Engineer Standards

CAP1528 Guidance Material

Guidance for assessing the qualifications, skills,
competency and the revalidation of Part 147
Instructors, Knowledge Examiners, Exam
Invigilators and Practical Assessors
(Replaces CAA Standards Document 46 v1)
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Index

Abbreviations and Terms ........................................................................................... 3

1. General ...................................................................................................................... 3
2. Definitions .................................................................................................................. 4
3. Engineering Instructor requirements ........................................................................... 4
4. Knowledge Examiner requirements .......................................................................... 10
5. Exam Invigilator requirements .................................................................................. 11
6. Practical Assessor requirements .............................................................................. 12
7. The continuation of an instructor, knowledge examiner and
practical assessors authorisation. ............................................................................ 13
8. Revalidation of Authorisation .................................................................................... 13
9. 'Grandfathering' ........................................................................................................ 14
10. Additional guidance .................................................................................................. 14

Civil Aviation Authority

Aviation House
Gatwick Airport South
West Sussex RH6 0YR

e-mail: [email protected]

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Abbreviations and Terms

AMC Acceptable means of Compliance

EI Engineering instructors

GM Guidance material

KE Knowledge examiners

MTOE Maintenance Training Organisation Exposition

NCVQ National Council Vocational

NPA Notice of Proposed Amendment

PA Practical assessors

1. General

This document is intended to provide guidance to UK Part 147 training organisations, for the
initial assessment of qualifications, competencies and skills for the appointment of
Engineering Instructors, Knowledge Examiners and Practical Assessors in respect of
compliance with EC Regulation 1321/2014. This document re-affirms the guidance given in
EASA UG.CAO.00014-002. It also provides guidance for the Continuance / Revalidation of
existing Part 147 Instructors, Knowledge Examiners and Practical Assessors.

The Assessment process and the Continuance / Revalidation process should be developed
by the Maintenance Training Organisation and referenced in the relevant Maintenance
Training Organisation Exposition (MTOE).

Training organisations should retain a record of the Instructors, Knowledge Examiners and
Practical Assessors training, qualifications and experience for an indefinite period as well as
ensuring that ALL instructional staff are issued with copies of their Personal Authorisation
Certificates.

A record system should be established within the organisation to record the skills,
proficiencies and competencies for the continuance / revalidation of Instructors, Knowledge
examiners and Practical assessors within the approved training organisation. Periodicity of
these checks should be recorded and retained in the individuals personal training record file.

The UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) or any representative assigned by EASA shall have
access to these records during compliance audits.

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2. Definitions

"Expect" and "Should" are used to indicate strong obligation.

"May" is used to indicate discretion.

Qualification assessment: A check of the authenticity of the applicants Curriculum Vitae

(CV), Training certificates and experience.

Revalidation Check: A periodic review carried out by the training organisation to check
instructors recency in accordance with the Part 147 regulation.

Scope of approval document: A personal approval document (commonly referred to as a

Personal Authorisation Certificate or PAC) indicates the scope of approval for each instructor
/ examiner / practical assessor. The document should list subjects and or modules that the
individual is approved to deliver / examine / assess. This document must be issued to the
instructor/assessor/examiner and be produced to a member of the competent authority upon
request.

"Shall" and "Must" are used to indicate a mandatory requirement.

Skills Test: demonstration of knowledge and skill.

Update training: The scope of this training can include, but is not restricted to: changes in
technologies, new instructional techniques and knowledge of aircraft maintenance processes
etc.

3. Engineering Instructor requirements

General

All Aircraft Basic skills and type training Instructors whether permanently or temporally
employed, must have undergone an Instructional techniques training course and be able to
demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the EASA Part 66 and 147 regulatory
requirements. Additionally they should have a practical working knowledge of the
Maintenance Training Organisations Exposition (MTOE) and associated training procedures.

All Engineering instructors, Knowledge examiners and Practical assessors permanently

employed within the Part 147 must be listed in Part 1.5 of the MTOE, (List of Maintenance
Training Instructors, Knowledge Examiners and Practical Assessors).

Engineering instructors may with the approval of the CAA also hold other positions within the
training organisations, i.e. Knowledge examiner, Practical assessor; these other roles must
be clearly identified against the individual within the relevant MTOE and on their Personal
Authorisation Certificates.

All sub contracted Basic and Type instructors are to be vetted and assessed prior to the
commencement or delivery of any training. The assessment process is to consist of a face
to face event with the training manager or deputy. The process should also include a
presentation demonstration to ascertain the applicants levels of subject knowledge; delivery

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skills and techniques. All such assessment are to be recorded and retained by the training
organisation.

Type Training Theory Instructor

The basic criteria for an aircraft Type training instructor must be, either:

a) Hold an aircraft maintenance engineers licence endorsed with the type rating
relevant to the type course being taught and successfully completed a formal
instructional techniques course.

or

b) Hold an aeronautical / electrical or mechanical engineering degree and

successfully completed a formal instructors techniques course.

or

c) Have evidence of previous employment as an aeronautical type-training

instructor. (Grandfather Rights will be given to any individual who can
satisfactorily demonstrate previous employment as an Instructor however before
being permitted to instruct they must demonstrate satisfactory update training.

and

d) 3 years of relevant experience, including 1 year of experience on the relevant

A/C type(s). The experience must be representative of the elements(s) to be
taught and gained in civil aviation environment or acceptable equivalent
(maintenance, engineering, design organisation, etc...). This requirement does
not necessarily apply for new type- certified aircraft. Contact the competent
Authority for these specific cases.

With respect to para: b) and c) above the prospective Type training instructor should
undergo a type course specific to the category and type to be taught. This must be
evidenced by:

i) A Part 147 Certificate of Recognition** (training + exam) issued by an approved

Part 147 maintenance training organisation for a type training (level 3)
successfully received on the relevant A/C(s) and including theory & practical.
The Certificate of recognition should address the category of license
corresponding to the specialty of the instructor (ie B2 for an avionic instructor)

and

ii) A refresher/update course on the concerned A/C type if the instructor has not
instructed the concerned A/C type(s) in a Part 147 environment during the two
years preceding its employment in the current 147 organisation.

In order to avoid conflicts of interest, the Part 147 exam should not be attended in the Part
147 organisation where the instructor is to exercise its privileges, unless specific measures
are taken and accepted by the competent Authority to demonstrate that the integrity of the
examination is ensured.

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The instructor should attend a number of lesson sit-ins of the type-training course on the
material he or she is to deliver.

The instructor should then prepare and deliver a training session in a monitored
environment, attended and assessed either by the training manager or his delegated
representative as part of the organisations assessment process, prior to the instructor being
approved to deliver a course.

Acceptance of other type-training courses and their Accreditation

Other type-training courses received in a non-Part 147 organisation (including theory and
practical elements) can only be considered for acceptance when the curriculum/level of the
course is equivalent to Part 66 Appendix 3.

In order to get these courses accredited for the purpose of satisfying qualification
requirements, the equivalency of the course shall be demonstrated by the maintenance
training organization by following these principles:

When a Part 147 maintenance training organisation intends to nominate training staff not
having attended the relevant type training course in an approved Part 147 maintenance
training organisation (so the instructor does not hold a Part 147 type training certificate), the
internal Quality system of the Part 147 organisation has to demonstrate the equivalency of
the other course by reviewing and assessing the following items:

1. Type training syllabus:

Syllabus levels for the type training should be assessed for equivalence to Part
66 Appendix III for the relevant license-category;
2. Type training course length:
Verify that the course length is equivalent to an EASA Part 147 course for the
same or similar aircraft type.
3. Type training course provider:
Record the course provider. Assess as far as it is possible that the training
documentation/ material came from a reputable source.
4. Category of type training:
Ensure that course completed by the Type instructor is relevant to the scope of
the license category intended for the course that is to be included in the
individuals approval (e.g. avionic = avionic type training course and not
Airframe/power plant).
5. Theoretical and practical training:
Verify that the course covered the theoretical and practical elements. If the
training covered only the theoretical aspect, then the practical training shall be
justified separately. In this case it should be noted that the practical training may
have been carried out in the past as an structured OJT when the applicant was
under the control of an approved maintenance organisation before
CR(EU)1149/2011 became effective.
6. Examination:
Verify that individual training course certificates and the associated examination
results are available. Verification that the exam result is at least equivalent to
Part-66 requirements; Review, when available, the examination paper and
assess the multi-choice questions (number of multi-choice question per hour of

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training, pertinence of the questions, etc.).Update Training for Type Training

Theory Instructor.

Update training should consist of 35 hours. It may be sub-divided over 24 months into more
than one element and should include such activities as awareness of the latest training
techniques, any specific technical upgrade to the aircraft type, attendance at relevant
lectures and symposiums etc. appropriate to the knowledge being trained. Records should
indicate when update training was scheduled and when it took place for each instructor /
examiner and practical assessor. The update training must also evidence compliance in both
THEORY skills.

Basic Training Instructor

The basic criteria for an aircraft Basic skills instructor must be, to either:

a) Comply with any of the requirements listed in 3.1

and

Hold a Part 66 aircraft maintenance engineer license applicable to the relevant

category/sub-category

or

b) Provide evidence of previous employment as a basic mechanical or electrical

engineering training instructor

or

c) Hold an aeronautical / electrical or mechanical engineering degree and have

successfully completed a formal instructors techniques course

or

d) Provide evidence of previous employment as a technical training instructor

and

e) 1 year of relevant experience in a civil aviation environment for those instructors

nominated to teach Modules 11,12,13,14,15,16,17. The experience must be
adapted to cover the subject to be taught, and gained in an aviation engineering
dept. or in a line/base maintenance AMO. This should be increased to 3 years of
relevant experience in civil aviation environment (aeronautical maintenance), or
acceptable equivalent, for those instructors nominated to teach Module 7; the
experience must be also representative of the subject(s) to be taught.

NOTE: For individuals involved with the instruction of Modules 1 and 2 ONLY, an academic
teaching qualification, relevant to the modules being taught is acceptable. No
requirement of specialty experience has been defined for instructors nominated to
teach the remaining Modules of Part 66 Basic syllabus; however practical
experience in A/C maintenance, design or production activities is considered
advantageous; the advantage for the instructor is to understand the practical

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applications of a scientific knowledge, and therefore to better appreciate the

knowledge that the student must receive.

On meeting the criteria as stated above; the prospective Basic training instructor should
attend training on the specific Part 66 module to be taught.

Ideally the Basic Skills Instructor should attend a number of lesson sit-ins of the specific
Basic Part 66 module course he is to deliver, in a monitored environment, attended and
assessed by either, the training manager, or his delegated representative, as part of the
organisations assessment process, prior to the instructor being approved to deliver a course

Update Training for the Basic Training Instructor

Update training should consist of minimum of 35 hours. It may be sub-divided over 24

months into more than one element and should include such activities as awareness of the
latest training techniques, any specific technical upgrade to the aircraft type, attendance at
relevant lectures and symposiums etc. appropriate to the knowledge being trained. Records
should indicate when update training was scheduled and when it took place for each
instructor / examiner and practical assessor.

Part 147 Requirements

All Part 147 Basic and Type Instructors should be listed in Part 1.5 of the MTOE. (List of
training instructors, knowledge examiners and practical assessors). This list should identify
the scope of authorisation for each instructor i.e. B1, B2, B757, B777, Airbus 340 etc. The
Part 147 organisation should ensure that the scope of authorisation for each instructor,
including any sub-contracted instructor, is current and applicable to the subject being taught.

The Part 147 organisations should ensure that all staff remain conversant with the
requirements of Part 66 / 147 and associated AMCs, Guidance notes and NPAs through
update training.

Part 147 training organisations that employ sub-contracted instructors should maintain a
record of the courses instructed and identify the amount of experience gained in each
discipline.

A record of instructor / examiner recency check should be retained, by the Part 147 training
organisation, demonstrating at least 35 hours of update training carried out over a 24 month
period, in both THEORY & PRACTICAL skills (as applicable). And be able to be produced
during audit by the competent authority.

Type Training Practical Instructor:

Basic criteria for an aircraft Type training instructor must be, either Speciality
Knowledge:

a) A Part 147 Certificate of Recognition (training + examination + practical

assessment) issued by a Part 147 training organisation for a type training (level
3) successfully received on the relevant A/C(s) and including theory & practical**.
The Certificate of recognition should address the category of licence
corresponding to the speciality of the instructor (ie B2 for an avionic instructor)

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and

b) A refresher/update course on the concerned A/C type if the instructor has not
instructed the concerned A/C type(s) in a Part 147 environment during the two
years preceding its employment in the current 147 organisation.

or

c) a type training (theory + practical) received in a non Part 147 organisation***.

The curriculum/ level of the course must comply with Part 66 appendix 3.

and

d) A refresher/update course on the concerned A/C type if the instructor has not
instructed the concerned A/C type(s) in a Part 147 environment during the two
years preceding its employment in the current 147 organisation.

or

e) A specialised training (ie hydraulics) on the relevant A/C type(s). The curriculum/
level of the course must comply with at least with Part 66 appendix 3. The scope
of instruction must be limited to the relevant speciality.

and

A refresher/update course on the concerned A/C type or A/C type concerned

systems if the instructor has not instructed the concerned A/C type(s) in a Part
147 environment during the two years preceding its employment in the current
147 organisation.

NOTES:

1) **In order to avoid conflicts of interest, the Part 147 examination & practical
assessment should not be attended in the Part 147 organisation where the
instructor is to exercise its privileges unless specific measures are taken and
accepted by the surveyor to demonstrate that the integrity of the examination is
ensured.
2) ***In order to avoid conflicts of interest, the exam & practical assessment must not
be attended in the organisation where the instructor is to exercise its privileges.

Or Pedagogical Skills i.e:

a) Instructor Certificate delivered by a legal entity recognised by its local authorities and
acceptable to the national authority where the instructor will exercise his privileges*

or

b) completion of a Train the trainer course

or

c) a practical instructor privilege (documented) granted by the Maintenance

organisation when this part is contracted out (note: an administrative assessment of
the competency is still required to be completed and documented by the Part 147

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training organisation to determine how the maintenance organisation qualifies

internal instructors)

or

d) Assessment performed and documented by the Training Organisations Training

Manager (if himself appropriately qualified as practical instructor and in accordance
with an MTOE procedure).

and

Be acceptable to the Competent Authority, following an in-situ audit in actual training

conditions.

Update Training for the Practical Instructor

Update training should consist of minimum of 35 hours. It may be sub-divided over 24

months into more than one element and should include such activities as awareness of the
latest training techniques, any specific technical upgrade to the aircraft type, attendance at
relevant lectures and symposiums etc. Records should indicate when update training was
scheduled and when it took place for each instructor / examiner and practical assessor. The
update training must also evidence compliance in PRACTICAL skills and evidencing where
possible application of use of practical involvement (i.e: Being involved in maintenance
activities such as: Engines Changes, component removals/refits, BITE tests, detailed system
tests, structural repairs etc).

4. Knowledge Examiner requirements

General

All Knowledge examiners must be able demonstrate an understanding of the EASA Part 66
and 147 regulatory requirements and a comprehensive working knowledge of the MTOE
document and associated training procedures.

All Part 147 Knowledge examiners should be listed in Part 1.5 of the MTOE, (List of Training
Instructors, Knowledge Examiners and Practical Assessors).

A Knowledge Examiner may at the discretion of the CAA also hold other positions within the
training organisation, i.e. Engineering Instructor or Practical assessor; these other roles must
be clearly identified against the individual within the relevant MTOE and on their personal
Authorisation Certificate.

Note: A Knowledge Examiner shall not issue an examination paper or invigilate an

examination in a subject area where he/she has acted as an instructor.

An organisation may appoint a Chief Knowledge Examiner (Examination Manager). This

person should submit an EASA Form 4 to the CAA for approval prior to inclusion into the
MTOE Para 1.2.

Note: Knowledge Examiners listed in the MTOE Para 1.5, appointed by a Chief
Knowledge Examiner, are not required to submit an EASA Form 4.

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Qualifying the Knowledge Examiner

The knowledge examiner must be:

a. Meet the same criteria as the theoretical instructor of either the concerned Basic
Modules (i.e. examiner for Module 11 should meet the criteria of instructor for
Module 11) or Type Training elements (i.e. examiner for navigation topic meet
the criteria of navigation elements instructor for type-training)

or

b) Evidence completion of a train the examiner course to a nationally recognised

standard.

and

c) Conversant with the Part 66 syllabus that details the level of number and level of
questions per module

and

d) Able to compile both written and multi choice question papers and, in the case of
the written papers supply a model answer sheet detailing the marking guide

and

e) Able to mark and analyse the students responses and provide feedback to the
instructor / training manager, detailing any inconsistencies with the examination
results or process.

5. Exam Invigilator requirements

An Exam Invigilator is understood to be someone who is appointed by the maintenance

training organization for ensuring the proper conduct of a particular examination in
accordance with the examination procedures of the organisation. The nomination of such
person can be either permanent, for those examinations taking place in one of the approved
training addresses, or an ad-hoc one, for those venues taking place away from approved
facilities (one-off Remote site). The non-permanent nomination is understood to be valid
only when the maintenance training organization includes an acceptable procedure at
approved MTOE to control the suitability of the allocated person in terms of integrity and
independence.

Accordingly with this, when nominated in advance, Exam invigilators could be listed in Part
1.5 of the MTOE, and they can may also hold other positions within the training
organisations, (i.e. Knowledge examiner, Practical assessor); these other roles must be
clearly identified against the individual within the relevant MTOE.

In all the cases, invigilators must be conversant with Part 147 requirements related with the
integrity of examination and security of exam questions, and with specific procedures
approved for the maintenance training organization for the conduction of examination
venues. As a minimum, this should be evidenced by a documented familiarization with the

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specific examination procedures and requirements (i.e. organisation of exam venues,

security of questions and exam papers before and after the venues, etc...) as described in
the approved Training organisations exposition (MTOE).

Note: A Knowledge Examiner shall not issue an examination paper or invigilate an

examination in a subject area where he/she has acted as an instructor.

6. Practical Assessor requirements

General

All Part 147 nominated Practical Assessors, whether permanently or temporally employed,
must demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the EASA Part 66 and 147 regulatory
requirements; additionally they should demonstrate a comprehensive practical working
knowledge of the MTOE document and associated training procedures.

Practical Assessors should be listed in Part 1.5 of the MTOE, (List of Training Instructors,
Knowledge Examiners and Practical Assessors). This list should identify the scope of
authorisation for each Practical Assessor i.e. B1, B2, B757, B777, Airbus 340 etc and be
clearly shown on their Personal Authorisation Certificate.

Practical Assessors may also hold other positions within the training organisations, i.e.
Engineering Instructor or Knowledge examination; these other roles must be clearly
identified against the individual MTOE.

The Practical Assessor should assist instructional personnel in developing the practical
training tasks and assessment criteria.

An organisation may appoint a Chief Assessor; this person should submit an EASA Form 4
to the CAA for approval prior to inclusion into the MTOE Para 1.2.

Note: Practical Assessors listed in the MTOE Para 1.2, appointed by the Chief Assessor,
are not required to submit an EASA Form 4.

Qualifying the Practical assessor

The Practical Assessor must either:

a. Meet the same criteria as the Practical instructor of either the concerned Basic
training Modules (ie Practical assessor for module 11 meet the criteria of
Instructor for Module 11) or the concerned Type-training elements (ie Practical
assessor for landing gear tasks meet the criteria of practical Instructor for landing
gear elements), and having also successfully completed a formal instructional /
facilitators techniques course, and an assessor training course.

or

b) When training is delivered and assessed under the control of an approved AMO
(Basic Practical training elements contracted to another AMO, maintenance
Practical training directly-approved by the competent Authority, etc.) hold a
current aircraft-type technical authorisation, issued by a Part 145 organisation,

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on the subject/aircraft-type being taught, and having also successfully completed

a formal instructional / facilitators techniques course, and an assessor training
course.

All Part 147 / 145 nominated Practical Assessors should be listed in Part 1.5 of the MTOE.
(List of Training Instructors, Knowledge Examiners and Practical Assessors). This list
should identify the scope of authorisation for each Practical Assessor i.e B1, B2, B757,
B777, Airbus 340 etc.

When Practical assessors hold other positions within the training organisations, although the
roles of the assessor and the instructor for the Practical elements of a Type Training course
may be combined, the objectives associated with each function should be clearly
understood, and the competence and qualification criteria according to organisations
procedures should be met for both functions. Whenever possible (depending on the size of
the organisation), it is recommended to split the roles, in order to avoid any conflicts of
interest.

7. The continuation of an instructor, knowledge examiner and

practical assessors authorisation.

General

Part 147.A.105 Personnel Requirements, state: Instructors and Knowledge examiners shall
undergo update training at least every 24 months relevant to current technology, practical
skills, human factors and the latest training techniques appropriate to the knowledge being
trained or examined.

This training should consist of a minimum of 35 hours within the 24-month period; in
addition, training school personnel are to remain conversant with the latest revision of the
EASA Part 147 regulations, AMCs, Guidance notes and NPAs. They should also be
conversant with the respective organisations MTOE and associated training procedures.

Part 147 training organisations should ensure that personnel training records, including
records of qualifications, update training and experience is retained for each Instructor,
Knowledge Examiner and Practical Assessor.

8. Revalidation of Authorisation

General

In order for an Instructor, Knowledge examiner or Practical Assessors authorisation to be

revalidated following expiry / withdrawal. The maintenance training organisation should
implement a reinstating procedure that will cover the relevant training disciplines associated
with the authorisation concerned.

The criteria for reinstating should take into consideration the length of time the individual has
been away from that specific training environment or discipline.

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Any Instructor, Knowledge examiner or Practical assessor who has passed 24-month period
without exercising the privileges of his authorisation, as a minimum, must comply with the
table below:

Inactive Period Recovery action

24 to 30 months 35 hours update training + Continuation training +
Training School procedures and processes + 2
monitored training sessions with another instructor
covering both Theory and Practical aspects.
30 months 60 months As above plus two sit-ins on the type course for the
authorisation being sought.
60 months and longer Re-training in the core subject with successful
examination to the current National/European standard.

The competent authority has the authority to challenge and where necessary refuse any
applicant approval to be named as an instructor, assessor or examiner. This is regardless of
whether the applicant has held an instructional position previously (i.e where an organisation
may be wishing to claim grandfather privileges.

9. 'Grandfathering'

General

Instructors, examiners and assessors accepted (via the approved MTOE) prior to the entry
into force of the revision of this document, and exercising their privileges, or part thereof, at
the entry into force of this standard, are considered as fulfilling the knowledge and
experience requirements. However an assessment of the gap between actual training
qualifications and this standard in order to identify deficiencies in the qualification should be
performed by the Part 147 maintenance training organisation, and a corrective-plan should
be provided to the competent Authority within a reasonable timeframe.

With respect to para: 3.2.1(c) and 3.5.1(b) & (c) of this document, Grandfather provisions
excepting full compliance with the above criteria at the time of the entry into force of the
revision of this document cannot be considered as transferrable between different Part 147
maintenance training approvals.

10. Additional guidance

For Additional guidance organisations may refer to EASA UG.CAO.00014

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