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Environment 2

An environment surrounds a thing or item and includes both physical and human elements. The physical environment consists of the natural world including air, water, land, and atmosphere. The human environment refers to the people and social settings that surround an item or thing, such as family, home, and spiritual or emotional aspects. An environment encompasses all living and non-living things that naturally occur on Earth or in a specific region. The four main spheres that compose Earth's environment are the lithosphere (rocks), hydrosphere (water), atmosphere (air), and biosphere (life). Some scientists also include the cryosphere (ice) and pedosphere (soil) as distinct environmental spheres.

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27 views

Environment 2

An environment surrounds a thing or item and includes both physical and human elements. The physical environment consists of the natural world including air, water, land, and atmosphere. The human environment refers to the people and social settings that surround an item or thing, such as family, home, and spiritual or emotional aspects. An environment encompasses all living and non-living things that naturally occur on Earth or in a specific region. The four main spheres that compose Earth's environment are the lithosphere (rocks), hydrosphere (water), atmosphere (air), and biosphere (life). Some scientists also include the cryosphere (ice) and pedosphere (soil) as distinct environmental spheres.

Uploaded by

Sahil Sood
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENVIRONMENT

An environment is what surrounds a thing or an item. The environment is the surrounding. It could be a physical element - physical
environment that includes the built environment, natural environment - air conditions, water, land, atmosphere etc or it could be human
environment - people surrounding the item or thing. This is also known as the social environment and includes elements like the spiritual
environment, emotional environment, home, family etc. The natural environment, commonly referred to simply as the environment, encompasses
all living and non-living things occurring naturally on Earth or some region thereof.

Composition

Earth science generally recognizes 4 spheres, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere[1] as correspondent

to rocks, water, air, and life. Some scientists include, as part of the spheres of the Earth, the cryosphere (corresponding to ice) as a distinct

portion of the hydrosphere, as well as the pedosphere (corresponding to soil) as an active and intermixed sphere

RIVERS AND LAKES

A river is a natural watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing toward an ocean, a lake, a sea or another river. In a few cases, a river simply flows into the
ground or dries up completely before reaching another body of water. Small rivers may also be called by several other names, including stream, creek,
brook, 

Atmosphere, climate and Weather

The atmosphere of the Earth serves as a key factor in sustaining the planetary ecosystem. The thin layer of gases that envelops the Earth is held in
place by the planet's gravity. Dry air consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon and other inert gases, carbon dioxide, etc.; but air also contains
a variable amount of water vapor.  The ozone layer of the Earth's atmosphere plays an important role in depleting the amount of ultraviolet (UV)
radiation that reaches the surface. As DNA is readily damaged by UV light, this serves to protect life at the surface. 

Effects of global warming


The potential dangers of global warming are being increasingly studied by a wide global consortium of scientists, who are increasingly concerned about
the potential long-term effects of global warming on our natural environment and on the planet. Of particular concern is how climate change and global
warming caused by anthropogenic, or human-made releases of greenhouse gases, most notably carbon dioxide, can act interactively, and have
adverse effects upon the planet, its natural environment and humans' existence. Efforts have been increasingly focused on the mitigation of
greenhouse gases that are causing climatic changes, on developing adaptative strategies to global warming, to assist humans, animal and plant
species, ecosystems, regions and nations in adjusting to the effects of global warming.

Ecosystems
An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms (biotic factors) in an area functioning together with all of the non-
living physical (abiotic) factors of the environment.[24] Central to the ecosystem concept is the idea that living organisms are continually engaged in a
highly interrelated set of relationships with every other element constituting the environment in which they exist. Eugene Odum, one of the founders of
the science of ecology, stated: "Any unit that includes all of the organisms in a given area interacting with the physical environment so that a flow of
energy leads to clearly defined tropic structure, biotic diversity, and material cycles

Oceanic activity
An ocean is a major body of saline water, and a component of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface (an area of some 361 million
square kilometers) is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas. More
than half of this area is over 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) deep. Average oceanic salinity is around 35 parts per thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all sea
water has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt.

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