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Nutrition Notes: Ch.1 The Role of Nutrition in Our Health

This document discusses the importance of nutrition for health and well-being. It explains that nutrition supports overall wellness by providing the body with nutrients from foods for growth, function, and energy. Good nutrition can help prevent obesity and disease. The document outlines dietary reference intakes that establish nutritional standards and defines macronutrients, micronutrients, and minerals needed by the body. It also gives an overview of digestion, from chewing and saliva breaking down food, to the roles of the esophagus and epiglottis in swallowing and moving food to the stomach.

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Jamie Lin
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643 views

Nutrition Notes: Ch.1 The Role of Nutrition in Our Health

This document discusses the importance of nutrition for health and well-being. It explains that nutrition supports overall wellness by providing the body with nutrients from foods for growth, function, and energy. Good nutrition can help prevent obesity and disease. The document outlines dietary reference intakes that establish nutritional standards and defines macronutrients, micronutrients, and minerals needed by the body. It also gives an overview of digestion, from chewing and saliva breaking down food, to the roles of the esophagus and epiglottis in swallowing and moving food to the stomach.

Uploaded by

Jamie Lin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nutrition Notes

Ch.1 The Role of Nutrition in Our Health


Nutrition- the science that studies food, how food nourishes body and influences health
-supports wellness (the absence of disease), wellness includes diet and physical activity
5 types of health: occupational (meaningful work), physical, spiritual, emotional, social
Why is nutrition important?
Obesity- eating more calories than expended
Nutrients- chemicals in foods that our bodies use for growth and fxn
Organic nutrients- contain C, essential component of living organisms: carbs, lipids, proteins,
vitamins
Carbs- primary source of fuel, CHO, grains, veggies, fruits, legumes, seeds, nuts
Lipids- energy source during rest/ low-moderate exercise, CHO
Vitamins- assists in regulating body processes: support immune system, builds and maintains
healthy bones and tissues, DOES NOT supply energy
Macronutrients- nutrients required in large amts. Micronutrients- small amts.
Minerals- inorganic, required for body processes, removes harmful products, regulates fluid +
energy produxn
Major minerals- needed in larger amts
Trace minerals- needed in smaller amts

Determining Nutrient Needs


Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)- updated nutritional standards for healthy people
1. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)- avg daily intake of a nutrient to meet the needs
of half of healthy people at a particular life stage
2. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)- avg. daily intake of a nutrient that meets the
needs of 98% of healthy people
3. Adequate Intake (AI)- Recommended avg daily nutrient intake
Ch 3. The Human Body: Are We Really What We Eat?

Why do we want to eat?


Hunger- physiological drive for food
Appetite- psychological desire to consume specific foods
Anorexia- physiological need for food yet no appetite
Hypothalamus- triggers hunger or satiation( fullness)

Digestion
Cephalic phase of digestion- hunger and appetite work to prepare GI tract for digestion,
thought of food stimulates digestive juices
Chewing- moistens food, breaks up
Saliva- contains digestive juices
Taste receptors- detect tastes: bitter, sweet, sour, salty, umami
Olfactory receptors- detect food aroma
Enzymes speed up bodily processes: salivary amylase breaks down carbs
Bolus- mass of food chewed and moistened in mouth
Epiglottis- covers opening to trachea during swallowing
Esophagus- pathway food travels from mouth to stomach
Peristalsis- muscular contractions that move food through GI tractc

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