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Chapter 4: Kinematics in 2D: X y X y

Here are the key steps to solve this problem: 1. Resolve the initial velocity into x and y components: vx1 = v0 cos θ = 10 m/s * cos 15° = 9.8 m/s vy1 = v0 sin θ = 10 m/s * sin 15° = 2.6 m/s 2. Use the kinematic equations for constant acceleration (ay = -g) to find the time and maximum height: y1 = vy1t + 1/2ay1t2 0 = 2.6 m/s t - 4.9 m/s2 t2 t = 1 s y1 = 2.6 m/s * 1

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111 views

Chapter 4: Kinematics in 2D: X y X y

Here are the key steps to solve this problem: 1. Resolve the initial velocity into x and y components: vx1 = v0 cos θ = 10 m/s * cos 15° = 9.8 m/s vy1 = v0 sin θ = 10 m/s * sin 15° = 2.6 m/s 2. Use the kinematic equations for constant acceleration (ay = -g) to find the time and maximum height: y1 = vy1t + 1/2ay1t2 0 = 2.6 m/s t - 4.9 m/s2 t2 t = 1 s y1 = 2.6 m/s * 1

Uploaded by

Mac Magsino
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 4: Kinematics in 2D

 Motion in a plane, vertical or horizontal


 But, the motion in the x- and y-directions are
independent, except that they are coupled by the
time
 Therefore, we can break the problem into x
and y ``parts
y
 We must use vectors:
displacement r = x + y r
velocity v = vx+ vy y
acceleration a = ax + ay
r x x
 Usually, ay = g y
Two Sets of Kinematic Equations
1 1
x f = x i + ( v xi + v xf )(t f  t i ) y f = y i + ( v yi + v yf )(t f - t i )
2 2
1 2
x f = x i + v xi (t f  t i ) + a x (t f  t i )
2 1 2
y f = y i + v yi ( t f - t i ) + a y (t f - t i )
2
v xf = v xi + a x (t f - t i ) v yf = v yi + a y (t f - t i )
2 2
v = v + 2a x (x f - x i )
xf xi
2
yf
2
v = v + 2a y (y f - y i )
yi

We can solve problems using the same methods as for 1D,


but now we need to consider both x and y components
simultaneously
Example: Motorcycle Jump
y v
Consider a motorcycle i

jumping between two


buildings separated by a y
distance x. The
difference in heights of
the buildings is y. What
initial velocity must the
motorcycle have to just x
make it to the other x
building? What is the vxi = ?, vyi = 0
time to cross to the other ax = 0, ay = -g
building? What is the
final velocity on impact?
 The x-component vxf of the velocity remains constant
throughout the flight time, vxf=vxi,
- we neglect air resistance
- ax = 0
- therefore, nothing to affect x-motion
 Because of gravity, once the motorcycle is in the air, its
speed in the y-direction vyf increases from zero, points
down, and therefore the height decreases
 The magnitude of vxi
the resultant velocity vx1 = vxi
also increases and the 1
v1
angle of the resultant vy1
velocity vector (with Vx2= vxi
respect to the x-axis)
2
changes
v v2
y2
 x-direction motion is the same as if
motion occurred on a flat surface
 y-direction motion is equivalent to
dropping the motorcycle

What about 2D motion in the horizontal plane?


 No acceleration due to gravity
x
 Can rotate coordinate system to
reduce problem to 1D v
- if the motion is in a
z
straight line
z x
 If motion has a curvature
- must be treated as 2D
(topic of 6.5 and ch. 10)
Return to Motorcycle Problem
x-direction
1. x = (vxi+vxf)/2 t = vxi t  t = x/vxi
2. Same information as first equation
3. vxf=vxi since ax=0
4. Same information as third equation
y-direction
1. y = (vyf t)/2  vyf = 2y/ t
2. y = -gt2/2  t = (-2y/g)
3. vyf= -g t
4. v2yf= -2g y *three different ways to get vyf
x  2y g
t = =  v xi = x
v xi g 2y
What is the final velocity when motorcycle lands
on the other roof?
We know from the 3rd x-direction equation that:
vxf = vxi
Therefore we need only vyf. From 4th y-
direction equation:

2 2 2 2 gy
vf = v + v
xf yf = v  2 gy = v xi
xi 1 2
v xi
If y0 or g0 or vxi, then vfvxi
If y- or g or vxi0, then vfvyf

Lets add some numbers:


x = 50.0 ft, y = -20.0 ft, g=32.2 ft/s2
vxi= x(-g/(2 y))=(50.0 ft) ((-32.2 ft/s2)/(2(-20.0 ft)))
= 44.9 ft/s
t = x/vxi = (50.0 ft)/(44.9 ft/s) = 1.11 s
Or t = (-2 y/g) = (-2(-20.0 ft))/(32.2 ft/s2)) = 1.11 s
vyf = -g t = -(32.2 ft/s2)(1.11s) = -35.9 ft/s
Or vyf = - (-2g y) = - (-2(32.2 ft/s2 )(-20.0 ft))
= -35.9 ft/s
2 2
vf = v + vxf yf
= [(44.9 ft/s) 2 +(35.9 ft/s)2]

y
= 57.5 ft/s
 = sin-1(vyf/vf) = sin-1(-35.9/57.5) = -38.6 vxf
 x
vf = 57.5 ft/s @ - 38.6 vyf

vf
Example Problem
A soccer player kicks the soccer ball
with an initial speed of 50 ft/s at an
angle of 37 with respect to the
horizontal. Find the maximum height of
the balls trajectory and the time it is at
that point.
Given: v0=50 ft/s, 0= 37 , vy1=0
Take: t0=0, y0=0
Find: t1=? and y1=h=?
Example Problem
A skier leaves a ramp of a ski jump with
a velocity of 10.0 m/s, 15.0 above the
horizontal. He lands on a slope of
incline 50.0. Neglecting air resistance,
find (a) the distance from the ramp to
where the jumper lands and (b) the
velocity components just before
landing.

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