Scribd
Upload
138 views

Covennatone Line Notation PDF

1. The document introduces different condensed notations used to represent organic molecules, including condensed formulas and line-bond notation. 2. Line-bond notation represents carbon chains using lines and angles without explicitly showing atoms, relying on the reader to understand the implied tetrahedral bond angles and addition of hydrogen atoms. 3. Examples are given of line-bond notation for alkanes, alkenes, and cycloalkanes to illustrate how different functional groups are represented.

Uploaded by

ifiok
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
138 views

Covennatone Line Notation PDF

1. The document introduces different condensed notations used to represent organic molecules, including condensed formulas and line-bond notation. 2. Line-bond notation represents carbon chains using lines and angles without explicitly showing atoms, relying on the reader to understand the implied tetrahedral bond angles and addition of hydrogen atoms. 3. Examples are given of line-bond notation for alkanes, alkenes, and cycloalkanes to illustrate how different functional groups are represented.

Uploaded by

ifiok
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

1.

4 Condensed notations

We will frequently use several types of condensed formulation for organic


molecules, rather than writing the full structure that shows every bond:

Methane Ethane Propane Butane

Full structural formula:

Condensed formula: CH4 CH3CH3 CH3CH2CH3 CH3(CH2)2CH3

Likewise the condensed formula for pentane is CH3(CH2)3CH3


and hexane is CH3(CH2)4 CH3

Practice problems. Write the condensed formula for


Heptane Octane Nonane Decane

A still more abbreviated notation, line-angle or line-bond notation,


emphasizes the 109.5 tetrahedral bond angle of C-C single bonds and does
not explicitly show any atoms at all! It is commonly used.

Thus propane, commonly written as

can be drawn in wedge and dash notation as

or in line-bond form as

The end of each line as well as each kink is understood to be a C atom and
the kink is made at approximately a 109.5o tetrahedral bond angle. It is
understood that enough H atoms are added to each C to meet the bonding
rules.
The line bond notation for C chains containing 4-7 C atoms are shown
below.

19
Butane pentane

Hexane heptane

Isobutane has the structural formula

and the line-bond notation:

and similarly the structural formula

has the line-bond notation


Note that the structural formula makes the bond angles look like 90o, but the
line-bond notation must show the tetrahedral 109.5o bond angle.

Write out the full structural formula for the following line-bond notations:

Carbon chains can also form rings as in the following examples:

Cyclopropane Cyclobutane Cyclopentane

20
The shorthand notation similar to line-bond notation that we shall use for
rings in the future is shown as follows:

The line-bond notation for double bonds is shown with the example of
propene below:

As in the previous examples of line-bond notation, all the atoms are left off
and only the bond angles are shown, leaving the reader to supply just about
everything!

Likewise

has the line-bond notation


and

has the shorthand notation

21
Try writing out the full structural formula for the following line-bond
notations on a separate sheet of paper. Make sure your full structural
formulas have the appropriate number of bonds on each atom!

When youve done the full structures for each of the line-bond structures
above, see if you can work backwards and draw the original the line-bond
notation from the full structure!

The line-bond notation for C-C triple bonds is shown below

becomes

22
Write the full structural formula for each of the following line-
bond notations:

23

You might also like