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CLB21103 Process Instrumentation Experiment 3: Density Measurement

The document describes an experiment to evaluate density measurement using different parameters such as open and closed tanks, and different temperatures with the heater on and off. The results show that higher temperature leads to lower specific gravity and density, and higher density is achieved when the heater is on. Pressure also affects density measurement in closed tanks.

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Siti Hajar Mohamed
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122 views

CLB21103 Process Instrumentation Experiment 3: Density Measurement

The document describes an experiment to evaluate density measurement using different parameters such as open and closed tanks, and different temperatures with the heater on and off. The results show that higher temperature leads to lower specific gravity and density, and higher density is achieved when the heater is on. Pressure also affects density measurement in closed tanks.

Uploaded by

Siti Hajar Mohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUMMARY

The purpose of the experiment were to determined the measurement of density varied by

different pressure or level transmitter and different temperature and also to check the density

calibration system using hand pump, DP calibrator, pressure module, multimeter and hand held

terminal.There were two different type of experiment being conducted that were with heater on

and heater off with both open and close tank.Two sets of reading also were taken for all run of

the experiment and the average was calculated so that the reading of experiment was

accurated.Throughout the experiment, it showed that the calculated specific gravity in both tank

is same which 0.9959 when heater off while when heater on was 0.9911.From open tank with

heater on and heater off,it can be seen that the higher the temperature,the lower the specific

gravity.It also can be observed that higher density is achieved when heater is turned

on.Meanwhile, from close tank with heater on and heater off,it can be said that, the higher

temperature, the lower specific gravity and the higher density is also achieved when heater is

on.To improved this experiment, several steps must be done such as proper handling must be

used when using the hydrometer and also eyes must be perpendicular with the scale to avoid any

parallax error.

OBJECTIVES

1. To determine the measurement of density varied by different pressure or level transmitter

and different temperature.

2. To check the density calibration systems using hand pump, DP calibrator, pressure

module, multimeter and hand held terminal.


RESULTS

TABLE 1: Density Measurement (Water, Heater OFF)

Specific Gravity (SG) read from hydrometer: _____0.97_____

RUN I: OPEN TANK SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE


A Temperature (TG), C 28.2 28.1 28.15

B Actual density (DI), kg/m3 967 967 967

C Density from table, kg/m3 996.176 996.205 996.1905

D Deviation B from C, kg/m3 29.176 29.205 29.1905

E Calculated Specific Gravity 0.0282 0.0281 0.02815

F Deviation E with hydrometer 0.688 0.689 0.6895

RUN II: CLOSE TANK SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE

A Temperature (TG), C 28.1 28.1 28.1

B Actual density (DI), kg/m3 967 967 967

C Density from table, kg/m3 996.205 996.205 996.205

D Deviation B from C, kg/m3 29.205 29.205 29.205

E Calculated Specific Gravity 0.0281 0.0281 0.0281

F Deviation E with hydrometer 0.689 0.689 0.689

REMARKS:

A: Read from the Temperature Gauge (TG)

B: Read from the Digital Density Indicator (DI). Take average value for further calculation.

C: Read from the Table 2-28, Perry VII at temperature TG

D: Calculate from equation deviation = (C-B)

E: Calculate from equation

w at opearting temperature TG
SG
w at reference temperature 4C
F: Calculate from equation deviation = (E-hydrometer)

Density Measurement (Water, Heater ON)

Specific Gravity (SG) read from hydrometer: ______0.965____

RUN I: OPEN TANK SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE

A Temperature (TG), C 50.1 50.0 50.05

B Actual density (DI), kg/m3 956 956 956

C Density from table, kg/m3 987.992 988.037 988.0145

D Deviation B from C, kg/m3 31.992 32.037 64.029

E Calculated Specific Gravity 0.0501 0.0500 0.05005

F Deviation E with hydrometer 0.9149 0.915 0.91495

RUN II: CLOSE TANK SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE

A Temperature (TG), C 50.0 50.1 50.05

B Actual density (DI), kg/m3 957 957 957


C Density from table, kg/m3 988.037 987.992 988.0145

D Deviation B from C, kg/m3 32.037 31.992 64.029

E Calculated Specific Gravity 0.0500 0.0501 0.05005

F Deviation E with hydrometer 0.915 0.9149 0.91495

REMARKS:

A: Read from the Temperature Gauge (TG)

B: Read from the Digital Density Indicator (DI). Take average value for further calculation.

C: Read from the Table 2-28, Perry VII at temperature TG

D: Calculate from equation deviation = (C-B)

E: Calculate from equation

w at opearting temperature TG
SG
w at reference temperature 4C

F: Calculate from equation deviation = (E-hydrometer)

DISCUSSION

The experiment is to evaluate and study the measurement of density. In this experiment

that was conducted, several parameters were taken into consideration where one experiment was

done with heater off and heater on. Both experiments were done with open tank closed tank,

couple sets of reading were taken to do calculate the average.


An open tank is the tank with an open top and the content of the tank is exposed to air

where the pressure is considered as atmospheric pressure, Patm =1 atm. Closed tank on the other

hand is fully closed and the content is not exposed to air. The heater off tank is the tank with

water bath temperature at 29.0 C while the heater on tank is the tank with hot water temperature

at 43.0 C where the pump is on.

The density is calculated using hydrometer by first obtained specific gravity, digital

density indicator (DI) and read from Table 2-28, Perry VII at temperature TG. Based on these

three method to calculate density, the method of using digital density indicator (DI) to obtain

actual density is the most accurate value.

From the comparison of first parameter which is pressure in open tank and closed tank

which is results in Table 1 (Run 1-OPEN TANK/HEATER OFF) and Table 1 (Run 2-CLOSED

TANK/HEATER OFF), it can be seen that the calculated specific gravity in open tank which is

0.9959 is same with closed tank. It should be the specific gravity in open tank higher than in

closed tank because of open tank have higher pressure than in closed tank. The actual density is

also higher in open tank 965.5 kg/m3 as compared to closed tank 955.5 kg/m3 because open tank

has higher pressure compared to closed tank. Thus, the deviation from hydrometer is same in

open tank and closed tank is 0.0388.

From the comparison of second parameter is the condition of temperature of open tank

with heater off and heater on which is results in Table 1 (Run 1-OPEN TANK/HEATER OFF)

and Table 2 (Run 1-OPEN TANK/HEATER ON), it can be seen that the higher temperature, the

lower specific gravity achieved after running experiment where the calculated specific gravity in

Table 1 (Run 1-OPEN TANK/HEATER OFF) is 0.9959 which is higher than Table 2 (Run 1-

OPEN TANK/HEATER ON) which is 0.9911. The actual density is also higher in
Table 1 (Run 1-OPEN TANK/HEATER OFF) is 965.5 kg/m3 compared to Table 2 (Run 1-

OPEN TANK/HEATER ON) which is 960.0 kg/m3 because the higher temperature has lower

specific gravity and actual gravity. Thus, the deviation from hydrometer in Table 1 (Run 1-

OPEN TANK/HEATER OFF) is 0.0388 higher than in Table 2 (Run 1-OPEN TANK/HEATER

ON) which is 0.0340. It can be observed that a higher density is achieved when the heater is

turned on.

From the comparison of second parameter is the condition of temperature of

closed tank with heater off and heater on which is results in Table 1 (Run 2-CLOSED

TANK/HEATER OFF) and Table 2 (Run 2-CLOSED TANK/HEATER ON), it can be seen that

the higher temperature, the lower specific gravity achieved after running experiment where the

calculated specific gravity in Table 1 (Run 2-CLOSED TANK/HEATER OFF) is 0.9959 which

is higher than Table 2 (Run 2-CLOSED TANK/HEATER ON) which is 0.9911. The actual

density is lower in Table 1 (Run 2-CLOSED TANK/HEATER OFF) is 955.5 kg/m3 compared

to Table 2 (Run 2-CLOSED TANK/HEATER ON) which is 958.5 kg/m3. It should be the higher

temperature has lower specific gravity and actual gravity, but it pressure in closed tank may be

affect the results. Thus, the deviation from hydrometer in Table 1 (Run 2-CLOSED

TANK/HEATER OFF) is 0.0388 higher than in Table 2 (Run 2-CLOSED TANK/HEATER ON)

which is 0.0340. It can be observed that a higher density is achieved when the heater is turned

on.

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