SUN SOLARIS BASIC COMMAND

Commands Functions
1. ls| ls l To list the files at current location
2. mkdir <name> To create a directory
3. cd <name> | cd .. For logging in to a directory
4. df | df k To view disk free
5. du To view disk usage
6. cat > <file> Catenation to create a file
7. pwd To view current location
8. rm <file>|rmdir |rm-r To remove file and directory
9. cp <file> <new name> To copy a file
10. mv <file> <path> To move a file and to rename
11. touch <file> To create a file
12. chmod < 777 > <file> To set permission|rwxrwxrwx =777|owner
chmod u+w,g-r,o+w <file> group & other| i.e : r=4 w=2 x=1 by total 7
13. clear To clear the screen
14. man <command> To view manual
15. bc Binary count
16. cal To view calculator
17. banner <content> To view banner
18. date To view date
19. find / -name <file> To find a specific file
20. grep <word> <file> To grep a word from a file
21. getent <admin file> <value> To search using specific entry in admin file
22. wc <file> To view word count
23. sort <file> To sort the content of a file
24. head -<100> <file> To list only the first <100> lines
25. tail -<100> <file> To list only the last <100> lines
26. ln <exist file> <new file> hard link both file points the i-node
number, link count increases
27. ln s for soft link If source is lost entire content is lost, L will
be at the front of filename
28. useradd m d <home dir> To create a user account|uuser id, gpri.
<user name>| -u g G group, Gsec. group, mmk dir, dpath
29. passwd <user name> To set password for an user
30. usermod |userdel <user> To modify and to delete a user account
31. groupadd g <gid> <group> To create a new group |-o to reallocated gid
Commands Functions
32. /usr/sadm/bin/smuser To create a SM-User

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 add -- -n <user name> -u <uid>
-g <gid> -d <home dir> -s
/bin/ksh
33. /usr/sadm/bin/smuser To modify a present user
modify -- -n <old user> -N
<new user> -d <home dir> -s
/bin/ksh
34. /usr/sadm/bin/smuser To delete a present user
delete -- -n <user name>
35. smgroup|same as above 3 To create, modify and to delete a smgroup
36. smc& To invoke the SMC tool in GUI mode
37. umask <value 022> This value will make effect on permission
i.e /etc/profile|attains default -- restarted
38. vi <file> To open a file through VI-Editor
39. prtconf To view system configmemory, peripheral
40. prstat a To view the system process status
41. psrinfo v To view information about the processor
42. iostat -En |-xtc 5 To view the i/o device status
43. sdtprocess To view the current system process status
44. sar <sec_1> <report_10> To view the system activity in average
45. kill <process id> To kill a process which is listed in prstat
46. format To make slices in an hard disk
47. devfsadm -v To identify the hardware changes
48. devfsadm -C To invoke cleanup | then only v fn works
49. newfs /dev/rdsk/c#t#d#s# To make a new file system on the disk
50. mount /dev/dsk/c#t#d#s# To mount the new disk for use
/<mount point>
51. dmesg To view the diagnostic messages
52. eeprom To view the environment messages
53. uname m | -a To view the m/c name, version, archi. etc.,
54. /usr/platform/uname-m/ To view the entire system status includes
sbin/prtdiag v memory, cpu, patches, os-version, etc.,
55. pkgadd d <path> <pkg To install a package | if s spool is used in
name> | -s spool btwonly copies the pkg to spool directory
56. pkgchk <pkg name> To check for error in a particular package
57. pkginfo <pkg name> To get info about package in local machine
58. pkgrm <pkg name> To remove a package from local machine
59. pkginfo |wc l To check for number of packages installed
60. fstyp v /dev/rdsk/ctd#s# To check for the current minfree value
61. tunefs m # To set minfree value i.e #% with that of root
/dev/rdsk/ctds
62. fsck o f,p /dev/rdsk/ctds# To run file system check |-o f,p for yes to all
Commands Functions

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63. fsck o b=# /dev/rdsk/ctds To restore backup sup. Block|#-sup. block
64. quot |-af root To view summarized FS ownership
65. mountall To mount all FS which have entry at vfstab
66. mountall l To mount only the local FS listed in vfstab
67. umount <mt pt> |/dev/dsk To unmount the mounted file system 1 by 1
68. umount -f ---do--- To unmount forcibely| may affect data
69. umountall To unmount all mounted FS inclused N/W
70. umountall l To unmount all locally mounted FS
71. fuser <mount pt> | -c or cu To view any process is accessing the FS
72. fuser ck <mt pt> To kill all process which access the FS
73. volcheck To check whether the floppy is ready or not
74. /etc/init.d/volmgt start To start the volume mgt | to stop, give stop
75. mount F hsfs o r0 To mount a cdrom manually
/dev/dsk/ct#d#s# /cdrom
76. mount F pcfs To mount a floppy drive manually
/dev/diskette/pcfs
77. tar xvf <file.tar> To uncompress a tar file
78. patchadd <patch> | -d To install a patch |d is for no rollback
79. patchrm <patch> To uninstall and rollbacks the patch
80. init 0 To OK prompt
81. init 1 To single user mode
82. init 2 To multi user without network
83. init 3 To console super user|multiuser with nfs
84. init 5 To shutdown the server
85. init 6 To restart the server
86. init s To single user mode
87. shutdown y g <#> -i <run To shutdown the system |-y for interactive
level number> <Message> mode| # - grace time in seconds
88. halt To switch over to OK prompt suddenly
89. poweroff | Reboot Alternate command to switch-off & restart
90. who r To view the current run level
91. who | -a To view all logged-in users in the local sys
92. who m To view the current user name alone
93. whoami | who I am To view effective user | To view actual user
94. rusers l To identify all users logged in through n/w
95. finger |-m <username> To view the activity of the users
96. last | <username> To view full details for all users |record
97. last -n 5 reboot To view only the last five reboot activity
98. chown root : sys To activate loginlog entry i.e. to note the
/var/adm/loginlog failure login |you must create the directory
99. su <username>|su -<usern> To switch into another user |home dir acti
Basic Commands Functions
100. chown <user> filename To change the ownership of a file|-R for dir

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101. chmod 1777 <dir name> Sticky bit permission|user can access dir
102. chmod 4555 <exe file name> Users exe this file will get root privilege
103. chmod 2555 <exe file name> Group exe this file will get root privilege
104. lpadmin d <prt name> To config a printer manually |-x to remove
105. lpstat d To view the systems default printer
106. lp <file name> To give an print request
107. reject <prt name> To stop the queuing printer request
108. disable <prt name> To stop the printer
109. enable <prt name> To activate the printer
110. accept <prt name> To start the queuing printer request
111. /usr/lib/lpsched | lpshut To start the LP printer service | To stop
(or) /etc/init.d/lp start | stop the LP printer service
112. lp d <prtname> <filename> To divert your printing job to a new printer
113. lpstat a <prt name> To view the status of the printer
114. lpmove <fault prt> <nw prt> To divert one prt job to another printer
115. at <hh:mm> |at> job |ctrl d To assign job at AT schedule| ctrl d to close
116. crontab e |-r to remove job To assign a job in crontab it opens a editor
117. at -l & crontab l To view the AT and crontab content
118. ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/0n To perform backup | 0-full backup, u-
/dev/dsk/c#t#d#s# update{/etc/dump dates}, 0-drive or disk
number i.e for incremental, n-no rewind
119. ufsrestore rvf /dev/rmt/0 To restore the backup
120. ufsrestore i /dev/rmt/0 To view the list of files present in the tape
121. mt status |rewind |offline To view the status| To rewind | To eject
122. mt fsf count To move the tape forward count records
123. fssnap F ufs o To perform a snapshot backup which
bs=/var/tmp /export/home usually stores at /dev/fssnap/0
124. fssnap -i To display a list of snapshot ct avail in sys.
125. prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/ct0ds2 To store the structure of the given hard disk
> /<file> to an file through prtvtoc
126. fmthard s /<file> To copy the structure from /<file> and to
/dev/rdsk/ct1ds2 make available on the destiny hard disk

Vi Editor Commands Purpose

1. vi <file name> To open vi editor for a specific file
2. Esc h To move the cursor left - command mode
3. Esc l To move the cursor right - command mode

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4. Esc j To move the cursor down - command mode
5. Esc k To move the cursor up - command mode
6. Esc i To Enter into Insertion mode
7. Esc x | 4x To delete a character | deletes 4 character
8. Esc X | 4X To delete left i.e. Back-Space
9. Esc R To over-write a character
10. Esc o To insert a line below the cursor
11. Esc O To insert a line above the cursor
12. Esc u Undo
13. Esc G To move to the last line first character
14. Esc w To move word by word right
15. Esc b To move word by word left
16. Esc H To move to the first line of the current page
17. Esc M To move to the middle of the current page
18. Esc L To move to the last line of current page
19. Esc I To move to the beginning of the line & append
20. Esc A To move to the end of the line & append
21. Esc dw To delete a word to the right
22. Esc dd To delete the current line completely
23. Esc yy To copy the current line yanking
24. Esc p To paste the copied content
25. Esc yw To copy a word cursor must be at the starting
26. Esc J To join two separate line
27. Esc ~ To change the case i.e. upper to lower & V-via
28. Esc : wq To save & quit a file EX-command mode
29. Esc : wq! To save & quit a file forcibly
30. Esc : !sh To go to shell temp. & type Exit to come back
31. Esc : r! <command> To add the output into the file
32. Esc : r <file name> To add the content of <file> into the current file
33. Esc : q To quit the file without saving
34. Esc : q! To quit the file without saving forcibly
35. Esc : w To save the file and continue working
36. Esc ZZ To save & quit the file
37. Esc : set nu To assign the number for the lines
38. Esc : set nonu To remove the assigned number for the lines
39. ctrl f Page down
40. ctrl b Page Up

OK Prompt Commands Function

1. stop a To get into OK prompt
2. stop d For extensive post diagnostics
3. stop n To set default parameter |press until kbd led flashes
4. boot cdrom To boot from cdrom

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5. boot cdrom -s To boot and get into single user mode using cdrom
6. boot -r To reconfigure |config result will be at /reconfigure
7. boot To boot through the default configuration
8. boot disk To boot via specified disk|devalias - entry must exist
9. boot -s To get into the single user mode
10. boot a For interactive booting
11. boot -v Detailed device information to the console
12. help To get command details at OK prompt
13. printenv To print the environment detail
14. setenv <prm> <val> To set environment for a specific parameter
15. reset-all To save the changes and followed by reboot
16. set-defaults To set the values to the manufacturers setting
17. set-defaults <param> To set the value for a specific parameter alone
18. probe-scsi | -ide To check for internal scsi/ide status
19. probe-scsi-all |-ide-all To check for internal & external scsi/ide status
20. probe-fcall-all To check for fiber optics status
21. devalias To view the alias name & to which its mapped
22. nvalias <alias> <add> To add the alias and its physical address to the list
23. nvunalias <alias> To remove an alias from the current list
24. show-disks To see the physical add of all drives i.e. sec storage
25. .version To view the version, Ethernet address details etc.,
26. .speed To view cpu speed, bus speed, etc.,
27. .enet-addr To view only the Ethernet address
28. showdevs To view all the devices i.e. secondary storage only
29. banner To view the ip, mac add, subnet mask etc
30. watch-net To view the status of NIC card
31. watch-net-all To view the status of NIC and network cable

Abbreviation Expansion Purpose

1. hme Network Interface Card
2. qfe Quad Fast Ethernet
3. c0t0d0s0 Controller Target Disk Slice
4. sparc Scalable Process Architecture
5. UFS Unix File System for disk mgt
6. HSFS | under ufs High Sierra FS for SCSI cdroms
7. PCFS | under ufs PC-DOS Formatted FS for floopys
Abbreviation Expansion Purpose
8. NFS | under Distributed FS Network File System for network
9. TmpFS | under Pseudo FS Temp. FS for avoid Overhead writing
10. SwapFS | under Pseudo FS Swap FS for Kernel use
11. FDFS | under Pseudo FS File Descriptor FS for explicit names
12. Explicit Name Its the representative of Directorys

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13. ProcFS | under Pseudo FS Process FS for currently running proc.
14. MntFS | under Pseudo FS Mount FS for locally mounted FS

Important Locations Purpose / Usage

/etc/profile umask value | profile during login
/etc/path_to_inst Physical address mapping - for kernel
/usr/bin/dmesg Diagnostic message will be here
/usr/sbin/dmesg dmesg shows the content of this files
/etc/default/kbd Put # before keyboard_abort=disable |
kbd I To initialization above this is for preventing stop A in console
file
/var/sadm/install/contents Contains details about installed packages
/var/spool/pkg Default location for adding a package
/var/sadm/pkg It has the currently installed package
/etc/vfstab Manual Entry Entries for mounting FS during booting
/etc/mnttab Auto Entry Entries for currently mounted FS
/var/sadm/patch It has the currently installed patches
/usr/bin Mostly all commands will be here
/var/adm/utmpx Who command reads this location alone
/var/adm/wtmpx last -n command reads this location | in
case root is full then clear this file.
/var/adm/loginlog create it To view the failed login attempts
/etc/default/su To view the switching attempts|For this
remove # in console= /dev/console and
put # in more /var/adm/sulog
/etc/default/login edit this file If #console=/dev/console remote root
for root logging restrictions | login is allowed, if no # only through
If PASSREQ=no then null single machine, if console=<blankspace>
password for root then root cant be logged anywhere
/etc/ftpd/ftpusers Users listed here are not allowed for ftp
/var/spool/lp It holds the request and the print queue
/var/lp/logs It holds the history of the printer jobs
/etc/lp It has the LP server configuration
/etc/hosts manual entry contains IP and hostnames of sys. in n/w
/etc/cron.d/at.deny|cron.allow To restrict users from using AT & Cron

Hints Purpose
Host Bus Adopter All harddisk will have a common HBA
Max 7 Slices Only 7 slices are possible in a hard disk
Slice S2 Back Up Points entire disk cant be changed or used
SUNWCxall Entire Distribution with OEM support 64 bit
SUNWCall Entire Distri 64 bit no 3rd party support
SUNWCprog Developer Sys Supp only manuals &network

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 SUNWCuser End User Sys Supp limited network support
SUNWCreg Core Sys Support no network
Web Installation 1st Installation CD then 1 of 2 CD & 2 of 2 CD
JumpStart Installation Installing the OS through network
Vi Editor 3 Modes Command, Insert and Ex-Command Mode
OE file system Disk based(ufs), Distributed(nfs) & Pseudo(swap)
File Types 4 types Regular, directories, symbolic link & device files
Device naming Logical, physical(actual) & instance(kernal) name
Sd n | dad n For scsi | ide n-number instance name
NV Ram EEPROM Removable chip, inbuilt Lithium battery, host id
# before any line in a file This makes that particular line or process inactive
what happens during the Post, generic devi ce drivers, loads config done
Booting of Sun System by admin, other default parameter, then OS files
Backup Superblock It resides at several areas of disk| for restoration
Cylinder group size Default size is 16 cylinders per group
Boot block active for / Boot strap program resides here 15 disk sector
Pointer types Direct Pointer and Indirect Pointer
Minfree Value Its the space utilized by the operating sys in root
Preen During sys boot fsck runs at Non Intractive mode
Vol Mgr -/etc/vold.conf Automatically mounts the cdrom and floopy
105050-01 patch name 105050 is base code & 01 is the revision number
sys wide & user environ While user logs this files get executed by shell
restoresymtable This is a image file of tape formed in hard disk
/etc/hosts It is an link to /etc/inet/hosts
/opt Common location for utilities and 3rd party tools
RSC Remote System Console |consist of serial, n/w
mgt port and modem
LOM Light Out Management | consists of only serial
port and not a part of OS.
ALOM Advanced LOM | Consists of serial port and a
part of OS and also an n/w mgt port.
SCC System Controller Card | nvram data are stored
here its an removable card respble for booting
KVM switch Keyboard Video Mouse switch |common unit
Part Number Identity Number 300-4250 |product-exact no/.

Shell Sys-wide Primary user User Shell path

initialization initialization files initialization files name
files read at login read when a new
shell is started
Bourne /etc/profile $home/.profile /bin/sh
Korn /etc/profile $home/.profile $home/.kshrc /bin/ksh
$home/.kshrc

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C /etc/.login $home/.profile $home/.cshrc /bin/csh
$home/.cshrc

Default user Initialization file :

Shell Initialization file templates User initialization files
Bourne /etc/skel/local.profile $home/.profile
Korn /etc/skel/local.profile $home/.profile
C /etc/skel/local.cshrc $home/.cshrc
/etc/skel/local.login $home/.login

Steps involved in Restoring Root from Tape :

ok boot cdrom s
$ newfs /dev/rdsk/ c0t0d0s0
$ mount /dev/dsk/ c0t0d0s0 /a
$ cd /a
$ ufsrestore rf /dev/rmt/0
$ cd /usr/platform/uname-m/lib/fs/ufs
$ installboot bootblk /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
$ umount /a
$ fsck /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0

usr/bin for all users

usr/sbin only for root

SUN SOLARIS
SA-II

Commands Functions
1. sys-unconfig sys restarts To get into the network config. section
2. ifconfig a To view ip, mac add, subnet mask,etc status
3. ifconfig hme0 <ip#> netmask To assign IP address, netmask and as well
<netmask#> up as to make the network up
4. ifconfig hme0 up | down To enable network interface | disable

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5. snoop <source ip> <dest. ip> To capture and inspect the network pkgs
6. rpcinfo p | <hostname> To list the registered RPC services
7. rpcinfo d <prog no> version To delete a RPC service registration
| pkill-HUP inetd | To reactivate your service again
8. etc/init.d/init.wbem status To view the status of the SMC service |To
| start | stop start service | To stop service
9. smc To open SMC
10. smc edit To open SMC toolbox editor
11. pagesize | default is 8192 b To view the size of memory page
/var/sadm/smc/toolboxes/smc/ Default location for SMC toolbar
smc.tbx &
/var/sadm/smc/toolboxes/ smc edit command will make effect on this
this_computer/this_computer.tbx two files

Introduction To IP - Version IV
/etc/rcS.d/S30network.sh solaris 8|/etc/rcS.d/S30rootusr.sh sol 7 & below
During booting of sys these files get exe. This uses ifconfig utility & searches
etc/hostname.xxn to identify instance |xx hme/nic

/etc/inet/hosts this can be used instead of DNS, NIS, NIS+. It contains ip,
hostname, nickname, comments.

Starting server processes : To start and stop any event at starting

During the booting of system, the inetd daemon starts few services [ like NIS,
TCP-IP, DNS, etc. ] which are not automatically start at boot time. We can view
the list of services that were started by inetd are at /etc/rc2.d/S72inetsvc. Apart
from this file the inetd consults the /etc/inetd.conf to find the service to activate.
In order to stop any event init just put # before the service in the
/etc/rc2.d/S72inetsvc and then execute pkill-HUP inetd command for instant
effect.

Six important files responsible for the network

Files Pattern of Entry (or) content in the file
/etc/nodename Hostname of the server eg: bomexport
/etc/hostname.xxn Hostname of the service or server
/etc/inet/hosts All IP address and hostname of other servers
/etc/net/ticlts/hosts Hostname of the server twice transport layer independent
/etc/net/ticots/hosts Hostname of the server twice transport layer independent
/etc/net/ticotsord/hosts Hostname of the server twice transport layer independent
Either edit these files or else give sys-unconfig in order to configure the network

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 SWAP Expansion
#swap s to display the virtual swap area
#swap l to display the physical swap area
Adding swap space by slice:
create a slice of required size in hard-disk
add the entry for that slice in /etc/vfstab for an permanent effect
swap a /dev/dsk/c#t#d#S# | to activate the swap space
Adding swap space by file:
#mkfile <size#> <mount point>
#swap a /<path of above file> | to activate the swap file
#also add an entry in the /etc/vfstab for an permanent effect
e.g: export/swapfile -- -- swap -- no --
Removing a swap space:
#swap d <path of swap area> this is to de-activate the swap area
remove the entry from the /etc/vfstab
delete the slice or file to free the utilized space

Crash Dump :
#dumpadm its to activate the crash dump device for the fore-coming fault
Procedure to read the crash message:
cd /var/crash/uname-n/ log-into this location
mdb unix.# vmcore.# | mdb or adb
when you execute above command the prompt will change as below
> |when prompt is as shown when there is no prompt type $p>
> ::status then you will get the prompt as >
> $c
> $q |to quit the prompt

NFS - Network File System

Allows the multiple computers to use the same file, to reduce storage cost,
provide data consistency & reliability.
NFS daemon starts only when the system enters the run level 3

Command Operation
1. /etc/init.d/nfs.server start |stop To start & stop
the NFS service
manually
2. share F nfs o <ro/rw> <path> To share a file
for NFS service

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3. mount F nfs <hostname>: <path> <mount point> To mount the
shared file
4. unshare F nfs <path> To unshared a
file from NFS
service
5. shareall -F nfs To share all
resources listed
in
/etc/dfs/dfstab
6. unshareall F nfs To un-share all
resources listed
as above
7. dfshares F nfs <host> To display the
currently
shared NFS
8. dfmounts -F nfs <host> To display the
NFS mounted
resources
9. mountall -r -F nfs To mount all
remote file
resources
10. umountall -r -F nfs To un-mount all
remote file
resources

NFS server files : Purpose :

/etc/dfs/dfstab Local resources that as to share at boot time
/etc/dfs/sharetab Currently shared local resources auto entry
/etc/dfs/fstypes Default file-system for remote file system
/etc/rmtab FS that remotely mounted by NFS auto entry
/etc/dfs/nfslog.conf NFS logging configuration file
/etc/default/nfslogd Configuration files for the nfslogd daemon

Syslog functions - configuring system messaging

The syslogd daemon and the input from /etc/syslog.conf files work
together to facilitate the syslog messaging for the OE
It can write message to the system log , centralized log host , messaging a
user or at the system console.
For this put the entry in /etc/syslog.conf file. The entries are the type of
error [ i.e. user.err ] and the action field [ i.e. /filename the target file, @host
for specific host, user for specific user, * for all logged in users ]

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Daemons involved: /etc/rc2.d/S74 syslog
# /etc/init.d/syslog start | stop this is to start and stop the daemon.

Auto FS
It provides an automatic mounting using NFS protocol
Its an client side service
Components of auto-mount facility:
Auto FS file system, Auto-mountd daemon, Auto-mount command
Auto FS file system mount-point is defined in the auto-mount maps on the
client system.
Configuring Master Map:
For all types of auto sharing methods the entry must be here. Hence this
remains the base entry for all sharing methods.
Edit /etc/auto_master
----------------------entries-------------------
+auto_master # + indicates that consider automountd daemon
/home auto_home -browse, (or) -nobrowse
<mount point> <map name> <mount options>
#- browse allow the users to view the mount-point
--------------------------------------------------
#automount reactivate the above file again
Then the shared resources get mounted below the /home/<auto_home file
mount point>
Direct map entries:
This map is only for general directorys, and common sharing files (eg:
softwares). In case 1 server is down then it can be get from other.
Edit /etc/auto_direct
----------------------entries-------------------
/usr/share/man -ro, soft ser1, ser2, ser3:/usr/share/man
<local mnt pt> <permission> <hostname>:<path>
#/- auto_direct -ro this entry in auto_master
--------------------------------------------------
#automount reactivate the above file again
Indirect Map Entries:
This mapping is for user home directories and for their files.
Edit /etc/auto_home
----------------------entries-------------------
magi server_primary:/export/home/babu
<local mnt pt> <hostname>:<home dir path>
#/home auto_home -nobrowse this entry in auto_master
--------------------------------------------------
procedure:
Create the account for the user in both the servers with same UID & GID
Put the entry for auto_home as shown above for a desired user e.g. babu

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 # passwd h babu | in secondary server
(/export/home/babu)? /home/magi | change the home dir as desired
# cd /home/magi |in sec server to enter into the pri servers home dir.
After all this files are edited just type #automount -t <time#> -v this is to
activate the desired mountpoint. If time is mentioned in t then upto that time
the FS remains mounted when its not in use.

RBAC - Role Based Access Control

This is to assign a specific role for a specific user. For these process four
files comes into picture. They are
/etc/user_attr /etc/security/prof_attr
/etc/security/exec_attr /etc/security/auth_attr
Example: assign a role of shut down , for a specific user
#roleadd u 500 g 10 m d /export/home/role_shut role_shut
create a role named roleshut
vi /etc/security/prof_attr
profile_shut ::: able to shutdown the system_comment: |creating profile
# rolemod -P profile_shut , all role_shut |adding profile to the role
verify that the role is included in the etc/user_attr
#useradd -u 200 -g 10 m d /export/home/user_shut R role_shut
user_shut | this is to create a user and assigning the desired role
#passwd user_shut
#grep user_shut /etc/user_attr | to check the role attribute for the user
#vi /etc/security/exec_attr
profile_shut : suser : cmd : : : /usr/sbin/shutdown : uid=0 |bold area is the
location of the shutdown command this must be searched manually and
entered here. | This is to assign the shutdown command to the profile.
This is how to assign a role for a specific user .
How the user shutdown the system using this role:
first login as the user
$profiles | this is to list the various RBAC profiles that he associated
$role | this is to list the various roles that he associated
$su role_shut
$/usr/sbin/shutdown i 5 g 0 |now the system will go down

Name Server :
Name service switching files location
Local files /etc/nsswitch.files
DNS /etc/nsswitch.dns
NIS /etc/nsswitch.nis
NIS+ /etc/nsswitch.nisplus
LDAP /etc/nsswitch.ldap

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 NIS
The NIS maps are located at /var/yp/domainname/<host>.byname.pag |& .dir
Similarly /var/yp/domainname/<host>.byaddr.pag |& .dir
Daemons used: ypserv, ypbind, rpc.yppasswdd, ypxfrd, rpc.updated
All five are utilized by server and only first two by clients
Through NIS service a centralized user-account can be provided.
Configuring a machine as the NIS master server :
#cp /etc/nsswitch.nis / etc/nsswitch.conf
#domainname accel.com
#touch /etc/defaultdomain
#domainname > /etc/defaultdomain
#cd /etc
#touch ethers bootparams locale timezone netgroup netmasks
#ypinit -m To initialize the master server
#/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypstart To start the NIS daemons
Configuring a machine as the NIS client :
The steps were same as above but instead of ypinit m give ypinit c to start
client service and also put the server IP entry in the /etc/hosts.

DNS & LDAP

DNS and LDAP configuration were similar to NIS only service activation
command and configuration files vary.
#ldapclient for ldap client activation |#ldapclient uninit un-configure ldap.

ACL - Access Control List

It provides greater data access control for each file. Permission for a specific user
is also possible using ACL.
Syntax: setfacl {entry type : UID or GID : permission }
owner [u] user name R,W,X
group [g] group name
other [o] uid/gid
Command Usage
1. getfacl < file name > To see the present FACL entry
2. setfacl s <new entry> <existing file> To set a permission for existing file |
setfacl s u::rwx,g::rw-,o::r--,m:7 file1 m to set mask value
3. getfacl file1 | setfacl f file2 Copies file permission from f1-f2
4. setfacl d u:root:7 file1 To delete an entry from a file
5. setfacl m u:root:7 file1 Adding one by one entry in a file
6. setfacl -r -m u:user:7 file1 rewrites mask in accordance to user

Root Mirroring
create a slice of 50mb for state database ||let it be slice 7 i.e. s7

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 #prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2 | fmthard s - /dev/rdsk/c#t#d0s2
#metadb -afc3 c0t0d0s7 c0t#d0s7 c#t#d0s7 || To create 3 replicas in
each state db | 3 hard-disk because (n/2)+1 replicas
#metadb -i ||To check for status
#metainit -f d10 1 1 c0t0d0s0 ||To create primary sub-mirror
#metastat
#metainit -f d20 1 1 c0t#d0s0 ||To create secondary sub-mirror
#metainit d50 -m d10 || mapping to main mirror
#metaroot d50 ||To put an auto entry in vfs tab
reboot the system now # init 6
#metattach d50 d20 ||resynchronization starts now
Replacing the defective disk in case of failure :
# metareplace <defective disk c#t#d#s#> <newly attached disk c#t#d#s#>
Breaking the Mirror :
#metadetach d50 d20 ||breaking secondary sub-mirror
#metaroot /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 ||role-back the vfs entry
#init 6
#metaclear -r d50 ||removing main mirror
#metaclear d20 ||removing secondary mirror
#metadb -d -f c0t0d0s7 c0t#d0s7 c#t#d0s7 ||removing the replicas

Hot Spare with Mirror Meta Device :

Its not applicable for mounted file system i.e. for root. Consider c1 and c2
are the two disks for this c3 be the hot spare let it be the scenario. In this if c1 &
c2 are in mirror if any one goes down then c3 will come into picture.
create a slice of 50mb for state database ||let it be slice 7 i.e. s7
#metadb -afc3 c1t0d0s7 c2t0d0s7 c3t0d0s7 || To create 3 replicas
#metahs -hsp001 c3t0d0s1 ||To create the hot spare
#metainit d13 1 1 c1t0d0s1 ||To create primary sub-mirror
#metainit d23 1 1 c2t0d0s1 ||To create secondary sub-mirror
#metaparam -h hsp001 d13 ||Assigning hot spare to sub-mirror
#metaparam -h hsp001 d23 ||Assigning hot spare to sub-mirror
#metainit d150 -m d13 ||Mapping to main mirror
#metattach d150 d23 ||To synchronize the sub mirrors
#newfs /dev/md/rdsk/d150 ||Making new file system
#mkdir /mirror ||Create a directory for mounting
#mount /dev/md/rdsk/d150 /mirror ||mount the partition
Let us consider c2 goes down in above scenario so hot spare (c3) will be there in
the role or c2 then replace the disk c2 by new one and follow the procedure
#metareplace -e d150 c2t0d0s1 ||To switch back hard-disk from c3 to c2
#metahs -e c3t0d0s4 || To re-enable the hot-spare c3 once again

RAID 5 With Hot Spare :

Let c1, c2 & c3 be the 3 disk in which s1 of all disk are under raid-5. The s3 of disk

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c2 & c3 be the hot-spare which acts during the failure of s1. Let it be the scenario.
create a slice of 50mb for state database ||let it be slice 7 i.e. s7
#metadb -afc2 c1t0d0s7 c2t0d0s7 c3t0d0s7 || To create 2 replicas
#metahs -a -hsp009 c2t0d0s3 c3t0d0s3 ||To create the hot spare
#metainit d101 -r c1t0d0s1 c2t0d0s1 c3t0d0s1
#metaparam -h hsp009 d101
#newfs /dev/md/dsk/d101 ||Making new file system
#mkdir /raid5dir ||Create a directory for mounting
#mount /dev/md/rdsk/d101 /raid5dir ||mount the partition
In case if any disk fails & hot-spare comes into picture then replace the disk, then
#metareplace -e d <the disk that has replaced c#t#d#s#>
#metahs -e <hot spare disk that has to be reactivated c#t#d#s#>

Disk Set -- adding Soft Slices :

Maximum of 128 soft slices can be created in a disk set. To change the default
number of soft slice edit md.conf & then change the value to nmd=128

Steps Involved in creating a soft slice :

metaset -s <share name> -a c#t1d# c#t3d#| adding share name for storage
metaset -s <share name> -a -h <node name>|assigning system to storage
metaset -s <share name> <replica_d500> 1 1 /dev/dsk/ c#t1d#s#|replica
metaset -s <share name> <replica_d501> 1 1 /dev/dsk/ c#t3d#s#|replica
newfs /dev/md/<share name>/rdsk/<d500> | similarly for d501
metainit -s <share name> <soft_slice_d555> -p <d500> <size_gb>| only
this command is for the soft slice rest is only to create a disk-set.
Steps Involved in creating a Disk-Set :
Repeat the above steps one by one the only changes are add the another servers
node name also at the end of second command. If soft slice required then provide
the last command or else leave it.
When the control of diskset is need by the other node server the type this system
from the system which is requesting for service,
# metaset -s <share name> -r |this is for request
# metaset -s <share name> -t |this is when the another node is down
# metaset -s <share name> -t -f |takes the control forcibly this can be given
when the next system is up but after this the main node will go to a panic state

Jump Start Installation :

1. Configure the NIS master sever first
#cp /etc/nsswitch.nis / etc/nsswitch.conf
#domainname accel.com

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 #touch /etc/defaultdomain
#domainname > /etc/defaultdomain
#cd /etc
#touch ethers bootparams locale timezone netgroup netmasks
#ypinit -m To initialize the master server
#/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypstart To start the NIS daemons

2. Edit /etc/ethers and add the following entries

#vi /etc/ethers
--------------------entry---------------------
< MAC add of destination sys_8:0:20:95:f0:d0:> <server host name>
-------------------------------------------------
3. Edit /etc/hosts and add the following entries
#vi /etc/hosts
--------------------entry---------------------
200.100.50.1 accel.com loghost timehost
200.100.50.2 <host name>
200.100.50.3 <host name>
-------------------------------------------------
4. Edit /etc/netmasks and add the following entries
#vi /etc/netmasks
--------------------entry---------------------
200.100.50.0 255.255.255.0
-------------------------------------------------
5. Edit /etc/timezone and add the following entries
#vi /etc/timezone
--------------------entry---------------------
US/mountain accel.com
-------------------------------------------------
6. Edit /etc/locale and add the following entries
#vi /etc/locale
--------------------entry---------------------
accel.com en-us
-------------------------------------------------
7. Update the NIS maps
#cd /var/yp
#usr/ccs/bin/make

8. #mkdir /jump ||create a directory to copy jump start files size 2gb

9. Insert Solaris CD - 1/2

#cd /cdrom/cdrom0/s0/Solaris_8/Tools
#./setup_install_server /jump

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10. Insert Solaris CD - 2/2
#cd /cdrom/cdrom0/Solaris_8/Tools
#./setup_install_server /jump

11. Copy the sample jumpstart scripts from Solaris CD 1/2 to /jump
#cd /cdrom/cdrom0/s0/Solaris_8/Misc/jumpstart_sample
#cp -r * /jump

12. Create system identification details

#cd /jump
#mkdir sysidcfg-dir
#cd sysidcfg-dir
#mkdir <hostname of system to which we have to run jump start>
#cd <hostname of system to which we have to run jump start>
#vi sysidcfg
-------------------------entries-----------------------------
system_locale=en_US
timezone=US/Central
terminal=xterms
name_service=NONE
timeservice=<servers IP 200.100.50.1>
security_policy=NONE
network_interface=hme0
{hostname=<host name of destination> ip_address=<destini IP>
netmask=<destini mask> protocol_ipv6=no}
-----------------------------------------------------------
13. Create the profile file
# cd /jump
# vi .profile
--------------------------entry----------------------------
install_type initial_install
system_type server
partitioning explicit
filesys c0t0d0s0 3000 /
filesys c0t0d0s1 750 swap
(note: you can create other slices if required)
geo N_America
cluster SUNWCall (entire distribution)
(optional: you can add additional packages if required using the
command: package <packagename> add
-----------------------------------------------------------
14. Add the entry in rules file
# cd /jump
# vi rules

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 -------------------------entry-----------------------------
any - - .profile
-----------------------------------------------------------
15. Validate the rules.ok file
# ./check

16. Add the client

# cd /jump/Solaris_8/Tools
# ./add_install_client c <destination server hostname>:/jump p
<destination server hostname>:/jump/sysidcfg-dir/e450 e450 sun4u

17. Edit the /etc/dfs/dfstab file

# vi /etc/dfs/dfstab
-------------------------entry-----------------------------
share F nfs o ro,anon=0 /jump
-----------------------------------------------------------
18. Update the NIS maps once again
# cd /var/yp
# /usr/ccs/bin/make

19. To start the jumpstart installation

Go to destination server and from there you just give the following
command form OK: prompt

Ok : boot net install

Remote Access :
Put a + or user name in the .rhost file at home directory or else in /etc
location so that users from other system can login to the local system remotely.
Command Function
rcp <host name>:<path> <destiny> Remote copy
rlogin Remote login lllar to telnet
rsh <host name> mt staus To utilize the other system h/w |tape

Hints Purpose
Well-known ports Ranges upto 1024 located at /etc/inet/services
Dynamic ports From 1025 to 65535 at /etc/inet/services

Veritas Volume Manager :

Installation :
Insert Veritas cd & goto the package location and give pkgadd d . ,after
adding the package just give #vxinstall this is to start installation of the veritas.
Then it will ask few question give appropriate answer for it. At any-cost dont do
the encapsulation this process is to add the root hard disk under veritas.

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Daemons Used : vxconfigd , vxiod i/o operation, vxrelocd hot relocation
Disk Group : Collection of physical disk which were under veritas
Volume (V) : Collection of disk is said to be as a volume.
Plux (Pl) : Volumes were subdivided into pluxes. Maximum 32 plux in a
volume & at least 1 plux per volume.
Subdisk (Sd) : Each and ever Plux is subdivided into a subdisk. All subdisk
within a volume must fall under a same Disk Group.

Commands Functions
Vxprint To view the status of VxVM
Vxdiskadm To view the Vx menu |press q - quit
vxassist make <con1> <size> To create concatenation | con1 is the
newfs /dev/vx/rdsk/<con1> name of concate | mount & use it
vxvol stop <con1> To remove the concatenation |-rf rm
vxedit -rf rm <con1> remove forcibely, remove volume.
vxassist make <str1> <size> To create stripe of desired size | run
layout=stripe newfs and mount the device
vxvol stop <str1> To remove the stripe |-rf rm remove
vxedit -rf rm <str1> forcibely, remove volume.
vxassist mirror rootvol To create root mirror|dont run newfs
vxassist mirror swapvol |run encapsulation here - vxdiskadm
vxplex -o rm dis <rootvol-02> To break the root mirror | dont give
vxplex -o rm dis <swapvol-02> <rootvol-01> at any-cost it will crash
/etc/vx/bin/vxunroot the system
vxassist make <mirror> <size> To create a data mirror | run newfs
layout=mirror and mount the device
vxvol stop <mirror> To break the data mirror
vxplex -o rm dis <mirror>
vxassist make <raid5> <size> To create disk space for Raid 5
layout=raid5
vxvol stop <raid5> To break the Raid 5
vxplex -o rm dis <raid5>
vxdctl stop To stop the VxVm daemon
vxiod -f set0 To terminate the i/o operation
init 6 Restart & uninstall veritas using cd

SUN CLUSTER :

Required Components:
Terminal Concentrator, Cluster host, Storage array, Public network,
Administrative workstation sun cluster console software SUNWccon
It wont support multiple connections from a same server to a single storage box.

Topologies: Clustered Pair Topology, N+1 Topology, Pair + N topology.

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Clustered Pair Topology : If two are more pairs of nodes operating under a single cluster
administrative framework. In this the Nodes are configured in pairs-two, four, six or eight
nodes
N+1 Topology : This is providing one system to act as the back-up for the other system
in the group.
Pair + N topology : It is adding or including a pair of cluster in an existing cluster pair
only for the purpose of storage sharing. In this there is no direct connection between
them.

NOTE:
Once cluster is installed the init command wont work to shutdown the system use
# scshutdown -y g <grace period in minuter ##>
Configuration steps of sun cluster 3.0
Steps involved :
Install Disk Suit
Change SCSI Initiator ID
Initial Installation - Sun Cluster Software Installation
Configuring Quorum device
Disk Set using Disk Suit
Data Service Configuration
Changing SCSI Initiator ID : { do this steps only in any one server node }
Ok: probe-scsi-all | To view the physical disk path of the hard disk | note this for disk set
Ok: nvedit
0: probe-all install-console banner
1: cd < physical path or external hard disk_@1f,2000/scsi@1>
2: 6 scsi-initiator-id integer-property
3: device-end
4: cd < physical path or external hard disk_@1f,2000/scsi@1>
5: 6 scsi-initiator-id integer-property
6: device-end
7: banner < to save press ctrl c >
Ok: nvstore
Ok: setenv use-nvramrc? true
Ok: setenv auto-boot? true
Ok: reset-all
Ok: cd < physical path or external hard disk_@1f,2000/scsi@1>
Ok: .properties | This is to view the changed SCSI initiator ID
Creating Slices : { do this step in all the servers/nodes }
For an sun cluster 4 slices are important they are root, swap, /globaldevices, 50mb
for replica.

Edit /etc/host : { do this step in all the servers/nodes }

-----------------------entry-----------------------
<server ip address> <host name>
<server ip address> <host name>
<service/logical ip address> <service/logical name_nfs-server> | its virtual IP

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 ----------------------------------------------------

Assigning Logical or Virtual IP Address For the Service : { do in all servers/nodes }

# ifconfig hme0:1 plumb
# ifconfig hme0:1 <service ip address> netmask <netmask> up

# init6 | restart all the nodes in a same instant

Cluster Installation : { do in all servers/nodes }

# cd /cdrom/cdrom0/SunCluster_3.0/Tools
# ./scinstall | A installation menu will appear in that provide all the details

Create and Edit /.rhosts : { do in all servers/nodes }

-----------------------entry-----------------------
<servers node name>
<servers node name>
----------------------------------------------------
(or)
Add root users to the sysadmin group i.e. /etc/group { do in all servers/nodes }
Entry : sysadmin::14::root | add this entry in /etc/group

Install the required patches such as 110648-33,111488-08,112108-07and Restart

Edit /etc/profile : add following entry { do in all servers/nodes }

-----------------------entry-----------------------
PATH=/usr/bin::/usr/sbin::/usr/cluster/bin export PATH
MANPATH=/usr/cluster/man export MANPATH
----------------------------------------------------

Configure the Quorum Device : { do in any one servers/node } | for voting purpose
# scdidadm -L | to see the DID instance name on the storage box
# scsetup # scconf -a -q globaldev=d9
continue (y/n) :y # scconf -c -q reset
Quorum device : <DID instance name> Or # scstat -q | to see status
Add another quorum device (y/n) :n
Reset installmode (y/n) :y

Disk Set Configuration Steps : { do in all servers/node }

Install Disk Suit from Solaris 2 of 2 CD and then create state db replica.
# metaset -s <disk set name> -a -h <host name_ser1> <host name_ser2>
# metaset -s <disk set name> -a /dev/did/rdisk/<DID instance name>

Creating Concate / Stribes : { do in all servers/node }

# metainit -s <disk set name> <d99> 1 1 /dev/did/rdsk/<DID instance name>s0
# newfs /dev/md/<disk set name>/rdsk/<d99>
# mkdir /global/nfs

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# mount -g /dev/md/<disk set name>/dsk/<d99> /global/nfs

Edit /etc/vfstab : for permanent entry { do in all servers/node }

/dev/md/<disk set name>/dsk/<d99> /dev/md/<disk set name>/rdsk/<d99>
/global/nfs ufs 2 yes global,logging | 2 is for no-run fsck at boot

NAFO Network Adaptor Fail Over - for public n/w management

In case of failure of the network adaptor which is responsible for public network
then due to this also the public cant able to access the server, in order to avoid that we
can provide a standby adaptor and that has to be configured in NAFO to take charge.
# pnmstat -l | To view the status
# pnmset | To creat NAFO
continue (y/n) :y
Number NAFO backup groups : 1
Group Number :0 | i.e nafo0
Enter adaptor names : <hme0 hme1>

Data Service Configuration : Services like apache, oracle, dns, iws etc., Insert sun
cluster 2nd CD & give ./scinstall and then choose 4 for adding support for data service.
In case of nfs select it and quit and then add required patched for the service eg. 111555-
07 and then restart the system by scshutdown -y -g0

Resource Group Manager (RGM) : { do in any one servers/node }

Responsible for controlling the starting and stoping of resource group on selected
nodes of the cluster.
# cd /global/nfs
# mkdir admin data
# cd admin
# mkdir SUNW.nfs
# cd SUNW.nfs
# touch dfstab.<resource group name>
# chmod 777 /global/nfs/data

Edit dfstab.<resource group name>

-----------------------entry-----------------------
share -F nfs -o rw /global/nfs/data
----------------------------------------------------
Register the Appropriate Resource type (NFS) :
# scrgadm -a -t SUNW.nfs
# scrgadm -a -g <resource group name_nfs-server-rg> -h <all node name> -y path
prefix=/global/nfs/admin
# scrgadm -a -L -j <resource name_ nfs-server-rf> -g < resource group name_nfs-
server-rg > -l <logical add_nfs-server>
# scrgadm -a -j <resource name_ nfs-server-rf> -g < resource group name_nfs-server-
rg > -t SUNW.nfs

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Enabling & Bringing Resources Online :
# scswitch -Z -g nfs-server-rg
# scrgadm -a -L -g < resource group name_nfs-server-rg > -l <logical name_nfs-server>
-n <nafo0@e450, nafo1@e250> | To associate pubic n/w mgt with resource group

Disabling nfs resources :

# scswitch -n -M -j <resource name_ nfs-server-rf>
Enabling nfs resources :
# scswitch -e -M -j <resource name_ nfs-server-rf>
# scstat -g | To view the status
# scrgadm -p | To view the resource type, group, installed resources etc.,
In Client Side :
Create a mount point # mkdir suncluster
Mount the directory # mount <logical host_nfs-server>:/global/nfs/data/suncluster
Edit /etc/hosts entry is <logical ip address> <logical name>
To Manually switch the service from one node to the another :
# scswitch -z -h <node which has to made active> -g <resource group name>

FLASH Installation :
Flash installation is getting and saving the network configuration & setting
of your system to an existing extra disk. In case of any failure in your system you
put the extra disk in some other machine and restore the configuration by
locating it while reinstallation of OS on your system.
#flarcreate -n <archive_name> -a <author name> -R / -x </var/tmp>
</flashdisk/file.archive path in the destiny disk> To create a flash archive.

Installing Explorer & getting explorer output

Get the SUNWexplo from CD or online
Install it by placing it in /opt location
To get the explorer output goto /opt/SUNWexplo/bin & give explorer -i
Then output of explorer will be in the same location or in output directory.
The file name will be explorer.<host id>.<hostname>-<date>.tar.gz
If you want to read the content execute suncheckup for further details.

I do agree with my supervisor.... i will put all my effort, in the areas i need to be improve.

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