JMJ Marist Brothers

College of Engineering and Technology

NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF LIGHTING PLAN FOR ENGINEERING AND

HYDRAULICS LABORATORIES AT NDMU

____________________

A Thesis Presented to

The Faculty of the College of Engineering and Technology

Notre Dame of Marbel University

City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

____________________

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering

____________________

By

Marckie Roldan Tajo

Keenau Janz Manipon

Honey Lyn Mara

Dan Kzar Ian Araquil

March 2017
 JMJ Marist Brothers
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled Evaluation and Design of Lighting Plan for Engineering and

Hydraulics Laboratories at NDMU prepared and submitted by Keenau Janz Manipon,

Honey Lyn Mara, Dan Kzar Ian Araquil, and Marckie Roldan Tajo in partial fulfillment

for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering is hereby accepted.

APPROVED:

ENGR.ELMER CLAVERIA

ADVISER

ENGR. MICHAEL MARCELLA ENGR. RACHEL SUCAYAN

PANELIST PANELIST

ENGR. ERNESTO GUARO JR. Ph.D

PANELIST

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Science in
Electrical Engineering.

ENGR. VICTORINO TOBIAS JR.

Dean, College of Engineering and Technology
Notre Dame of Marbel University

ii
 JMJ Marist Brothers
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

ABSTRACT

The main objective of the study is to design, compute, and evaluate the lighting
plan of the laboratories.

The study found out that the current design of the Engineering and Hydraulics
Laboratory does not met the standard lux levels. In designing of the lighting plan for this
study, the researchers considered and identified the different types of illumination that is
compatible with the study. According to the American Lighting Association and to the
Department of Energy.

Particularly with architectural lighting, details show themselves to their best

advantage with this illumination principle. Indoor and outdoor spaces can be structured
using light zones. These illuminated areas model the spaces and create an arc of tension
for the viewer. This principle is comparable with daylight. Illuminated and shaded areas
in our environment help us to find our bearings and allow us to assess spatial dimensions
quickly. We need this interplay of light and shade to provide orientation.

The visual environment affects a learners skills to observe visual stimuli and
affects his or her mental manner, and then, performance. The fact is if students have
motivation in their schools interior environment, they would be more academically
successful. The positive effect of lighting on students learning performance occurs if it
designed correctly.

The study concluded that the new lighting plan for Engineering and Hydraulics
Laboratories will meet the standard lux levels required for appropriate room environment.

iii
 JMJ Marist Brothers
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title Page i

Approval sheet ii

Abstract iii

Table of Contents iv

Acknowledgement vi

CHAPTER

I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING 1

Introduction 1

Statement of Objectives 4

Significance of the Study 4

Scope of the Study 5

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND 6

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Conceptual Framework 6

Related Literature 7

Definition of Terms 12

III METHODOLOGY 14

Research Design 14

iv
 JMJ Marist Brothers
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Research Instrument 16

Data Gathering Procedures 17

Data Analysis 18

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 19

Results 19

Discussion 24

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION 25

Summary 25

Conclusion 25

Recommendation 25

REFERENCES 26

APPENDICES 27

RESEARCHER PROFILE 31

v
 JMJ Marist Brothers
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere and profound gratitude to the following

persons who, in one way or another contributed and extended their valuable assistance in

the preparation of and completion of this study

First and foremost, our greatest thanks to our Lord Jesus Christ in whom we live,

we move and have our being

Our utmost gratitude to Engr. Elmer Claveria for the suggestions, assistance and

considerations regarding to our study.

Dr. Noemi Silva for her unselfish support and assistance regarding to our study.

Our panel members, Engr. Michael Marcella, Engr. Rachel Sucayan and Engr.

Ernesto Guaro Jr. for sharing their precious time and valuable ideas for the improvement

of this study.

To our parents, Rowena R. Manipon, Wellie and Estelita Mara, Welhilmina Tajo,

and Engr. Danilo Araquil for their financial support and encouragement without which

we could not have withstood the perils of the many sleepless nights we have gone

through.

Our classmates and colleagues for steadfast encouragement to complete this

study.

vi
 JMJ Marist Brothers 1
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Chapter I

THE PROBLEM

A classroom is one of the foundations of learning in the school. This serves as the

students second home. This is where they learn, read, and understand the whole world.

This is also one of the most important place in the school is the classroom. Classrooms

have also some irregularities like background, location, and many more. According to

Kinnealey, M. & Ellner, M. L. (2012), One critical area that deserves the attention of

educators, administrators, designers and maintenance teams is illumination. A term that

describes aspects much broader than the standard overhead electric lighting system,

illumination also includes direct natural light, indirect natural light, indirect artificial light

and reflected light, as well as the control of all light sources.

The modern classroom is a space where a wide range of teaching/learning

activities take place. These include traditional blackboard tasks, individual desk work,

computer work, audiovisual presentations, fine arts, sewing, the use of visual aids on the

walls and more. Classroom lighting needs to provide teachers with the ability to change

the lighting in response to the visual needs of each type of activity.

 JMJ Marist Brothers 2
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Indoor lighting should achieve the desired appearance and ambience in the space

as well as meet many other important functional and psychological needs. From the study

conducted by Educators have noticed how lighting affects students behavior, alertness

and ability to learn. Classroom lighting plays a particular role because of the direct

relationship between good lighting and students performance. Bad lighting leads to

discomfort and hyperactivity, while better lighting produces greater productivity. (Baker,

Lane, Angley, & Young, 2008).

The Research from Portney & Watkins entitled Effect of classroom modication

on attention and engagement of students has shown the effect of illuminance on output

for a number of practical tasks such as reading, counting and measuring. All of the results

showed that as illuminance increased, time was needed to carry out each task decreased.

Studies involving proofreading and number comparison showed that performance

improved significantly with increasing illuminance.

Teachers have also noted that lighting affected their own effectiveness in the

classroom and their ability to handle the stresses of the teaching profession. Lighting can

have a significant impact both on student and teacher productivity. (Portney & Watkins,

2000).

Many experts agree that the best approach to classroom lighting is a balance of

indirect (up) light, which is light reflected from the ceiling that provides uniform ambient

illumination throughout the space and controlled direct (down) light, to provide enhanced

Visibility for reading and writing tasks.

 JMJ Marist Brothers 3
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

One approach to classroom lighting that has gained wider acceptance in recent

years is creating instructional spaces that rely on daylight for illumination. While natural

illumination from windows and skylights is a preferred standard, most learning

environments will require supplemental electric lighting. It is evident that lighting and

windows play a significant role in the achievements of students; however, daylight in

some poorly designed instructional spaces may enter the room too directly and create

glare, which can hinder learning. Generally, when people sense the lighting system is

causing visual discomfort, the problem is poor lighting quality. (Portney & Watkins,

2000).

This thesis determined the lux levels of the classrooms if they need the standard

illuminance level. The classroom will be evaluated each for proper illuminance level that

is appropriate to meet the standard. This will be important to the students in using the

rooms. They may feel comfortable and the room is conducive. This may improve the

learning strategies of the teachers so they can enhance their teaching procedures.

However, a classroom is a difficult space to light with daylight, because of the

depth of the classroom and the different tasks which must be performed in it. At Notre

Dame of Marbel University, a study must be conducted in order to optimize the

illumination access by designing a lighting plan.

 JMJ Marist Brothers 4
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Statement of Objectives

This study aims to evaluate and design the lighting plan for Engineering and

Hydraulics Laboratories of Notre Dame of Marbel University to illuminate for standard

illumination.

Specifically, this study aimed to:

1. Identify the standard illumination in each Laboratory.

2. Evaluate the rooms to identify its current illumination level.

3. Compare the results from the standard illumination to its current illumination

level.

4. Develop an illumination design which is appropriate for room environment.

Significance of the Study

The results of this investigation could be highly significant and beneficial

specifically to the following:

Students. They are the Engineering students at the Notre Dame of Marbel University.

They need to perform many experiments and writings inside the Engineering and

Hydraulics Laboratories so proper illumination is needed.

 JMJ Marist Brothers 5
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Teachers. With improved lighting, Engineering teachers can easily monitor the

conduct of the experiments in the laboratories.

School Administrators. They can utilize the lighting plan to improve the

illumination in the Engineering and Hydraulics Laboratories.

Scope of the Study

This study can be used in determining the lux levels in the Laboratory. The

evaluation was conducted when the room is not occupied The lux levels were determined

in the Engineering and Hydraulic laboratories using a lux meter. The duration of

evaluation and observation of each laboratory was performed from the start and end of

the sudy.
 JMJ Marist Brothers 6
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Chapter II

REVIEW TO THE RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter covers the review on related literature regarding topic about the

evaluation and design of lighting plan for Engineering and Hydraulics Laboratories.

Conceptual Framework
Figure 1 shows the conceptual paradigm of this study which focuses on

illumination, types of illumination and assessment of illumination.

Assessment of Illumination

Design of Lighting Plan

Evaluation of Lighting Plan

Figure 1 conceptual framework

 JMJ Marist Brothers 7
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Assessment of Illumination

According to John McCreery and Timothy Hill (2005), Lighting needs to be

carefully addressed in new construction and modernization projects because controlled

daylight and appropriate artificial illumination are critical to the quality of student

performance.

There is a distinct and proven link between illumination and student achievement,

as indicated in the National Clearinghouse for Education (NCEF) study, Do School

Facilities Affect Academic Outcomes? NCEFs report states that, in terms of lighting,

there are seven independent studies indicating that classroom lighting affects student

performance. These reports also document that there are optimal lighting levels for

learning, that appropriate lighting improves test scores and reduces poor behavior, and

that daylight fosters higher student achievement. Clearly, correct illumination is a critical

component of teaching and learning. (Schneider 2002).

From the study by John McCreery and Timothy Hill (2002), Controlled

illumination is another critical component of the learning environment. Inadequate

lighting controls can produce negative results, including glare, eye strain, fatigue,

decreased attention span, increased body temperature and, consequently, poor

student/teacher performance.
 JMJ Marist Brothers 8
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Before the use of electricity became widespread, school environments depended

entirely on uncontrolled natural daylight as the only source of illumination. With the

advent of electricity, lighting design moved away from natural light and classrooms came

to depend primarily on electric lighting sources. (Venema, 2006)

Lighting is a fundamental feature of the designing building environment. Good

lighting should be comfortable for all building users. With the modern technology

designing a lighting system to meet all requirements of an environment is possible

(Bright, 2009). Environment illumination is very important for determining the users'

well-being and productivity. Illumination is a critical area that needs more attention from

educators, administrators, designers and maintenance teams. Illumination is not only

about electric light it also consists of direct natural light, indirect natural light, and

indirect artificial light and reflected light, as well as the control of all light resources

(Fielding, 2006; John & Timothy, 2005; Liberman, 1990; Oneworkpalce, 1999)

Variable light applies a potential advantage in indoor office accommodations with

respect to subjective or emotional mood (Hoffmann, Gufler, Griesmancher, Bartenbach,

& Canazei, 2008). Controlled daylight and appropriate artificial illumination needs to be

carefully addressed in schools as well because lighting is critical to the quality of

students performance (John & Timothy, 2005).

 JMJ Marist Brothers 9
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

In the term of lighting, daylight has an especial place and catches too many

focuses. Many studies have even shown access to natural light and fresh air systems can

increase health, comfort, and productivity (Gregg & Ander, 2008).

Design of Lighting Plan

In designing of the lighting plan for this study, the researchers considered and

identified the different types of illumination that is compatible with the study. According

to the American Lighting Association, the following are the types of illumination with its

meaning:

Ambient: Also called general lighting, ambient lighting provides overall

illumination for a room, and is intended to create a uniform light level throughout a

space, independent of any special lighting that may be needed in targeted areas of a room.

In most home settings, when a person steps into a room and flips on a switch, ambient

lighting illuminates the space. Ambient lighting takes many forms, including: ceiling-

mounted or recessed fixtures that direct light downwards; wall sconces or floor-lamp

torches that wash the walls with light; cove, soffit and valance lighting that bounces light

off ceilings and walls.

 JMJ Marist Brothers 10
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Task: Targeted to a particular area of a room, task lighting is intended to

illuminate a specific function. Areas of a home that require task lighting include kitchen

counters where food will be prepared; living room seating areas where reading will take

place; and home office desk surfaces where paperwork will be done. In a kitchen, under-

cabinet lighting provides task lighting for a countertop; in a living room, a table lamp is

often used for task lighting to accommodate reading.

Accent: Also called highlighting, accent lighting draws attention to a particular

object, such as artwork, sculpture, plants or bookcases. Accent lighting is often used

outdoors, to highlight a beautiful tree, plant or water feature, or to draw the eye to a

particular area of the landscape. Recessed or track lighting is often used for accent

lighting, with adjustable fittings that allow light to be focused precisely even on a small

object.

Particularly with architectural lighting, details show themselves to their best

advantage with this illumination principle. Indoor and outdoor spaces can be structured

using light zones. These illuminated areas model the spaces and create an arc of tension

for the viewer. This principle is comparable with daylight. Illuminated and shaded areas

in our environment help us to find our bearings and allow us to assess spatial dimensions

quickly. We need this interplay of light and shade to provide orientation. (Kelly, 1977)
 JMJ Marist Brothers 11
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Evaluation of Lighting Plan

In learning places, illumination plays an especially critical role because of the

direct relationship that good lighting and students performance have (Jago & Tanner,

1999). In fact, good lighting is very essential for any spaces that planned for formal

media presentation and training, or intended to support teamwork or individual. People

need enough and appropriate lighting system for reading or other visual tasks.

The visual environment affects a learners skills to observe visual stimuli and

affects his or her mental manner, and then, performance. The fact is if students have

motivation in their schools interior environment, they would be more academically

successful (Fielding, 2006; Pulay, 2010). The positive effect of lighting on students

learning performance occurs if it designed correctly. According to Pulay (2010) cited in

Benya (2001) explained A well-lit classroom includes glare control, balanced

brightness, higher reflectance ratings, and accent on the focal wall.

The aim of lighting design is to supply appropriate illuminance, color

temperature, and lighting to meet the requirement of the users vision. Some people

believe that lighting itself has no effect on their performance. Some researchers also

argue lighting has no effect on peoples mood or performance. (Rice, 2010)

 JMJ Marist Brothers 12
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

But, in the other hand many people believe that lighting in environments has direct effect

on their mood and it can change their performance as well. For instance, most of people

have spent some of their time in buildings that may feel sick and uncomfortable, and they

naturally desire to escape from that uncomfortable environment. That could refer to the

poor designing or insufficient lighting quality. There is a kind of stress on peoples body

that can lead to disease or slow breakdown of biological function. The important point is

that the human body wishes to be healthy, and for having a very great physical and

mental power it is necessary to have appropriate environment. Each cell in human body is

separately able to sense and respond correctly to both positive and negative influences in

environments (Rice, 2010). In fact, people have the skills in their bodies to know when a

place is good or bad for them. However, sometimes the negative stresses that people

experience are slighter and less noticeable or clear to them. (Rice, 2010).

Definition of Terms

Illumination - it is also called daylight. Illumination is the deliberate use of light to

achieve a practical or aesthetic effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light
sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by
capturing daylight.
 JMJ Marist Brothers 13
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Luminance - is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light
travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through, is
emitted or reflected from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle. The SI
unit for luminance is candela per square meter (cd/m2).

Lux - is the SI unit of illuminance and luminous emittance, measuring luminous flux per
unit area. It is equal to one lumen per square meter. It is analogous to the radiometric unit
watts per square meter, but with the power at each wavelength weighted according to the
luminosity function, a standardized model of human visual brightness perception.

Lux Meter - is a device for measuring brightness, specifically, the intensity with which
the brightness appears to the human eye. This is different than measurements of the
actual light energy produced by or reflected from an object or light source. The lux is a
unit of measurement of brightness, or more accurately, illuminance.
 JMJ Marist Brothers 14
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the procedure of collecting the data and analysis of the data

gathered Research design.

Research Design

This study employs the descriptive type of investigation. It includes the actual

evaluation of lights and the illuminance of the Engineering and Hydraulics Laboratories

in Teston and Omer hall. Figure 2 shows the research design of this study. It represents

the summarized plan of work in conducting the study. The table 1 shows the standard

Illumination levels that can be used as reference for the lux levels of the laboratory

rooms.

Table 1 - Efficacy Ranges and Color Rendering Indices of Various Lamps

Source: www.doe.gov.ph/
 JMJ Marist Brothers 15
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Assessment of Illumination Computing the Room luminous flux

Computing the current room Lux

Level

Compare the Lux Level

Design of Lighting Plan

Evaluation of Proposal

Figure 2 Research Design

Source: www.doe.gov.ph/

Table 1 Standard Illumination Level

 JMJ Marist Brothers 16
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Research Instruments

The following are the instruments and materials used in conducting this study.

Lux meter Lux meters for measuring brightness in lux, foot candle or candela/meter.

Some lux meters are equipped with internal memory or a data logger to record the

measurements. The measurement of light intensity with these lux meters is becoming

increasingly important in the workplace where protective screens are needed to avoid

risk. Lux meters with data loggers are highly regarded especially due to their cosine

correction of the angle of incident light. Some lux meters have memory to store measured

values, and moreover software in addition to different interfaces which make it possible

to transfer measured data to a computer. On the computer, further analysis can take place.

Steel tape - Flexible rule of thin steel that retracts into a protective case. It is used for

measuring irregular and regular shapes. The steel tape measures shall be made in nominal

lengths of 0.5 m, lm, and 2m. 3m, 4m or 5 m or an integral multiple of 5 m provided that

the maximum nominal length shall not exceed 200 m.

Scientific Calculator A scientific calculator is a type of electronic calculator, usually

but not always handheld, designed to calculate problems in science, engineering, and

mathematics.
 JMJ Marist Brothers 17
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Scientific calculators are used widely in any situation where quick access to certain

mathematical functions is needed, especially those that were once looked up in tables,

such as trigonometric functions or logarithms; they are also used in situations requiring

calculations of very large or very small numbers, as in some aspects of astronomy,

physics, and chemistry.

Data Gathering Procedures

The research started from getting access to the Engineering and Hydraulics

Laboratories for observation and evaluation. The instruments that are needed in this study

are provided by the Engineering Laboratory. The rooms must be vacant from classes to

avoid class disturbances. The evaluation determined the required data for the luminous

flux of the Laboratory. The researchers counted the number of row and lighting fixtures

each row. The researchers determined the type of light bulbs and its wattage rating that

was used for determining the lighting design lumens using the lumens per wattage.

The next step was determining the floor height and width. The researchers

used the steel tape for determining the floor height and width values. The unit must be in

meters. The area of the floor was used in determining the current luminous flux or lux

which is in lumens per area of the floor. These was the computed value of the lux level in

the rooms. The lux level in each room must be different from each other.
 JMJ Marist Brothers 18
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

The lux meter was used for determining the measured value of the lux levels on each

rooms. The researchers compared the results of the measured value from the computed

value for checking and verification. After the verification is complete, the researchers

compared the results if the lux levels meet the standard lux level from Table 1. If the lux

level of the rooms does not meet the standard lux level, recommendation is required to

change the lux level by developing and presenting the lighting design that is appropriate

in a certain room.

Data Analysis

The following formula was used in determining the illuminance level in each room.

General equation for illuminance in space

N x Li x Cu x LLF
I=
A
Where:

I = illumination (lux, lumen/m2)

N = Number of Lamps
Li = lumens output per lamp (lumen)
Cu = coefficient of utilization
LLF = light loss factor
A = area of workplace (m2)

Coefficient of utilization is based on room cavity ratio (RCR)

5HRC (L + W)
Room-cavity Ratio, RCR = LW
Where:
HRC = Room cavity height
L = Length of the room
W = Width of the room

Room cavity height (HRC) = Luminaire height Work plane height

 JMJ Marist Brothers 19
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter represents the data and design for NDMU Engineering and

Hydraulics Laboratories. The researchers used AutoCAD, tape measure, and lux meter to

design a lighting plan based on the room dimensions and illuminance levels.

Result

Table 3 shows the lux levels in computed and measured values from the

Engineering and Hydraulics Laboratories. The researcher started evaluating the rooms

last October 18, 2016. The results had been gathered to use for determining its lux level

in a specific area and dimension for AutoCAD. However, there are similarities in the

dimensions of the rooms like the area of the window and its doors. The ballast factor of

fluorescent lamps in each rooms are different because the lamps may differ in terms of

wattage rating in the current lighting plan. After the data gathered and finished designed

drawing from the program, the researchers calculated the required values to obtain the

average maintained illuminance or the lux levels through the standard values from Table

1, Table 2, and Table 5. Based on the standard lux levels given by the Department of

Energy.

Table 3 lux levels on current Laboratory design

Work Area Computed Lux Level(lux) Standard Lux Level(lux)

Engineering Laboratory 149.94 200-300

Hydraulics Laboratory 112.177 200-300

 JMJ Marist Brothers 20
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Table 5 Specifications and data gathered from Engineering Laboratory

Room Length 29 ft
Room Width 13.125 ft
Number of Lamps 6 lamps
Ballast Factor 0.98
Lumens output per Lamp 3000 lumens
Lamp Lumen Depreciation 0.94
Luminaire Dirt Depreciation 0.87
Light Loss Factor 0.7995
Coefficient of Utilization 0.647

Figure 3 Old Design of lighting plan for Engineering Laboratory

 JMJ Marist Brothers 21
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Figure 4 New Design of lighting plan for Engineering Laboratory

Table 6 Specifications and data gathered from Engineering Laboratory

Room Length 29 ft
Room Width 23.3 ft
Number of Lamps 6 lamps
Ballast Factor 0.95
Lumens output per Lamp 3000 lumens
Lamp Lumen Depreciation 0.94
Luminaire Dirt Depreciation 0.87
Light Loss Factor 0.7995
Coefficient of Utilization 0.749
 JMJ Marist Brothers 22
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Figure 5 Old Design of lighting plan for Hydraulics Laboratory

 JMJ Marist Brothers 23
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Figure 6 New Design of lighting plan for Hydraulics Laboratory

 JMJ Marist Brothers 24
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Discussion

On the current design of the rooms, the researchers found out that there is a

difference of the lux level between the current design and proposed lighting plan for the

rooms. The value of average maintained illuminance in the engineering laboratory on the

current design is 149.94 lux which does not meet the standard lux level of the laboratory.

The value of average maintained illuminance in the hydraulics laboratory on the current

design is 112.177 lux which does not meet the standard lux level of the laboratory. The

new lighting plan designed by the researchers in each rooms have obtained the standard

lux levels that is appropriate for the rooms. The researchers also notice that some of the

fluorescent lamps were busted or not operational. These will affect the illuminance level

of the rooms and the working environment by making it uncomfortable to use.

 JMJ Marist Brothers 25
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

The researchers evaluated and designed a lighting plan for Engineering and

Hydraulics Laboratories in Notre Dame of Marbel University. It is because it may help

the students and also the teachers to have comfortable learning environment. Since the

said laboratories are dim and sometimes uncomfortable to the environment and it may

affect the performance of the students that they cannot perform well in their studies. The

researchers are able to compute the lux levels and compared the results to the standard

lux levels given by the Department of Energy. For the new design, we are able to

compute the required data such as floor, wall, and ceiling reflectance

Conclusion

The researchers conclude that the current design of Engineering and Hydraulics

Laboratories has not met the standard lux levels. The researchers designed the new

lighting plan to meet the standard lux level to be able to provide the required

illumination.

Recommendation

According to the findings and conclusion formulated in the study the following

recommendations are hereby proposed.

1. Implementation of the new lighting plan for Engineering and Hydraulics

Laboratories.

2. Replacement of fluorescent bulbs to 40W T-12 Fluorescent lamps for better

illumination.
 JMJ Marist Brothers 26
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

REFERENCES

Bright, k. (Ed.). (2009). making buildings inclusive and accessible 2009: special report
Cambridge: workplace Law Publishing.

Fielding, R. (2006). Learning, Lighting and Color: Lighting design for schools and
universities in the 21st century. 1-7. Retrieved from
http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch
_SearchValue_0=ED 497664&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED497664

Gregg, D., & Ander. (2008). Whole building design guide - windows and glazing.
Retrieved February 22, 2016, from http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php.

Guidelines on Energy Conserving Design of Buildings(2008).Retrieve from

http://www.doe.gov.ph/microsites/pelmatp/Guidelines_on_Energy_Conserving_Design_
on_Buildings_(v._2008).pdf

Hoffmann, G., Gufler, V., Griesmancher, A., Bartenbach, C., & Canazei, M. (2008).
Essects of variable lighting intensities and colour tempertures on sulphatoxymelatonin
and subjective mood in an experimental office workplace. Applied Ergonomic 39(6),
719-728.

Jago, E., & Tanner, K. (1999). Influence of the school facility on student achievement.
Retrieved February 22, 2016, from
http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/researchabstracts/visual.html

John, M., & Timothy, E. H. (2005). Illuminating the Classroom Environment. School
Planning & Management, 44(2), 34.

Liberman, J. (1990). Light, medicine of the future: how we can use it to heal ourselves
now: Bear & Co

Rice, T (2010). seeing the Difference, The importance of Quality Lighting in the
Workplace. Workplace Issues. Retrieved from http://www.pdf-finder.com/The-
Importance-of-Quality-Lighting-in-the-Workplace.html

Veitch, J. A. (2001). Psychological processes influencing lighting quality. Journal of the

Illuminating Engineering Society, 30(1), 124-140.
 JMJ Marist Brothers 27
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

APPENDIX A
Tables

Table 3.3 - Recommended Room Surface Reflectance

Source: www.doe.gov.ph/

Table Lighting Power Density in every Area/Activity

Source: www.doe.gov.ph/
 JMJ Marist Brothers 28
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

APPENDIX B

LLF= (LLD) (LDD) (BF)

LLD=Lamp Lumen Depreciation.

LDD=Luminaire Dirt Depreciation

Clean Areas (Offices, schools, retail, houses of worship, etc.) = .94
Medium Areas (Warehouses, light manufacturing, etc.) = .90
Dirty Areas (Machine shops, heavy manufacturing, etc.) = .85

BF=Ballast Factor.
All HID ballasts = 1.00
All incandescent products = 1.00
32W T8 fluorescent with standard electronic ballasts = .88
32W T8 fluorescent with high ballast factor ballasts = 1.15 to 1.20
54W T5HO fluorescent with electronic ballasts = 1.00
Compact fluorescent with electronic ballasts = .88 to .98

Not only are you going to see a 35% reduction in energy consumption, youll also see a dramatic
difference in light output. The Standard T12 lamp produces 2,650 initial lumens per lamp. The
standard T8 produces 2,800 initial lumens per lamp, 6% brighter. But the standard T12 lamp
produces 2,300 design lumens and the T8 produces 2,660 design lumens.
 JMJ Marist Brothers 29
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

APPENDIX C

Computing the Lux Levels of Engineering Laboratory in current design

N x Li x Cu x LLF
LLF = LDD x LLD x BF I=
A
LLF = 2300lm x 0.94 x 0.98 I= 6(3000lm) (0.647) (0.7995320755)
2650lm 8.84m x 7.02m
LLF = 0.7995320755
I = 149.94 lux
Computing the Lux Levels of Engineering Laboratory in New Design
L = 29ft MULTIPLYING FACTOR
W = 23.125ft
HCC = 2ft RCR
HRC = 3ft 2 1.05

5(2ft)(29+23.125) CU FINAL
CCR = (29)(23.125) 0.61*1.06 = 0.647

5(2ft)(29 + 23.125)
CCR = 0.777
(29)(23.125)
5(5.125ft)(29+23.125)
RCR = (29)(23.125) = 51825

51825
RCR = 2 N = 2(3150)
5(3ft)(29+23.125)
FCR = (29)(23.125) = 8 fixtures

FCR = 1.17 PCC = 65%

FLOOR REFLECTANCE = 40% PFC = 31%

WALL REFLECTANCE = 30%

CEILING REFLECTANCE = 80%

 JMJ Marist Brothers 30
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Computing the Lux Levels of Hydraulics Laboratory in current design

N x Li x Cu x LLF
LLF = LDD x LLD x BF I=
A
LLF = 2300lm x 0.94 x 0.98 I= 6(3000lm) (0.749) (0.7995320755)
2650lm 9.01m x 7.11m
LLF = 0.7995320755
I = 168.266lux

Computing the Lux Levels of Hydraulics Laboratory in New Design

L = 29.5833ft MULTIPLYING FACTOR

W = 23.3333ft
HCC = 2ft RCR
HRC = 5.75ft 2.2 1.07
HFC = 2.3333FT
CU FINAL
5(2ft)(29.5833+23.3333) 0.7*1.07 = 0.749
CCR = (29.5833)(23.3333)

50(29.5833ft)(23.3333)
CCR = 0.777
(0.749)(1)
5(5.75ft)(29.5833+23.3333)
RCR = (29.5833)(23.3333) = 46079
46079
RC = 2.20 N = 2(3150)
5(2.333ft)(29.5833+23.3333)
FCR = (29.5833)(23.3333) = 7 fixtures

FCR = 0.89 PCC = 63%

FLOOR REFLECTANCE = 30% PFC = 31%

WALL REFLECTANCE = 20%

CEILING REFLECTANCE = 80%

 JMJ Marist Brothers 31
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Researcher Profile

Personal Profile
Name : Tajo, Marckie Roldan R.
Nickname : ronron
Date of Birth : March 7, 1996
Place of Birth : Koronadal City, South Cotabato
Dialectcan speak : Ilonggo,Tagalog, and English
Religion : Roman Catholic
Citizenship : Filipino
Status : Single
Address : Pascual St, Brgy. GPS, Koronadal City, South Cotabato
E-mail address : [email protected]

Educational Attainment

College : Notre Dame of Marbel University

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering

High school : Notre Dame of Marbel University - IBED

Elementary :Notre Dame of Marbel University IBED

Membership to organization

Integrated Institute of Electrical Engineers of the Philippines Inc. (2014-present)

Electrical Engineering Student Association, NDMU Chapter (2014-present)

 JMJ Marist Brothers 32
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Researcher Profile

Personal Profile
Name : Manipon, Keenau Janz R.
Nickname : Janz
Date of Birth : November 10, 1994
Place of Birth : Cotabato City, Cotabato Province
Dialect can speak : Ilonggo,Tagalog, and English
Religion : Roman Catholic
Citizenship : Filipino
Status : Single
Address : Agreville Subdivision ,Koronadal City, South Cotabato
E-mail address : [email protected]

Educational Attainment

College : Notre Dame of Marbel University

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering

High school : Notre Dame of Marbel University - IBED

Elementary :Notre Dame of Marbel University - IBED

Membership to organization

Integrated Institute of Electrical Engineers of the Philippines Inc. (2011-present)

Electrical Engineering Student Association, NDMU Chapter (2011-present)

 JMJ Marist Brothers 33
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Researcher Profile

Personal Profile
Name : Araquil, Dan Kzar Ian R.
Nickname : dandan
Date of Birth : October 12, 1994
Place of Birth : Koronadal City, South Cotabato
Dialect can speak : Ilonggo,Tagalog, and English
Religion : Baptist
Citizenship : Filipino
Status : Single
Address : #20, De Pedro St.,Koronadal City, South Cotabato
E-mail address : [email protected]

Educational Attainment

College : Notre Dame of Marbel University

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering

High school : Notre Dame of Marbel University - IBED

Elementary :Mary Land Learning Center

Membership to organization

Integrated Institute of Electrical Engineers of the Philippines Inc. (2011-present)

Electrical Engineering Student Association, NDMU Chapter (2011-present)

 JMJ Marist Brothers 34
College of Engineering and Technology
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Researcher Profile

Personal Profile
Name : Mara, Honey Lyn G.
Nickname : Hon
Date of Birth : January 23, 1995
Place of Birth : Tantangan, South Cotabato
Dialect can speak : Ilonggo,Tagalog, and English
Religion : Protestant
Citizenship : Filipino
Status : Single
Address : BukayPait, Tantangan, South Cotabato
E-mail address : [email protected]

Educational Attainment

College : Notre Dame of Marbel University

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering

High school : Notre Dame of Marbel University - IBED

Elementary :Notre Dame of Marbel University - IBED

Membership to organization

Integrated Institute of Electrical Engineers of the Philippines Inc. (2012-present)

Electrical Engineering Student Association, NDMU Chapter (2012-present)