Answers

Unit 1 20 1960 to 1980 = 2.70% increase

1980 to 2000 = 3.95% increase

NUMBER 1
EXERCISE 3*
EXERCISE 1 1 0.75 2 21kg 3 $171 4 11.7km
2 2 1 2 5 52.5 6 106.25 7 68.005km 8 86.1kg
1 2 3 4 9 $80.04 10 $89.18 11 13.04% 12 $836
3 3 3 3
1 1 3 1
5 6 7 , 75% 8 , 20% 4.25
2 3 4 5 13 Profit = 4.25; percentage profit = 100 = 12.5%
34
1 1
9 , 0.25 10 8 , 0.125 11 0.15, 15% 12 0.075, 7.5% $374.40
________
4 14 100 = 39%
$960.00
7 3 2 1
13 , 35% 14 , 37.5% 15 2 16 3 15 0.0402% 16 33.3% 17 250%
20 8 3 4

Mathematics A Student Book 1

2 5 7 18 18 11.1% cheaper in US; 12.5% more expensive in Europe
17 3 18 2 19 20 19 There are 500 million telephones in the world, 60000 in Ethiopia.
5 7 3 5
11 41 Population of Ethiopia is 30 million.
21 22 20
6 7
1976 1986 1996
Largest tin (p/g) 0.0359 0.0607 0.0738
EXERCISE 1*
Smallest tin (p/g) 0.0493 0.1 0.16
2 2 1 7
1 7 2 3 3 6 4
11 % increase in cost % increase in cost
1 3 3 1 7686 8696
5 2 6 8 7 8
40 15
Largest tin 69.1 21.6
5 5 2 4
9 6 10 6 11 3 12 Smallest tin 102.8 60
5
4 3 7 3 Inflation was much higher between 1976 and 1986. If the larger tin
13 14 8 15 16
9 40 40 were bought in 1976 you would get 37.3% more for your money. In
17 680 18 910 19 0.765 20 0.095
1986 you would get 64.7% more for your money and in 1996 you
21 39 22 3.1 23 24 24 18
would get 117% more.
25 26.25 26 42.84 27 41.86 28 49.88

ACTIVITY 1
EXERCISE 2
Neurons: 1011
1 5 2 8 3 13 4 17
Connections: 1015
5 13 6 20 7 3 8 10
Connections per second 1015 (60 60 24 365 75) half a million
9 12 10 28 11 6 12 6
13 2 14 5 15 3 16 3
17 10 18 4 EXERCISE 4
1 1 105 2 1 105 3 1 1010 4 1 1010
5 1 103 6 1 107 7 1 1013 8 1 1011
EXERCISE 2*
9 1 102 10 1 105 11 1 103 12 1 102
1 2 2 6 3 23 4 5
13 1 103 14 1 108 15 1 101 16 1 102
5 18 6 10 7 18 8 10
2 17 4.56 102 18 6.78 101 19 1.2345 102
9 12 10 2 3 11 12 12 18 20 6.7 107 21 5.68 102 22 3.84 101 23 7.0605 102
13 36 14 13 15 49 16 74 24 1.23 108 25 4000 26 56000 27 4090000
17 144 18 196 28 678900 29 560 30 65000 31 7970000
32 987600 33 1000 34 10000 35 8.4 109
EXERCISE 3 36 1.4 102 37 5 101
1 1.8 2 0.272km 3 5.52m 4 1.38cm
5 0.684 6 12.6 litres 7 31.80 8 64.80 EXERCISE 4*
9 45.50 10 71.20 11 15% 12 6% 1 4.5089 104 2 8.705 104 3 2.983 107
13 10% 14 15% 15 5% 16 5.94m 4 7.654 107 5 1 103 6 1 106
468 7 1 105 8 1 101 9 1 1021
17 Percentage increase in value = 100 = 6% 10 1 108 11 1 100 or 1 12 1 106
7800
18 12 000 0.24 = 2880 13 6.16 106 14 2.7 108 15 4 101
12 000 2880 = 9120 16 7.083 104 17 9.1125 1016 18 2.43 1042
19 688 19 2.5 104 20 3.46 108 21 9.653 108

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 22 4 103 23 1 1010 24 1000 16 2ab + 3bc 17 0 18 0 19 2gh 5jk + 7
25 Saturn 10cm, Andromeda Galaxy 1 millionkm, 20 3ab 3bc + 2 21 3p2 2p 22 p3 + 7p2 23 5x2y 3xy2
Quasar 1000 millionkm 24 3ab3 2ab2

EXERCISE 5
EXERCISE 7*
1 800 2 90000 3 3740 4 80300
1 xy 2 2xy 3 4ab b 4 11xy x
5 0.44 6 0.56 7 0.506 8 0.105
5 6ab 6 4xy 7 0 8 0
9 34.78 10 0.65 11 3.0 12 9.1
9 3ab + 3bc 10 2fg + 11gh 11 3q2 12 2r4
13 1 105 14 1.1 105 15 1 105 16 9.9 104
13 x + 1 14 x4 + 3 15 a3+ 2a2 + a = a(a2 + 2a + 1)
16 x5 7x3 + 2 17 h3+ h2+ 3h + 4 18 2h3 2h2 + 2
EXERCISE 5* 19 7a2b 3ab 20 3fg 8fg2 21 a2b3c 0.6a3b2c + 0.3
1 10 2 5000 3 45.7 4 89500 22 0 23 4pq2r5 2pq2r4 24 4f 2g2h2 + 9f 2g2h3 2f 2g3h2
5 0.069 6 0.0069 7 0.0495 8 0.000568
9 9.00 10 2.08 11 7.0 12 78.2
13 1.06 105 14 1.057 105 15 9.88 104 16 9.877 104 EXERCISE 8
1 6a 2 28x 3 2x2 4 3y2
Mathematics A Student Book 1

5 3x3 6 2a4 7 15a5 8 8b6

REVISION EXERCISE 6 9 6st 10 20rt 11 4rs2 12 3de3
1 1 105 2 1 102 3 4570 4 4.57 103 13 2a2b2 14 9u2v2 15 4y3 16 24r3
12 21
5 3700 6 7 0.48 8 17 12x3 18 3y5 19 20a3 20 27b3
25 8
1 1 7
9 2.625 10 11 12
3 30 9 EXERCISE 8*
1 1 8a3 2 3x4 3 15x4y2 4 8xy6
13 14 4.2 15 420 16 4
16 5 6a7 6 30b7 7 18y3 8 32a4
17 14.4 18 0.05 19 0.046 20 0.046
9 36x5y3 10 24x4y7 11 30a3b3c5 12 24a2b5c6
21 9.2 108 22 5 104 23 2.04 24 45.12km 13 56xy4 14 135x4y 15 3 3
10x y 16 9x2y5
0.6
25 Profit = $0.60; percentage profit = 100 = 5% 17 3x y 2x y = x3y2(3y2 2)
3 4 3 2
18 5x y + 3x y = x5y2(5x + 3)
6 2 5 2
12
19 14a4b6 20 2x6y5
72
26 Loss = 72, percentage loss = 100 = 15%
480
EXERCISE 9
1 10 + 15a 2 12 + 21x 3 2b 8c 4 6v 30w
REVISION EXERCISE 6*
1 3 5 5 6a 24 6 27g 45 7 4x 12 8 7y 28
1 2 3 4 8.1 103 9 2b a 10 5y x 11 5a + 4b 12 7x + 2y
4 7 12
5 8.10 103 6 0.0456 7 45600 8 1 1012 13 3t 18 14 5v 17 15 6x + y 16 10a 2b
9 1 102 10 1 108 17 1.4x + 0.3y 18 0.5b 19 2.1a 11.7 20 4.3t + 9.1
11 1.586 108 12 5.28 107 13 8 102
14 To increase 80 by 10% = 88. EXERCISE 9*
To decrease 120 by 30% = 84. the first by 4. 1 12m 8 2 10n 30 3 2x 2y + 2z
162 000 4 3a + 3b 3c 5 15a + 5b 20c 6 15a 6b 9c
15 Profit = 162000; percentage profit = 100 = 18%
900 000
7 2x 3y + 4 8 5x + 3y 4 9 3y x
16 0.04 13.50 = 0.54; 13.50 0.54 = 12.96
10 x + 12y 11 1.4x 2.2 12 1.1 1.6z
17 $42928.40 18 2 cents loss
13 6x 3y 14 8q 15 4.6x 6.2y 0.4z
16 0.8x + 1.8y 0.4z 17 0.6a 4.2b + 0.7
18 0.3a 0.1b 0.1c 19 0.44x2 3.8xy 1.2y2
20 a2 0.61ab 1.1b2
ALGEBRA 1
ACTIVITY 2 EXERCISE 10
6. Half number added. 1 4 2 12 3 15 4 33
5 25 6 39 7 100 8 108
1
INVESTIGATE 9 12 10
4
11 15 12 33
Substituting any value of x gives the same values for both expressions. 13 2.4 14 6.5 15 13.5 16 19.5
17 26.6 18 21.6 19 1.4 20 4.8
EXERCISE 7 21 0.985 22 10.1 23 6.8 24 6.3
1 4ab 2 3uv 3 7xy 4 8ab
5 3pq 6 3xy 7 y xy 8 a ab EXERCISE 10*
9 2 6x 10 3y 4 11 2cd 12 ab 1 99.9 2 133.3 3 5.13 (to 2 d.p.)
13 4xy 14 3pq 15 2ab + 5bc 4 10.68 (to 2 d.p) 5 40.664 6 4.587

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7 580.39 8 32.364 9 8.49 (to 2 d.p) REVISION EXERCISE 14
10 0.0468 11 38.84 12 90.9433 1 3x 2 2 ab 3 6a 4 2a2
5 a3 6 2a4 7 4a4 8 5a 4ab
EXERCISE 11 9 x + 7y 10 x = 7 11 x = 4.8 12 x = 2
1 x = 3 2 x = 4 3 x = 1 4 x = 3 13 145, 146, 147
5 x = 2 6 x = 2 7 x = 2 8 x=4 14 a 4x + 12 = 54 b 10.5, 16.5
9 x = 8 10 x = 9 11 x = 1 12 x=6
13 x = 6 14 x = 10 15 x = 1 16 x=1 REVISION EXERCISE 14*
2 1 1 4xy2 3x2y 2 2x3y3 3 1 4 2x3y + xy3 + x4
17 x = 2 18 x = 1 19 x = 20 x =
3 5 5 x = 20 6 x = 1.25 7 x = 6 8 x = 2
5 5 4 9 x = 4 10 72m2 11 11 years old 12 6m/s
21 x = 22 x = 23 x = 24 x = 1
9 8 3
13 $98
2
25 x = 1 26 x = 27 238, 239 28 72, 73, 74
7
29 x = 10; 40, 80, 60 30 x = 25; 75, 50, 55
31 b = 4 32 b = 2.4 33 C = 15 34 d = 0.5
GRAPHS 1

Mathematics A Student Book 1

INVESTIGATE
EXERCISE 11* Gradient of AB = 0.1
1 x = 4 2 x = 3 3 x = 11 4 x = 10 Closer to zero. Gradient AC = 0
5 x = 2 6 x = 2 7 x = 5 8 x = 4 Larger and larger. Gradient BC is infinite.
9 x = 4 10 x = 6 11 x = 5 12 x = 2
13 x = 0 14 x = 1 15 72, 74, 76 EXERCISE 15
16 123, 125, 127, 129 1 1 2 1 0.5 3 4 0.5
17 Sonia = 11 kg, Amelia = 44 kg, John = 67kg 1 1
18 14 19 x = 50 20 x = 2.44 (to 2 d.p) 5 3 6 2 7 8 3
2 4
21 45m (2 s.f.) 22 4.20cm 23 1 km 1
3 9 10 1 11 10m 12 45m
4
EXERCISE 12 13 1.5m 14 10km 15 2.325m 16 2m
1 x = 1 2 x = 4 3 x = 2 4 x = 5 1
17 a 14m b ___ 18 a 2 b 159m
30
5 x = 4 6 x = 3 7 x = 3 8 x = 2
9 x = 1 10 x = 2 11 x = 1 12 x = 2
EXERCISE 15*
1 1
13 x = 0 14 x = 0 15 x = 16 x = 3 5 3 6
2 3 1 2 3 4 __ 5 52
8 4 4 7
17 x = 2, perimeter = 38 18 x = 2, perimeter = 16
6 5 7 No 8 No 9 Yes 10 Yes
19 9 20 13
1
11 a __cm b 0.1cm 12 26m 13 p = 2 14 q = 10.4
6
EXERCISE 12*
1 x = 4 2 x = 3 3 x = 2 4 x = 1 ACTIVITY 3
1 2 4 3
5 x=1 6 x = 7 x= 8 x= x 2 0 2 Gradient y intercept
2 5 5 4
7 2 y=x+1 1 1 3 1 1
9 x= 10 x = __
11 x = 3 12 x = 4
9 3 y = x + 1 3 1 1 1 1
13 x = 5 14 x = 4 15 x = 9 16 x = 10 y = 2x 1 5 1 3 2 1
17 x = 0.576 (3 s.f.) 18 x = 0.277 (3 s.f.) y = 2x + 1 5 1 3 2 1
19 x = 1.28 (3 s.f.) 20 x = 1.22 (3 s.f.) y = 3x 1 7 1 5 3 1
21 x = 30 22 42 years 12x + 2
y = __ 1 2 3 1
2
2
y = mx +c m c
EXERCISE 13
1 x = 13 2 x = 4 3 x = 3 4 x=7
5 x = 2 6 x = 6 7 x = 4 8 x=4
EXERCISE 16
5 5 1 3, 5 2 4, 1 3 1, 7 4 2, 3
9 x = . . 10 x = 1 1 1 1
2 3 5 , 2 6 , 4 7 , 5 8 ,3
3 2 2 4
EXERCISE 13* 1
9 , 2
1
10 , 1 11 2, 4 12 1, 5
1 x = 8 2 x = 5 3 x = 5 4 x = 1 3 5
5 x = 4 6 x = 3 7 x = 9 8 x = 5 13 0, 2 14 0, 3 15 y = 3x 2 16 y = x + 4
3 3 x
9 x= 10 x = 11 6 hits 12 15 17 y = 3 + 10 18 y = 0.2x 5 19 y = 2x + 4 20 y = x 1
4 5
13 4
21 y = 5x 1 22 y = 3x

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 23 For example 4x 3y = 12 and 3y = 4x 1;
1
a y = x 1 b y = 2 x + 2 c y = 1 3x 4y = 12 and 4y = 3x + 7
24 b 9C c t = 0.6m + 9 d 35 min 7 b 27C; 30C; 77F c 40
e 117C, no, over boiling point, 0 t 30 seems sensible. 8 y = x + 2, y = x 2, x + y = 2, x + y = 2
9 y = x, y = x, x = 3, x = 3, y = 3, y = 3
EXERCISE 16*
1 3 3 REVISION EXERCISE 18*
1 5, 2 4, 3 0, 4 0, 2.5 5 3, 2.5
2 4 4 1
1 a b 2
4 2 3 5 2 3
6 , 7 6, 8 , 9 10 2 5m
3 3 2 4 3
2 5 3 5 3 a Gradient 3, intercept 2 b Gradient 2, intercept 3
11 , 12 , 13 y = 2.5x 2.3 1 10
3 3 4 4 c Gradient , intercept 2.5 d Passes through (2, 0) and (0, )
2 3
3 x 5
14 y = x + 6.3 15 y = + 1 16 y = 0.7x 3.3 4 Gradient of BC = gradient of AD =
5 4 6
5 b = 1.5
17 y = 2.5x 3.5 18 y = 8x + 8.4 19 a 7x + 6y = 84
20 9x 5y = 96 6 3y = x + 6
7 a F = 20P + 20; S = 35P + 35 c 3 h 48 min; 2 h 40 min
21 For example
Mathematics A Student Book 1

1 d 10.25 pounds e about 1.15 pm

a x = 2 b 2x + y = 2 c y= x1
2 8 b 35h + 3t = 105 c 11.7s
22 b h = 0.3t 0.5 c 0.2m, no, t > 2
d 2.14m, Not sensible, 0 t 35
d 335 hours, steady growth e h = 0.6t 7.7
e 28s, assume continues linear.
Beanstalk is 6.7m at noon on 2 April. Has to grow another 93.3m.
93.3 = 0.6t 7.7 gives t 168 hours = 7 days
i.e. at noon on 9 April.
SHAPE AND SPACE 1
ACTIVITY 4
A baked bean tin or a cardboard tube is ideal. ACTIVITY 6
22
p= = 3.142
7
Diags equal Y Y N N N N N
EXERCISE 17
Diags bisect
1 (3, 0), (0, 6) 2 (9, 0), (0, 3) 3 (4, 0), (0, 6) Y Y Y Y N N N
each other
4 (2, 0), (0, 4) 5 (5, 0), (0, 4) 6 (8, 0), (0, 3)
Diags
7 (4, 0), (0, 2) 8 (9, 0), (0, 3) 9 (8, 0), (0, 6) Y N Y N Y N Y
perpendicular
10 (2, 0), (0, 5)
Diags bisect
11 b 10 c 42000 d
0; no, not a sensible value Y N Y N N N N
angles
Opp. angles
EXERCISE 17* Y Y Y Y N N N
equal
1 (6, 0), (0, 12) 2 (14, 0), (0, 8) 3 (3.5, 0), (0, 5.25)
4 (1.5, 0), (0, 2.4) 5 (7.5, 0), (0, 6) 6 (6.4, 0), (0, 4) EXERCISE 19
7 (10.5, 0), (0, 3) 8 (3, 0), (0, 2.4) 9 (3.5, 0), (0, 3) 1 a = 102, b = 78 2 a = 34, b = 146 3 a = 65
10 (6.75, 0), (0, 3) 4 a = 37 5 a = 73, b = 34 6 a = 36, b = 72
3
11 b 23 c , 23; about 25H + 3W = 575 7 a = 57, b = 123 8 a = 44, b = 112 9 a = 31, b = 31
25
d 92 weeks; no, longer, unlikely to continue linear. 10 a = 50 11 a = 124, b = 56 12 a = 42, b = 138
13 a = 58, b = 32 14 a = 55, b = 15
ACTIVITY 5 15 a 45 b 135 c 1080
4
Gradient of AB is 0.5. AB extended intercepts the y axis at (0, 2.5). 16 a 900 b 128
7
1 17 9 sides 18 12 sides 19 x = 74; 74 and 148
The equation of the line through AB is y = x + 2.5.
2 20 a 15 b 2340
1 2 1
y = 3x + 7; y = x + 3; y = x +
3 3 3
EXERCISE 19*
1 a = 137, b = 43 2 a = 153, b = 27, c = 63 3 a = 36
REVISION EXERCISE 18 4 a = 20 5 a = 17 6 a = 39
1 a 2 b 1 7 180 2x 8 180 2y 9 x = 50
2 4.5m 10 x = 36 11 a = 56, b = 34 12 a = 73
3 a 3, 2 b 2, 5 13 a = 40, b = 113 14 a = 56, b = 38 15 20 sides
4 a y = 2x 1 b y = 3x + 2 16 6 sides
5 a Gradient 2, intercept 3 b Gradient 1, intercept 4
c Passes through (5, 0) and (0, 2)
6 y = 2x + 4 and 4x = 2y + 7; x 3y = 1 and 9y = 3x + 4;

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EXERCISE 20 REVISION EXERCISE 21
1 5.86cm 2 3.62cm 3 4.2cm, 14.7cm2 1 a = 52 b = 128 c = 76
4 JK = 9.2cm, JM = 6.7cm 2 a 40 b 140 c 1260
5 c PS = QS = RS = 4.7cm; all equal, on a circumcircle 3 a 12 sides b 30 4 a = 40, b = 70
6 5.3cm 5 a = 210, b = 20 6 9.5cm, 38cm2
7 7 a b
A B c 14m
path child takes

area wetted by sprinkler

8 D E C

REVISION EXERCISE 21*

1 a = 40, b = 100, c = 40, d = 260 2 x = 150
9 a b
180km 3 b 6.5cm c 30cm2
4 a Hexagon b Equilateral triangle

Mathematics A Student Book 1

5 LKJ = 15, HKL = 45 JKH = LKJ + HKL = 60
1
6 22
2
10 a and b
N c
3.9km 7 d 5.2cm
8 91km, 69km
G

boat route

B Scale 1 cm : 1 km
exclusion zone

11 577m 12 161m
13 a b
Scale 1 cm : 2 m

SETS 1
EXERCISE 22
1 a Any two vegetables b Any two colours
EXERCISE 20* c Any two letters d Any two odd numbers
1 5.4cm 2 6.5cm 3 6.8cm 4 8.5cm 2 a Any two fruits b Any two items of clothing
5 6 c Any two mathematical symbols d Any two even numbers
3 a {Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday,
Saturday}
b {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100}
c For example, {Mathematics, Science, English, }
7 8 d {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}
4 a {Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South
America}
b {3, 5, 7, 9}
c For example, {Coronation Street, Neighbours, }
d {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12}
5 a {the first four letters of the alphabet}

a b c b {days of the week beginning with T}
9
c {first four square numbers}
d {even numbers}
6 a {last six letters of the alphabet} b {months beginning with J}
c {first five natural numbers} d {prime numbers}
7 a False b False
10 c False d True
8 a False b True
c False d True

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 9 b and c EXERCISE 23*
10 a and c 1 a

EXERCISE 22*
1 a Any two planets b Any two polygons
c Any two elements d Any two square numbers
2 a Any two sports
b Any two three-dimensional shapes b {4, 6, 8}, 3 c Yes
c Any two symbols on the buttons of a calculator d {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11} e Yes
d Any two triangle numbers 2 a
3 a {2, 3, 4} b {1, 4, 6}
c {1, 5, 7, 35}
d {1, 10, 100, 1000, 10 000, 100 000}
4 a {SET, STE, EST, ETS, TSE, TES} b {x, x 1, x + 1}
c {1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13} d {3, 6, 9, 12}
5 a {seasons of the year} b {conic sections}
Mathematics A Student Book 1

c {first five powers of 2} d {Pythagorean triples} b {2, 3, 4}, {2, 3, 4} c Yes

6 a {colours in traffic lights} d Yes e Yes
b {first five letters of the Greek alphabet} 3 a
c {fifth row of Pascals triangle}
d {all arrangements of the digits 1, 2, 3}
7 a True b False c True d False
8 a True b False c False d False
9 a and d

10 a (queueing has five consecutive vowels)
b { } or c The sets dont overlap (disjoint).
4 a
EXERCISE 23
1 a 16 b n(T) = 14; 14 pupils like toffee
c n(C T) = 12; 12 pupils like both chocolate and toffee
d 21
2 a 50 b 25
c n(B S) = 2; there are two black sheep in the field
d 17

3 a b {c, e}, 2
b White roses c The shop has no white roses.
5 a

c Yes d No, dB but dA, for example
4 a b {c, d, e}, {c, d, e} b V A = {a, e}, V B = {a, i, o}, A B = {u}
c {e}
6 a

c Yes

d Yes; every member of C is also a member of D.
b P E = {4, 6, 8}, E F = {2, 6}, P F = {5, 7}
5 a Pink Rolls-Royce cars
c The even prime factors of 6
b There are no pink Rolls-Royce cars in the world.
7 a
6 a Yellow jeans
b The shop has got some yellow jeans.
7 a 35 b 3 c 11 d 2 e 64
8 a 39 b 22 c 8
d 12 e 7 different types of ice-cream

b
{12, 24} c 12

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 d LCM is 12. It is the smallest member of F S. c I E = Isosceles triangles, I R = triangles that are isosceles or
e (i) 24 (ii) 40 right-angled or both.
8 a d Equilateral triangles,
6

b {1, 2, 3, 6} c Highest Common Factor
d (i) 16 (ii) 5 Note S = F R b
a F R = {squares}
9 2n S F = F, S R = R d
c S F = F R = {squares}
10 A B C gives multiples of 30, so must be a set that includes one
and only one multiple of 30. EXERCISE 24*
1 a b {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
EXERCISE 24
1 a

Mathematics A Student Book 1

c E O = d EO=
2 a Pizzas containing ham or cheese or both.
b {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9}, 7 c Yes b Pizzas containing both ham and cheese.
d {2, 8} e No c All the pizzas contain ham or cheese or both.
2 a 3 n(A B C) = 28 4 n(A B C) = 43

b A B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}, B A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
c Yes d Yes e Yes 5 B A or B = 6 Yes
3 a Diagram not unique
REVISION EXERCISE 25
1 a Any spice b Any pet or animal
c Any fruit d Any colour
2 a {4, 9, 16, 25} b {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24}
c {a, e, i}
d {April, June, September, November}
b All cards that are black or a king or both. 3 a {first four prime numbers}
c All cards that are black, a club or a king or all three. b {even numbers between 31 and 39}
d All cards that are red or a king or both. c {days of the week beginning with S} or {days of the weekend}
4 a d {vowels}
4 a False (51 = 3 17) b False (2 O)
c True d True
5 a {3, 6, 9, 12}
b

b {a, e, i, o, u, b, c, d} c
Consonants
d Yes
5 a c {5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13}
d {6, 9}
e
6 a {female members born in Africa}
b
c Amy was born either in Africa or in China
b An isosceles right-angled triangle.

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 d 7 a 38 b 8 c 64
8 a 2 b 4 c y = 2x + 4
9 y = 3x + 2 and y = 3x 3
10 a x = 6 b x = 10.5 c x = 2
11 a 0.2 b 68 c 0.2
12 a 8.0 109 b 7.5 104 c 9.5 100
2 3
13 a 3a b + a b 4a c 4c + 4
14 12%
REVISION EXERCISE 25*
15 1:3 by 11%
1 a {4, 8, 12, 16}
16 a 18 b 1 c 39
b {red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet}
17 a E = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11}, E T = {6, 12}, F T = {12}
c {CAT, CTA, ACT, ATC, TCA, TAC}
b E = {odd integers less than 13},
d {2, 3, 6}
E T = {multiples of 6},
2 a {factors of 12} b {first five Fibonacci numbers}
F T = {multiples of 12}.
c {suits in a pack of cards} d {five regular solids}

3 a 9 b E
F
3 T
2
Mathematics A Student Book 1

4
12 6
10 8 9

1, 5, 7, 11

4 a {ace of diamonds} b 18 a All houses with electricity have mains water. E W
c {diamonds plus aces of hearts, clubs and spades} b House p has mains water and gas but no electricity.
d 2 c and d
e

5 a Isosceles right-angled triangles b E 2 2
19 a y = __ x + 2 or 2x + 3y = 6 b y = __
x 1
c d 3 3
20 a 3(x + 2) = 2x + 10 b 4
21 a 20x 10(30 x) = 180 b 16
22 a 3x + 5(x 10) + 2(x + 20) = 890
b 90 cents
23 interior angle = 150, exterior angle = 30
6 a {20} b 12 or 24 24 112, 29
c Yes. The first integer that is a multiple of both 5 and 6 is 30. 25

EXAMINATION PRACTICE 1
1 a 7a2 + 4a3 b 2a3 c 12x 15
P
2 a x = 9 b x = 40 c x = 15
3 a 1014 b 1 1014
4 a 3 1010 b 440000
5 a 92.78 b 182.8 c 70.75
6 20%

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

8
 1 3 19 4 1
Unit 2 26 8__
___
8
3
31
27 2__

32 6
4
28 3___
24
29 4__
5
30 7__
2

10
NUMBER 2
EXERCISE 27*
ACTIVITY 7 __3 7 3 7 19
1 2 ___ 3 __
4 ___
5 ___

4 10 5 12 20
Decimal form Multiples of 10 or fraction Standard form 3 3 3 1 3
6 __ 7 __ 8 ___ 9 __
10 __

form 8 4 10 5 4
7 16 2 1 3
1 11 ___ 12 ___ 13 __ 14 __ 15 __

0.1 ___ 1 101 10 25 9 3 8
10 9 2 11 1 4
16 ___ 17 7__ 18 13___ 19 6__ 20 1 __
1 1 25 3 15 2 9
0.01 ____
= ____
1 102
100 102 7 23 7 2 2
21 6__ 22 1___ 23 1___ 24 11__ 25 2__
1 1 9 60 15 3 3
0.001 _____ = ____
1 103
1000 103 5 2 1 7
26 6 27 __ 28 __ 29 4__ 30 1__
_______ 1 1 6 9 2 8
0.0001 = ____
1 104
10000 104

Mathematics A Student Book 1

0.00001 _______
1
= ____
1
1 105 EXERCISE 28
10000 105 1 $168, $224 2 182m, 455m 3 94kg, 658kg
4 108 miles, 135 miles
ACTIVITY 8 5 574, 410 6 315, 90 7 8.1, 5.4 8 3.2, 2.4
Mouse = 10g = 101g; pigmy shrew = 1g = 100g;
grain of sand = 0.0001g = 104g; 10; 10000; house mouse; grain of sand; EXERCISE 28*
grain of sand, staphylococcus; 10, staphylococcus 1 $45 : $75 2 50 : 300 3 111ml 4 519g
5 117 : 234 : 351
EXERCISE 26 6 256 tonnes :192 tonnes : 128 tonnes
1 1 101 2 1 102 3 1 103 4 1 104 7 $32 8 1mg
5 1 103 6 1 102 7 1 101 8 1 100
9 0.001 10 0.00001 11 0.0012 12 0.87 EXERCISE 29
13 0.000001 14 0.0001 15 0.0467 16 0.00034 1 24 = 16 2 35 = 243 3 25 = 32 4 54 = 625
17 5.43 101 18 7.08 102 19 7 103 20 9 104 5 2 = 4
2
6 4 = 16
2
7 53 = 125 8 83 = 512
21 6.7 101 22 7.07 103 23 1 102 24 1 103 9 36 = 729 10 63 = 216 11 210 = 1024 12 28 = 256
25 100 26 100 27 10000 28 1000000 13 (0.1)3 = 0.001 14 (0.2)3 = 0.008 15 2.12 = 4.41
29 128 30 0.03 31 30 32 3.6 16 1.3 = 1.69
2
17 44 = 256 18 73 = 343
33 0.018 34 30 19 204 = 160000 20 304 = 810000

EXERCISE 26* EXERCISE 29*

1 10 2 0.001 3 0.011 4 0.099 1 83 = 512 2 93 = 729 3 73 = 343 4 44 = 256
5 0.01 6 0.0001 7 0.0011 8 0.099 5 53 = 125 6 43 = 64 7 61 = 6 8 21 = 2
9 1 103 10 1 104 11 1 101 12 1 101 9 53 = 125 10 101 = 10 11 106 = 1000000
13 1 104 14 1 104 15 1 102 16 1 103 12 29 = 512 13 20 = 1 14 31 = 3 15 53 = 125
17 6.25 106 18 1.6 103 19 6.9 107 20 5 102 16 21 = 2 17 9 18 100 19 10000
21 4 106 22 2.5 103 23 4.8 105 24 2 100 20 221 = 2097152; 219 = 524288
25 5000 viruses 26 66000 viruses 27 6 1010 21 810 = 230 and 414 = 228 810 > 414
28 2 107 29 (3.4 1023) + (0.34 1023) = 3.74 1023 22 327 > 913
30 a 1 1027, 27 zeros 23
b 3
(1 1027 ) = 1 10 9
No. times done No. of sheets in pile Height of pile
c 1 107

d 2 1023, 2 1016 cm, (2 1016) (4 109) 5 106 times! 3 8 0.8mm
5 32 3.2mm
EXERCISE 27 10 1024 0.102m
6 5 2 1 2
1 __ 2 __
3 __
4 __
1__
5 50 1.13 10 15 1.13 billionkm
7 9 5 2 9
1 1 1 23 1 42 times
6 1__ 7 __
8 __
9 ___
10 ___

4 2 4 24 12
5 1 5 3 6 EXERCISE 30
11 4___ 12 2___ 13 ___
14 ___
15 __
12 10 18 14 7
1 1 = Yen 180 2 1 = US$1.7 3 1 = Aus$2.38
3 3 1 3
16 __
17 __ 18 3__ 19 ___ 20 8 4 1 = US$1.86 5 1 = NZ$2.75 6 1 = Can$2.25
8 5 3 25
1 1 7 7 7 a 8.40 b 75.60
21 3 22 1__ 23 1__ 24 2___ 25 4___
2 2 10 12
Pearson Education Ltd 2009
9
 8 a US$11.25 b US$78.75 EXERCISE 33
4
9 a 105mm/h b 1.75mm/min 5x
____
2
2x2 x3z y
1 2 ____ 3 ___ 4 __
5 1
10 a 11 tonnes b 660 tonnes 4 3 y z
11 a 1.1 s b 4c2 5d
66.7l 6 1 7 ___ 8 ___ 9 6 10 4
5 6
12 a 2740000 miles per day b 114000 miles per hour 3xy
ab b 2x
11 __
____
12 13 __ 14 ___
15 1
2 4 6 7
EXERCISE 30* 2
__ __ 3 b
___ 3z
___
16 1 17 18 19 20
2
y a 2c y
1 a $15 b 2667 Yen
2 a 520kJ b 6g
3 2.3 million EXERCISE 33*
1 x3
3x 4b c 2 9pq2
4 a 1 109 b ___ g/cm3 1 2a3 2 __
3 ___
4 ____
____
5
11 2 z a 10
5 12 miles 1 y 5xy3 3x2y2
6 50 6 2ac 7 ___ 8 ____
9 _____
2 10 _____
3
2x 2x2 z z
4 4
7 a 0.0825 s b 12.1 litres/s 3x 5x 1
11 y 12 a 13 ____ 14 ____2 15 _____
2 2
8 a 125s b 8.00 litres/s 8y 2y 2a b
15
9 a 94.4m/s b 0.00106s 16 ___________
4 2
2xy (y + x )
Mathematics A Student Book 1

10 52.5 almudes
EXERCISE 34
REVISION EXERCISE 31 7x
___ 9a
___ a x 4a + 3b
1 2 3 ___
4 ___
5 _______


1 28 = 256 2 72 = 49 3 36 = 729 4 52 = 25 12 20 12 12 12
5 1 103 6 3.69 102 7 100 8 0.001 6x + 5y
_______ 5x 11y a 11b
6 7 ___ 8 ____
__
9 10 ____
13 2 1 30 12 20 2 18
9 0.11 10 2___ 11 __
12 __
5x 2y
20 3 4 3a + 4b a b 3a + 8b
11 _______ 12 _______

__
13 __
14 _______
15

13 $110, $165 12 10 6 2 12
14 1 Swiss Franc = BD1.3; 15 Swiss Franc = BD19.5 x + 6y
16 ______

9
15 1000 gallons/s
16 12 minutes
EXERCISE 34*
7x
___ a 5a 26y
REVISION EXERCISE 31* 1 2 ___ 3 ___ 4 ____

18 15 21 45
1 203 = 8000 2 1.22 = 1.44 3 210 = 1024 4 1 106 14x + 20y 30a 22b a
11 1 7 5 __________ 6 _________
7 __

8 x
5 5 10
3
6 3 ___ 7 1___ 8 14 ___
35 55 4
12 12 12 17 31 2d + 3 1 2x
9 8 10 $208, $312, $416 9 ___ 10 ____
11 ______ 2 12 ______
2
6b 20c d x
11 1.01 12 9 metres behind the start line. 7 3x 7x + 7 y 2 15 5a
13 ______
14 ______ 15 _____

16 _______

13 11.4 tonnes 14 390 kg 15 2.65s 10 12 30 14
3x + 5
______ _____ y+5 _______ 2a 1 7x
____________
17 18 19

20
12 30 a(a 1) (x 4)(x + 3)

ALGEBRA 2
EXERCISE 35
EXERCISE 32 1 x = 3 2 x = 2 3 x = 6 4 x = 8 5 x = 4
6 x = 8 7 x = 8 8 x = 7 9 x = 3 10 x = 5
1 4 2 x 3 3y 4 2y 5 2
11 x = 1 12 x = 5 13 x = 13 14 x = 47 15 x = 4
3a 3x b x
6 2 7 ___
8 ___ 9 __ 10 __ 16 x = 9 17 x = 16 18 x = 144 19 x = 81 20 x = 12
b y 2 2
3a 4x a
11 ___
12 ___ 13 4c 14 5y 15 __
b y 2 EXERCISE 35*
__ b __ 4 3
16 17 18 __ 19 2b 20 4y2 1 x = 5 2 x = 3 3 x = 7 4 x = 8 5 x = 9
3 x a
1 1 a y 6 x = 4 7 x = 81 8 x = 0 9 x = 7 10 x = 36
21 ____
2 22 ____
2 23 __ 24 ___

5b 6y 4 3x 11 x = 4 12 x = 81 13 x = 5 14 x = 144
15 x = 10 or x = 16 16 x = 5.5 or x = 2.5 17 x = 3
EXERCISE 32* 18 x = 1.5 19 x = 1 20 x = 3.54 or x = 10.46
1 1 2 3 x
1 __
2 __ 3 __ 4 __ 5 __
2 4 b a 4
b a x 2 2
CHALLENGE
__
6 __
7 __
8 __
9 10 ___ 1
4 2 5 b xy Parallelogram: draw a diagonal. Area of each triangle = __ bh. So area of
2
6
__ ___ 5a ___ a ___2x 3 parallelogram = bh.
11 2 12 5 13 14 15 ____ ah ___ bh h
b b 2b 3y abc Trapezium: draw a diagonal. Area of trapezium = + = __(a + b)
___
2 2 2
3 a 16x 1 c3
16 ___ 17 ____ 2 18 ____
____
19 2 2 20 __ 3
4x 4b 3y ab a
3a 4c2 3z2 4ab
EXERCISE 36
21 ___ 22 ____
2 23 _____
24 ____ 1 4.5cm 2 7.2cm 3 44 cm; 154cm2
8b 5a 10x2 169
4 88 cm; 616cm2 5 h = 8cm 6 b = 12cm

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

10
7 YZ = 4cm 8 BC = 9cm For Questions 3 to 14 the result should also be shown on a number line.
9 a 7.07 1016 km b 8.1 1012 km/h 2 1 2
3 x 2.5 4 x > 3__ 5 x < 5__ 6 x 3__
10 a 2.83 10 km
19
b 3.8 1013 km/h 3 3 3
1 1
11 h = 4.7cm 12 b = 3.9cm 13 11.7km 7 x < 1.5 8 x 8__ 9 x < 3 __ 10 x 4.5
3 5
14 150 million km 15 0.1 second 11 x 2 12 x > 3 13 1 < x 3 14 1 < x 4
15 x 7 {7, 6, 5, 4} 16 x 3.25 {4, 5, 6, 7}
EXERCISE 36* 17 23 18 13 19 {1, 2, 3} 20 {2, 1, 0, 1}
1 14cm 2 7cm 3 AC = 12cm; 4.2cm
4 x = 10cm 5 h = 5.5cm 6 a = 10.5cm REVISION EXERCISE 39
7 92 + 122 14 no 1 3 2 x 3 3x 4 4 5 a
8 AP = 10cm; PQ = 5cm; area APQ = 25cm2 9y 2x 4a + b
6 6x 7 ___ 8 ___
9 ______

10 4
9 5.30cm2 10 5.83 units 11 10.5cm2 for each 20 15 10
12 39800km 13 15.9km 14 220m 11 6 12 20 13 a 10
14 b2 15 c12
16 5cm 17 12cm 18 > 19 < 20 <
15 Obtuse 16 3.71cm 17 8.37cm
2r 21 = 22 {3 < x 2}; 2
18 Area = r 2 = r 2
2r 23 x > 5 24 x 4.5 25 x 2
19 a 1560 b 2120 c 2890

Mathematics A Student Book 1

EXERCISE 37 26 x 1 27 {3, 4} 28 3.24cm 29 11.34km
1 210 = 1024 2 39 = 19683 3 47 = 16384
4 57 = 78125 5 26 = 64 6 310 = 59049
7 73 = 343 8 88 = 16777216 9 212 = 4096 REVISION EXERCISE 39*
4a
___ 5x b b
10 39 = 19683 11 68 = 1679616 12 1100 = 1 1 2 ___
3 ___
4 __

b y 4a 2
13 a 5 14 b7 15 c4 5 18b 8a 7
16 d 2 17 e6 18 f6 5 ___ 6 ____
7 ___
8 ____

xy a 5 12b
19 a9 20 b12 21 c5 2x + 6
______
9 10
3 11 2 12 4
22 d 2 23 12a6 24 12b8 21
13 a4 14 4b6 15 81c7 16 2.18m
25 6a5 26 12b7 27 2e8
17 3 < x 0; 2
28 3f 6
18 x < 4.4 19 x > 4 20 x 4.5

EXERCISE 37*
1 612 = 2.18 109 2 710 = 2.82 108 3 76 = 1.18 105 21 37 22 {3, 2, 1, 0} 23 50.1cm
4 87 = 2.10 106 5 812 = 6.87 1010 6 915 = 2.06 1014 24 0.39 seconds 25 4.07 106 km/hour
7 417 = 1.72 1010 8 524 = 5.96 1016
9 a12 10 b14 11 3c6 12 8d 5 13 2e8

GRAPHS 2
6
14 3f 15 8g12 16 27h9 17 48j12 18 36k8
7
19 24m 20 36n7 21 27a6 22 3a2 23 2
24 a7 25 8b4 26 8a16 27 6 28 8d15 ACTIVITY 9
Pineapple
EXERCISE 38 Minutes online (t) 0 500 1000
1 < 2 > 3 < 4 =
Cost in cents (C) 999 1549 2099
5 > 6 < 7 < 8 >
9 x 0, x > 2 10 x < 1.5, x 0.5
11 3 < x 3 12 1.5 < x 4.5 Banana
Minutes online (t) 0 500 1000
For Questions 13 to 28 the result should be shown on a number line.
Cost in pence (C) 495 1395 2295
13 x > 5 14 x > 3 15 x 4 16 x 2 17 x < 3
18 x < 2 19 x 3 20 x 3 21 x 9 22 x 3 720 minutes per month results in the same charge of $17.91.
23 x < 4 24 x > 4 25 x < 0 26 x 1 27 x > 3
28 x 0 29 x < 2 30 x > 6 31 x 5 32 x 4 EXERCISE 40
1 2
33 x < 1 34 x __ 35 x 2 36 x 1 37 x __ 1
3 3
38 x 1.5 39 x 7 40 x 4 41 {5, 6} 42 {4, 5} x 0 2 4
43 {3, 4} 44 {3, 2, 1} 45 {0, 1}
y=x+1 1 3 5
46 {4, 3, 2} 47 {1, 2, 3, 4} 48 {1, 2}
49 {2, 3} 50 {2, 3} x 0 2 4
y = 2x 2 2 2 6
EXERCISE 38* Intersection point is (3, 4).
1 x 0 or x > 3; 0 x > 3 0 3 2 0 x < 3; 2

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

11
 y
2 11 9
8
x 0 2 4 7
6
y=x1 1 1 3 5
4
3
x 0 2 4 2
1 x
y=6x 6 4 2
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2
Intersection point is (3.5, 2.5). 3
3 (2, 5) 4 (1, 0) 5 (3, 8) 6 (4, 13) 4
5
7 (1.5, 9) 8 (2.5, 5.5) 9 (2, 2) 10 (4, 2) 6
7
11 a d = 35t 8
9
b d = 5 + 15t; after 15 min at distance 8.75km.
12 a Plan A: C = 15 + 0.25t; Plan B: C = 100 + 0.14t 12
9 y
c 773 min 8
7
6
5
EXERCISE 40* 4
3
1 (6, 13) 2 (5, 8) 3 (1.75, 4.25)
Mathematics A Student Book 1

2
4 (2.67, 1.67) 5 (2.57, 0.29) 6 (1.89, 2.63) 1 x

7 (0.53, 0.9) o o 3.09)

8 (1.63, oo 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2
9 (700, 2930), (7360, 2264) 3
4
10 Angles: 0, 90, 180, 270, 0, 90, 180, 270, 0, 90, 180 5
6
b 7
8
9

13
9 y
8
7
6
5
4
c
1h 5.45min; 2h 10.9min; 3h 16.4min; 4h 21.8min; 3
5h 27.3min 2
1 x

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
EXERCISE 41 2
3
1 x 2 2 x > 5 3 y > 4 4 y3 4
5
5 y 2 6 x > 3 7 x + y 6 8 x + 2y < 8 6
7
9 y 8
9

14 y
5 11
10
9
8
xx 7
6
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5
4
3
2
5 1 x

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
2
3
4
5
10 y 6
7

5

x
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

12
15 11 y 13 14 15
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2 16 17 18
1 x

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
2
3
4
5
6
7
19 20
16 11 y
10
9
8
7
6
5

Mathematics A Student Book 1

4
3
2
1 x

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 EXERCISE 42*
2
3 1 3 x < 4 2 y < 2 or y 5
4
5 3 2y + x 10 or 2y + x 4 4 2 2x y 2
6
7 5 4x + 3y 12, y 0 and y < 2x + 4
3x 3x
6 y > ___ 3, y 0 and y ___ 3
4 2
3x 2x
EXERCISE 41* 7 x 0, y 0, y < ___ + 9 and y ___ + 6
2 3
1 y > 2 2 x 3 3 2x + y 6 4 x + 3y < 12 8 y 0, y x + 2, y 2x 2 and y 18 2x
5 yx<4 6 y 2x 2 7 2y + x 4 8 3y + x > 9 9 10 11
9 10 11 y y = 12 x + 4
y
y = 2x
y = 2x + 2
x + 2y = 4
y + 2x = 4
1 y = 6 2x
2y = x
x x
y + 2x = 1
x
12 13 14 y
12 5xx + 2y = 4

3xx + 4y = 12

x
15 16
13 b y < x + 2, y < 2x + 2 and 2y + x > 2 c y = 1
14 b 2y < x + 5, y > 2x 2 and 2y > 5 5x c x=1
15 16

INVESTIGATE
The resultant graph would be very confusing.

EXERCISE 42 17
1 2<x<5 2 1 < x 1 3 2 < y 3
4 3<y<8 5 x 4 or x 3 6 x > 6 or x < 1
7 y 9 or y < 3 8 y 4 or y < 2
9 x + y > 3 and x y 2 10 x + 2y 6 and 2x y 2
11 y < x + 3, 2y + x 6 and y 0 12 x + y < 6, x 2y 4 and x 0
4, 10; 4, 11; 5, 8; 5, 9; 5, 10; 6, 7; 6, 8; 6, 9; 7, 7; 7, 8 and all negative
pairs with xy 36
18 Above the line.

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

13
 REVISION EXERCISE 43 13 x = 27.5 cm, y = 9.26cm
1 (2, 1) 2 (4, 3) 3 (1, 3) 4 (2, 2) 14 a 8.82 m b 6.350 km/h
5 A: y > 2x, 2y + x > 6 B: y < 2x, 2y + x > 6 15 BX = 2.66m, BC = 4.00m 16 6.88cm
C: y < 2x, 2y + x < 6 D: y > 2x, 2y + x < 6
6 A: y > 4, y > 2x 4 B: y > 4, y < 2x 4 EXERCISE 45
C: y < 4, y < 2x 4 D: y < 4, y > 2x 4 1 45 2 30 3 15 4 60.0 5 70.0
7 y
y=x+1 8 y 6 75.0 7 45 8 60 9 75 10 36.9
6 y=5x
11 37.9 12 32.0 13 28.2 14 56.7 15 27.1
5 16 a = 27.2, b = 62.8 17 23.4 18 15
y=6x
3 y = 12 x + 3
1
x
EXERCISE 45*
1 6 x 5
1 a = 69, b = 138 2 113 3 60
4 15 5 160
6 a 125 b 305
REVISION EXERCISE 43*
7 a 080.5 b 260.5 c 108.4 d 236.3
1 (2.29, 2.14) 2 (2.31, 3.23) 3 (1.6, 1.2) 4 (1.4, 0.8)
8 13.9 9 101
y < 3x + 2, y < 7 2x and 2y > x 1
Mathematics A Student Book 1

5
10
6 A: y > 2x + 2, 4y + 3x + 12 > 0 B: y < 2x + 2, 4y + 3x + 12 > 0
C: y < 2x + 2, 4y + 3x + 12 < 0 D: y > 2x + 2, 4y + 3x + 12 < 0
7 {y 3 and 2x + y 6} 8 y + 2x + 4 = 0 y
y = 12 x + 3
3
11 D
y = 3x 4
2 x

4 h

60
B 30
A x 50 C
__

SHAPE AND SPACE 2 h

From ABD x = _______ = ___
tan 60 3
h__

h3
= ____ 
3
__
h
ACTIVITY 10 From ACD 50 + x = _______ = h3 
tan 30
o
__ __
0.6 for X, Y, Z h3 __
a Sub  into  gives 50 + ____ = h3
3 __
__ h3
____
INVESTIGATE 50 = h3
__ 3
23
50 = _____ h
x 0 15 30 45 60 75 89 90 3
3
tan x 0 0.268 0.577 1 1.73 3.73 57.3 h = 25 ___ __
3

__
tan 89 is large because the opposite side becomes much larger compared h = 253

with the adjacent side as the angle approaches 90.

REVISION EXERCISE 46
1 7.00 2 6.71 3 6.99 4 11.0 5 8.57
EXERCISE 44
6 6.93 7 59.0 8 32.5 9 58.0 10 5.19cm2
1 x: hyp, y: opp, z: adj 2 x: hyp, y: adj, z: opp 3 x: opp, y: adj, z: hyp
3 4 5 11 30
4 __ 5 __ 6 ___ 7 5.8
4 3 12
8 75 9 87 10 16 11 100 REVISION EXERCISE 46*
12 100 13 6.66cm 14 7.14cm 15 8.20cm 1 549m
16 4.04cm 17 11.3cm 18 2.58cm 19 87.5m 2 a 063.4 b 243
20 87m 21 100m2 3 a 1.01m
b Undesirable
__
to have too large a blind distance.
EXERCISE 44* 4 Area = x2 3

__
1 14.4cm 2 3.99m 3 x = 200 cm 4 173cm 5 tan 30 = 3
, tan 45 = 1
5 8.46m 6 10.4m 7 100m 8 37.3m
9 22.4m 10 x = 8.40 cm, y = 4.85cm 3 1) (25 1) = 25 3 25
(25
______
__


__

11 x = 10.9 cm, y = 6.42cm __

= 25(3
1)
12 x = 7.28 cm, y = 4.27cm

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

14
 HANDLING DATA 2 EXERCISE 47*
1 Mean = 48.9s, median = 45s.
EXERCISE 47 2 Mean = 1.60m, median = 1.59m.
1 3 Mean 92, median 91, mode 91; therefore either median or mode.
Score Frequency
4 Mean 4.9, median 5, mode 8; therefore the mode.
1 |||| |||| 9 5 10.5 years
2 |||| |||| 10 6 a 49.8% b 59.8%
3 |||| || 7 7 For example: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 16; mean = 5.2
4 |||| 5 8 For example: 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2; mean = 1.875
5 |||| 4
6 |||| 5 EXERCISE 48
1 flour = 96, almonds = 60, caster sugar = 48, semolina = 48,
Total = 40
butter = 108
The die appears to be biased towards 1,2 but the sample is too small to be 2 walk = 204, cycle = 32, car = 20, bus = 56, train = 48; 29%
sure. 3 Frequencies: 9, 10, 7, 5, 4, 5
2 Appointments Frequency 12

Mathematics A Student Book 1

0 ||| 3 10

8
1 0
6
2 | 1
4
3 || 2
2
4 || 2
0
5 ||| 3 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 ||| 3 4 a 10
7 |||| 5 8
8 || 2 6
boys
Total = 21 4

Median = 5, mode = 7. 2

3 Weight in kg Frequency
0
13035 13540 14045 14550 15055 15560
1.0 w 1.5 || 2 5 a and b 10
1.5 w 2.0 |||| 5 8

2.0 w 2.5 |||| |||| 9 6 girls

|||| |||| || 12 4 boys

2.5 w 3.0
3.0 w 3.5 |||| |||| 9 2

0
3.5 w 4.0 |||| ||| 8 13035 13540 14045 14550 15055 15560

4.0 w 4.5 |||| 4 c Both normally distributed with boys being generally taller than girls.
4.5 w 5.0 | 1 6 a 20
Total = 50 15
girls
14 10
___of the babies weigh less than 3kg. boys
25
5
4 Weight in g Frequency
0
54.0 w 55.0 || 2
cs

ng

ey

do

s
ni
Gy
bi

ck
bi

Ju

n
ro

Te
Ho
im

55.0 w 56.0 |||| ||| 8

Ae

Cl

56.0 w 57.0 |||| |||| | 11 7 7; 6.1 8 26

57.0 w 58.0 |||| |||| | 11
58.0 w 59.0 ||| 3
EXERCISE 48*
1 mean = 13.8, median = 13, mode = 17; mode much higher than mean
Total = 35
or median.
55g is a minimum weight. 2 a mean = 2.6; median = 2
mean median mode 2 b Children might not fill in details with accuracy or truth. Better to ask
5 10 12 14 parents to fill in questionnaire.
6 1.46 1.4 0.8 3 720 pupils 4 68% 5 14min 41s
7 15 16 4
8 1.25 1.0

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

15
 REVISION EXERCISE 49 EXAMINATION PRACTICE 2
1 Frequencies are Grade E = 5, Grade D = 9, Grade C = 11, Grade B = 21,
Grade A = 14 1 1
2, 3 25
2 Japan 200, France 225, Greece 250; so buy it in Japan!
3 a k5 b p4 c 3m d y6
20
4 a 1.28 109km b 71min
Frequency

15
5 t = 2min 39s
10 6 a 5.24 1012m b 9.5 1015m c 5.5 104 light years
5 7 x = 3, y = 5 8 20
0
E D C B A 15
Grade a
10
4 Angles Grade E = 30, Grade D = 54, Grade C = 66, Grade B = 126, b

Grade A = 84 5
5 43.5 6 43 0
05 510 1015 1520 2025 2530

REVISION EXERCISE 49* 9

Mathematics A Student Book 1

1 30
2 mean = 2.5, median = 2.5, mode = 1
3 mean = 15min 55s, median = 14min
4 015 8
1630 5

3145 3 10 a 15 b 9 c 10
4660 6 11 2.5cm
6175 3 12 a 4000 b 120
13 a 9.01cm b 37.8cm2
7690 5
14 73.7
5 Sector angles = 015 = 96, 1630 = 60, 3145 = 36, 15 a 51.3 b 28.9m, 8.9m c 68.2
4660 = 72, 6175 = 36, 7690 = 60 16 a 1.28 b 1 c 0.9
6 015

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

16
Unit 3 to country A will become cheaper and therefore more competitive.
Therefore in an inflationary period there is a tendency for imports to increase
and unemployment to rise as the country becomes less competitive. Pupils
NUMBER 3 should illustrate this scenario by taking two different inflation rates, one
in each country, and investigate what happens to the cost of imports and
ACTIVITY 11 exports after a number of years. Graphs should be drawn to illustrate their
120 1.08 = 129.60; 120 0.92 = 110.40
findings.
To increase by (%) 100% Multiply by
15 115% 1.15 EXERCISE 50
70 170% 1.70 1 a 1.1 b 1.2 c 1.30 d 1.01 e 1.15
56 156% 1.56 f 1.25
2 102% 1.02 2 a 0.90 b 0.95 c 0.85 d 0.97 e 0.87
8 108% 1.08 f 0.75
80 180% 1.80 3 $440 4 $480 5 $520 6 202km
7 230km 8 250km 9 270 10 285
To decrease by (%) 100% Multiply by 11 255 12 485 13 435 14 375

Mathematics A Student Book 1

15 85% 0.85 15 by 1.03 1.04
70 30% 0.30 16 by 0.92 0.93 17 660 pupils
20 80% 0.8 18 262g 19 by (1.04)5 20 by (1.09)6
2 98% 0.98 21 675 22 $795 23 $98 415, $804 262.23
8 92% 0.92 24 $29 531.25, $5255.93
80 20% 0.20
EXERCISE 50*
ACTIVITY 12 1 a 1.125 b 1.04 c 1.05
Bread: 2 a 0.804 b 0.90 c 0.80
Time (years) 10% 20% 30% 40% 3 90km 4 804kg 5 $437 6 288
3 1.13 1.47 1.87 2.33 7 Result is a multiplying factor of 1.2 0.8 = 0.96, that is 4% decrease.
You do not get back to the original quantity because the 80% reduction
6 1.51 2.54 4.10 6.40
is applied to the increased value.
9 2.00 4.39 9.01 17.6
8 Result is a multiplying factor of 0.8 1.2 = 0.96
12 2.67 7.58 19.8 48.2
9 808 10 $1224 11 10 100, 20 200, 40 700
15 3.55 13.1 43.5 132
12 8870, 3940, 1750 13 $4.39 million
14 9410, 4430, 2080, 979 15 SF22800
16 480 000 17 P = $614 18 P = $621 19 R = 12.7%
20 R = 9.65% 21 n = 14.2 years 22 n = 7.27 years
23 How much slower, as a percentage, the womens record is:

1965 1975 1985 1995 2005

100m 11.6% 11.3% 8.4% 6.6% 7.4%
1500m 20.1% 13.8% 10.8% 10.4% 11.9%

Since 1965 there have been more women participating in athletics, the
Fivefold increase: 40% 4.8 years (2 s.f.), media have given more attention to womens athletics and there has
30% 6.1 years (2 s.f.), 20% 8.8 years (2 s.f.), been more money in the sport.
10% 17 years (2 s.f.)
Car: 13.5 years EXERCISE 51
1 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 2 12, 24, 36, 48, 60
INVESTIGATE 3 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 4 22, 44, 66, 88, 110
Peru: When R = 6000, the multiplying factor becomes 61. Therefore all 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 6 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
prices are likely to increase by a factor of 61 times in a year. Using 7 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30 8 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32
this figure, the cost of an item, after a chosen number of years, 9 2 2 7 10 2 5 7
could be worked out. 11 2 2 3 5 12 222223
If M% is the inflation rate per month and Y% is the inflation rate per year, 13 Yes 14 Yes
then 15 2 3 5 7 16 2 3 5 13
(
Y = 100 1 + M )
12
1 17 2 2 2 11 18 2 5 7 11
100
19 Divisible by 7 20 Divisible by 3
If the rate of inflation in country A is higher than the rate of inflation in
country B, then exports from country A to country B will become more
expensive and therefore less competitive. Conversely, exports from country B

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

17
 EXERCISE 51* 9 0.956 10 0.296 11 15.2 12 2.49
1 No 2 Yes 3 3, 7, 19 4 5, 11, 13 13 0.103 14 10900 15 0.0454 16 0.00621
5 3, 7, 11 6 3, 11, 13 7 11 8 13 17 3.60 18 4490 19 a2 + b2 (a + b)2
1
9 1, 3, 5, 15, 25, 75 10 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 40 20 6 3 = 0.0278
6
11 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 27, 54 12 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48
13 3 5 11 14 3 5 7 11 REVISION EXERCISE 54
15 3 7 19 16 5 11 13 1 1.15 2 0.95 3 $35.20
17 59, 61 18 168 4 ... by (1.07)5
19 23 32 7 20 25 52 21 24 32 7 5 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47
22 210 6 5, 11 7 2, 5, 7 8 2, 3, 5
9 168 = 7 24 10 175 7 = 25 11 2
EXERCISE 52 12 3 13 10 14 15 15 12
1 2 2 3 3 5 4 6 5 22 16 18 17 42.6 18 50.4 19 9.56
6 6 7 6 8 12 9 30 10 12 20 3.71 21 1.09 22 583
11 30 12 60 13 2x
14 3a 15 4y2 23 960, 1400, 2060 24 4440, 1970, 874
3 3 25 50%
16 xy 17 6ab 18 12xy 19 20
Mathematics A Student Book 1

4 4
4 1 1 3 3
21 22 5 23 2 24 25 REVISION EXERCISE 54*
7 4 16
1 406kg 2 497.5km 3 47, 53, 59, 61, 67
6 1 5 7 7
26 27 5 28 7 29 30 4 22 5 17 5 24 7 6 23 33
11 24 36
17 4 11 13 7 7 777 8 666 18 = 37 9 28
31 32 33 34 35 10 3x 11 3a2 12 210 13 12x2y
140 5 30 36 12
13 14 30a2b 15 0.914 16 5.89 17 0.0851
36
60 18 280 19 1.02 20 1.49 21 2590
22 86 billion
EXERCISE 52*
1 HCF = 6 2 HCF = 15 3 HCF = 15 4 HCF = 14
LCM = 36 LCM = 225 LCM = 210 LCM = 210 ALGEBRA 3
5 HCF = y 6 HCF = b 7 HCF = 2xy 8 HCF = 5ab
LCM = 6xyz LCM = 35abc LCM = 12xy LCM = 30ab EXERCISE 55
9 HCF = xy 10 HCF = ab 11 HCF = xy 12 HCF = ab2c 1 x(x + 3) 2 x(x + 5) 3 x(x 4)
LCM = x2yz LCM = a2b2 LCM = x3y4 LCM = a2b3c2 4 x(x 7) 5 5(a 2b) 6 7(3a b)
13 HCF = 3xyz 14 HCF = 4ab2c2 7 x(y z) 8 c(b 2d) 9 2x(x + 2)
LCM = 18x y z LCM = 24a2b3c3
2 2 2 10 3x(x + 2) 11 3x(x 6) 12 4x(x 2)
13 31 13 31 93
13 ax(x a) 14 a2x2(1 + ax) 15 3xy(2x 7)
15 16 17 18 19 16 7ab(4b 3a) 17 3pq(3p + 2) 18 2ab(2b2 + 3a)
24 36 36 225 140
109 29 4 19 a(p + q r) 20 a(x + y + x2)
20 21 22
210 72 15
EXERCISE 55*
ACTIVITY 13 1 5x3(1 + 3x) 2 9a2(3a2 + 1) 3 3x2 (x 6)
abc 7 11 13 = abcabc (because 7 11 13 = 1001) 4 6p4(4 p) 5 3x2y2(3x 4y2) 6 8xy(y2 3x2)
7 x(x2 3x 3) 8 a(5a + a2 5) 9 ab(c2 b + ac)
ACTIVITY 14 10 ab2c(a2 + ac c2) 11 4pq(pqr2 3r + 4q) 12 3ab(3b + 5c 4a)
710.77345, SHELL OIL; 710.0553, ESSO OIL 13 3x(10x2 + 4y 7z) 14 4a(6b2 4ac + 5ab2)
15 0.1h(2h + g 3g2h) 16 0.7a2b(b2 3ab + 2)
xy(2x2 4 y + xy) pq 2 (6 + p 2 q 2 p )
EXERCISE 53 17
16
18
18
1 6.96 2 17.3 3 3.35 4 6.61 5 6.96 1 2
19 pr(r + 2h) 20 pr (2r + h) 21 4pqr(4pr2 7 5p2q)
6 17.3 7 3.35 8 6.61 9 134 10 9.59 3
22 8abc(3bc2 + 4a2b 6)
11 0.384 12 0.495 13 12.9 14 2.61 15 16.1
23 (a + b)(x + y) 24 (a + b)3 25 (x y)2(1 x + y)
16 0.371 17 2.58 18 6.83 19 14.6 20 14.3
26 x2(x + 3)(x + 5)
21 2.69 22 1.87 23 7.16 24 10.2 25 11.3
26 1.31 27 1.22 28 2.49 29 625 30 1024
31 191 32 3.58 33 191 34 3.58 35 245000
EXERCISE 56
(x + y ) (a b)
1 x + 1 2 1 a2 3 4
36 51400 37 1.75 1010 38 5.71 1011 z c
(a b) (x + y )
5 2 6 5 7 8
b y
EXERCISE 53*
t a x a
1 3.43 2 3.49 3 0.00580 4 0.00192 9 10 11 12
r z z c
5 1.01 6 10.1 7 12.4 8 10.2

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

18
EXERCISE 56* EXERCISE 60
1 2 1 (2, 5) 2 (4, 1) 3 (5, 1) 4 (16, 3)
1 x + y 2 3a + b 3 4
z +1 m2 5 (1, 3) 6 (2, 1) 7 (5, 1) 8 (3, 2)
2 1 9 (2, 1) 10 (1, 2)
5 2 + 3x2 6 a 3a2 7 (x 3y2) 8 (3y + x2)
3 2
2x
9 y 10 a 11 12 2y EXERCISE 60*
z
1 b 3x 1 (3, 1) 2 (4, 2) 3 (1, 2) 4 (4, 3)
13 1 14 15 16
y a 2y 5 (0.4, 2.6) 6 (1, 1) 7 (7, 3) 8 (4, 1)
1 1 9 (0.5, 0.75) 10 (0.2, 0.6) 11 (4, 6) 12 (5, 4)
17 5 18 19 x 20
3 y 13 (0.6, 0.8) 14 (0.6, 0.2) 15 (0.4, 0.5) 16 (4, 6)

EXERCISE 57 EXERCISE 61
1 x = 8 2 x = 6 3 x = 10 4 x = 21 1 x = 3, y = 1 2 x = 2, y = 1 3 x = 1, y = 4
5 x = 2 6 x = 10 7 x = 0 8 x=0 4 x = 2, y = 4 5 x = 1, y = 6 6 x = 2, y = 5
9 x = 6 10 x = 10 11 x = 5 12 x=7 7 x = 1, y = 2 8 x = 2, y = 2 9 x = 3, y = 1
13 x = 4 14 x = 5 15 x = 6 16 x = 15 10 x = 2, y = 2

Mathematics A Student Book 1

17 x = 14 18 x = 10 19 x = 3 20 x=7
1
21 x = 0 22 x = 0 23 x = 10 24 x = 37 2
EXERCISE 61*
25 6km 26 90cm
1 x = 1, y = 2 2 x = 1, y = 2 3 x = 4, y = 1
4 x = 3, y = 1 5 x = 2, y = 1 6 x = 5, y = 3
EXERCISE 57* 7 x = 1, y = 2 8 x = 4, y = 5 9 x = 3, y =
1
3 5 2
1 x = 9 2 x = 5 3 x= 4 x= 10 x = 2, y = 1
5 6
5 x = 9 6 x = 10 7 x = 6 8 x=3
1 EXERCISE 62
9 x = 0 10 x = 0 11 x = 12 x = 4
9 1 29, 83 2 43, 84 3 12, 16 4 20, 28
13 x = 3 14 x = 1 15 x = 1 16 x = 5.6 5 9, 4 6 5, 7 7 x = 2, y = 3, area = 180
5 5 8 x = 4, y = 2, perimeter = 42 9 Burger 99p, cola 49p
17 x = 18 x = 19 x = 7 20 x = 10
13 8 10 Dodgems 1.50, Big Wheel 90p 11 27 @ 20p, 12 @ 50p
21 84 years 22 60km, 3 hours 12 420 13 11 14 39

EXERCISE 58 EXERCISE 62*

1 x = 2 2 x = 7 3 x = 3 4 x = 5 1 (2, 3) 2
(1.5, 2) 3 m = 2, c = 1
3 2 12 14
5 x= 6 x = 7 x = 8 8 x = 15 4 m = 1, c = 3 5
6
5 7 17 23
9 x = 10 10 x = 16 11 x = 2.4 12 x = 10.5 7 1.5ms1 8 16 9 7.5km 10 150km
11 37 12 84 13 50m
13 x = 50 14 x = 30 15 x = 25 16 x = 6
14 Urban 63km, Motorway 105km, total 168km.
5 6
17 x = 18 x = 19 x = 3 20 x = 5
3 7
REVISION EXERCISE 63
EXERCISE 58* 1 x(x 8) 2 3x(x + 4) 6xy(y 5x)
3
1 x = 4 2 x = 5 3 x = 8 4 x = 2 (x + y)
1 1 4 3x(4x + 3x 5)
2
5 x 1 6 ______

5 x = 6 x = 7 x = 64 8 x = 121 (x y)
6 20 7 x = 4 8 x = 6 9 x = 4
9 x = 4 10 x = 6 11 x = 8 12 x = 9 10 n = 2 11 24 12 (1, 3)
13 x = 2 14 x = 3 15 x = 0.32 16 x = 0.14 13 (0, 3) 14 (2, 2) 15 (1, 3)
5 7 (a + b) (b a) 16 CD 7.50, Tape 3.50 17 19 @ 10p, 11 @ 20p
17 x = 18 x = 19 x = ______
20 x = ______

6 12 ab ab

EXERCISE 59 REVISION EXERCISE 63*

2 2
1 (5, 3) 2 (1, 1) 3 (3, 2) 4 (2, 1) 1 3x3 (x 4) 2 pr (2r +1) 3 6x2y(4xy 3)
3
5 (1, 2) 6 (1, 3) 7 (1, 1) 8 (2, 1) 4 3a2b2c2 (5b 3a + 7c)
9 (1, 1) 10 (1, 2) x 1
5 6 x 7 x=
y 3
1
EXERCISE 59* 8 x = 4 9 x = 6 10 x =
1 2
1 (8, 3) 2 (2, 1) 3 (4, 5) 4 (3, ) 11 70 years 12 (2, 3) 13 (4, 1)
2
1
5 (1, 5) 6 (8, 5) 7 (0, 2) 8 (7, 0) 14 (4, 1.5) 15 (3 , 2)
3
9 (1, 5) 10 (1, 1) 3 2
16 a = ,b= 17 Mike is 38, Ben is 14
11 11

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

19
 GRAPHS 3 3
4
a 2m/s2
a 30m/s
b 1m/s2
b 10s
c 8000m
c 570 approx
d 50m/s

EXERCISE 64 d 23m/s approx

1 a 65km/h b 50km/h c 12:00 d 72.5km
e 11:08 approx
EXERCISE 65*
2 a 09:30 for half an hour b 09:00 and 10:54
1 a
c 20 miles d 80 mph yes! e 53.3 mph f 53.3 mph
3 a b 14:00

b 0.6m/s2 c 0.5m/s2 d 4.43m/s (3 s.f.)

2 a S = 120m/s b 9600m c 80m/s
4 a 3 a t = 10s, so distance = 1900m b 3m/s2
c 47.5m/s
Mathematics A Student Book 1

4 a

b Li at 10:20, Jacki at 10:30

c 09:20, 09:3509:40, 09:57 b Dead heat
d Li: 18.5km/h, Jacki: 15km/h c 6.67m/s (to 3 s.f.) for both runners
d 400m
e (i) Sasha reaches 100m after 15.5s. Kim reaches 100m after
EXERCISE 64*
14.5s. Kim is in the lead at 100m.
1 a b c d
(ii) Sasha reaches 300m after 40.5s. Kim reaches 300m after
39.5s. Kim is in the lead at 300m.
5 Bee cannot have two speeds, or be at two different distances at any given
time.

2 REVISION EXERCISE 66
1
1 a 20min b 10:00 c 10km/h d 3__km
3
2 a 0.4m/s b 10min c 0.2m/s
3

3 a (i) B & C joint 1st, A 2nd

(ii) C 1st, B 2nd, A 3rd
(iii) A 1st, B 2nd, C 3rd
b 28.5s c B d (i) A (ii) C 2 4 1
a ___ m/s2 b 0m/s2 c ___m/s2 d 3__m/s
15 15 7
4 a 400m b 975m c 9.75m/s d 0.4m/s2
4 a b 09:47

REVISION EXERCISE 66*

1 b Elisa home at 12:00, Albert home at 12:00
c Elisa 1.48m/s, Albert 2.22m/s
2 a 50m/s b 0.5s at 30m/s approx
2
3 a False; it is constant at __m/s2 b True
c A: 48km/h, : 80km/h d A: 57km/h, B: 67km/h 3
c True d False; it is 72km/h
2
4 a 44m b __m/s2 c 4.4 m/s
3
EXERCISE 65
1 a 2 m/s2 b 4 m/s2 c 150m d 10m/s
2 a 3.5km/h2 b 7km/h2 c 10.5km d 3.5km/h

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

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 shape and space 3 EXERCISE 69
1 x = 5 2 x = 8.66 3 x = 8.66 4 x = 1.29
ACTIVITY 15 5 x = 5.18 6 x = 49.2 7 a = 30 8 a = 60
9 a = 60 10 a = 30 11 9.24 12 5.45
Triangle Opposite Adjacent Hypotenuse 13 32.2 14 18.4 15 49.7 16 60.9
P 15mm 27mm 30mm 17 1.38cm 18 19.4cm 19 41.6 20 10.4m
Q 25mm 43mm 50mm 21 62.3 22 42.9 23 250m 24 10
25 5.47km 26 63.6
R 19mm 33mm 38mm

EXERCISE 69*
d 0 15 30 45 60 75 90
1 x = 18 2 x = 22 3 x = 100 4 x = 10
sin d 0 0.259 0.5 0.707 0.866 0.966 1 5 x = 20 6 x = 200 7 a = 45 8 a = 10
cos d 1 0.966 0.866 0.707 0.5 0.259 0 9 a = 30 10 a = 30, x = 8.7, y = 2.5
11 a 4.66km N b 17.4km W
EXERCISE 67 12 a 195m b 442m
1 2.46 2 4.59 3 5.07 4 8.83 5 8.09 13 H = 22.2m 14 d = 611m 15 7.99km 16 1.5m

Mathematics A Student Book 1

6 14.3 7 9.44cm 8 7.83cm 9 8.76cm 10 18.2cm
11 10.1m 12 9.98m 13 1.61m 14 67.6m INVESTIGATE
Prove that h = x(1 cos a) and superimpose the three graphs for x = 2, x = 3
EXERCISE 67* and x = 10 (metres).
1 6.57cm 2 6.60cm Range for a is 090.
3 a 2.5m b 4.33m c 20.6m2 d 31.7 The three parabolas all go through the origin and exist for 0 a 90. The
4 6.93m2 steepest is for x = 10, second steepest for x = 3 and third steepest for x = 2.
5 a 107m b 79.5m This does make sense when compared with the motion of a swing.
6 155m 7 5.88cm 8 452m
REVISION EXERCISE 70
ACTIVITY 16 1 x = 14.1cm, d = 70.5 2 x = 7.87m, d = 10.2
3 x = 16.8km, d = 39.9 4 x = 11.7cm, d = 31.2
sin d 0 0.259 0.5 0.866 0.966 1
5 x = 2.38m, d = 4.62 6 x = 14.3km, d = 79
d 0 15 30 60 75 90
7 43.3cm2 8 33.7
cos b 1 0.966 0.866 0.5 0.259 0
9 a 0.5 b f = 30
b 0 15 30 60 75 90 10 a 20.5m b 19.1m c 20.7m

EXERCISE 68 REVISION EXERCISE 70*

1 48.6 2 41.4 3 46.1 4 71.2 5 19.5 1 Ascends in 3min 52s, so reaches surface with 8 seconds to spare.
6 80.1 7 78.9 8 23.6 9 1.72 10 70.5 2 a 17.2km, 284 b 18:11:10
3 3.56m
EXERCISE 68* 4 a 16.2m b 16.2s c 432m
1 37.8 2 37.6 3 58.6 4 29.6 5 57.3 5 p = 25
6 29.0 7 014.9; 194.9 8 72.7 9 33.6 6 q=5
10 57.3

INVESTIGATE HANDLING DATA 3

(sin x) + (cos x) = 1
2 2
ACTIVITY 17
( ) ( )
__
b2
2 + __
a
c2
2 = 1
a Swimmers times: exact group boundaries 55 t < 60 etc.; width = 5;

( ) b2 + c2 mid-points are 57.5, 62.5, 67.5, 72.5

______
= 1
a2 Earthworm lengths: exact group boundaries 2.5 l < 5.5 etc.; width = 3;

mid-points are 4, 7, 10, 13
b2 + c2 = a2 (Pythagoras theorem)
b c Noon temperatures: exact group boundaries 0 t < 8 etc.; width = 8;
sin x = __, cos x = __
a a
mid-points are 4, 12, 20, 28
sin x __b __c __b __a __b
_____
= = = sin x\cos x = tan x.

cos x a a a c c Babies weights: exact group boundaries 1 w < 2 etc.; width = 1;
1 3 1 mid-points are 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5
sin 30 = cos 30 = tan 30 =
2 2 3
Childrens ages: exact group boundaries 2 y < 4 etc.; width = 2;
3 1
sin 60 = cos 60 = tan 60 = 3 mid-points are 3, 5, 7, 9
2 2

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

21
 EXERCISE 71 REVISION EXERCISE 72*
1 1670cc
1 a b 2.9 c 2.5
Scores Frequency 2 b 2165min = 36h 5min c 31min 23s
1 7 d 69min 50s e $12.32
2 8
3 5
examination practice 3
4 4
5 3 1 a 3375 b 2 105 c 2 d 2
2 a (i) 3 (ii) 12
6 3
b (i) 24 (ii) 144
2 a b 5.2 c 5 3 a (i) x = 6 (ii) x = 12
Scores Frequency
1 4 b (i) x(x + 7) (ii) xy(x + 2y + 3)
4 a
2 8
3 6
Mathematics A Student Book 1

4 5
5 4

6 3
b (i) 675m (ii) 1.5 m/s2
3 a 50 b 1.44 c 1 (iii) 0.75 m/s2 (iv) 40.5km/h
4 a 80 b 1.8 c 1 5 177cm
5 a 30 b 1.3 c 2 6 a 4.68 b 67.4 c 322 d 75.2
6 a 80 b 2.40 c 40% 7 a Gain of 275 b 29.9% c 2.36 approx
7 a 35 b 167.5 c 184.5cm 7
8 a (i) x = 5.5 (ii) x = __
8 a 60 b 15 c 85min 9
b (i) 5x y (2x 3y)
2 2
(ii) 4xyz(3yz2 + 4x2y 6)
c x = 2; 4 by 4 and 2 by 8
EXERCISE 71* 9 a 3358ft b 4.6%
1 2.9kg 2 197cm 3 16min 4 91.5s 10 a 9.8m/s b 35.3km/h c 11.2m/s d 2.2m/s2
5 24.65years = 27years 8 months 11 a x = 2, y = 5 b x = 3, y = 1
6 17.92min = 17min 55s 7 26.1 8 25.1 12 a 4.91m b 0.382m
13 a 8.7cm b 3.7cm c 5cm d 12.5cm2
REVISION EXERCISE 72 14 a 6.24km b (i) 51.3 (ii) 321.3 (iii) 141.3
1 a b $11.75 c $12 15 a (i) 4880km (ii) 4090km (iii) 38200km (iv) 123
Scores Frequency b Tangent is perpendicular to radius. Therefore the smallest possible value
9 3 of angle ODS is 90, since a smaller value would mean that the signal
10 4 would pass back into Earth before reaching Delhi.
c 77000km
11 4
d 0.257s
12 5
13 10
14 2

2 a 12.0 b 600

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

22
Unit 4 9
13
200
4 103
10
14
600
2 105
11
15
6 107
2.3 104
12
16
1.2 109
7.2 104
17 8.7 104 18 7.7 106 19 5 102 20 9 102
NUMBER 4 21 2 106 22 3 106 23 1 102 24 2 102
25 7 106 26 3 105 27 4 106 28 9 107
EXERCISE 73 29 8 102 30 9 103
1 $442 2 $920 3 100% 4 200%
5 $40 6 $30 7 $60 8 $40 EXERCISE 75*
9 13.3% 10 16.7% 11 76.20 12 408 1 4 2 1250 3 8 4 80
13 74.10 14 25100 15 $2430 16 12% 5 600cm2 6 10cm 7 100cm2 8 68cm2
17 7% 18 0.559% 9 1.2 109 10 2.4 103 11 2 103 12 5 103
13 7.06 108 14 2.73 103 15 50000 16 2000
EXERCISE 73* 17 0.2 18 0.005 19 0.06 20 8000
1 $44 2 $23 3 $180000 4 $3.50 21 $6000000 22 10000 23 2 106 24 2 102
5 $60 6 $400 7 11.1% 8 62.5 cm 25 3 101 26 2 106 27 2 107 28 7 105
9 73000 10 0.997% 11 34.4% 12 20% 29 1 103 30 2 101

Mathematics A Student Book 1

13 463 14 200% 15 400%
16 a $2.98, $4.04, $5.25, $5.32, $6.92 REVISION EXERCISE 76
100
b Original price = selling price 1 1.15 2 0.95 3 $150 4 $1200
114
17 14.5% 18 116% 19 3400 5 4 6 600cm2 7 5 1010 8 2 104
9 4 105 10 9 102 11 33.5 and 34.4
12 Max = 84ml; min = 75ml 13 Max = 17.24; min = 17.15
EXERCISE 74
14 Max = 18906.25m2; min = 17556.25m2
1 230m (to 10m): 235m; 225m; (230 5)m
2 70kg (to 10kg): 75kg; 65kg; (70 5)kg
3 74F (to 1F): 74.5F; 73.5F; (74 0.5)F REVISION EXERCISE 76*
4 19m2 (to 1m2): 19.5m2; 18.5m2; (19 0.5)m2 1 406kg 2 497.5km 3 $1125 4 $800
1
5 3.4 and 3.6 6 12.1 and 13.1 7 5.59 and 5.61 5 95.3% 6 $8200 7 33__ 8 343cm2
3
8 10.15 and 10.25 9 4.7 and 5.1 10 12.6 and 13.2 9 5 103 10 4 107 11 2 102 12 3 106
11 6.49 and 6.51 12 13.15 and 13.25 13 2.6 0.1 13 3.3 0.05 14 a 6.834 b 6.825
14 12.25 0.05 15 21.35 0.05 16 8.2 0.05 15 Max radius = 3.8cm, min circumference = 24cm
17 2.2 0.1 18 12.8 0.1 19 46.35 0.05 16 a 10.4m b 9.65m
20 9.4 0.05

EXERCISE 74* ALGEBRA 4

1 5.5 and 6.5; 16.5 and 17.5; 122.5 and 123.5
2 6.5 and 7.5; 35 and 45; 650 and 750 EXERCISE 77
3 2.25 and 2.75; 14.25 and 14.75; 145.75 and 146.25 1 a 2 2 b 4 3 5 + p 3+a 4
4 45 and 55; 225 and 235; 4555 and 4565 b q
5 c a 6 p + q 7 8
5 7
5 0.1 and 0.3; 7.5 and 7.7; 12.3 and 12.5
(b a ) (q + p) (t s ) (d f )
6 0.335 and 0.344; 7.225 and 7.234; 12.885 and 12.894 9 10 11 12

3 4 2 3
7 42.5kg and 43.4kg (4 b ) (3 + q ) ( f + g) (a c)
13 14 15 16
8 $2.15 107 and $2.24 107 a p e b
9 Max length = 18.3cm, min length = 17.9cm c q (d 8b ) (5q s )
17 18 19 20
Min difference = 6.7cm (a + b) (r s ) c r
( a 3b ) (d 2 f ) (c ab ) ( f + hk )
10 Max perimeter = 38m, min perimeter = 34m 21 22 23 24
3 2 a h
Max area = 89.25m2, min area = 71.25m2 qr cd
11 p(max) = 1.82, p(min) = 1.40 25 ab 26 qr 27 p 28 b
12 w(max) = 4.98, w(min) = 4.02 29 r(p + q) 30 a(c b) 31 cd + b 32 qr p
13 Radius = 1.54cm, circumference = 9.61cm
14 Amax = 33.6 cm2; dmin = 8.18 cm
EXERCISE 77*
c b d+p
activity 18 1 x= 2 x = 3 x = cd + b 4 x = Qa b
a a
Pupils own estimates. These estimates should be checked against actual cd Pd e f
5 x = 6 x = 7 x = c 8 x = +s
measurements. b b a e
P b 2
Td 2
9 x = 10 x = a(e + b2) 11 x = 12 x = ac + b2
b
EXERCISE 75 ab c b
1 150 2 100 3 3 4 5 13 x = p b 14 x = Q TP 15 x = 16 x = P
d d
5 300 6 240 7 8 8 300

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

23
 a s (a + b) ( p q)
17 b 18 t 19 20
c r
r2
s v V 9 A= , P = r (2 + )
21 22 A
23 r = ___ 24 h = 4 2
( p q) (t s ) 2 r2
a A = 19.6cm2, P = 17.9cm b 11.28 c 14.0 d 4.55
3V v2 ( y c) (v u ) r2
25 h = 2 26 h = 27 x = 28 t = 10 A = , P = r(2 + p)
r 2g m a 2
(v u )
2 2
(d a x)
2
A 2r 2 a A = 157cm2, P = 51.4cm b 5.64cm c 14.6 d 3.27
29 s = 30 y = 31 a = 2m b 32 h =
2a b2 2 r
S (1 r ) 2( s ut) S (n 1)d
33 a = 34 a = 35 a = EXERCISE 79*
(1 r n ) t2 n 2
1 a 22 b
400 2 a 339 b 4
3 a 354 b
3.16 4 a 53.75m b 80km/h
EXERCISE 78
b c 5 a 209 b
3 c 8
1 x= 2 x= 3 x= ab 6 a 16km b
195m
a b
7 a 27.3 b
12 c 6.63
4 x= wy 5 x= 2D C 6 x= 3C + B
8 a 6.67 b
20
c 2b
7 x= a(c b ) 8 x= y( a + z ) 9 x= 2
9 A = r (1 + ), P = r (4 + ) a A = 28.6cm2, P = 22.3cm
a 4 2
r+q
Mathematics A Student Book 1

t D b 4.10 c 12.6 d 3.12

10 x = 11 x = 12 x = b c
p a+d 10 A = r2 (1 + p), P = 2r (2 + p) a A = 265cm2, P = 82.3cm
ab pq 2b a b 4.91 c 3.89 d 2.48
13 x = 14 x = p 1 15 x =
a 1 a b
bc + de A E
16 x = 17 r = 18 c = m REVISION EXERCISE 80
c+d 4
b a c d
2El 1 x= a 2 x = ac 3 x= 4 y=
19 v = ar 20 x = 21 r = 3 3V b b
m 4 b 2
d bc
3 F 2 2
5 y= a 6 y = 7 y = c 1
22 d = 3 23 l = T 24 x = F ac
k 2 4 8 a 35km b 200m c 23km
9 a 26 b 100 c $1800
EXERCISE 78* 10 a A =
r 2
, P = r(2 + p)
S b ga 2
1 x= R 2 x= 3 x=
c c b A = 39.3, P = 25.7
c q c 3.57 d 11.7 e 3.27
4 x= a (b c ) 5 x= 6 x = t p
ba
c f cd + ab tan b + ac
7 x = e+d 8 x= 9 x= REVISION EXERCISE 80*
a+c 1 a
cos b c b b ab tan c
10 x = 11 x = t(p2 s) 12 x = (PR)2 Q 1 x= 2 x = 3 x=
ca a ad a
a ac d
13 x = Ab Da 14 x = a( z y) 15 x = 3V 4 y = b c 5 y = 6 y = b d(c a)2
h a b
2
7 a 3 b 3s c 2.45m
2E GmM r2
16 v = 17 v = 2gh 18 r=
m F 8 a A = 2 (1 + p)
1 2 2 y 2
P = r(2 + 2 + p)
19 x = a 20 x = a 1 2 21 a = b 12s
y b b A = 18.6, P = 19.7 c 2.41 d 5.19 e 3.16

( )
2 2
k T
l = g
1 S 9 3 : 1
22 d = 3
23 Q = __
__
24 m1 t
F p r 2 10 a 0.75 b c 1
m1t +1
() ( ) 1
3 3
26 x = q 1 + 1 27
k
25 d = x= 1 y2
F D

28 c =
b (2ax + b )
2 2
29 x =
p( y + 1)

m 1
30 t = a(m + 1) GRAPHS 4
4a y 1
ACTIVITY 21
ACTIVITY 19 Distance travelled by a falling stone vs time
63.4 seconds; 0.25m, 25m, 895m, 3.2 106m, 1.9 109m Speed of cyclist vs time
Sunshine intensity vs time in a day numerous other examples.
ACTIVITY 20 EXERCISE 81
Circumference of base = 2pr so curved surface area = 2prh
1 2 3

EXERCISE 79
1 a 155min b 2kg 2 a $500 b 1750
3 a 18 b 10 4 a 80 b 8 c 3
5 a 0.15 b 4.5 106 6 a 0.72 b 15
7 a 2350 b 25750 8 a $14.52 b 25.8cm

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

24
4 5 6 8 a
t 0 1 1.5 2 3 4
y 4 6 6.25 6 4 0

b 4m c 4p.m. d 6.25m, 1.30 p.m.
e Between 12.23p.m. and 2.37p.m.
7 8 9 a A = (10 2x)2 + 4x(10 2x) = 100 4x2
b c 2.5 x 3.5

9 b 10 a

x 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 x 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

V 0 0.32 1.28 2.88 5.12 8 y 12 22.5 36 52.5 72 94.5 120

Mathematics A Student Book 1

1.41m 1.41m d
c 1.23 x 1.8
0.72m3 e

10 a
t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 5 2.5 1 0.5 1 2.5 5 b
61.9m c 48.6mph d 0.7s

INVESTIGATE
b
5m c 0.5m, 3s d 0m r = 46.6 m when H = 100 m
0 t 0.76, 5.24 t 6
e 1708m2; 6831m2
Try to steer the pupils to producing a general formula for various angles:
EXERCISE 81* A = p(tan x)2 H2 and draw a family of curves for x = 20, 30, 40 90
1 2 3
EXERCISE 82
1 x = 3 or x = 2 2 x = 1 or x = 5 3 x = 1 or x = 3
4 x = 2 or x = 5 5 x = 0 or x = 3 6 x = 0 or x = 5

EXERCISE 82*
4 5 6
1 or x = 2 1 2
1 x = __ 2 x = 1 or x = 2__ 3 x = __
or x = 2
2 2 3
4 __ 1
x = 1 or x = __ 5 y = x2 6x + 5 6 y = x2 7x + 10
2 2
7 y = x2 6x + 9 8 y = x2 3x 4
9
7 a k = 1.75 P = 1.75t2 + t + 1
t 2 4 6 8 10 12
P 10 33 70 121 186 265

b
REVISION EXERCISE 83
P = 1.75t2 + t + 1 1 2

c
Accurate answer is 49750000. Only approximate answers will be
available from the graph. 3 x 0.6 or 3.4 4 x 1.4 or 3.4
d
7.2 days approx. 5 a 4.9cm2 b 4.5cm c 12.96cm

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

25
 6 a b 30.6m c 3.2s 5 a 22.5 b 45
6 APB = 90; TPB = 90; TBP = 90 x
7 a OUT = x; TOU = 180 2x; TUV = 90 x
b OUT =OTU; OUV = 90
8 a XZW = 90 y; XZY = y; WXY = 90
b XZW = 180 90 y; XZY = 90 (90 y);
COB = 180 AOB = 180 2x
REVISION EXERCISE 83* 9 OBA = 90 x; AOB = 2x, BD tangent at 90 to OB,
1 2 AOB = 180 2(90 x)
180;
x
10 OFG = x; EFO = 180 x; EOF = ________ GOF = 180 2x
2
2.4 0.9 11 a AM = r x
2 2
b BM = r x
2 2

12 a 5cm b 24cm2 c 4.8cm

13 a 12cm b 54cm2 c 7.2cm
3 x 2.6 or 1.1 4 x 2.6 or 1.1 14 a 4cm b 27cm2
5 b 28.3m 15 a 9cm b 108cm2
6 a b 10m c 29 x 170
Mathematics A Student Book 1

ACTIVITY 23

ORP ORQ RPO POS

C1 25 30 25 50

C2 80 25 80 160
C3 x y x 2x
SHAPE AND SPACE 4
RQO QOS PRQ POQ
ACTIVITY 22 C1 30 60 55 110
BAO ABO AOB BOC OCB + OBC OBC ABC C2 25 50 105 210
C1 20 20 140 40 140 70 90 C3 y 2y x+y 2x + 2y
C2 30 30 120 60 120 60 90
C3 x x 180 2x 2x 180 2x 90 x 90 EXERCISE 85
1 a = 124 2 a = 98 3 a = 56
4 a = 62.5 5 a = 102 6 a = 146
EXERCISE 84
7 a = 78 8 a = 37 9 a = 56
1 a = 230, b = 25 2 a = 248, b = 34 3 a = 280, b = 50
10 a = 114 11 a = 36, b = 36 12 a = 71, b = 71
4 a = 292, b = 56 5 a = 100, b = 260 6 a = 84, b = 276
13 a = 50, b = 130 14 a = 65, b = 65 15 a = 67, b = 113
7 a = 40, b = 320 8 a = 72, b = 288 9 a = 110, b = 35
16 a = 120, b = 60 17 a = 100, b = 160 18 a = 69, b = 138
10 a = 128, b = 26 11 a = 60, b = 60 12 a = 82, b = 49
19 a = 40, b = 140 20 a = 100, b = 80 21 a = 67, b = 85
13 a = 108, b = 72, c = 54 14 a = 48, b = 132, c = 24
22 a = 64, b = 28 23 a = 105 24 a = 144
15 a = 62, b = 62, c = 28 16 a = 29, b = 29, c = 61
17 a = 55 18 a = 24
19 a = 45 20 a = 30 EXERCISE 85*
21 a = 90, b = 32, c = 58 22 a = 90, b = 132, c = 66 1 AOB = 180 48 48 = 84 (angles in a triangle),
23 a = 50 24 a = 78 BOC = 180 84 = 96 (angles on a straight line), x = 96
25 a 90 b 32 c 132 d 80 180
2 ODE = _________ 70
= 55 (angles in an isosceles triangle),

2
26 a 90 b 54 c 126 x = 90 55 = 35 (angles in a semi circle)
Isosceles trapezium; kites are all similar shapes 100
3 HOI = 360 260 = 100 (angles around a point), x = = 50
2
(subtended angle)
EXERCISE 84* 4 32 2 = 64 (subtended angle), 360 64 = 296 (angles around a
1 a 37 b 53 point)
c OBC = OCB; ABO = 90 OBC 5 x = 126
2 a 54 b 108 c 36 6 x = 128
(180 DOF) 7 100 2 = 200 (subtended angle), 360 200 = 160 (angles
d DEO = ODE; DOF = 180 DOE; DFO =
2 around a point), x = 160
3 a x b 2x 194
8 360 166 = 194 (angles around a point), _____= 97 (subtended
c OGF = OFG; GOH = 180 (180 2x) 2
angle), x = 97
4 a PMO = y; POM = 180 2y; ROQ = 180 2y; ORQ = y 9 x = 116, y = 64
b PMO = OPM; POM = ROQ 10 x = 58, y = 122
11 x = 27

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26
12 x = 35 8 29.2km 9 3.16m 10 10.4m
13 ABC = 90; OCB = 180 90 30 = 60 (angles in a triangle); 11 a y2 r 2 b y2 r 2
OBC = OCB = 60 (angles formed from radius in a triangle);
COB = 180 60 60 = 60 (angles in a triangle) EXERCISE 87*
14 OGF = 120 (vertically opposite angles); OFG = 20. Therefore DE 1 12.4cm 2 4.90cm 3 8.77m 4 11.0m
and FO are parallel 5 13.9 6 200cm2 7 17 : 28 : 12 8 11.6cm
15 VUW = 110 (opposite angles in cyclic quadrilateral); 9 27.5m 10 3.92m
UVW = 180 35 110 = 35 (angles in a triangle) 11 a 48m b 24m
36
16 POQ = 36 (z angles); PRQ = = 18 (subtended angles);
2
x = 180 36 18 = 126 (angles in a triangle) REVISION EXERCISE 88
1 a = 52, b = 128, c = 76
ACTIVITY 24 2 a = 73, b = 73
c = 17, d = 17
AC AB BC AB AC EF
3 a = 80, b = 50, c = 130 4 a = 65, b = 65, c = 50, d = 25
= 0.75, = 0.75, = 0.75, = 0.67, = 0.5, = 0.69
DF DE EF GH GI HI
5 a = 18 6 a = 105, b = 75
ACTIVITY 25 7 PQ = 3.6cm; AC = 6cm

Mathematics A Student Book 1

XRY = BRA (angle of incidence = angle of reflection) 8 a 13.0cm b 11.2cm
XYR = BAR (90) RXY ABR 9 44.7cm
AB AR BR 10 a 2.5m b 6.5m2
s ABR and YXR are similar. = =
XY YR XR

EXERCISE 86 REVISION EXERCISE 88*

1 T1, T2 2 T1, T3 3 T2, T3 4 T1, T3 1 a = 40, b = 100, c = 40, d = 260
5 T1, T3 6 T1, T3 7 T1, T2 8 x=6 2 x = 150
9 y = 22.5 10 x = 5, y = 8 11 v = 15, w = 26 3 a 13cm b 120cm2
12 a 3cm b 14cm 4 a = 32, b = 64, c = 26, d = 58
13 a 7.5cm b 10.5cm 5 a ACB = DCE (vertically opposite angles); CAB = CED;
14 12.5m 15 1.5m CBA = CDE (z angles)
b DE = 6cm c AE = 10.4cm
6 3.875ft or 3ft 10.5in. 7 2m 8 4.28cm
EXERCISE 86*
1 E(4, 2), F(4, 4) 2 S(1, 7), T(7, 7)
3 a (3, 5) b P(1, 4) c Q(5, 6)
4 a (8.5, 2) b P(4, 5) c Q(10, 1) HANDLING DATA 4
5 a FJH = GIH, HFG = HGI, GHI = FHJ so triangles GHI and FHJ are
similar. EXERCISE 89
b 16cm c 15cm 1 a
6 a BAC = DAE, ABC = ADE, ACB = AED so triangles ABC and ADE are
similar.
b 11.25cm c 3.75cm
AC BC
7 a 5.7cm b = ; 6.32cm
EF FG
XY XZ
8 a 5.4cm b = ; 3.75cm
RT RS

9 PQS, RPS, RPQ 3
20 16 50 b p(biased) = 5
a PS = , RS = b
3 3 3 Heidis suspicion seems to be true. More trials would improve the
25 8 experiment.
10 CD = , BC = 3
3 3
11 18m 12 15m 13 55 cubits 2 a p(a) = 5
14 91.875 cubits 15 2.5m 16 790m y

17 239000cm3 18 135 1
8
Relative frequency

10
6
ACTIVITY 26 10
4
(a + b)2 = c2 + 4(0.5ab) 10
2
a2 + b2 + 2ab = c2 + 2ab 10
a2 + b2 = c2 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 x
Trial number

EXERCISE 87 b
More likely than not to rain in first 20 days of April.
1 10.3cm 2 8.06cm 3 8.94cm 4 13.0cm
5 11.8m 6 15.3m 7 70.7m

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27
 EXERCISE 90*
9
3 p(vowel) = 1 a
20 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
5 1 1 15
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
36 12 12 36
b 7
2 a
EXERCISE 89* Red
1 a y
2 3 5 7
Mathematics A Student Book 1

1
11 9 8 6 4
10 Green
12 13 11 10 8 6
Relative frequency

8 Key
12 left side 17 15 14 12 10
6 right side
12 19 17 16 14 12
4 1 5 7 3
12 (i) 8 (ii) (iii)
(iv)
2 16 16 16
12 1
b
4, 9, 11, 15, 16, 17; all with probability
0 16
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 x
Trial number
3
1st spin
p(L) = 2 p(R) = 1
3 3
1 2 3 4 5
b Learning curve, so warm up before playing.
1 1 2 3 4 5
Practise more from RHS.
2 2nd spin 2 2 4 6 8 10
2 Work in pairs. p(A) as the number of trials increases.
3 3 6 9 12 15
12 3 8 2
3 a p(W) = = 5 ; p(P) = = 5
20 20 4 4 8 12 16 20
3
b No. of W = 5 100 = 60 No. of P = 40 5 5 10 15 20 25
9 14 6 9
a b c d
INVESTIGATE 25 25 25 25
1 1 3 10 1 113
A = 2 , B = , C = , D = almost zero, E = almost 1 4 a = b c 850
4 4 110 11 130
5
EXERCISE 90
4 2 3 Die
1 a p(g) = = 5 b p(a) = p(t) = 0
c
10 10 1 2 3 4 5 6
9
d p( S ) =
10 Spinner 2 2 2 3 4 5 6
4 2 1 6 3
2 a p(O) = = 7 b p(T) = p(vowel) =
c = 7 4 4 4 4 4 5 6
14 14 14
8 4
d p(N or non-vowel) = = 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
14 7
1 1 3 1 3 1 13 5
3 a p(R) = 2 b p(K) = c p(mult of 3) = a 2 b = c d
13 13 18 6 18 18
4 1 1 2 1
d p(AJQK) = 6 a 5 b 5 c d
13 15 15
3 2 3 9
4 a b 5 c d 7 f =5
10 10 10
1 1 3 2 8 a b Approx. 40 darts.
5 a b 2 c d 5 3 3
10 10
3 43 2 19
6 a b c d
50 50 25 20 INVESTIGATE
Safest first (ratio of deaths per 5-year period per 1 million adults): golf
(0.009), tennis (0.022), running (0.045), badminton (0.051), gymnastics
(0.071), cricket (0.1), football (0.109), rugby (0.167), hockey (0.222),

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

28
swimming/diving (0.516), fishing (1.351), horse riding (1.59), boating/ examination practice 4
sailing (3), motor sports (5.909), mountaineering (8.5), air sports (51)
1 a (i) 0.6 (ii) 1 105
b (i) 0.177886 (ii) 17788.6
REVISION EXERCISE 91
2 a 42% b 316.25 c 280
2 3 a 9.5 m by 29.5 m b 280.25m2
1 3 ; More trials for a better estimate 4 a (i) s = 600, u = 10, v = 90 (ii) 12
b 12.64 (2 d.p.), s, u and v have 2 d.p.
C4
5 a C = 15n + 4 b n =
15
6 39000 feet

7 a
t 0 1 2 3 4 5

13 h 1.5 0.75 0.5 0.75 1.5 2.75

2
15

Mathematics A Student Book 1

7 1 1
3 a b
c 3 d 0
51 17
1 1
4 HH, HT, TH, TT a b 2
4
1 1
5 a 6 b 6 c 0 d 1
b
1.5m c 0.5m at 2s d 0.6s to 3.4s
10 5
6 = V 2500
494 247 8 a 5500 litres b 10 apartments c N =
150
REVISION EXERCISE 91* d 20 apartments
7 6 4 9 a 72.50 b 30cm
1 a 2002, ; 2003, ; 2004, 10 a p = 192, q = 96 b r = 72
10 10 10
b Decrease in numbers from 2002 is suggested by the data 11 a a = 2, b = 4
1 3 11 12 (i) 2x (ii) (180 6x) (iii) (90 3x)
2 a b c
12 4 36 5 1
13 a b
1 2 18 12
3 a (i) (ii) (iii) 0 1
11 11 1 2 2
2 14 a b 3 c d
b Z or U, 15 15 15
11 2
6 19 3 9 15 a 150cm b 24cm c 6 3
4 a b c d
25 25 25 25 The last answer is not possible, as it is negative.
5 45 16 173cm2
6 HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT 17 10
1 3 1
a
8 b 8 c 2 18 1.414m

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29
 Unit 5 EXERCISE 93
1 156g 2 40cm3 3 208g 4 18cm3
5 84 joules 6 6.84kg 7 1.5m 8 9 ohms
NUMBER 5
ACTIVITY 27 EXERCISE 93*
Edible chicken (to 2 s.f.) 1 1900cm3 2 3.375kg 3 3.2m 4 3.5g/cm3
3
a Chicken breast 0.56cents/g 5 13g/cm 6 120kg 7 2520 joules
b Boneless chicken breast 0.89cents/g 8 cells at 156cm; land animals at 492cm; mammals at 513cm; giant
c Whole chicken 0.48cents/g dinosaurs at 524cm; man at 539.8cm
d Chicken leg 0.56cents/g
The whole chicken is obviously the best buy, because it has not been prepared
EXERCISE 94
1 7 621 23 403
for cooking. However, it is not that much cheaper than the leg or the breast. 1 3 2 9 3 = 4
999 37 999
The boneless breast is nearly twice as expensive as the other three cuts. 5
Let x = 0.81
now minus x
so 100x = 81.81
EXERCISE 92 99x = 81
1 X $4.50/litre, Y $4.20/litre. Y better value 81 9
Mathematics A Student Book 1

so x = =
2 P $3.25/kg, Q $3.30/kg. P better value 99 11
3 A $6.50/m, B$6.25/m. B better value 6
Let x = 0.15
now minus x
so 100x = 15.15
4 I 0.36/ml, II 0.32/ml. II better value
99x = 15
5 110000 m, 3600s; 30.6m/s 15 5
so x = =
6 6000m, 3600s; 1.67m/s 99 33
7 2.74 litres/day 8 43.5 miles, 160000mph (2 s.f.)
9 38.6 eggs/min 10 2.22 11 28cm
EXERCISE 94*
1 53 4321 9876
12 10cm 13 80cm 14 30m 15 1:100 1 2 3 4
90 999 9999 9999
5 Let x = 0.73
ACTIVITY 28 so 10x = 7.3 now minus x
Man: 0.22m; greyhound: 4.1m; bullet: 180m; Earth: 90m; 9x = 6.6 multiply by 10
90x = 66
thunderclap: 66m; lightning: 6 107m 66 11
so x = =
90 15
EXERCISE 92*
1 Marble $75/m2, slate $72/m2, limestone $72.22/m2. Slate is cheapest. 6 Let x = 0.58
so 10x = 5.8 now minus x
2 1.5m tree is $30/m, 2m is $27.5/m, 3.5m is $31.43/m. The 2m tree 9x = 5.3 multiply by 10
is best value. 90x = 53
3 0.694 mm/min 53
so x =
90
4 760m/s
5 0.047m3/min REVISION EXERCISE 95
6 1520g/s 1 Tin A 167g/$, tin B 176g/$. Tin B gives better value.
7 9600 shilling 2 Shop X $1 per day per DVD, shop Y $1.20 per day per DVD. Shop X gives
8 22.0 euros better value.
9 Eurozone $600, Malaysia $590, UK $580. UK cheapest. 56 301
3 4 5 25.6km/h 6 30 metres
10 550 real, 336 pounds, 16072 rupees 99 999
11 a 1:2 1010 b 500000km 7 7.22m/s 8 1.71g/min 9 79.8 grams 10 44 ohms
12 48 million years
REVISION EXERCISE 95*
ACTIVITY 29 1 $775 2 60.8 3 2540 krone
Aluminium: 2.7g/cm3; brass: 8.5g/cm3; gold: 19g/cm3; platinum: 21g/cm3 71 52
4 $30.9, 60.8 francs 5 6
90 9000
Substance Mass (g) Volume (cm3) Density (g/cm3)
7 1 kg; 1 tonne 8 100000 tonnes; 40000m3
Aluminium 135 50 2.7
9 2730m3/s
Brass 459 54 8.5
Platinum 210 10 21
Oak 46.2 55 0.84 ALGEBRA 5
Petrol 46.8 65 0.72
Air 1200 106 0.0012
ACTIVITY 30
(x + 5)(x + 2) = x2 + 7x + 10 (10 + x)(x + 7) = x2 + 17x + 70
Water any value same value 1
(x + 1)(x + 1) = x2 + 2x + 1 (x + 2)2 = x2 + 2 only when x = 0
M
D M V __
V
(x + 2)2 = x2 + 4x + 4 (x + 4)(x 3) = x2 + x 12
(x 1)(x 6) = x2 7x + 6 (x 3)2 = x2 6x + 9
M (x + 2)(x 2) = x2 4
D=
V
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EXERCISE 96 EXERCISE 98
1 x2 + 5x + 4 2 x2 + 8x + 12 3 x2 4x 21 1 x(x 3) 2 x(x 1) 3 x(x + 2)
4 x2 x 20 5 x2 4x 12 6 x2 + 6x 7 4 x(x + 4) 5 x(x 31) 6 x(x 17)
7 x2 8x + 15 8 x2 10x + 16 9 x2 + 6x + 9 7 x(x + 42) 8 x(x + 38) 9 (x 4)(x + 4)
10 x2 + 10x + 25 11 x2 8x + 16 12 x2 14x + 49 10 (x 5)(x + 5) 11 (x 7)(x + 7) 12 (x 9)(x + 9)
13 x2 25 14 x2 16 15 x2 6x 16
16 3x2 10x 8 17 15x2 7x 2 18 12x2 + 17x 5 EXERCISE 98*
19 x3 + 2x2 5x 10 20 x3 4x2 + 3x 12 1 x(x 312) 2 x(x 273) 3 x(x + 51)
4 x(x + 74) 5 (x 8)(x + 8) 6 (x 10)(x + 10)
EXERCISE 96* 7 (x 11)(x + 11) 8 (x 14)(x + 14) 9 (x + 15)(x 15)
1 x2 + 4x 21 2 x2 + 7x 18 3 x2 9 10 (x + 25)(x 25) 11 4(x + 2)(x 2) 12 (5x + 6)(5x 6)
4 x2 36 5 x + 24x + 144
2
6 x2 18x + 81
7 12x2 25x + 12 8 14x2 + 41x + 15 9 x2 + x(b a) ab EXERCISE 99
10 x2 a2 11 16x2 40x + 25 12 49x2 + 56x + 16 1 a = 1 2 a = 2 3 a = 4 4 a = 2
13 15x3 + 21x2 + 5x + 7 14 20x3 15x2 + 8x 6 5 a = 1 6 a = 3 7 a = 2 8 a = 3
a2 ab b2 9 a = 2 10 a = 1 11 a = 1 12 a = 2
15 8x + 8 = 8(x + 1) 16 7x 22 17 + 25

Mathematics A Student Book 1

4 5
x2 xy y2 1
18 16 + 6 + 9 19 10x5 + 11x4 + 3x3 20 x2
x2 EXERCISE 99*
5 1 a = 3 2 a = 3 3 a=4
21 4 22 5x + 2 23 x = 3 4 a = 3 5 a = 7 6 a = 2
24 a = 5 25 a = 3, b = 1 7 a = 3 8 a = 6 9 a = 8
ACTIVITY 31 1 1
10 a = 9 11 a = 2 12 a = 3
x2 2x 3 x2 2x 3
x x3 2
2x 3x x2
x4
2x 3
3x2
EXERCISE 100
1 (x 2)(x 1) 2 (x + 2)(x + 2) 3 (x 1)(x 3)
2 3 2
1 x 2x 3 2x 2x 4x 6x 4 (x 1)(x 4) 5 (x 4)(x 3) 6 (x + 5)(x + 2)
3 3x2 6x 9 7 (x + 4)(x + 4) 8 (x + 3)(x + 3) 9 (x 1)(x 8)
So (x + 2x + 3)(x + 1) = x + 3x + 5x + 3
2 3 2
So (x + 2x 3)(x 2x + 3) =
2 2 10 (x 2)(x 5) 11 (x 1)(x 1) 12 (x 2)(x 2)
x4 4x2 + 12x 9
x y 3 EXERCISE 100*
2
1 (x + 7)(x + 3) 2 (x + 6)(x + 3) 3 (x 2)(x 6)
x x xy 3x
4 (x 5)(x 6) 5 (x 8)(x 8) 6 (x 7)(x 7)
2y 2xy 2y2 6y 7 (x 6)(x 12) 8 (x 8)(x 11) 9 (x + 9)(x + 5)
So (x + y + 3)(x 2y) = x2 2y2 xy + 3x 6y 10 (x + 8)(x + 12) 11 (x + 12)(x + 12) 12 (x + 15)(x + 15)

EXERCISE 97 EXERCISE 101

1 a x2 + 3x + 2 b 3x + 2 c x = 3 1 (x + 3)(x 2) 2 (x + 4)(x 2) 3 (x + 2)(x 5)
2 a (x2 + 8x + 16) b (8x + 16) c x = 2 4 (x + 1)(x 5) 5 (x + 2)(x 6) 6 (x + 2)(x 4)
3 a 5x2 + 25x + 30 b 2x2 + 30x + 62 7 (x + 1)(x 10) 8 (x + 2)(x 9) 9 (x + 7)(x 2)
4 2
a 7x + 35x b 2x2 + 66x + 140 10 (x + 5)(x 3) 11 (x + 8)(x 1) 12 (x + 5)(x 2)
5 x=6
6 a (x + 2)2 = (x + 1)2 + 49 b x = 23 EXERCISE 101*
1 (x + 6)(x 5) 2 (x + 9)(x 3) 3 (x + 4)(x 6)
EXERCISE 97* 4 (x + 4)(x 7) 5 (x + 12)(x 5) 6 (x + 10)(x 9)
1 a (x2 + 12x + 36) b x = 0.75 7 (x + 5)(x 14) 8 (x + 5)(x 10) 9 (x + 8)(x 15)
2 a 4x2 + 37x + 40 b x = 1.5 10 (x + 4)(x 16) 11 (x 5)(x + 15) 12 (x 6)(x + 12)
3 x = 6 4 x=2
5 a 2n is divisible by 2 and so is even; 2n + 1 is then odd. EXERCISE 102
b (2n + 1)(2m + 1) = 4mn + 2n + 2m + 1; 4mn, 2n and 2m are even so this 1 (x 1)(x 2) 2 (x + 2)(x 3) 3 (x + 3)(x 1)
is odd. 4 (x + 4)(x 3) 5 (x + 1)(x + 12) 6 (x + 2)(x + 1)
c (2n 1)(2n + 1) + 1 = 4n2 = (2n)2 7 (x 2)(x 6) 8 (x 1)(x 5) 9 (x 4)(x 4)
6 a 10 x b 5 x c x = 3.9 10 (x 3)(x 3) 11 (x 4)(x + 5) 12 (x 5)(x + 2)

INVESTIGATE EXERCISE 102*

Order of brackets is not important because ab = ba. 1 (x + 10)(x 2) 2 (x + 8)(x 2) 3 (x + 2)(x 9)
3 +3 = 9; this is always the connection. 4 (x + 5)(x 7) 5 (x + 9)(x + 4) 6 (x + 8)(x + 5)
x2 + 9 cannot be factorised. 7 (x 4)(x 8) 8 (x + 6)(x 8) 9 (x + 12)(x 4)
10 (x 2)(x 24) 11 (3 x)(x + 1) 12 (4 + x)(2 x)
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 INVESTIGATE REVISION EXERCISE 107
a and b (integers) are factors of 12: (12, 1), (6, 2), (4, 3), (3, 4), (2, 6), 1 x2 10x + 21 2 x2 + 4x + 4 3 2x2 7x 15
(1, 12), (12, 1), (6, 2), (4, 3), (3, 4), (2, 6) or (1, 12). 4 a x2 + 5x + 6 b 5x + 6 c x=4
5 (x 6)(x + 6) 6 (x + 3)(x + 1) 7 (x + 4)(x 2)
EXERCISE 103 8 x = 6 or x = 2 9 x = 0 or x = 5 10 x = 6 or x = 6
1 x = 1 or x = 2 2 x = 2 or x = 3 3 x = 4 or x = 1 11 x = 4 or x = 5 12 20cm by 30cm
4 x = 5 or x = 4 5 x = 7 or x = 2 6 x = 5 or x = 3
7 x = 8 8 x = 9 9 x = 0 or x = 10 REVISION EXERCISE 107*
10 x = 0 or x = 7 1 x2 3x 108 2 4x2 12x + 9 3 6x2 + 7x 3
4 4.25m 5 27cm 6 x = 11 or x = 11
EXERCISE 103* 7 x = 0 or x = 7 8 x = 7 or x = 8 9 x = 9 or x = 6
1 x = 8 or x = 4 2 x = 12 or x = 3 3 x = 21 or x = 5 10 400cm2
4 x = 6 or x = 9 5 x = 0 or x = 8 6 x = 0 or x = 10
3 3 2 1
7 x = 2 or x = 8 x = 3 or x = 5
4
5 SEQUENCE 5
9 x = 1 or x = 1 or x = 2 10 x = a or x = b or x = c
Mathematics A Student Book 1

(Note: this material is ideal for use with a spreadsheet.)

EXERCISE 104
1 x = 1 or x = 2 2 x = 2 or x = 3 3 x = 2 or x = 1 ACTIVITY 32
1
4 x = 1 or x = 3 5 x = 2 or x = 4 6 x = 1 or x = 2 Triangular patterns: add on one more than before; 10, 15, 21, ; 2 n(n + 1);
7 x = 4 or x = 3 8 x = 3 or x = 4 9 x = 5 or x = 3 13 rows, 9 balloons left over
10 x = 4 or x = 6 11 x = 4 12 x=5 Pyramidal patterns: differences are the previous sequence; 20, 35, 56, ;
9 layers with 35 balloons left over
EXERCISE 104*
1 x = 4 or x = 5 2 x = 5 or x = 7 3 x = 3 or x = 8 EXERCISE 108
4 x = 4 or x = 7 5 x = 9 or x = 12 6 x = 11 or x = 10 1 2, 4, 6, 8 2 1, 3, 5, 7 3 9, 6, 3, 0
7 x = 14 or x = 4 8 x = 13 or x = 5 9 x = 16 or x = 6 4 8, 4, 0, 4 5 15, 10, 5, 0 6 10, 7, 4, 1
10 x = 18 or x = 5 11 x = 3 or x = 1 12 x = 7 or x = 2 7 2, 4, 8, 16 8 1, 3, 9, 27 9 12, 6, 3, 1.5
13 x = 15 or x = 8 10 32, 16, 8, 4 11 Add 4; 19, 23, 27 12 Add 4; 21, 25, 29
13 Subtract 5; 7, 12, 17
EXERCISE 105 14 Subtract 3; 7, 10, 13
1 x = 0 or x = 2 2 x = 0 or x = 5 3 x = 0 or x = 7 15 Double; 48, 96, 192
4 x = 0 or x = 3 5 x = 0 or x = 25 6 x = 0 or x = 17 16 Treble; 162, 486, 1458
1
7 x = 0 or x = 23 8 x = 0 or x = 31 9 x = 2 or x = 2 17 Halve; 4, 2, 1 18 Halve; 18, 9, 4 2 19 Add 0.3; 1.4, 1.7, 2
10 x = 6 or x = 6 11 x = 5 or x = 5 12 x = 4 or x = 4 20 Divide by 10; 0.0001, 0.00001, 0.000001

EXERCISE 105* EXERCISE 108*

1 x = 0 or x = 125 2 x = 0 or x = 117 3 x = 0 or x = 231 1 1, 0.5, 2, 3.5 2 0.8, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2
4 x = 0 or x = 321 5 x = 8 or x = 8 6 x = 9 or x = 9 3 3, 1.75, 0.5, 0.75 4 5, 2.5, 0, 2.5
7 x = 13 or x = 13 8 x = 12 or x = 12 9 x = 7 or x = 7 5 1, 2.5, 6.25, 15.625 6 1, 1.5, 2.25, 3.375
10 x = a or x = a 11 No (real) solutions 12 x = 0 or x = 34 1 1 1 1 1
7 3, 1, 3 , 9 8 1, 2 , ,8
4
9 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 10 1, 2, 2, 4, 8, 32
EXERCISE 106 1 1
1 3, 4 2 5, 6 3 4, 5 4 6, 7 11 Add 2 2 ; 13, 15 2 , 18 12 Subtract 0.2; 0.2, 0, 0.2
5 5, 7 6 4, 6 1 1 1 1
13 Divide by 3; 3, 1, 3 14 Divide by 2; , ,
7 a x2 + 3x b x = 3 16 32 64
8 a x2 + x b x = 6 15 Square; 65536, 4.3 109, 1.8 1019
9 10cm by 4cm 10 8cm by 5cm 11 x = 3 16 Divide by 5; 0.064, 0.0128, 0.002 56
12 x=2 1 1 1 1
17 Multiply by 2 ; , ,
16 32 64
18 Multiply by 3; 9, 27, 81
EXERCISE 106* 19 Double then add 1; 63, 127, 255
1 11, 13 or 13, 11 2 8, 12 or 12, 8
20 Add 1 then double; 94, 190, 382
3 30cm by 40cm 4 20m by 100m
5 1s and 2s 6 2s
7 8, 9 or 9, 8 8 7, 9 or 9, 7 EXERCISE 109
1 3, 5, 7, 9 2 5, 8, 11, 14 3 4, 9, 14, 19
9 20 10 18
4 1, 5, 9, 13 5 30, 27, 24, 21 6 26, 24, 22, 20
11 4 cm 12 20 cans
7 2, 5, 10, 17 8 0, 3, 8, 15 9 3, 6, 9, 12

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 3 4 5 1 2 3
10 2, 4, 6, 8 11 2, 2 , , 12 0, 3 , , EXERCISE 111*
3 4 4 5
13 8 14 12 15 7 n +1 n 1 2n 2n 1
1 2 3 4
n n +1 2n 1 2n + 1
16 9 17 7 18 5
5 4n 1 6 3n 2 7 9 3n 8 13 4n
19 22 20 30
9 a 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, b s = 4n + 2
c 202
EXERCISE 109* 10 a 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, b p = 6n + 4
1 1, 4, 9, 14 2 2, 4, 10, 16 3 97, 94, 91, 88 c 32nd
3 5 1 1 2
4 80, 76, 72, 68 5 1, 2 , 2, 2 6 3 , 0, 3 , 3
7 3, 7, 13, 21 8 0, 1, 3, 6 9 3, 6, 11, 18 REVISION EXERCISE 112
5 7 9 1 1 3 5 n
10 3, 10, 21, 36 11 3, 3 , 5 , 7 12 3 , , 5 , 6 1 2, 43, 493 2 5, 8, 11 3 4 6n + 4
4 n +1
13 8 14 7 15 12 5 a 1800m b 800 + 200n c 36 days
16 14 17 10 18 11 6 a 1st; 300 b 4n 1
19 51 20 17 7 a Odd numbers b 4, 9, 16, 25 c 121
d n2 e 29
8 a n + n + 1 b 2n + 1 c n + n + 1 = 2n + 1

Mathematics A Student Book 1

INVESTIGATE
d 2n is always even, so 2n + 1 is odd.
a gives the difference between the terms of the sequence.
9 a n b n2 c n + n2
a + b gives the first term of the sequence.
d 10100
10 a 12, 20, 28, 36, 44, 52, b w = 8c + 4
EXERCISE 110 c c = 9 w = 76, c = 10 w = 84
1 17, 20, 23 2 29, 34, 39 3 7, 10, 13
4 9, 13, 17 5 56, 76, 99 6 52, 68, 86
7 0, 8, 19 8 4, 10, 18 9 4, 11, 20
REVISION EXERCISE 112*
n
1 5, 58, 688 2 2, 5, 8 3
10 3, 0, 4 2n 1
4 18 5n
5 a 2.90 b 50 + 20n
EXERCISE 110* c 12 years
1 58, 78, 101 2 74, 100, 130 3 1, 6, 15
6 a 17, 21, 25, 29 b 7, 13
4 8, 5, 1 5 1, 8, 17 6 6, 4, 1
c 1, 3, 7, 13, ; 21st term
7 71, 101, 139 8 150, 215, 297 9 6, 19, 38
7 a n(n + 1) b n2 + n
10 54, 90, 139 2
c n(n + 1) = n + n
d Either n or n + 1 is even, so their product is even.
ACTIVITY 33 8 a n + 1 b n 1
3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13; b = 2t + 1; 201 balloons b = 3s + 1 (s = no. of squares) c (n + 1)(n 1) d (n + 1)(n 1) = n2 1
b = 7h + 5 (h = no. of hexagons) b = 5h + 1 (h = no. of hexagons) 9 a 9, 19, 29, 39, 49, 59, b n = 10b 1
c 99
INVESTIGATE 10 a 1, 8, 21, 40, 65 b p = 3m2 2m
10 pentagons needed using 40 balloons c 15 th

ACTIVITY 34
4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24; 4n SHAPE AND SPACE 5
INVESTIGATE EXERCISE 113
Triangular perimeter numbers: 3, 6, 9, 12, 3n 1
Pentagonal perimeter numbers: 5, 10, 15, 20, 5n
Hexagonal perimeter numbers: 6, 12, 18, 24, 6n

EXERCISE 111
1 1 1 1
1 n 2 3 4
n+2 2n 2n 1
5 3n + 1 6 2n + 3 7 34 4n 8 29 3n 4
9 a 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, b c = 2l 1
c c is always odd, 50 layers.
10 a 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, b p = 2n + 6
c 47th

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

33
 2
Object Transformation Image
H Rotation Centre (0, 0) 90 F

F Translation ( )
26
Vector E

4 H Rotation Centre (4, 2) 90 E

D Rotation Centre (0, 0) 90 F

F Translation ( )
6
Vector
2
E

D Rotation Centre (2, 4) 90 E

3 4
F Rotation Centre (0, 0) 180 A
Object Reflection Image Object Reflection Image
in line in line A Translation ( )
8
Vector
5 G
A x=5 B B y=0 A
F Rotation Centre (4, 2.5) 180 G
F x=5 G D y=8 C
H Translation 7

Vector 2( )
B
Mathematics A Student Book 1

G x=5 F B y=6 E
C Rotation Centre (4.5, 2) 180 B
A x=7 C A y=4 D
D x = 12 B D y = 10 E
EXERCISE 113*
G x=9 H I y=9 H 1 a (1, 2) b (1, 2) c (1, 10) d (1, 18)
K x = 24 J H y=5 G e (4, 1) f (5, 2) g (6, 3) h (12, 9)
2 a (4, 2) b (6, 2) c (8, 2) d (18, 2)
I x = 12 G G y=1 F
e (6, 6) f (5, 5) g (2, 2) h (8, 8)
H x = 18 K F y=6 J 3 a
E x = 10 A J x=5 K
J x = 15 G H x=4 C
D x = 17 E C y=4 B
5
Object Transformation Image
B Rotation Centre (0, 0) 90 A

A Translation ( )
3

Vector 1
C

B Rotation Centre (1, 2) 90 C

A Rotation Centre (0, 1) 90 F

F Translation ( )
0

Vector 2 E c Rotation 90 about (0, 0)
4 a
A Rotation Centre (1, 0) 90 E

A Rotation Centre (0, 0) 180 G

G Translation ( )
Vector 2

0 H

A Rotation Centre (1, 0) 180 H

B Rotation Centre (1, 1) 90 H

H Translation ( )
2

Vector 0
G

B Rotation Centre (0, 0) 90 G

6
Object Transformation Image
c
Rotation 90 about (0, 0)
A Rotation Centre (0, 0) 90 D

D Translation ( )
2

Vector 2
C

A Rotation Centre (2, 0) 90 C

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

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 5 a EXERCISE 114*
14 y
4

F
2
R
P

S D
4 2 0 E 2 4x
C

2
Q

4

5 A to C: (2, 11) SF = 2; A to D: (3, 11) SF = 4; C to D: (5, 11) SF = 2;

1 2
c Reflection in y = x C to E: (4, 10) SF = 3; B to C: (4, 5) SF = 2 ; E to D: (1, 7) SF = 3
6 a
EXERCISE 115

Mathematics A Student Book 1

1 0
Reflection in y = 2; reflection in x-axis; translation
4 ( )
2 Reflection in x = 4; reflection in y-axis; translation 8
0 ( )
3 Reflection in y-axis; reflection in y = 2; rotation 180 about (0, 2)
4 Reflection in x = 4; reflection in y = 2; rotation 180 about (4, 2)
5 Reflection in y-axis; reflection in x + y = 0; rotation 90 about (0, 0)
6 Reflection in y-axis; reflection in x + y = 0; rotation 90 about (0, 0)
7 Reflection in x = 4; reflection in y = 2; rotation 180 about ( 4, 2)
8 Reflection in y = 2; reflection in y-axis; rotation 180 about (0, 2)

EXERCISE 115*
c Reflection in x + y = 0
1 Reflection in x + y = 6; rotation 90 about (2, 4)

ACTIVITY 35
2 Rotation 90 about ( 3, 1); translation 2
4 ( )
3 Rotation 143 about ( 2, 2); reflection in y = 2x + 6

T 2.5 cm 1.4 cm 2.9 cm

4 Reflection in x + y = 8; translation 8

8 ( )
T1 3.9 cm 2.3 cm 4.6 cm
INVESTIGATE
Ratios 1.6 1.6 1.6 This table represents an unfolding from A10 to A1
T2 1.7 cm 1 cm 1.9 cm
Size Sheets in A0 Width L=W Area
Ratios 0.7 0.7 0.7 __ __
A10 1024 1 2 1 2
__ __
EXERCISE 114 A9 512 2 2 2 2
14 y __ __
4
A8 256 2 2
2 2
4
__ __
2
A7 128 2
2 4 2
8
Q __ __
S
A6 64 4 4 2 16 2
A __ __
4 2 0 2 4x A5 32 4 2 8 32 2
C B __ __
A4 16 8 8 2 64 2
R 2 __ __
P A3 8 8 2 16 128 2
__ __

4 A2 4 16 16 2 256 2
__ __
1 3
5 B to A: (10, 8) SF = 2; A to E: (8, 0) SF = 2 ; D to B: (12, 4) SF = 2 ; A1 2 2
16 32 2
512
2 __ __
E to D: (14, 12) SF = 3 ; D to C: (4, 4) SF = 2 A0 1 32 2
32 2
1024
__
Ratio width:length = 1: 2 Volume ratio A7:A9 = 1:8

Pearson Education Ltd 2009

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 REVISION EXERCISE 116 5 a
1 Reflection in y-axis 2 Reflection in x = 1
3 Reflection in x-axis 4 Reflection in y = 2
5 Rotation 90 about (0, 0) 6 Rotation 180 about (0, 0)
7 Rotation 90 about (0, 4) 8 Reflection in y = x
9 Enlargement (1, 5) SF = 2 10 Enlargement ( 6, 0) SF = 0.5

REVISION EXERCISE 116*

1 a (5, 0) b (6, 1) c (3, 1) d (1, 0) e (4, 1) b m 10.75cm, Q1 8.3cm, Q3 13.1cm
2 a Reflection in x-axis b Reflection in y-axis c IQR 4.8cm
c Reflection in y = x + 2 d Reflection in y = x 2 6 a
e Rotation 90 about (2, 0) f Rotation 90 about (0, 2)
3
Mathematics A Student Book 1

b m 73.7kg, Q1 68.5kg, Q3 78.5kg
c IQR 10kg
7 b

c m 2.8kg, Q1 2.35kg, Q3 3.5kg
HANDLING DATA 5 8 b

ACTIVITY 36
Classroom discussion should highlight the need for shape and spread of
distributions as well as the average in decision-making.

EXERCISE 117
1 m = 3, Q1 = 2, Q3 = 6, R = 7, IQR = 4
2 m = 11, Q1 = 8, Q3 = 15.5, R = 15, IQR = 7.5
3 m = 4, Q1 = 2, Q3 = 7, R = 8, IQR = 5
4 m = 0.35, Q1 = 0.2, Q3 = 0.55, R = 0.7, IQR = 0.35

EXERCISE 117* c
m 10 years, Q1 5.6 years, Q3 17.9 years
1 m = 27, Q1 = 19, Q3 = 33.5, IQR = 14.5, R = 31 d
Median is best; distribution is skewed
2 m = 56.7, Q1 = 55.8, Q3 = 57.5, IQR = 1.7, R = 3.4
3 m = 3, Q1 = 2, Q3 = 4, R = 5, IQR = 2 EXERCISE 118*
4 m = 2, Q1 = 2, Q3 = 3, R = 4, IQR = 1 a m 45 years, IQR 47.5 37.5 = 10 years
1
b 30%
EXERCISE 118 2 a m 29 years, Q1 25 years, Q3 33 years
1 a m 332g, Q1 306g, Q3 360g b IQR 8 years
b IQR 54g c Symmetric distribution; mean median
c Distribution is symmetric; median mean 3 a m 49.5%, IQR 61 36 = 25%
2 a m 27.4min, Q1 25.6min, Q3 29.0min b 17 candidates
b IQR 3.4min 4 a m 1.84m, IQR 1.87 1.81 = 0.06m
c Median is better; shape of distribution is not smooth b 40%
3 a m 22000, Q1 16000, Q3 25000
b IQR 9000
4 a m 186cm, Q1 178cm, Q3 192cm
b IQR 14cm

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 5 b 3 a

c m 67.6m, IQR 78 58 = 20m
d 51
6 a b m 81.5kg, IQR 86 78 = 8kg
4 a

Mathematics A Student Book 1

b m 26min, IQR 73 8 = 65min
c 37%

7 a y m 580g, IQR 743 480 = 263g
b
60
55
c
19 fish
50
45
REVISION EXERCISE 119*
40
35 1 median = 1, LQ = 0, UQ = 2, range = 4, IQR = 2
30 2 a m 17min, Q1 15min, Q3 18.5min, IQR 3.5min
25 b 38
20
15
3 a
10
5

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 x
Time (mins)

m 30min, IQR 41 23 = 18min

b mean = 32.5min
c Few big values raise the mean
8 b y
50 Men
45 Women b m 37 years, IQR 45 29 = 16 years
40 c 43 clients
35
4 a
30
25
20
15
10
5

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 x
Age (years)
c Men: m 27.5 years, Q1 25 years, Q3 31 years m 22.5 years, IQR 30 20 = 10 years
b
Women: m 24 years, Q1 21 years, Q3 27 years c
35 students
e Women are 3 or 4 years younger d
Distribution is skewed; median is best

REVISION EXERCISE 119

1 median = 10.5, LQ = 4.5, UQ = 19, range = 21, IQR = 14.5 examination practice 5
2 a m 32 years, IQR 12 years 1 a 1.69 = 68.7 b 16.75 = 1300000
b 18 c 1.0659 = 1.76
4 7 3
2 , ,
25 20 8

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 3 a 2x2 + 3x 5 b 8 10x + 3x2 SKILLS PRACTICE 1
4 a Q1 = 55.3g, Q3 = 56.4g, m = 55.9g,
b IQR = 1.1g
NUMBER
5 a 7n 3, 697 b 41 9n, 859
1 270 2 304 3 73 4 94
6 a 68% b 79 59 = 20
5 124.5 6 479.5 7 35.8 8 55.4
c 32
9 45.6 10 0.45 11 8430 12 340
7 16 m/s
13 83.74 14 151.5 15 314.3 16 299.1
8 a (x 10)(x + 8) = 0, x =10 or 8 b (x 12)(x + 2) = 0, x = 12 or 2
17 0.24 18 0.25 19 3 20 0.375
9 56, 76
21 0.8 22 0.4 23 8.4 24 4.6
10 a Translation 2 3
( )
b Rotation about (1, 1), 90 25 21 26 28 27 0.15 28 0.075
c Reflection in y = 1 d Enlargement: SF = 3 29 1.8 30 2.4
Centre = (3, 4)
11 9 ALGEBRA
12 15 1 5x 2 8y 3 2x 4 2y 5 6x
13 a 6 b 86=2 6 8x 7 2x 8 2y 9 12y2 10 25y2
14 a and b y 11 9 12 16 13 26 14 72 15 25
Mathematics A Student Book 1

5
16 18 17 17 18 15 19 4 20 13
A
4 21 15 22 8 23 3 24 2.5 25 32
26 7 27 36 28 144 29 1 30 1
3

2
T SKILLS PRACTICE 2
1

0 x
NUMBER
1 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 609 2 474 3 43 4 46 5 2.574
1
6 2.106 7 123 8 21.28 9 46 10 37
2 11 67 12 49 13 0.695 14 0.1459 15 0.78
16 0.091 17 0.75 18 0.59 19 0.55 20 0.57
3 B 1 5 11 19 1
21 4 3 22 1 7 23 24 25 2
3 4
4 1 2 1 1
1
26 27 3 28 7 29
23 30 1 2
c Clockwise rotation of 90 about (1, 2) 12
15 a and b
y ALGEBRA
5 1 5x2 2 2y3 3 a + 2b 4 3a 3b 5 3x3
6 4x3 7 6x2 8 8x2 9 3x2 10 6x
4
11 x = 4.92 12 x = 0.91 13 x = 34.8 14 x = 68.4 15 x = 1.9
3 16 x = 5.4 17 x = 78 18 x = 74 19 x = 4 20 x = 5
21 4 22 1 23 11 24 9 25 12
2
26 18 27 12 28 36 29 1 30 25
C T
1

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4x SKILLS PRACTICE 3
1
NUMBER
2 1 245 2 119 3 243 45 4 5 36
3 6 3.2 7 9.4 8 53 9
308.7 10 90.4
D 11 92.8 12 7 13 700 0.7 14
15 6.75
4 16 675 17 60 18 100 1010 19
20 256

1 1 21 16 7
c Anticlockwise rotation of 90 about (2, 2) 21 2 3 22 2 2 23 24 25
5 3 12
2n 1 3 2 7
16 b 2n 1 or c 10 hurdles 5
2 26 27 6 28 5 29 13 30
12 10
17 g/p to 3 s.f.: 4.03, 4.04 and 3.95 so 400g, 500g and 300g
31 20000 32 40 33 100 34 25
18 a (x 1)(x 3) = 0, x = 1 or 3 b (x + 3)(x + 2) = 0, x = 3 or 2

ALGEBRA
1 4x 2 2x 3 3 4 9x 5 8x 5y
2 2 2 3 3 3 3x
6 xy 7 7x 2y 8 xyz 9 10 8x3
y

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11 x = 15 12 x = 47 13 x = 30 14 x = 89 15 x = 25 3
(i) By calculator working in to out of the expression should give a
16 x = 14 17 4 18 31 19 31 20 61 value approaching 2.
21 900 22 216 23 1 24 121 25 11 (ii) For brighter groups:
26 1 Let 2 + 2 + 2 + ... = u
2 + u = u2
0 = u2 u 2
SKILLS PRACTICE 4 0 = (u 2)(u + 1)
u = 2
NUMBER (iii) Very able groups could consider exploring this hypothesis:
1 207 2 189 3 216 4 160 5 28 x + x + x + ... = u
6 39 7 147.2 8 799.7 9 308.7 10 899.1 4 25 92 = 2592
11 654.3 12 0.14 13 16.8 14 420 15 3.36 5 65 different ways: (3 9) + (4 8) + (6 1) = 65.
5 3 1 1 3 each of:
16 4 17 1 18 4 6 19 2 20 16
18 11
1 2 22 13 19
21 1 22 3 5 23 24 25
4 7 5 35
37 1 1 1 1

Mathematics A Student Book 1

26 27 6 28 29 13 30 2 2
99 12
31 21000 32 4 33 300 34 8

ALGEBRA 4 each of:
1 15x 10 2 6x2y2 3 8x2y 4 4x2y 5 12x4y2
1
6 3 7 25x2 8 x 9 3x 10 18x2
1
11 x = 8 12 x = 17 13 x = 4 14 x = 19 15 x = 2

1
16 x = 2 17 5 18 25 19 17 20 16 6 of

21 1 22 10 23 81 24 16 25 16

26 1
Alternatively: total of 65

SKILLS PRACTICE 5

NUMBER 28 14 14 6 3
1 43.2 2 47.2 3 90 4 90.01 5 0.927 6 1002 = 10000 and 1012 = 10201. Therefore the number of whole
6 78.5 7 1.69 8 0.216 9 13 10 3 numbers which have their square roots between 100 and 101
11 7.6 12 4.9 13 160.8 14 262.2 15 58 = (10201 10000) 1 = 200.
16 8.7 17 36.86 18 16.8 19 3.2 20 1.5 7
1 1 4 7 67 Mrs Hack, Mr Woof, Mrs Smart
21 1 8 22 2 23 1 24 25
9 13 100 Mr Grim
1 Mrs Chatty, Mr Nice, Mrs Pain
26 0.375
27 0.142857 28 3 29
30 000
8 6400km (2 s.f.)
30 500 31 30 32 140 9 230 = 1073741824
10 a 6 b 1
ALGEBRA c Yes. Last digit of 3444 is 1, last digit of 4333 is 4, last digit of
1 9x4 2 10x2 3 8x2 4 9 3444 + 4333 is 5
5 2 + x 6 1 2y2 7 x2 4x + 4 8 a2 b2
11 Ratio of areas for round peg in square hole is 0.785.
11x 5 4
9 10 6 11 3xy(x 2) 12 (x 2)(x 4) 2
15
Ratio of areas for square peg in round hole is 0.637.
13 (x + y)(x y) 14 x = 6.8 15 x = 2.5 16 x = 2 or x = 4
ad c a So a round peg in a square hole is the better fit.
17 d(c + a) = x 18 = x 19 x = c b 20 x < 3
b 12 16cm2 13 Either 6 red and 4 blue or 4 red and 6 blue
21 x 8 22 25 23 1 24 12 14 9 cans, no change 15 15, 12, 9
25 36 26 5 27 19 28 8 16 4 17 200 cm2
18 a 3 4 + 5 6 b 4 5 + 3 6 c 6(3 + 4) + 5
CHALLENGES d 3 5 + 6 4 e 3 4 6 5
1 a 1 10606 b 1 1090 c 1 101200 16
19 x = 1985 20 cm2
25
2 8.47 10 mm (to 3 s.f.)
56 3

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 FACT FINDERS 5
580000km
731cm3
8
6 333g 7 1.84m3

Volume of bottles is 2.19m3, which is greater than volume of bottle

9
GREAT WHITE SHARK bank
1 3 sharks per sec approx. 2 225m
10 7.07 times 11 20 cans 12 5.945 107
3 8.57% 4 For a 1.6m pupil, x 4.4
13 1.497 109
5 6.70m/s 6 5cm 3500 17500cm = 175m. Yes!
14 1305km 15 2.11
7 257% 8 24.9%
16 Number to landfill sites is 0.64 4 109 = 2.56 109.
9 54400kg 10 3.55% 2.56 109
11 3.1 103 tonnes/m2 12 1.26 10 tonnes Weight of these cans is 26 = 41600 tonnes.
(1.6 106 )
Crushed volume = 41600 4 = 166400 m3.
THIS TROUBLED PLANET 17 Density of crushed cans is 0.25 tonnes/m3. Density of Al is
1 4.87 billion 2.7 tonnes/m3, so 0.25 tonnes has volume of 0.0926 m3. Crushed cans
2 a $148 per person b $147 per person are approx. 0.0926 m3 of Al and 0.9074 m3 of air. Percentage of air is
3 1600 cars per hour 90.7%.
4 a 16.8kg per person b 20.4kg per person 18 22.7 or about 23 times. In practice this figure will be greater, as bottle
5 a 37.8 pitches per min b 43.8 pitches per min banks are usually emptied before they are full.
Mathematics A Student Book 1

6 61.6 elephants per day 19 a 6.8 109 b 15.5 c 840000m3

7 2.73 people per second 20 4.37
8 a 34.9 people per km2 b 40.6 people per km2
9 a 5.43 107km2 b 2296 approx. The Solar System
10 2023 approx.
11 7210kg per km3 12800 8
1 Diameter = cm
1390 000
12 4.32m
1.5 10 8
8
Distance = cm
1390 000
THE CHANNEL TUNNEL
1 1994 1802 = 192 years 2 76.9% 2
3 5.35 106m3 4 Approx. 4.32 million Body Diameter (mm) Distance from the Sun (m)
5 Approx. 36 people per hour
Sun 80
6 About six times height of a man, so 6 1.75 10m
7 31.71 per second 8 Approx. 164 weeks Earth 0.74 8.63
9 3.5 106 litres per day Mars 0.39 13.1
10 1994: 394 trains, 1998: 15999 trains Jupiter 8.2 44.8
So an increase of 3960% approx.
Pluto 0.17 342
11 29.2mph 12 p = 3121y + 315
3 14.4m 4 8.56 years 5 8.3min 6 9.46 1012
RECYCLING 7 2287km (approx. LondonAthens)
1 16.25g 2 2.7 tonnes m3 3 1.2m2 8 2270000 years
4 4380.6 years allowing for leap years, 4383.6 not allowing for leap years 9 1.14 1018km, 6.48 1010 years
10 2.08 1019 km

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