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Exersices 1B

This document contains solutions to exercises from Chapter 1 of the textbook "Linear Algebra Done Right". It includes step-by-step solutions to 6 problems covering topics like proving properties of vectors, vector spaces, and identifying which requirements are not met by the empty set. One solution shows that adding infinity elements violates the uniqueness of the zero vector, meaning the set is not a vector space over the reals.

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Kevin Steven
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89 views

Exersices 1B

This document contains solutions to exercises from Chapter 1 of the textbook "Linear Algebra Done Right". It includes step-by-step solutions to 6 problems covering topics like proving properties of vectors, vector spaces, and identifying which requirements are not met by the empty set. One solution shows that adding infinity elements violates the uniqueness of the zero vector, meaning the set is not a vector space over the reals.

Uploaded by

Kevin Steven
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solutions to Linear Algebra Done Right

Third Edition

Home Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Exercise B

Chapter 1 Exercise B
Posted on January 2, 2016 by Mohammad Rashidi

1. Prove that (v) = v for every v V .


Solution: By definition, we have

(v) + ((v)) = 0 and v + (v) = 0.

This implies both v and (v) are additive inverses of v , by the uniqueness of additive inverse,
it follows that (v) = v .

2. Suppose a F , v V , and av = 0 . Prove that a = 0 or v = 0 .

Solution: If a 0 , then a has inverse a1 such that a1 a = 1 . Hence

v = 1 v = (a1 a)v = a1 (av) = a1 0 = 0.

Here we use associativity in 1.19 and and 1.30.

3. Suppose v, w V . Explain why there exists a unique x V such that v + 3x = w .

1
Solution: Let x = (w v) , then
3
1
v + 3x = v + 3 (w v) = v + (w v) = w.
3

This shows existence. Now we show uniqueness. Suppose, we have another vector x such that
v + 3x = w . Then v + 3x = w implies 3x = w v . Similarly, 3x = w v . Hence

3(x x ) = 3x 3x = (w v) (w v) = 0.

By Problem 2, it follows that x x = 0 . This shows uniqueness.


4. The empty set is not a vector space. The empty set fails to satisfy only one of the requirements
listed in 1.19. Which one?

Solution: Additive identity: there exists an element 0 V such that v + 0 = v for all v V ; This
means V cannot be empty.

5. Show that in the definition of a vector space (1.19), the additive inverse condition can be
replaced with the condition that

0v = 0 for allv V . (1)

Here the 0 on the left side is the number 0 , and the 0 on the right side is the additive identity of V
. (The phrase a condition can be replaced in a definition means that the collection of objects
satisfying the definition is unchanged if the original condition is replaced with the new
condition.)

Solution: If we assume the additive inverse condition, we already show (1) in 1.29. Now we
assume (1) and then show additive inverse condition. Since we have (1) , we have

v + ((1)v) = 1v + ((1)v) = (1 + (1))v = 0v = 0,

this means the existence of additive inverse, i.e. the additive inverse condition.

6. Let and denote two distinct objects, neither of which is in R . Define an addition and
scalar multiplication on R {} {} as you could guess from the notation. Specifically, the
sum and product of two real numbers is as usual, and for t R define

, ift < 0,
,
ift < 0,
t = 0, t() = 0,



ift = 0, ift = 0,
, ift > 0, , ift > 0,

t + = + t = , t + () = () + t = ,

+ = , () + () = , + () = 0.

Is R {} {} a vector space over R ? Explain.

Solution: This is not a vector space over R . Consider the distributive properties in 1.19. If this is a
vector space over R , we will have

= (2 + (1)) = 2 + (1) = + () = 0.
Hence for any t R , one has

t = 0 + t = + t = = 0.

We get a contradiction since zero vector is unique.

About Mohammad Rashidi


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This entry was posted in Chapter 1 and tagged Exercise B.


6 Comments Solutions to Linear Algebra Done Right 3rd Edition
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MASHIAT MUTMAINNAH a year ago


Hi! Thank you so much for all the solutions, I really appreciate your hard work. Can someone please explain to
me the contradiction in the solution Ex 1B question 6?
I just can't seem to understand it. Thank you!
1 Reply Share

Mohammad Rashidi Mod > MASHIAT MUTMAINNAH 5 months ago


Since zero vector should be unique.
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Abu-Yakitori > Mohammad Rashidi 3 months ago


Why 0 + t = infinity + t?
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spindash > Abu-Yakitori 3 months ago


From the first equation we obtain = 0 (only using distributive properties).
Whereas in the second equation we get t = 0
That is the contradiction, 0 is not unique.

0+t = +t since by the result of the first equation = 0. So if 0=, 0+t=+t.


1 Reply Share

Maxis Jaisi 2 months ago


Alternatively, we could just observe that $ t + \infty = \infty$ for every $ t \in \mathbf{R}$ automatically
violates uniqueness of additive identity.
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Rong Ou 2 months ago


For 6 it also violates associativity:

(\infty + \infty) + (-\infty) = \infty + (-\infty) = 0


\infty + (\infty + (-\infty)) = \infty + 0 = \infty
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