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Hydrochloric acid is a colorless, corrosive liquid that is highly irritating. It consists of hydrogen chloride gas dissolved in water. The document provides information on the physical and chemical properties of hydrochloric acid, including its molecular formula and weight. It also gives instructions for safely preparing standard 0.5M and 1M hydrochloric acid solutions through dilution calculations and describes the necessary precautions for handling concentrated hydrochloric acid.

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239 views

Solutions Lab

Hydrochloric acid is a colorless, corrosive liquid that is highly irritating. It consists of hydrogen chloride gas dissolved in water. The document provides information on the physical and chemical properties of hydrochloric acid, including its molecular formula and weight. It also gives instructions for safely preparing standard 0.5M and 1M hydrochloric acid solutions through dilution calculations and describes the necessary precautions for handling concentrated hydrochloric acid.

Uploaded by

reflectprakash3610
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hydrochloric Acid

Physical Properties
Hydrochloric acid, solution is a colorless watery liquid with a sharp, irritating odor. Consists of
hydrogen chloride, a gas, dissolved in water. Sinks and mixes with water.
Hydrochloric acid is a corrosive, strong mineral acid with many industrial uses.
A colorless,
when it reacts with an organic base it forms a hydrochloride salt.
Molecular Weight: 36.458 g/mol
Molecular Formula: HCl
Corrosive to metals and tissues and irritating to the eyes and respiratory system.

Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid


~36-36.5%
~11.8-12M
d=1.18g/cm3
Mr=36.5g/mol

0.5N Hydrochloric acid Standard Preparation


35-38% by volume is considered concentrated HCl.
Conc. HCl is about 12 molar.
To prepare any amount of a 0.5 M HCl solution, solve the equation:
V1xM1 = V2xM2
V1 is the unknown
M1 is 12 molar
V2 is the amount of 0.5 molar HCl you want to make.
M2 is the desired new concentration (0.5 molar)
I calculate to prepare 100 ml of 0.5 M HCl, add 4.16 ml of conc. HCl to 50 ml of water and dilute
up to 100 ml.
Precautions -
Always add the acid slowly to the water!, Add the acid to most of the water with stirring, then make
up to the final volume with more water.
Use glass or plastic impliments, not metal.
Fume hood
CAUTION - Instruction for Handling
HCl(conc.) strongly fumes.
Do it with ventillation and don't breathe the fumes.
HCl is the universal corrodant. Take a cloth wet with dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate and wipe
down the general area afterwards.

The RMM of Hcl=36 therefore in a 0.5M solution you need 18g per litre.
This is 1.8% solution.
If your solution is approx. 36%
Then diliute it one to ten to give you a 3.6%solution and then half again to give you 0.5M.(1.8%)
Never add Water to Acid.

1M HCl Preparation
The formula for dilution is (C1)(V1)=(C2)(V2).
Here C1=12M, V1 is unknown, C2=1M, and V2 is the amount of 1M HCl needed.
For example, if you want 200 mls of 1M HCl:
(12)(x)=(1)(200)
x=16.67 mls of 12M HCl
200-16.67=183.3 mls of H2O
Add 16.67 mls of 12M HCl to 183.3 mls of H2O to get 200 mls of 1M HCl

35% HCl contains 350 grams of HCl per 1000 grams (or ml) of water. What is desired is 10 ml of a
6 Normal (or molar) solution. The molecular weight of HCl is 36 grams/mole, so 6 normal would
be 216 grams per 1000 mls. This is equivalent to 2.16 grams per 10 milliliters (1000 ml = 1 liter).
35% HCl contains 0.350 grams per ml, so one would need 6.17 ml to give 2.16 grams. The other
3.82 ml will be pure water.

Type of Reagent
AR Grade Analytical Grade
LR Grade Laboratory Grade

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