i ,oWhat is the Tr|nity? .

.Answers"to Misund6rstandings
. Wtat fqd,.y Chr.ilti,qns;Said About the Trinity
 God is one absolutely perfect divine Being in
three Persons. His being is what Cod !g in ffi
igt.'
*n relation to the universe he created. The three {:
!'-/Tn\ are called Persons because they relate to one 't,
1&ai)
,|i
another in personal ways. *'
l{,it
When Christians talk about believing in one
Cod in three Persons (the Trinity), they do NOT w,
t
mean:
1 God in 3 Cods, or .i .l

3 Persons in 1 Person, or
3 Persons in 3 Cods, or
What Christians Believe About the Trinity 1 Person in 3 Cods
Rather, they mean:
ln the simplest of terms, Christians believe: 1 Cod in 3 Persons
,M
There is only one God, and this one Cod exists as one essence in three Persons.
Therefore, .ffi

The Father is Cod-the first Person of the

t:...

The three Persons are Cod the Father

Trinity. ,irn,,
Cod the Son (Jesus Christ)
God the Holy Spirit (also called the Holy Chost) The Son is Cod-the second Person
of the Trinity. i;
The Holy Spirit is Cod-the third Person of
the Trinity. (The title "Holy Chost" is an
older English expression for "Holy Spirit."
Each is an acceptable translation of the
phrase in the Bible.)

Why do Christians Believe in the Trinity?

The Bible clearly teaches that there is only one Cod, yet all three Persons are called God.

There is only one God:

c Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God is one LORD. (Deuteronomy 6:4)
. Before me there wos no Cod formed, neither shall there be after me.
(lsaioh 44:6; 8; 45:5o)
The Father is God:
. Grace unto you, and peace, from Cod our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
(1 Corinthians 8:6; Ephesians 4:4-6)
The Son is God:
Early Christians used this diagram to explain the Trinity. The Father, Son, and
. The Word was Cod. (lohn 1:1-5, 74) Jesus is identified as "the Word."
Holy Spirit are all God, but they are not three names for the same Person. . I ond the Fother are one. (lohn 1 0:30-33)
. Jesus' disciple Thomas addressed Jesus as "My Lord ond my Cod."
The Persons are distinct: The Father is not the Son. (John 20:28)
The Son is not the Holy Spirit. did not tell Thomas he was mistaken; instead Jesus accepted these
Jesus
The Holy Spirit is not the Father. titles. Other people in Scripture, notably Paul and Barnabas (Acts 14),
refused to accept worship as gods.

-1- -2-
 . But unto the Son he saith, Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: a sceptre of Misunderstanding #'l: "The word 'Trinity'does not appear in the
righteousness is the sceptre of thy kingdom. (Hebrews 1:6-8) -made
Bible; it is a belief up by Christians-in the 4th cenlury."
o Wherefore Cod also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is
Truth: lt is true that the word "Trinity" does not appear in the Bible, but the Trinity is
above every name: Thot at the name of lesus every knee should bow, of things
nevertheless a Bible-based belief. The word "incarnation" does not appear in the Bible
in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth; and that every
either, but we use it as a one-word summary of our belief that lesus was God in the flesh.
tongue should confess that lesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.
(Philippians 2:9-1 1) The word "Trinity" was used to explain the eternal relationship between the Father,
the 5on, and the Holy Spirit. Many Bible passages express the Trinity (page 3).
Paul, the writer of Philippians, is saying about Jesus what lsaiah 45:23 says False beliefs flourished during the early days of Christianity, and still do. Early
about the LORD, and then Paul concludes that Jesus is LORD, that is, the Christians constantly defended their beliefs. The following early church leaders
same LORD Cod of the Old Testament. and/or writings all defended the doctrine of the Trinity long before A.D. 300:
See these passages about Jesus' deity: lsaiah 7:14; lsaiah 9:6; lohn 1 :1; iohn 1 :1 8; Approximate Dates:
John 8:58, 59; John 10:30; Acts 20:28; Romans 9:5 & 1O:9-13; Colossians 1:15,16; A.D. 96 Clement the third bishop of Rome
Colossians 2:9; Titus 2:13; Hebrews 1:3,8;2 Peter 1:1; 1 lohn 5:20. A.D. 90-100 The Teachings of the Twelve Apostles, the "Didache"
A.D. 90? lgnatius, bishop of Antioch
A.D. '155
The Holy Spirit is God:
. lustin Martyr, great Christian writer
But Peter said, Ananias, why hath Satan filled thine heart to lie to the Holy A.D. 168 Theophilus, the sixth bishop of Antioch
Chost? ...Thou hast not lied unto men, but unto Cod. (Acts 5:3-4) A.D.177 Athenagoras, theologian
This verse equates the Holy Spirit (Holy Chost) with God. A.D. 180 lrenaeus, bishop of Lyons
r A.D. 197 Tertullian, early church leader
the Lord is that Spirit. (2 Corinthians 3:17)
Novrz
A.D.264 Gregory Thaumaturgus, early church leader
"The Lord" here refers to "the LORD" in the Old Testament verse (Exodus
34:34) Paul had just quoted in the previous verse (2 Corinthians 3:16). Misunderstanding #2: "Christians believe there are three Cods."
More than 60 Bible passages mention the three Persons together: Truth: Christians believe in only one Cod.
. Matthew 3:16,17 "And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway out Some people might believe ihat Christians are polytheists (people who believe in
of the water: and, lo, the heavens were opened unto him, and he saw the many gods) because Christians refer to the Father as Cod, the Son as God, and the
Spirit of Cod descending like a dove, and lighting upon him: And lo a voice Holy Spirit as Cod. But Christians believe in only one God. The Bible says there is
only one Cod. But it also calls three distinct Persons "Cod." Over the centuries
from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased."
people have tried to come up with simple explanations for the Trinity. There are
r Matthew 28:19 "Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the limits to every illustration, but some are helpful. For example, it has been said that
name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost." Codisnot 1+1+1=3
. 2 Corinthians 13:1 4, "The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of Cod, Cod is 1x1x1=1
and the communion of the Holy Chost be with you all."
The Trinity is a profound doctrine that must be
. Ephesians 4:4-6 "fhere is one body, and one Spirit even as ye are called in one accepted by faith. Accepting a doctrine by faith does
hope of your calling; one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one Cod and Father not exclude reason, but it also means that we cannot
of all, who is above all, and through all, and in you all." always apply the same logic that we use in
. Titus 3:4-6 "Bul after that the kindness and love of God our Saviour toward mathematics. Without the Trinity, the Christian
man appeared, not by works of righteousness which we have done, but doctrine of salvation cannot stand. Some religious
according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and groups that claim to believe in the Cod of thE Bible,
renewing of the Holy Ghost; which he shed on us abundantly through .lesus but reject the Trinity, have an understanding of
salvation that is based on good works.
Christ our Saviour . . ."
'l 5t. Patrick is believed to have used the shamrock as a
See also John 3:34, 35; John 14:26; John 5:26; lohn 1 6:1 3-'15; Romans '14:17, 18; way of illustrating the Trinity. He asked, "ls this one leaf
'15:-l
Romans 3-1 7; Romans 15:30; 1 Corinthians 6:1 1, 17-19; 1 Corinthians 12:4-6; or three? lf one leaf, why are there three lobes of equal
2 Corinthians 1:21, 22; 2 Corinlhians 3:4-6; Calatians 2:21-3:2; Calatians 4:6; size? lf three leaves, why is there just one stem? lf you
Ephesians 2:1 8; Ephesians 3:1 1-1 7; Ephesians 5:18-20; Colossians 1 :6-8; cannot explain so simple a mystery as the shamrock,
1 Thessalonians 1:1-5; 1 Thessalonians 4:2, 8;1 Thessalonians 5:18, 19; how can you hope to understand one so profound as St. Potrick (A.D. 432) used
2 Thessalonians 3:5; Hebrews 9:14;1 Peter 1 :2;1 lohn 3:23,24;1 John 4:13,14; the Holy Trinity?" Even though this is an overly simple the shomrock to illustrote the
way to explain the Trinity, some teachers find it helpful. Trinity.
and Jude 20,21.
-3-
Misunderstanding #3: "Jesus is not God." Misunderstanding #4: "fesus is a /esser God than the Father."
Truth: Jesus is God, the Second Person of the Trinity. Truth: Jesus is co-equal with Cod the Father. People who deny this truth may use
the following arguments and verses. (fhese heresies date back to Arius, A.D. 319.)
1. f esus' own claims
. He forgave sin. We may forgive sins committed against us, but we cannot Verses wrongly used to teach that Christ was created:
forgive sins committed against others. Jesus has the authority to forgive 1 . Colossians :15: lf Christ is "the firstborn of all creation," was he created?
1
any sin. (Mark 2:5-12; Luke 5:21)
o He accepted worship as God and claimed to deserve the same honor Answer: "Firstborn" cannot mean that Christ was created, because Paul says
that all of creation was made in and for Christ and that he exists before all
as the Father. (Matthew 14:33; 28:'17, 18; John 5:22, 23; 9:38; 17:5)
creation and holds it together (Col. 1:16,17). The "firstborn" traditionally
. He claimed to be the divine Son of God, a title the Jews rightly was the main heir. ln context Paul is saying that Christ as Cod's Son, is the
understood to be a claim to equality with God. (John 5:17, 18; main heir of all creation (verses 12-14).
John 10:30-33; John 19:7)
2. John 3:16: Does "only begotten Son" mean Jesus had a beginning?
Answer: "Only-begotten" does not mean that Jesus had a beginning; it means
thatJesus is God's "unique" Son. ln Hebrews 11:17,lsaac is called Abraham's
"unique" son, even though Abraham had other children (Cen.22:2;251-6).
Creation is "the work of his Creation is "the work of his hands" Jesus is God's unique Son because only Jesus is fully Cod and eternally the
hands"-alone (Cenesis 1:1; Psalm things created in and through Father's Son (John 1:1-3, 14-18).
102:25; lsaiah 44:24) -all
him (John 1:3; Colossians 1:16;
Hebrews 1 :2, 10) 3. Proverbs 8:22: Does this mean that Christ ("Wisdom") was "created"?
Answer: This is not a literal description of Chris! it is a personification of
"The first and the last" (lsaiah 44:6) "The first and the last" (Revelation wisdom. For example, Christ did not dwell in heaven with someone named
1:17;22:13) Prudence (verse 12); he did not build a house with seven pillars (9:1). This
verse says in a poetic way that Cod used wisdom in creating the world
"Lord of lords" (Deuteronomy "Lord of lords" (1 Timothy 6:'15;
(see Prov. 3:19,20).
1017; Psalm 136:3) Revelation 1 7 :1 4; 1 9:1 6)

Unchanging and eternal (Psalms Unchanging and eternal (John 8:58; Verses wrongly used to teach that fesus is inferior to the Father:
'1, 1 2; 13:8)
90:2; 1 02:26, 27 ; Malachi 3:6) Col.1 :1 7; Heb. 1 :1
1. John 14:28: lf "the Father is greater than" Jesus, how can .lesus be God?
Judge of all people (Cenesis 18:25; Answer: ln his human life on earth Jesus voluntarily shared our natural
Psalms 94:2; 96:1 3; 98:9) limitations in order to save us. After he rose from the dead, Jesus returned
to the glory he had with the Father (John 17:5; Philippians 2:9-11). ln that
Only Savior; no other God can save Savior of the world; no salvation restored glory, Jesus was able to send the Holy Spirit and empower his
(lsaiah 43:11; 45:21, 22; Hosea 13.4) apart from him (John 4:42; Acts disciples to do even greater works than Jesus did while he was here in the
4:12; Titus 2:13;1John 4:14) flesh (John 1 4:1 2, 26-28).
Redeems from their sins a people for Redeems from their sins a people for 2. 1 Corinthians 15:28: lf Jesus is Cod, whywill he be subjectto the Father?
his own possession (Exodus 19:5; his own possession (l-itus 2:14) Answer: fesus humbly and voluntarily submits himself to the Father's will for
Psalm 1 3O:7, 8; Ezekiel 37:23) a time (Philippians 2:5-11). But as the pre-existent and eternal Son, he is
Hears and answers prayers of those
co-equal with Cod the Father.
Hears and answers prayers of those
who call on him (Psalm 86:5-8; who call on him (John 14:14; 3. Mark 13:32: lf Jesus is Cod, how could he not know when he would return?
lsaiah 55:6, 7; Jeremiah 33:3; Joel Rom. 1 O:12, 13; 1 Con 1:2; Answer: Jesus voluntarily lowered himself to experience the limitations of human
2:32) 2 Cor.12:8,9) life. Paradoxically, Jesus was still Cod and knew everything (John 16:30).
Only Cod has divine glory glory Paradoxes like this (not contradictions) are exactly what we would expect if,
Jesus has divine
(lsaiah 42:8,48:11) (ohn 17:5) as the Bible says, Cod chose to live as a real human being (John 1:1,14).

Worshipped by angels (Psalm 97:7) Worshipped by angels (Heb. 1:6)

-5- -6-
Misunderstandinq #5: "The Father, the Son, and the Spirit are Misunderstanding #6: "Jesus wasn't really fully Cod and fully man."
just different titlesTor Jesus, or three different ways that'Cod has
Throughout history many people have balked at the idea that Jesus is both fully
revealed himself."
Cod and fully man. They have tried to resolve this paradox by saying that Jesus
Truth: The Bible clearly shows that the Father, was a mere man through whom Cod spoke, or that he was Cod and merely
Son, and Holy Spirit are distinct persons. appeared to be human, or some other "simpler" belief. Admittedly the idea that in
.lesrrs, God became a man, is difficult for us to comprehend. But the lncarnation-
Some people think that the doctrine of the the truth that Cod became flesh-is the ultimate proof that nothing is too hard for
Trinity contradicts the truth that there is only one God (Cenesis 18:.14; Luke 1:37). And thistruth is clearlytaught in the Bible.
Cod. They argue that Jesus alone is the one true
Cod, and therefore that Jesus is "the name of the The Bible clearly shows that fesus was
Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit" (Matt. fully human:
28:19), and not just the name of the Son.
While it is certainly true that there is only one As a child, he grew physically, intellectually,
God, we must allow the Bible to define what this
means. And the Bible makes it quite clear that
socially, and spiritually (Luke 2:40, 52). Xflm'
the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are distinct
persons:
He grew tired; he slept; he swea! he was
hungry and thirsty; he bled and died; his body
was buried (Matthew 4:2;8:24; Luke 22:44;
{\il7i
ffi
. The Father sends the Son (Cal. 4:4; 1 John 4:14) lohn 4:6,7;19:28-42).
. The Father sends the Spirit (John 14:26; Cal. 4:6) After he rose from the dead, he ate and drank
. The Son speaks, not on his own, but on behalf with people and let them see his scars and touch
of the Father (lohn 8:28; 12:49) his body (Luke 24:39-43; John 20:27-29;
. The Spirit speaks, not on his own, but on behalf Acts 1 0:41).
of Jesus (John 16:1 3-15)
. The Father loves the Son, and the Son loves the Father (John 3:35; 5:20; 14:31) The Bible also clearly shows that fesus
e The Father and the Son count as two witnesses (John 5:31-37;8:16-18) was fully God:
. The Father and the Son glorify one another (lohn 1 7:1,4, 5), and the Spirit
glorifies lesus the Son (John 16:14) did on earth what only God can do: he
Jesus
. The Son is an Advocate for us with the Father (1 John 2:1; Greek, parakletos); commanded the forces of nature (Matthew 8:23-
27;14:22,33), forgave sins (Mark 2:1-12);
Jesus the Son sent the Holy Spirit, who is anotherAdvocate (John 14:16,26)
. Jesus Christ is not the Father, but the Son of the Father (2 John 3) claimed to be superior to the Sabbath law (John
5:17,18); and gave life to whomever he pleased
ln Matthew 28:19, Jesus is not identifying himself as the Father, Son, and Holy flohn 5:19-23).
Spirit. He is saying that Christian baptism identifies a person as one who believes Paul said that Cod purchased the church with
in the Father, in the Son whom the Father sent to die for our sins, and in the Holy his own blood (Acts 2O:28).
Spirit whom the Father and the Son sent to dwell in our hearts.
Paul also said that the rulers of this world
unwittingly crucified the Lord of glory
tSBN 1-890947-02-4 90000 > A1999 Rose Publishing,lnc.,4455 Torrance Blvd., #259
(1 Corinthians 2:8).
All the fullness of God's nature and being resides
, llil!ilUfJlllfi]il[[ll ll llllll llllll ll
uu**#**p.;, irffi*n*ui+*,0,,
Many thanks to those who have shared their expertise and/or research on
in Jesus' risen body (Colossians 2:9).

this subject: Robert M. Bowman, Jr., sr. Researcher, Watchman Fellowship;

Dennis L. Okholm, Ph.D., Professor of Theology, Wheaton College; Cary M.
Burge, Ph.D., Professor of New Testament, Wheaton College; Paul Carden,
Executive Director of The centers for Apologetics Research; Robert Cubillos,
. illllLilxlilililill[lilt , church historian; Ron Rhodes, President of Reasoning from the Scriptures
Minrstrre5.
Stock #410X The Trinity pamphlet Dates for early church leaders: The Oxford Dictionary of The Christian Church,
Retailers: Package of 1 0 pamphlets= edited by E.A. Livinqstone (Oxford: Oxford University Ptess,1977).
Stock#411X (ISBN 1 89094/-03-2) PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 04 05 06 08 l3 12 11 1O

-7- -8-
Early Christian theologians of the first two centuries wrote many works defending The Athanasian Creed, written about A.D. 400 and named after Athanasius, a
Christianity from several threats: great defender of the Trinity, says the three Persons are not three Cods, but only
. Persecution from the Roman Empire. Until the early A.D. 300s, Christianity one.
was illegal and often Christians were viciously persecuted. what the catholic faith teaches: we worship one Cod in the Trinity and the Trinity in unity.
. Heresies attacking basic Christian beliefs, especially the deity of Jesus Christ This is
We distinguish among the persons, but we do not divide the substance.
and the nature of Cod. For the Father is a distinct person; the Son is a distinct person; and the Holy Spirit is o distinct
person. Still the Fother ond the Son and the Holy Spirit have one divinity, equal glory and coeternal
The Apostles' Creed was one of the earliest statements of faith Christian leaders majesty. What the Fother is, the Son is, ond the Holy Spirit is.
crafted to clarify basic Christian beliefs. lt emphasizes the true humanity-including The Father is uncreated, the Son is uncreated, and the Holy Spirit is uncreated. The Father is
the physical body-of Jesus, which was the belief the heretics of the time denied. boundless, the Son is boundless, and the Holy Spirit is boundless. The Father is eternal, the Son is
eternal, and the Holy Spirit is eternal.
I believe in Cod, the Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth. Nevertheless, there ore not three eternal beings, but one eternal being. Thus thete are not three
uncreoted beings, nor three boundless beings, but one uncreated being and one boundless being.
I believe in lesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord. He was conceived by the power of tlte Likewise, the Father is omnipotent, the Son is omnipotent, and the Holy Spirit is omnipotent. Yet
Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. He suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, there are not three omnipotent beings, but one omnipotent being.
died, and was buried. He descended to the dead. On the third day he rose again. He Thus the Father is Cod, the Son is Cod, and the Holy Spirit is Cod. But there are not three gods, but
oscended into heaven, qnd is seqted at the right hand of the Fqther. He will come one Cod. The Father is Lord, the Son is Lord, and the Holy Spirit is Lord. There as not three lords, but
ogain to judge the living and the dead. one Lord.
For according to Christian truth, we must profess that eoch of the persons individually is Cod; and
I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic Church, the communion of saints, the
occording to Christian religion we are forbidden to say there ore three Cods or three Lords.
forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting. Amen.
The Father is made of none, neither created nor begotten. The Son is of the Fother olone; not mode
nor created, but begotten. The Holy Spirit is of the Fother and of the Son; neither made, nor created,
nor beqotten, but proceedinq.
The Nicene Creed was written by church leaders in A.D. 325, and was later So there is one Father, not three Fothers; one Son, not three Sons; one Holy Spirit, not three Holy
expanded somewhat. lt was written to defend the church's belief in Christ's full Spirits. And in this Trinity none is afore, nor after another; none is greater, or less thon another.
deity and to reject formally the teachings of Arius, a man who claimed that Jesus But the whole three persons are co-eternal, and co-equal. So that in all things, as oforesoid, the
was a created, inferior deity. Unity in Trinity and the Trinity in Unity is to be worshipped.

We believe in one Cod, the Father, the Almighty, mqker of heqven and earth, of qll that The Chalcedonian Creed, written in A.D.451
is, seen and unseen. by church leaders to defend the faith against
false teachings, says that Jesus is fully Cod and
We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of Cod, eternally begotten of the
Father, Light from Light, true Cod from true Cod, begotten, not made, of one Being
fully man.
with the Father; through him all things were made. For us and for our salvation he Therefore, following the holy fathers, we all with one
came down from heaven; by the power of the Holy Spirit he became incarnate from the accord teach men to acknowledge one and the same i'
virgin Mary and was made man. For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate; he Son, our Lord Jesus Christ, ot once complete in Codhead
suffered death and was buried; on the third day he rose again in accordance with the and complete in monhood, truly God and truly mon,
Scriptures; he ascended into heaven. He is seated at the right hand of the Father, he will consisting also of a reasonqble soul and body; of one
substance (homoousios) with the Father as regards his
come ogoin in glory to judge the living qnd the dead, and his kingdom will hqve no end.
Codhead, and at the same time of one substance with us
We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father as regards his manhood; like us in qll respects, apart from
and the Son; with the Fother and the Son he is worshiped and glorified; he has spoken sin; as regords his Godhead, begotten of the Father
Lhrough the prophets. before the ages, but yet as regards his manhood
begotten, for us men ond for our salvation, of Mary the
We believe in one holy catholic and opostolic Church. We acknowledge one baptism for Virgin, the Cod-bearer (theotokos); one and the some
the forgiveness of sins. We look for the resurrection of the deqd, and the life of the Christ, Son, Lord, Only-begotten, recognized in two
world to come. natures, without confusion, without change, without
division, without seporotion; the distinction of natures
being in no way annulled by the union, but rather the
chorctcteristics of eoch nqture being preserved and
Note: The Creek word from which the word catholic is derived means "universal." coming together to form one person and subsistence, not
The "catholic Church" means the ancient church that agreed with the whole of as parted or separated into two persons, but one and the
the apostles' teaching, as opposed to false teachers that followed a "secret same Son ond Only-begotten Cod the Word, Lord Jesus
Christ; even as the prophets from earliest times spoke of
revelation" or emphasized only one part of the first century apostles' teachings. him, and our Lord Jesus Christ himself taught us, ond the
creed of the Fathers has handed down to us.

-9- -10-
 X
Romans 16;26,27

Creator of all things

Omnipresent (capable X X X
of being all places at Jeremiah 23:24 Ephesians 'l :23 Psalm 139:7
once)
Omniscient (knows all X X X
things) 1 John 3:20 'l
lohn 21:17 Cor. 2:10

Wills and acts

supernatur
X X X
Cenesis 1 :1 1-31 John 1:4 Romans 8:'l 0, 11
see also see also see also
lohn 5:21 lohn 5:21 lohn 3:8
Strengthens believers

For Further Reading

Beisner, E. Calvin. Cod in Three Persons. Wheaton: Tyndale House, 1984. Popular overview of the
historical development of the doctrine.
Bickersteth, Edward H. The Trinity. Crand Rapids: Kregel, 1957. Classic exposition of the doctrine from
a multitude of biblical texts.
Bowman, Robert M., lr. Why You Should Believe in the Trinity. Crand Rapids: Baker, 1989. Answers to
various criticisms of the doctrine.
Boyd, Cregory A. Oneness Pentecostals and the Trinity. Crand Rapids: Baker, ^1992. Biblical critique of
the belief held by Oneness Pentecostals that Jesus is the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
Bray. Cerald. Creeds, Councils and Christ. Downers Crove, lL: lntervarsity Press, 1984. More advanced
analysis of the origins and biblical basis of the creeds.
Christianity, Cults & Religions. Torrance, CA: Rose Publishing, 1994. 19" by 26" wall chart comparing
the beliefs of 1B religions and cults. Topics include: God, Jesus, the Holy Spirit salvation, what
happens after death, and more.
Reymond, Robert L. lesus, Divine Messiah: The New Testament Mtness. Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian &
Reformed, 1990. Advanced biblical study, defending Christt deity primarily against modern critical theories.
Rhodes. Ron. Chnsf Before the Manger. Crand Rapids: Baker,1992. What the Bible says about Jesus
before he became a man. Also see Rhodes's book lhe Complete Book of Bible Answers.

Helpful Websites
http://www.watchman.orglsubindex.htm
Watchman Fellowship, P.O. Box 1 3340, Arlington, TX 76O94, Ph. (800) 769-2824
Specializes in teaching biblical interpretation and in tracking numerous religious groups that deny the
Trinity and other essential Christian doctrines (Scroll down to Trinityin this alphabetical list of topics.)
http://home.earthlink.net/-ronrhodes/
Reasoning from the Scriptures Ministries (contact: Ron Rhodes), P.O. Box 2526, Frisco,fX 75034
Ph. (214) 618-0912 Specializes in giving basic answers to commonly asked questions
(See "Answers to Common Questions.")
http://www.apologeticsindex.orglt1 0.html
Apologetics lndex (contact: Anton Hein) Online literature explaining a variety of Christian doctrines.
http://wwwirr.org / mit/trinityl .html
lnstitute for Religious Research (contact: Luke P. Wilson), I340 Monroe Ave. NW Crand Rapids, Ml
4950s Ph. (616) 4s1-4s62
-1 1-