Scribd
Upload
135 views

Lecture Sordaria Lab Xiaoxu

Uploaded by

api-366307926
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
135 views

Lecture Sordaria Lab Xiaoxu

Uploaded by

api-366307926
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

Meiosis and Genetic Diversity in the

Model Organism, Sordaria fimicola


BIOL 110
Agenda
Background information
Evolution Canyon as a model system
Sordaria fimicola as a model organism

Research rationale and study design

Mitosis and meiosis simulation

Experiment plate set up


Laboratory Experiment: Context and Rationale
Overarching Research Problem:
Microevolution of Sexual Reproduction in Sordaria fimicola in Evolution
Canyon as a result of environmental stress
Evolution Canyon
What is Evolution Canyon?
A research model site used for understanding how mutation and
recombination contribute to survival of populations

Why is it a good model system for exploring evolution?


Two slopes with vastly contrasting climate conditions separated with
small distance

What organisms from this system have you learned about in lecture?
A common soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis
Evolution Canyon
What is the model organism we will be using for this lab?
Sordaria fimicola

What makes it a good model organism?


Rapid life cycle
Ease of isolating strains from the wild
Order of spores in asci reflect recombination events

What specifically will be researched in this lab?


Cross-over frequency, recombination
Crossing over (Recombination)
Important for genetic diversity
Mechanisms controlling crossing over events are not well known
Model Organism: Sordaria fimicola
An ascomycete fungus
Perithecium (pl. perithecia) contains asci
Ascus (pl. asci) with 8 ascospores

Ideal for studying mechanisms controlling cross over

Advantages specific to S. fimicola


Rapid life cycle
Ease of isolating strains from the wild
Order of spores in asci reflect recombination events
Ascomycetes Life Cycle
Ascomycetes Life Cycle
Please read the handout sheet for ascomycetes life cycle, discuss
with your group about the questions on the handout

Lets watch a video together to help us understand:


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odokxoS8pXo
Evolution Canyon Research
Research site: Evolution Canyon I

Do these environmental factors affect the crossover frequency?


Evolution Canyon Research Study Design
Wild-type (black) strains collected from both SFS and NFS
Grew and collected generation 2 wild-type spores
Collected mutant type as they arose spontaneous during this
process

Experimental crosses:
Crosses set up for wild-type x mutant type:
SFS SFS, SFS NFS, and NFS NFS
Evolution Canyon Research Findings

Some within slope differences


Greater differences between the slopes (SFS-SFS vs. NFS-NFS)

Evidence that harsh environmental pressures may lead to heritable changes in


mechanisms controlling recombination.
Evolution Canyon Research Future

Next phase in research:


How do other stressors impact crossing-over?

Our focus:
The effect of X-ray exposure on crossover frequency
Does X-ray exposure lead to heritable changes in crossover
frequency?
Research Questions
How does environmental stress affect cross-over frequency in Sordaria
fimicola?

Is there evidence of crossing-over between the gene for spore color and the
centromere in Sordaria? What is this evidence?

Is there a difference in the cross-over frequency of the control Sordaria and


those treated with radiation? What is the difference?

How can you explain this difference?

What implications do this have for the organism?

What potential implications does this have for other organisms?


UV treatment on Sordaria plates
At the intersection of Bigler, Hastings, and McKean Roads lies a building
you may have never noticed...
UV treatment on Sordaria plates
Even up close the building sign is partially hidden
UV treatment on Sordaria plates
Within the Academic Activities Building lies the
UV treatment on Sordaria plates
The Equipment
GE v|tome|x L300 mul7-scale nano/microCT system

On the right are the X-ray generating tubes.


UV treatment on Sordaria plates
On the left is an amplification screen and sample holder (note red arrow).
Sordaria plates are attached to the holder so that they are in a vertical position
as they are radiated.
Sordaria Lab Set-up
You will be setting up crosses using Sordaria that have and have not
been exposed to radiation in order to examine rates of recombination
when these cells undergo environmental stress.

Who knows what will happen?


YOU are participating in novel research here at PSU!
Sordaria Lab Set-up
For next week, we will have 6 types of Sordaria plates in the rooms. They are:

non-radiated wild-type (black)


non-radiated tan
radiated at 100 gray wild-type
radiated at 100 gray tan
radiated at 500 gray wild-type
radiated at 500 gray tan
Sordaria Lab Set-up
Class will start mitosis/meiosis activity and each bench will start with
plate set up in an order

Treatment plate set up:


Group 1: X-ray wild-type x X-ray tan
Group 2: X-ray wild-type x non-X-ray tan
Group 3: non-X-ray wild-type x X-ray tan
Activity: Underlying Concepts
What knowledge and skills will you need to understand the lab experiment?

Steps of mitosis and meiosis and their significance

Role of mitosis and meiosis in Sordaria life cycle

How to identify and score asci as non-recombinant and recombinant

How to calculate crossover frequencies and map distances

How to analyze and display data


Understanding Mitosis and Meiosis
Individually record your understanding of mitosis and
meiosis by drawing and labeling the stages involved
in the process (start with a 2n=4 cell for both mitosis
and meiosis).
In small groups, examine diagrams and pictures of
cells undergoing mitosis and use simulation materials
to act out the events of mitosis
Individually record your revised understanding of
mitosis and compare to initial understanding
Repeat steps 2-3 for meiosis.
Mitosis
mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated
into two new nuclei. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is preceded by
the S stage of interphase (during which the DNA is replicated) and is often
accompanied or followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm,
organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal
shares of these cellular components.
Meiosis
Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome
number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the
parent cell that gave rise to them.
In-class Activity
Please read the mitosis and meiosis handout sheet

Work through the Mitosis and Meiosis simulation worksheet and add it to
your lab manual when you are done

It will help you understand HW#4


Mating Plate Set up
Follow directions in Lab Manual pg. 49-50
Hyphae side DOWN
Hyphae side = fungal growth

Label your plate (on the tape):


BIOL110 Section #
Your names
Plate cross type: (specify your assigned
cross type)
Counting results
Same color strain mating
Result in the same color

Different color strain mating


No crossover = Type A
4:4 color ratio

Crossover (2 different types)


Type B 2:4:2
Type C 2:2:2:2
Recombination in Sordaria
Mechanism in Sordaria color pattern:
Recombination

Lets Watch a video together to help us


understand!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zbd
hm8Be1VA
Recombination in Sordaria
Recombination in Sordaria

You might also like