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PAD FOOTING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN (BS8110-1:1997)

TEDDS calculation version 2.0.05.06

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Pad footing details

Length of pad footing; L = 2500 mm
Width of pad footing; B = 1500 mm
Area of pad footing; A = L B = 3.750 m2
Depth of pad footing; h = 400 mm
Depth of soil over pad footing; hsoil = 200 mm
Density of concrete; conc = 23.6 kN/m3

Column details
Column base length; lA = 300 mm
Column base width; bA = 300 mm
Column eccentricity in x; ePxA = -500 mm
Column eccentricity in y; ePyA = 0 mm
Soil details
Density of soil; soil = 20.0 kN/m3
Design shear strength; = 25.0 deg
Design base friction; = 19.3 deg
Allowable bearing pressure; Pbearing = 150 kN/m2
Axial loading on column
Dead axial load on column; PGA = 40.0 kN
Imposed axial load on column; PQA = 100.0 kN
Wind axial load on column; PWA = 0.0 kN
Total axial load on column; PA = 140.0 kN
Foundation loads
Dead surcharge load; FGsur = 0.000 kN/m2
Imposed surcharge load; FQsur = 0.000 kN/m2
Pad footing self weight; Fswt = h conc = 9.440 kN/m2
Soil self weight; Fsoil = hsoil soil = 4.000 kN/m2
Total foundation load; F = A (FGsur + FQsur + Fswt + Fsoil) = 50.4 kN
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Horizontal loading on column base

Dead horizontal load in x direction; HGxA = 0.0 kN
Imposed horizontal load in x direction; HQxA = 0.0 kN
Wind horizontal load in x direction; HWxA = 25.0 kN
Total horizontal load in x direction; HxA = 25.0 kN
Dead horizontal load in y direction; HGyA = 0.0 kN
Imposed horizontal load in y direction; HQyA = 0.0 kN
Wind horizontal load in y direction; HWyA = 0.0 kN
Total horizontal load in y direction; HyA = 0.0 kN
Moment on column base
Dead moment on column in x direction; MGxA = 25.000 kNm
Imposed moment on column in x direction; MQxA = 50.000 kNm
Wind moment on column in x direction; MWxA = 25.000 kNm
Total moment on column in x direction; MxA = 100.000 kNm
Dead moment on column in y direction; MGyA = 0.000 kNm
Imposed moment on column in y direction; MQyA = 0.000 kNm
Wind moment on column in y direction; MWyA = 0.000 kNm
Total moment on column in y direction; MyA = 0.000 kNm
Check stability against sliding
Resistance to sliding due to base friction
Hfriction = max([PGA + (FGsur + Fswt + Fsoil) A], 0 kN) tan() = 31.7 kN
Passive pressure coefficient; Kp = (1 + sin()) / (1 - sin()) = 2.464

Stability against sliding in x direction

Passive resistance of soil in x direction; Hxpas = 0.5 Kp (h2 + 2 h hsoil) B soil = 11.8 kN
Total resistance to sliding in x direction; Hxres = Hfriction + Hxpas = 43.5 kN
PASS - Resistance to sliding is greater than horizontal load in x direction
Check stability against overturning in x direction
Total overturning moment; MxOT = MxA + HxA h = 110.000 kNm

Restoring moment in x direction

Foundation loading; Mxsur = A (FGsur + Fswt + Fsoil) L / 2 = 63.000 kNm
Axial loading on column; Mxaxial = (PGA) (L / 2 - ePxA) = 70.000 kNm
Total restoring moment; Mxres = Mxsur + Mxaxial = 133.000 kNm
PASS - Restoring moment is greater than overturning moment in x direction
Calculate pad base reaction
Total base reaction; T = F + PA = 190.4 kN
Eccentricity of base reaction in x; eTx = (PA ePxA + MxA + HxA h) / T = 210 mm
Eccentricity of base reaction in y; eTy = (PA ePyA + MyA + HyA h) / T = 0 mm

Check pad base reaction eccentricity

abs(eTx) / L + abs(eTy) / B = 0.084
Base reaction acts within middle third of base
Calculate pad base pressures
q1 = T / A - 6 T eTx / (L A) - 6 T eTy / (B A) = 25.173 kN/m2
q2 = T / A - 6 T eTx / (L A) + 6 T eTy / (B A) = 25.173 kN/m2
q3 = T / A + 6 T eTx / (L A) - 6 T eTy / (B A) = 76.373 kN/m2
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q4 = T / A + 6 T eTx / (L A) + 6 T eTy / (B A) = 76.373 kN/m2

Minimum base pressure; qmin = min(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 25.173 kN/m2
Maximum base pressure; qmax = max(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 76.373 kN/m2
PASS - Maximum base pressure is less than allowable bearing pressure

2 2
25.2 kN/m 76.4 kN/m

2 2
25.2 kN/m 76.4 kN/m

Partial safety factors for loads

Partial safety factor for dead loads; fG = 1.40
Partial safety factor for imposed loads; fQ = 1.60
Partial safety factor for wind loads; fW = 0.00

Ultimate axial loading on column

Ultimate axial load on column; PuA = PGA fG + PQA fQ + PWA fW = 216.0 kN

Ultimate foundation loads

Ultimate foundation load; Fu = A [(FGsur + Fswt + Fsoil) fG + FQsur fQ] = 70.6 kN

Ultimate horizontal loading on column

Ultimate horizontal load in x direction; HxuA = HGxA fG + HQxA fQ + HWxA fW = 0.0 kN
Ultimate horizontal load in y direction; HyuA = HGyA fG + HQyA fQ + HWyA fW = 0.0 kN

Ultimate moment on column

Ultimate moment on column in x direction; MxuA = MGxA fG + MQxA fQ + MWxA fW = 115.000 kNm
Ultimate moment on column in y direction; MyuA = MGyA fG + MQyA fQ + MWyA fW = 0.000 kNm

Calculate ultimate pad base reaction

Ultimate base reaction; Tu = Fu + PuA = 286.6 kN
Eccentricity of ultimate base reaction in x; eTxu = (PuA ePxA + MxuA + HxuA h) / Tu = 24 mm
Eccentricity of ultimate base reaction in y; eTyu = (PuA ePyA + MyuA + HyuA h) / Tu = 0 mm

Calculate ultimate pad base pressures

q1u = Tu/A - 6TueTxu/(LA) - 6TueTyu/(BA) = 71.936 kN/m2
q2u = Tu/A - 6TueTxu/(LA) + 6Tu eTyu/(BA) = 71.936 kN/m2
q3u = Tu/A + 6TueTxu/(LA) - 6TueTyu/(BA) = 80.896 kN/m2
q4u = Tu/A + 6TueTxu/(LA) + 6TueTyu/(BA) = 80.896 kN/m2
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Minimum ultimate base pressure; qminu = min(q1u, q2u, q3u, q4u) = 71.936 kN/m2
Maximum ultimate base pressure; qmaxu = max(q1u, q2u, q3u, q4u) = 80.896 kN/m2
Calculate rate of change of base pressure in x direction
Left hand base reaction; fuL = (q1u + q2u) B / 2 = 107.904 kN/m
Right hand base reaction; fuR = (q3u + q4u) B / 2 = 121.344 kN/m
Length of base reaction; Lx = L = 2500 mm
Rate of change of base pressure; Cx = (fuR - fuL) / Lx = 5.376 kN/m/m
Calculate pad lengths in x direction
Left hand length; LL = L / 2 + ePxA = 750 mm
Right hand length; LR = L / 2 - ePxA = 1750 mm
Calculate ultimate moments in x direction
Ultimate moment in x direction; Mx = fuL LL2 / 2 + Cx LL3 / 6 - Fu LL2 / (2 L) + MxuA = 137.788 kNm

Calculate rate of change of base pressure in y direction

Top edge base reaction; fuT = (q2u + q4u) L / 2 = 191.040 kN/m
Bottom edge base reaction; fuB = (q1u + q3u) L / 2 = 191.040 kN/m
Length of base reaction; Ly = B = 1500 mm
Rate of change of base pressure; Cy = (fuB - fuT) / Ly = 0.000 kN/m/m
Calculate pad lengths in y direction
Top length; LT = B / 2 - ePyA = 750 mm
Bottom length; LB = B / 2 + ePyA = 750 mm
Calculate ultimate moments in y direction
Ultimate moment in y direction; My = fuT LT2 / 2 + Cy LT3 / 6 - Fu LT2 / (2 B) = 40.500 kNm

Material details
Characteristic strength of concrete; fcu = 30 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement; fy = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of shear reinforcement; fyv = 500 N/mm2
Nominal cover to reinforcement; cnom = 30 mm
Moment design in x direction
Diameter of tension reinforcement; xB = 12 mm
Depth of tension reinforcement; dx = h - cnom - xB / 2 = 364 mm

Design formula for rectangular beams (cl 3.4.4.4)

Kx = Mx / (B dx2 fcu) = 0.023
Kx = 0.156
Kx < Kx' compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm; zx = dx min([0.5 + (0.25 - Kx / 0.9)], 0.95) = 346 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; As_x_req = Mx / (0.87 fy zx) = 916 mm2
Minimum area of tension reinforcement; As_x_min = 0.0013 B h = 780 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided; 9 No. 12 dia. bars bottom (175 centres)
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As_xB_prov = NxB xB2 / 4 = 1018 mm2
PASS - Tension reinforcement provided exceeds tension reinforcement required
Moment design in y direction
Diameter of tension reinforcement; yB = 12 mm
Depth of tension reinforcement; dy = h - cnom - xB - yB / 2 = 352 mm
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Design formula for rectangular beams (cl 3.4.4.4)

Ky = My / (L dy2 fcu) = 0.004
Ky = 0.156
Ky < Ky' compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm; zy = dy min([0.5 + (0.25 - Ky / 0.9)], 0.95) = 334 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; As_y_req = My / (0.87 fy zy) = 278 mm2
Minimum area of tension reinforcement; As_y_min = 0.0013 L h = 1300 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided; 13 No. 12 dia. bars bottom (200 centres)
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As_yB_prov = NyB yB2 / 4 = 1470 mm2
PASS - Tension reinforcement provided exceeds tension reinforcement required
Calculate ultimate shear force at d from right face of column
Ultimate pressure for shear; qsu = (q1u + Cx (L / 2 + ePxA + lA / 2 + dx) / B + q4u) / 2
qsu = 78.681 kN/m2
Area loaded for shear; As = B min(3 (L / 2 - eTx), L / 2 - ePxA - lA / 2 - dx) = 1.854 m2
Ultimate shear force; Vsu = As (qsu - Fu / A) = 110.990 kN

Shear stresses at d from right face of column (cl 3.5.5.2)

Design shear stress; vsu = Vsu / (B dx) = 0.203 N/mm2

From BS 8110:Part 1:1997 - Table 3.8

Design concrete shear stress; vc = 0.79 N/mm2 min(3, [100 As_xB_prov / (B dx)]1/3) max((400 mm /
dx)1/4, 0.67) (min(fcu / 1 N/mm2, 40) / 25)1/3 / 1.25 = 0.393 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8 N/mm2 (fcu / 1 N/mm2), 5 N/mm2) = 4.382 N/mm2
PASS - vsu < vc - No shear reinforcement required
Calculate ultimate punching shear force at face of column
Ultimate pressure for punching shear; qpuA = q1u+[(L/2+ePxA-lA/2)+(lA)/2]Cx/B-[(B/2+ePyA-bA/2)+(bA)/2]Cy/L =
74.624 kN/m2
Average effective depth of reinforcement; d = (dx + dy) / 2 = 358 mm
Area loaded for punching shear at column; ApA = (lA)(bA) = 0.090 m2
Length of punching shear perimeter; upA = 2(lA)+2(bA) = 1200 mm
Ultimate shear force at shear perimeter; VpuA = PuA + (Fu / A - qpuA) ApA = 210.977 kN
Effective shear force at shear perimeter; VpuAeff = VpuA[1+1.5abs(MxuA)/(VpuA(bA))] = 785.977 kN

Punching shear stresses at face of column (cl 3.7.7.2)

Design shear stress; vpuA = VpuAeff / (upA d) = 1.830 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8N/mm2 (fcu / 1 N/mm2), 5 N/mm2) = 4.382 N/mm2
PASS - Design shear stress is less than allowable design shear stress
Calculate ultimate punching shear force at perimeter of 1.5 d from face of column
Ultimate pressure for punching shear; qpuA1.5d = q1u+[(L/2+ePxA-lA/2-1.5d)+(lA+21.5d)/2]Cx/B-[(B/2+ePyA-
bA/2-1.5d)+(bA+21.5d)/2]Cy/L = 74.624 kN/m2
Average effective depth of reinforcement; d = (dx + dy) / 2 = 358 mm
Area loaded for punching shear at column; ApA1.5d = (lA+21.5d)(bA+21.5d) = 1.888 m2
Length of punching shear perimeter; upA1.5d = 2(lA+21.5d)+2(bA+21.5d) = 5496 mm
Ultimate shear force at shear perimeter; VpuA1.5d = PuA + (Fu / A - qpuA1.5d) ApA1.5d = 110.641 kN
Effective shear force at shear perimeter; VpuA1.5deff = VpuA1.5d[1+1.5abs(MxuA)/(VpuA1.5d(bA+21.5d))] = 236.187
kN
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Punching shear stresses at perimeter of 1.5 d from face of column (cl 3.7.7.2)
Design shear stress; vpuA1.5d = VpuA1.5deff / (upA1.5d d) = 0.120 N/mm2

From BS 8110:Part 1:1997 - Table 3.8

Design concrete shear stress; vc = 0.79 N/mm2 min(3, [100 (As_xB_prov / (B dx) + As_yB_prov / (L
dy)) / 2]1/3) max((800 mm / (dx + dy))1/4, 0.67) (min(fcu / 1 N/mm2, 40)
/ 25)1/3 / 1.25 = 0.388 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8N/mm2 (fcu / 1 N/mm2), 5 N/mm2) = 4.382 N/mm2
PASS - vpuA1.5d < vc - No shear reinforcement required

13 No. 12 dia. bars btm (200 c/c)

9 No. 12 dia. bars btm (175 c/c)

Shear at d from column face

Punching shear perimeter at 1.5 d from column face