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Experiment 1: Introduction To Semiconductors and Semiconductor Theory

This experiment introduces students to basic semiconductor elements and theory. It focuses on familiarizing students with diodes and transistors. Diodes allow current to flow in one direction, while transistors can amplify current. The experiment observes diode packaging, terminal types, and transistor characteristics using circuit blocks. Results show diode and transistor features. The experiment achieves its goal of helping students understand how semiconductors work as switches or amplifiers in circuits.

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Yisak Cabugnason
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© © All Rights Reserved
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118 views

Experiment 1: Introduction To Semiconductors and Semiconductor Theory

This experiment introduces students to basic semiconductor elements and theory. It focuses on familiarizing students with diodes and transistors. Diodes allow current to flow in one direction, while transistors can amplify current. The experiment observes diode packaging, terminal types, and transistor characteristics using circuit blocks. Results show diode and transistor features. The experiment achieves its goal of helping students understand how semiconductors work as switches or amplifiers in circuits.

Uploaded by

Yisak Cabugnason
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment 1: Introduction to Semiconductors and semiconductor theory

Cabugnason, Yisak L

[email protected]

September 25, 2016


Introduction

This experiment is for the familiarization of the different semiconductor elements, its

parts, and its manufacturing. This is essential since this would be the basic and fundamental

knowledge and concepts that is required and would be very useful for the succeeding

experiments. According to etwh.org; semiconductors are generally certain elements (such as

silicon) and chemical compounds (such as lead sulfide) that allow, but still resist the flow of

electricity. Somewhere between good conductors, semiconductors have a unique atomic

structure that allows their conductivity to be controlled by stimulation with electric currents,

electromagnetic fields, or even light. This makes it possible to construct devices from

semiconductors that can amplify, switch, convert, or produce electricity. This shows how

important semiconductors are, and in this experiment, its main objective is to familiarize us and

further understand how these semiconductors work.

Methodology

Since the main objective of this experiment is the familiarization of different

semiconductors, two basic semiconductors are introduced. These are the diodes and the

transistors, although also in many other variations, diodes, according to allaboutcircuits.com, are

electrical device allowing current to move through it in one direction with far greater ease than in

the other. It can also function as a switch which would give current as soon as a certain voltage is

met and is off otherwise. It has two polarized terminals, which are the anode or the positive

terminal, and the cathode which is the negative terminal. A special kind of diode was also

introduced which is a zener diode. This diode allows current to flow in reverse when a certain

voltage is reached.
Transistors were also introduced, which is created using three layers. It is like a diode but with

three pins labeled as base, collector, and emitter, it can be NPN or PNP. This has an emitter

symbol of arrow going outside, or an emitter symbol arrow going inside the junction.

Data and Results

The following data and results from the experiment are given below:

Diode packaging material plastic

Terminal of the diode in the top of circuit block Cathode

Type of transistor used in transistor load lines and gains circuit NPN transistor

block

Kind of diode in the PNP DC bias circuit LED

This data shows the different physical characteristics that were being described in the circuit

block being inspected. There are also questions about different symbols and schematics such as

the transistors base, emitter, and collector and also the diodes cathode and anode terminals.

Discussions of results and conclusion

Diodes, according to many sites such as allaboutcircuits and sparkfun, functions as a

switch, which is on or open when forward biased, and off or closed when reversed biased, which

means it either allows or prevent current for passing. These are the basic functions of

semiconductors, which is necessary for further analysis of different kinds of circuits or even

systems involving semiconductos. This is also true to transistors, which according to quora, is a

passive device that dynamically changes the amount of energy allowed to flow from the source.

This is further supported by the experiment, which turns out that it seems to amplify the current
that flows throughout the base and was then increased when it flows through the load or the LED

passing throught the collector. Which shows current amplification. Further acquiring the

objectives of this experiment, which is to be able to observe and understand how semiconductors

work.

Reference

Category, B. (n.d.). LATEST. Retrieved September 25, 2016, from

http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-3/introduction-to-diodes-and-

rectifiers/

Keyword, B. (n.d.). What is a Zener Diode? Retrieved September 25, 2016, from

http://www.futureelectronics.com/en/diodes/zener.aspx

SparkFun Inventor's Kit - V3.2. (n.d.). Retrieved September 25, 2016, from

https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/diodes

Semiconductors. (n.d.). Retrieved September 25, 2016, from http://ethw.org/Semiconductors\

@. (2014). How Transistors Work - A Simple Explanation. Retrieved September 25, 2016, from

http://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-transistors-work/

How does a transistor amplify a signal, and how is that in ... (n.d.). Retrieved September 25,

2016, from https://www.quora.com/How-does-a-transistor-amplify-a-signal-and-how-is-that-in-

line-with-the-conservation-of-mass-and-energy-principle

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