Pythagoras of Samos (US: /prs/;[1] UK: /pars/;[2] Greek:

Pythagras ho Smios "Pythagoras the Samian", or simply ; in

Ionian Greek; c. 570 c. 495 BC)[3][4] was an Ionian Greek philosopher, mathematician, and
putative founder of the Pythagoreanism movement. He is often revered as a great mathematician
and scientist and is best known for the Pythagorean theorem which bears his name.
Pythagorean theorem
Main article: Pythagorean theorem
See also: Thales' theorem

A visual proof of the Pythagorean theorem

Since the fourth century AD, Pythagoras has commonly been given credit for discovering the
Pythagorean theorem, a theorem in geometry that states that in a right-angled triangle the area of
the square on the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the areas of

the squares of the other two sidesthat is,

Aryabhata (IAST: ryabhaa) or Aryabhata I[2][3] (476550 CE)[4][5] was the first of the major
mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy.
His works include the ryabhaya (499 CE, when he was 23 years old)[6] and the Arya-
siddhanta.
Place value system and zero

The place-value system, first seen in the 3rd-century Bakhshali Manuscript, was clearly in place
in his work. While he did not use a symbol for zero, the French mathematician Georges Ifrah
argues that knowledge of zero was implicit in Aryabhata's place-value system as a place holder
for the powers of ten with null coefficients.[14]

However, Aryabhata did not use the Brahmi numerals. Continuing the Sanskritic tradition from
Vedic times, he used letters of the alphabet to denote numbers, expressing quantities, such as the
table of sines in a mnemonic form.[15]
Researcher uses math to investigate
possibility of time travel

After some serious number crunching, a UBC researcher has come up with a mathematical
model for a viable time machine.

Ben Tippett, a mathematics and physics instructor at UBC's Okanagan campus, recently
published a study about the feasibility of time travel. Tippett, whose field of expertise is
Einstein's theory of general relativity, studies black holes and science fiction when he's not
teaching. Using math and physics, he has created a formula that describes a method for time
travel.

"People think of time travel as something as fiction," says Tippett. "And we tend to think it's not
possible because we don't actually do it. But, mathematically, it is possible."
Understanding malaria with
mathematics
 Mathematical formulas that model how deadly mosquito-borne diseases spread can help medical
researchers accurately predict how real-life outbreaks develop and find countermeasures.

Malaria is just one of many potentially fatal illnesses that spread through the same mechanism:
mosquitoes draw blood from infected humans during blood meals then inject that infection into
other humans during later meals. In 2015, the World Health Organization estimated that about
214 million people in the world contracted malaria, killing nearly half a million.
Math activates same brain
region as great art or music.

People who appreciate the beauty of mathematics activate the same part of their brain when they
look at aesthetically pleasing formula as others do while cherishing art or music, scientists say.

The findings suggest that there is a neurobiological basis to beauty, researchers said.

Mathematicians often describe mathematical formulae in emotive terms and the experience of
mathematical beauty has often been compared by them to the experience of beauty derived from
the greatest art.
Archimedes of Syracuse (/kmidiz/;[2] Greek: ; c.287 c.212 BC) was a Greek
mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer.[3] Although few details of his life
are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity. Generally
considered the greatest mathematician of antiquity and one of the greatest of all time,[4][5]
Archimedes anticipated modern calculus and analysis by applying concepts of infinitesimals and
the method of exhaustion to derive and rigorously prove a range of geometrical theorems,
including the area of a circle, the surface area and volume of a sphere, and the area under a
parabola.[6]
In The Quadrature of the Parabola, Archimedes proved that the area enclosed by a parabola and
a straight line is 4/3 times the area of a corresponding inscribed triangle as shown in the figure at
right. He expressed the solution to the problem as an infinite geometric series with the common
ratio 1/4:

Blaise Pascal (/pskl, pskl/;[3] French: [blz paskal]; 19 June 1623 19 August 1662) was a French
mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Catholic theologian. He was a child prodigy who was
educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. Pascal's earliest work was in the natural and applied
sciences where he made important contributions to the study of fluids, and clarified the concepts of
pressure and vacuum by generalising the work of Evangelista Torricelli. Pascal also wrote in defence of
the scientific method.
Contributions to mathematics

Pascal's triangle. Each number is the sum of the two directly above it. The triangle demonstrates many
mathematical properties in addition to showing binomial coefficients.

Pascal continued to influence mathematics throughout his life. His Trait du triangle
arithmtique ("Treatise on the Arithmetical Triangle") of 1653 described a convenient tabular
presentation for binomial coefficients, now called Pascal's triangle. The triangle can also be
represented:

Srinivasa Iyengar Ramanujan FRS (Tamil: ; i/rinivs

rmndn/; 22 December 1887 26 April 1920) was an Indian mathematician and
autodidact who lived during the British Raj. Though he had almost no formal training in pure
mathematics, he made substantial contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite
series, and continued fractions. Ramanujan initially developed his own mathematical research in
isolation; it was quickly recognized by Indian mathematicians. When his skills became obvious
and known to the wider mathematical community, centred in Europe at the time, he began a
partnership with the English mathematician G. H. Hardy. The Cambridge professor realized that
Srinivasa Ramanujan had produced new theorems in addition to rediscovering previously known
ones.
One of the first problems he posed in the journal was:

He waited for a solution to be offered in three issues, over six months, but failed to receive any.
At the end, Ramanujan supplied the solution to the problem himself. On page 105 of his first
notebook, he formulated an equation that could be used to solve the infinitely nested radicals
problem.
Using this equation, the answer to the question posed in the Journal was simply 3, obtained by
setting x = 2, n = 1, and a = 0.[54] Ramanujan wrote his first formal paper for the Journal on the
properties of Bernoulli numbers. One property he discovered was that the denominators
(sequence A027642 in the OEIS) of the fractions of Bernoulli numbers were always divisible by
six. He also devised a method of calculating Bn based on previous Bernoulli numbers. One of
these methods follows:

It will be observed that if n is even but not equal to zero,

1. Bn is a fraction and the numerator of Bn/n in its lowest terms is a prime number,
2. the denominator of Bn contains each of the factors 2 and 3 once and only once,
3. 2n(2n 1)Bn/n is an integer and 2(2n 1)Bn consequently is an odd integer.