Languages in programming

What is the language of the computer?

The computer language is a programing language which was created to communicate instructions to a
machine, mainly a computer. The language is used to create complex and simple programs that the
computer uses to generate results. The language is split into 2 parts, Syntax (form) and Semantics
(meaning). Syntax is the structure of statements in a computer language and Semantics is about
understanding the statements being put in. When we enter text and scripts into the computer, the
machine doesnt understand what you just put in at all, they were not programmed to understand all the
possible types of languages. Semantics allow the computer to understand what is going on in the scripts
and the meaning behind the text. All programs are required to speak a language to make the machine
understand it and know what to do. There are hundreds of different programming languages being used
today, and the computer can read all of them. Some examples are: Java, Python and C.

Programing paradigm
A simple explanation to this is, is that the paradigm provides the means and structure for the
implementation of the program. Some languages make it easy to write in paradigms while others do not.
Some examples of programing paradigms are: Procedural, Object-Oriented, and Event-Driven.

Procedural
Procedural programming is the type of programming that specifies well-structured steps and
procedures. With the right context and put in the right order. To put it simply procedural programming is
that is created using well-structured steps. However this type of code is normally hard to write as it
needs to be neat and tidy for the computer to understand it.

Object Oriented
This type of programming is organized around objects, rather than actions and commands. This type of
data will allow objects to work and operate (move around). This type of programming is an easy way to
modify an existing code as an entirely new object can be created with small changes to existing one.
However this might be a bit harder to understand in some languages like C++ because the code is much
more difficult to read, understand and learn at the beginning.

Event Driven
This type of programming is a programming paradigm in which the movement of the paradigm is
determined any movement. Movement can be created by keyboard clicks, mouse clicks or sensors. This
type of programming helps a lot when designing programs as it makes a lot of things possible. This
programming is widely used by video games.
Supporting Tools and Environments
IDE is an application that gives tools to programmers. Most different IDEs regularly comprises of a source
code editor, build automation tools and a debugger. Most current IDEs offer intelligent code completion
feature.

CASE is the utilization of a PC-assisted method to sort out and control the development of a software.
CASE permits designers, code writers, testers, organizers, and chiefs to share a typical perspective of
where a project remains at each phase of development. A CASE tool may show the progress of a project
graphically.

Since the development procedure emphasizing testing and updating, the cost of servicing an item over
its lifetime can be decreased significantly.

Factors influencing the choice of programming language.

There are factors that limit or allow people to use certain programming. Some of these restrictions are
organisational policies, features and tools of the language, reliability and trained staff.

Organizational policies

An organization may utilize Apple programming in light of the fact that the product is easy to utilize and
explore, or because they also have applications that permits clients to do their work in their telephones
or tablets. Another organization may have picked the product to utilize Mac book and another
organization may have arrangement to utilize free programming, for example, Linux. This strategy is to
choose and pick the right programming in the organization.

Trained staff and availability

The developers who take a shot at developing a program should be skilled in utilizing a specific
programming language, so he/she can take a shot at any language effectively while making a new
product. This would help those complete projects much faster and more efficiently. The software
engineers must meet all requirements to do the programming work, if not then there can be a few
dangers while designing the code for the program.

Reliability

The product program should be reliable and simple and it should have a solid security software. Some
programming languages have diverse components built in them and this element helps the program to
be more reliable. Some product have no security incorporated with them, so they are more probable not
to work.

Expandability
Some product's framework need to support hundreds of thousands clients, similar to the product may
need to support a huge quantities of and not crash at the same time. Some programs have better
features than others that support large-system programs.

Development and maintenance

The Development and Maintenance cost for making a bit of programming is the amount of money that is
accessible for creating the program. However there is a later cost if you wish to maintain the program
and keep it running.

When in development you should ensure that there is sufficient budget to cover recruitment and being
able to buy equipment and programming needed to finish the undertaking. At that point, you will
likewise be required to keep up the program when it is being used as technology. Most technology
requires constant updates to keep the program working and safe. This updating will require even more
budget as they will need to pay the programmers.

Sustainability

When asked to make a piece from programming, you would need to choose the right programming
language that would be appropriate to make the product that has been asked of you. There are
numerous languages that can be picked however it relies on upon what kind programming you are
making and what tools the programming language gives to help you make the product.

Some of the most reliable programming languages.

Python

Python is very reliable. The dialect has been around for more than 20 years, and is being used in several
thousand if not more sites. Python is effectively updated, so when issues are found, they are managed
instantly. But, the reliability of a code you composed relies on upon your expertise at programming. On
the off chance that you compose a buggy code, Python can't spare you from your own mistakes.

Python is appropriate. Python is open-source so individuals can uninhibitedly utilize and distribute.
Python can be easy to pick up depending on whether you are a first time programmer or you are
experienced with other languages.

Python is not a heavy programming dialect like Java. It is quick and simple to make and update. Python
eliminates the amount of code you need to execute a task. Python is very close to the English language,
utilizing words like "not" and "in" to make it to where you can read a program, or script, to anyone who
might not know programming and still make sense to them. This is additionally helped by Python's
extremely strict punctuation rules which implies you don't have curly brackets ({ }) everywhere on your
code.
Overall python is used for, Web and internet development, Scientific and numeric computing, education
(introducing people to coding), Desktop GUIs and software development.
This alone shows that Python can be used for many different tasks.
Java

Java is reliable to the extent of the software engineer. On the off chance that the coding is not organized
or not efficient, it could slow down the program overall. Programs such as eclipse help you find these
errors in the code and help you fix them.

Java is good for all machines running Java VM. It is designed so Java can write the code once and run all
over the computer. Java is more qualified for the web and cell phones. Android is composed in Java.

Java is a standout amongst the most prominent of programming languages. So when an organization are
selecting staff, it is more probable that the potential worker has previous Java experience.

Construct 2

Construct 2 is a dependable programming for creating games. There are no crashes and you don't need
be an expert software engineer to make a game.

Construct 2 only works on Windows OS. It is appropriate for designers who need to make 2D gamers,
you can't make 3D games with this software.

Construct 2 just uses Windows OS in light of the fact that the dominant part of gamers utilize this OS.
Since Windows OS is broadly utilized for gaming, it is intelligent for Construct 2 to support Windows OS
than Mac or Linux.

Sequence, Selection, Iteration

Sequence

A straightforward meaning of grouping is that it is an arrangement of directions that are all together,
one guideline after another.
A flow chart is a diagram that utilizes shapes to imagine a procedure. Flow charts are valuable since it is
easier to visualize rather than describe. Flow charts are a step by step guide from start to end. There
might be different routes taken and different outcomes but there is always a end.

Selection

A selection is the point at which a question is asked and relying upon the answer, there might be more
than one result. A selection might also be known as a if statement. For instance, "What is your age?"
may be asked and there are various results. Utilizing the if statement, I could state that 'if the number is
between 13 and 17, say "You are a youngster'.

Iteration

An iteration is a PC circle that experiences a gathering of directions which gets executed again and again.
Iteration includes the utilization of two factors which are known as the "while" and the "do while".
Variety of Data Types
Data Alternative How to use C# Common Advantages disadvantages Size
type Name use
String Text String Words, Unlike Char, this This type of
VariableName Names, can store whole data takes up
words not just a lot more
single letter or space in the
sign. memory than
Char.
Integer Number Int Variable Numbers Less memory used Cannot have 1-8
than real decimals Bytes
numbers/decimals. otherwise the
program will
crash
Boolean Yes/No, Bool Conditions Uses less data than Can only have 1 BIT
True/false condition=true a char 2 state, yes or
no
Char Character Char variable Codes or Useful for This can only 1 Byte
name initials. representing codes be 1 letter
as it uses less
memory than
string.
Decimal Decimal Decimals This allows more This uses 4-8
VariableName in sums. accurate more Bytes
calculation to be memory than
made than with the integer.
the integer.
Array List string Creating a Arrange data in Difficult to
VariableName list rows and columns. delete or edit
= new
Can store many data in a
string([insert
amount of strings and array.
arrays you integers in one
want) field.
Software design principles and software structures
Software design principles are simply steps that are needed to be taken in order to create a well-
functioning application/program. However you can always go back in steps and fix any mistakes
made.

These principles/steps are split up into 6 parts. These are:

1) Gather any user requirements.

2) Create a specific specification towards your program/application.

3) Create a simple first design.

4) Write the code for the program and implement any functions.

5) Test the code/program to see if it is working and if it has any

faulty code.

6) Once you have tested the code, you will want to be able to
aaaa maintain it to allow the program to keep on running.

These steps can also be taken when updating a program/application.

Gather user requirements

The person creating the program usually has a good idea of what it needs to be. This is because he
would have gotten a specification from the person in need of the program. The client would simply
explain to the programmer what his need is for the program to do, how he wants it to look and how
its meant to work.

Creating a specification

In this part the programmer, using the user requirements he had gathered previously, would create
a specification. This would simply be how about to program will be created and work based on the
user requirements. The programmer would most likely show his specification to the client and if the
client agrees they would move on to the next step.

Creating the design

In this part the programmer will determine how the program should operate in order to meet the
user requirements. Here the programmer would design the basics of the program.

Write the program

After all those steps have been taken, the programmer starts writing the actual code that will make
the program do what it has to do. Usually there are multiple amount of programmers working on 1
program. The amount of people working on it depends on the size of the program. If its a big
program just like FIFA, there will be lots of programmers who would be split onto teams and carry
out different tasks.
Test the program

Once the coding and programming has finished, the programmers have to make sure that the
program is working according to the user requirements. Each programmer would test their own
version of the program they have created, as every person might have done the little things
differently. They would later take these programs in a bigger way to see if the program is working
the way it is meant to be.

Maintaining the program

In this part the programmer would double check the code to make sure there arent any problems.
He would then check how the program maintains on a long term basis. He would then give the
finished product to the client.

Design Principles
Readability

In big programs where multiple programmers are involved, it is important for the programmers to
understand each others codes. This is where useful things like comments come in handy. Coders
design a section of a program can leave a comment for other coders. This would help the person
continuing the work on the program left behind by the previous person. Comments are also ignored
by the computer so they do not interfere with any code/programming.

Functions

Functions break up the program into smaller sections which makes the program much easier to use.
A simple use of functions could be a button to help to navigate around the program. Functions are
divided into 2 parts, built-in functions and user-defined functions

An example of a built-in function would be a button. It helps the user navigate around the program.
These are accessible by the user but cannot be changed by the user.

A user-defined function is a function which was wanted by the user.

Procedures

Procedures are a small part of the program which are divided into even smaller parts where each
procedure carries a task. Procedures make the coding of the program much easier to understand as
it splits it up to much smaller pieces, therefore the codes are smaller and much easier to understand.
This is useful when working with a big program with long coding which might look confusing.
Procedures would break it down and make it much simpler.

Maintainability

This simply means that program needs to regularly updated and worked on. The program may also
require updates to the code and bug fixes.

Portability

This is where the programmers make sure that the program is accessible on different devices or
versions if needed.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_language

https://web.eecs.umich.edu/~rthomaso/documents/general/what-is-semantics.html

http://www.101computing.net/sequencing-selection-iteration/