;ff P hpf;ftpy;iy vd;why; mJ ,uz;L mitfSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
khj fhyk; tiu mkypy; ,Uf;Fk;.
xU gQ;rhaj;J fiyf;fg;gl;lhy;> MW

mj;jF gpufldj;ij mjidj; khjq;fSf;Fs; kPzL ; k; Njh;jy;
njhlh;ej ; xU gpufldj;jpdhy;. elj;jg;gl;lhf Ntz;Lk;.
jpUk;gg;ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk; my;yJ
gQ;rhaj;Jj; Njh;jy;fis
khw;wpaikf;fyhk;. elj;Jtjw;fhf xt;nthU khepyj;jpYk;

,e;j gpufldkhdJ kf;fsitapdhy; khepy Njh;jy; Mizah; xUth;
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I -


II -

MP, MLA, =, 
III -
.
-
IV  -
.
V SC/ST . -
ST
VI -
.
VII . -
21,71 & 92
VIII r .

=
IX 1
.
X . 52
XI . 73
XII . 74

20


9 - =
1 1951

7 1956
15 8
21 1967
.
r
24 1971
.
Mini constitution- , r,
r,
42 1976
, 5 6
r .
r r =,
44 1978
6 5
10 ,
52 1985
.
61 1988 r 21 18
, r 8
71 1992
.
73 1992 11
74 1992 12 .
69% 9
76 1994
.
86 2002 - 21A, 45, 51A(k)
338A- SC/ST
89 2003
.
1. r
(/ ) 
91 2003
15% .
2. .
, r, ,
92 2003
8 
 OBC
93 2006

96 2011 r  .
.
97 2012 - IX B, 19(1)(c) 43B-
.

20
20