Electrical Safety

A Program Development Guide

EDITION #1
REVISED May 15, 2014
RELEASE DATE June 1, 2014
ENDORSEMENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This document was developed by industry for industry. Enform gratefully acknowledges the many individuals who
Enform gratefully acknowledges the support of the endorsing volunteered their time and effort to complete this document.
organizations in the development of this document.
Canadian Association of Geophysical Contractors (CAGC) DISCLAIMER
Canadian Association of Oilwell Drilling Contractors (CAODC) This document is intended to be flexible in application
Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) and provide guidance to users rather than act as a
Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) prescriptive solution. Recognizing that one solution is
not appropriate for all users and situations, it presents
Explorers and Producers Association of Canada (EPAC)
generally accepted guidelines that apply to industry
Petroleum Services Association of Canada (PSAC) situations, as well as recommended practices that may
suit a companys particular needs. While we believe that
ABOUT ENFORM the information contained herein is reliable under the
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leading resource for the continuous improvement of safety does not guarantee its accuracy. The use of this document or
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safety goals by providing practices, assessment, training, regardless of any fault or negligence of Enform and the
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Enform Electrical Safety i

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Due Diligence and Electrical Safety ............................................................................................... 1
1.2 The Hazards of Electricity .............................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Who is at Risk? ............................................................................................................................. 2
2.0 Developing an Electrical Safety Program ................................................................................................ 5
2.1 Safety Management Systems and Electricity ................................................................................. 5
2.2 Involve Employees ........................................................................................................................ 6
2.3 Identify Applicable Standards and Regulations .............................................................................. 6
2.4 Identify Affected Workers .............................................................................................................. 7
2.5 Review of Existing Systems .......................................................................................................... 8
3.0 Elements of an Electrical Safety Program ............................................................................................. 11
3.1 Policy Statement ......................................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Purpose and Scope ..................................................................................................................... 11
3.3 Roles and Responsibilities .......................................................................................................... 12
3.4 Hazard Identification and Assessment......................................................................................... 13
3.5 Electrical System Information ...................................................................................................... 17
3.6 Electrically Safe Work Condition .................................................................................................. 17
3.7 Power Line Safety ....................................................................................................................... 18
3.8 Job Planning Meetings ................................................................................................................ 19
3.9 Operating Fixed Electrical Equipment.......................................................................................... 19
3.10 Portable Electric Equipment and Extension Cords....................................................................... 20
3.11 Temporary Power Distribution Systems ....................................................................................... 21
3.12 Electrical-Specific Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ............................................................ 21
3.13 Equipment and Tools for Electrical Work ..................................................................................... 21
3.14 Training ....................................................................................................................................... 22
3.15 Maintenance and Housekeeping ................................................................................................. 23
3.16 Safety by Design ......................................................................................................................... 24
3.17 Emergency Response to Electrical Incidents and Fires ............................................................... 25
4.0 Implementation ..................................................................................................................................... 26
4.1 A Systems Approach ................................................................................................................... 26
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4.2 Continual Program Audit ............................................................................................................. 27

4.3 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 28
Appendix 1: References and Resources.......................................................................................................... 29
Appendix 2: Electrical Safety Program Development Checklist........................................................................ 32
Appendix 3:Site Assessment Checklist ............................................................................................................ 36
Appendix 4: Electrical Safety Program Elements Checklist .............................................................................. 39
Appendix 5: Policy, Purpose and Scope .......................................................................................................... 41
Appendix 6: Sample Electrical Safety Competencies for Qualified Electrical Workers ..................................... 42
Appendix 7: Safe Work Procedures ................................................................................................................. 43
Appendix 8: Energized Electrical Work Permit ................................................................................................. 45
Glossary .......................................................................................................................................................... 46
Enform Electrical Safety iii

Preface
Purpose
This guideline has been written specifically for the oil and gas industry and provides a framework to
develop and address electrical safety within a Companys Occupational Health and Safety
Management System (OHSMS). This guideline discusses electrical safety programs - as they apply to
large and small employers.

This guideline for electrical safety programs deals with safe work practices and not safe installations.
For guidance on safe installations practices, reference the Canadian Electrical Code and jurisdictional
specific requirements.

How to Use This Guideline

This guideline can be used by any organization within or supporting the oil and gas industry whose
workers may be exposed to electrical hazards. Companies may use this guideline to:

Assist them in determining the need for an electrical safety program and in developing
their electrical safety program.

Perform a safety audit and/or gap analysis of existing systems.

Apply the templates, processes, tools and additional resources provided in this guideline
to improve their program.
This guideline can also be utilized by producers, service companies, transportation companies,
drilling, seismic and exploration operations. Examples of these include, but are not limited to:

Oil and gas exploration and production companies

Electrical and instrumentation service providers

Construction service providers

Cathodic protection service providers

Hydrocarbon transmission companies

Oil & Gas service companies

Limitations
This guideline has been developed with reference to industry related publications. However, it is not
exhaustive. The reader should defer to published standards and applicable legislation for guidance.
This document is intended as a guideline and not as a compliance standard. This guideline is not
intended to be a protocol for the audit of an electrical safety program.
Enform Electrical Safety iv

Regulations
Each provincial and federal Occupational Health and Safety jurisdictional authority has a well-
established occupational health and safety regulatory framework. The Occupational Health and
Safety legislation in each jurisdiction defines the responsibilities for employers, supervisors and
workers to work safety and follow safe work practices. It is the employers legal obligation to ensure
current regulatory requirements are adhered to. This includes the required qualifications and
competencies of all supervisors and workers.

Revision Process
Industry Development Guidelines (IDGs) are developed by industry for industry. Enform acts as an
administrator and publisher.

Each IDG is reviewed on a three year cycle. Technical issues or changes may prompt a re-evaluation
and review of this IDG in whole or in part. For details on the IDG creation and revision process, visit
the Enform website at www.enform.ca.

Contributors
The following individuals have contributed to the development of this document:

Name Company Affiliation

Al Thurston Trans Canada CEPA
Pipeline

Andrew MacLeod CAGC CAGC

Carol Balogh C*quin Enform contract

Communications technical writer

Carole Sterenberg Enform Enform Administration

Cecil Gordon Cenovus Energy Inc. CAPP

Dana Boyle Enform Enform Administration

Kerwin Rittammer Apex PSAC

Kyla McMullin Enform Program Manager,

Industry Development

Roger McLeod Excalibur Drilling CAODC

Enform Electrical Safety v

Name Company Affiliation

Tara Lotnick Pembina Pipeline CEPA
Corporation

Terry Becker ESPS Electrical Senior Management

Safety Program Consultant Electrical
Solutions Inc. Safety Expert

Tom Morin Cenovus Energy Inc. CAPP

Trevor Sawatzky Husky Energy Inc. CAPP

Enform Electrical Safety 1

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Due Diligence and Electrical Safety
Most people are unaware of how dangerous electricity can be. Electricity is invisible, and
because we use it constantly, we often fail to recognize the potential risk of exposure to
electrical hazards. In the oil and gas industry, incidents involving electric hazards occur and
serious incidents including fatalities can occur without attention to electrical safety practices.
The requirements for electrical safety are constantly changing. Guidance for strategies to
manage electrical hazards can be found in regulations and national consensus standards like
the Canadian Standards Association CSA Z462, Workplace Electrical Safety Standard.
An electrical safety program documents the necessary policies and practices to eliminate or
reduce the risk of exposure to electrical hazards in the workplace. Whenever employees are
interacting with energized (e.g., voltage is present) electrical equipment, employers shall ensure
that electrical safety is a component of their Occupational Health and Safety Management
System (OHSMS). Provincial and Federal occupational health and safety authorities and the
Criminal Code of Canada require that employers provide safe work sites for their employees
and contract workers.
All employers have an obligation to identify, assess and control the risk of worker exposure to
electrical hazards in the workplace. Incorporating an electrical safety program as a component
of the OHSMS provides the appropriate due diligence with respect to the effective management
of electrical hazards.
Due diligence is a legal phrase referring to the duty to take reasonably practicable actions to
protect the well-being of others. In terms of occupational health and safety, due diligence
requires that everyone with responsibility for health and safety take every precaution in the
circumstances to avoid a work related injury or illness.
When it comes to occupational health and safety, due diligence requires employers to:

Establish an occupational health and safety management system.

Ensure the system is adequate.

Monitor and evaluate the systems effectiveness.

In the case of electrical safety, a hazard which has the potential for serious harm or death, the
degree of risk is deemed to be high and therefore a higher degree of due diligence is required.
At a minimum, an electrical safety program should:

Identify electrical hazards.

Assess the electrical hazards and associated risks related to a work task.

Document the application of preventive and protective control measures to reduce risk of
exposure to electrical hazards to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP).
Enform Electrical Safety 2

Train workers to identify the electrical hazards and apply appropriate control measures
to reduce risk of exposure.

Monitor the effectiveness of the control measures by completing audits.

This guideline provides direction and resources to establish an electrical safety program in the
oil and gas industry and is applicable to small and large organizations.

1.2 The Hazards of Electricity

The two primary hazards associated with electricity are the potential of exposure to electric
shock and arc flash when energized electrical equipment is in an abnormal condition (See
Glossary definition). Exposure to electric shock and arc flash can cause serious injury or death.
During an electric shock incident, a worker becomes part of an electric circuit by providing a
path for the electrical current to flow. The severity of the injury is determined by; the amount of
electric current that flows through the body, the path that the electrical current takes through the
body and how long the current flows. Physical contact with an energized conductor or circuit
part may not be necessary for electric shock to occur. Simply getting too close to high voltage
electrical equipment (e.g., overhead power lines) can be enough to cause electricity to flow
through the body.
An arc flash can occur when there is an abnormal condition in energized electrical equipment
that causes an electrical current to pass through the air. This can occur either between
ungrounded conductors or between grounded conductors and ungrounded conductors. Air
temperatures can reach 20,000C (35,000F). These extreme temperatures can burn the skin
directly and can also ignite polyester, polyester blends and natural fibre clothing. The toxic
vapours that are released from the arc flash event can cause respiratory damage as well.
Along with extreme temperature, there may be an explosive expansion of the surrounding air
and metallic components of electrical equipment. This blast effect, called arc blast, can cause
high pressures, extreme sound concussion (e.g., up to 165 dB) and push shrapnel away from
the arcing fault location. Materials and molten metals are propelled away from the arcing fault
location at high speeds.
Arc blast high pressures can cause physical trauma; (e.g., break bones), knock workers off
ladders and possibly rupture eardrums if no hearing protection is worn.

1.3 Who is at Risk?

Electrical installation codes such as the Canadian Electrical Code establish safety standards for
the installation of electrical equipment. These codes and standards do not establish safe work
practices or provide procedures for electrical workers. An electrical safety program is
recommended to establish policies, practices and procedures for the safe operation and
maintenance of energized electrical equipment.
Any person who uses electrical energy, or works in proximity to electrical energy, may be at risk
Enform Electrical Safety 3

of an electrical injury. The initial step is to determine whether employees are at risk.
To help make this determination, answer the following questions:

Do workers transport or operate equipment under or near energized overhead power

lines or buried electrical cables?

Do workers conduct work on or around energized electrical equipment and systems

where there are exposed conductors or circuit parts?

Do workers conduct energized electrical work (e.g., voltage testing, current

measurements, inspections, isolations, etc.)?

Do workers operate energized electrical equipment (e.g., motors, heaters, lighting, etc.)?

Do workers complete de-energized electrical work?

Are any workers qualified in a trade that may work with electrical equipment and
systems, such as electricians, instrument technicians or linemen?

Are there motor control centres or panel boards on your work site?

Is exposure to electricity an identified hazard to which workers are potentially exposed,

and which requires hazard control?

Do any workers use portable cord-and-plug-connected electrical equipment and

extension cords?
Note: These questions are only an example to provide guidance to the reader. Many more
questions may be included in a risk assessment determination. If the answer is yes to any of
the above questions, then an electrical safety program may be required.
The following are examples of workplace situations that could result in exposure to electrical
hazards:

A floor-hand is using an extension cord to connect a power washer. This worker needs
to understand that damaged extension cords can expose workers to electric shock and
that this equipment must be plugged into a receptacle protected by a ground fault circuit
interrupter (GFCI).

A plant operator becomes aware of a tripped circuit breaker. This worker needs to
understand that a tripped circuit breaker is often the result of an electrical fault. Re-
energizing that fault could cause electrical arcs at the faulted location. This could
contribute to a fire hazard or the electrification of metallic parts that could result in
personnel receiving an electric shock. A qualified electrical worker should investigate the
cause of the tripped circuit breaker.

An instrumentation technician is adding a new pressure transmitter to a control system.

The instrumentation technician needs to know that the termination panel may have
multiple sources of voltage and that multiple circuit breakers or fused disconnects may
Enform Electrical Safety 4

have to be opened in order to safely de-energize the panel.

An electrician needs to add a new motor control centre starter bucket to an energized
electrical bus. The electrician needs to analyse the electrical hazards in order to
determine if this task must be done while the system is energized. If the task must be
performed while the system is energized, then the electrician needs to understand the
voltage and arc flash incident energy present in order to determine the correct procedure
and personal protective equipment required.

Non-electrical workers such as pipeline workers, drilling and completions workers,

fallers/buckers, etc. working near or under overhead power lines (i.e., installing goal
posts or dummy poles) are at risk of inadvertently getting too close to a power line.

Unqualified workers, for example Rig managers working on motor control centres or
electrical panels.

Connecting and disconnecting equipment from power distribution equipment.

A camp kitchen worker is operating an electric mixer in a wet area. This worker needs to
understand that this equipment must be plugged into a GFCI receptacle.

In short, almost any worker may be exposed to electrical hazards and there are
numerous combinations of workplaces, workers and tasks that merit analysis in order to
determine exposure to electrical hazards.
Enform Electrical Safety 5

2.0 Developing an Electrical Safety Program

An electrical safety program outlines requirements, policies and practices to address hazards
associated with working near electricity. It can be a stand-alone program or be integrated into an
existing safety management system. It should be aligned with the requirements of the safety
management system, be practical, sustainable and a measurable program to mitigate or reduce the
risk of exposure to electrical hazards.

Determining the size and scope of an electrical safety program begins with a consideration of the
nature of the business and the electrical hazards involved. An organization dealing with energized
electrical work tasks should have an extensive electrical safety program. This may involve highly
detailed and documented procedures, a program manual, and a defined training matrix which is
integrated into the employers existing safety management system. On the other end of the spectrum,
a small operation that undertakes work with a low risk profile may need only a small task-specific
program that requires only minor amendments to an existing safety management system.

Regardless of the size and scope, what matters is that an electrical safety program is designed and
implemented to keep people safe. See Appendix 2 for a simple checklist that may prove helpful in
planning or updating your electrical safety program.

2.1 Safety Management Systems and Electricity

As mentioned, electrical safety should be part of an organizations health and safety
management system. However, the development of an electrical safety program does not
necessarily require a significant change to existing practices.
Developing an electrical safety program begins with an understanding of the current safety
management system. All organizations should have a safety management system. Information
on how to develop a safety management system can be found in the Enform guidelineSafety
Management Systems. In addition, the Canada Standards Association CSA Z1000,
Occupational Health and Safety Management Standards provide a model to develop and
implement an occupational health and safety management system.
A safety culture in the workplace is demonstrated through behaviour, values and action. It is a
reflection of employee opinions about how much the organization values their personal safety.
Being aware of the prevailing safety culture can help maximize program effectiveness.
Simple concise concepts that are easily remembered are excellent ways to influence behaviour.
One example is Test-Before-Touch, an easy to remember protocol to ensure energized
electrical equipment is safe to work on (see section 3.6 for more information).
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2.1.1 Leadership
The success of any program requires commitment from all levels of management in an
organization. Management should take a leadership role in preparing and
implementing the program. Management should:

Be involved and interested in activities.

Show leadership in action and words.

Communicate safety regularly.

An effective strategy is to integrate and communicate the cost benefit of an electrical
safety program. The cost benefit can help to establish the financial justification for
program development, implementation and maintenance. This may include using real
data from the companys incident history to establish the true costs of an electrical
injury (i.e., medical costs, insurance, replacement costs, lost time and fines).

2.2 Involve Employees

Successful safety management systems have a strategy to involve employees to get their
commitment. One approach is to create an electrical safety steering committee at the worksite
to oversee and guide the development and implementation of the program. This can foster
employee commitment and involvement in the process. Other steps to take may include:

Advise employees about the program both informally and also through company
communication channels such as memos and newsletters.

Hold meetings and provide regular updates.

Stress the importance of getting employee input into program development and
implementation.

Interview affected workers in their workplace to better understand hazards and increase
their investment in the process.

Share the completed program with employees and actively involve them in the
implementation.

Encourage on-going feedback.

2.3 Identify Applicable Standards and Regulations

When creating an electrical safety program, employers must ensure they adhere to applicable
regulations and legislation and utilize industry recognized and accepted standards. There are
many standards that may apply to an electrical safety program. Worker safety in Canada is
covered by provincial and federal regulations. Below is a partial list of the regulations and
standards that should be consulted before developing an electrical safety program:
Enform Electrical Safety 7

Provincial Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) LegislationMost provincial OH&S

legislation contains the general requirements for employers to identify hazards, which
would include shock and arc flash, and the requirement to take steps to protect workers
from these hazards. Depending on the province, there may be legislation that is
applicable to an electrical safety program. For example, there may be requirements and
limits for:

Working on or near energized electrical equipment

Safe limits of approach to energized conductors

Recommended personal protective equipment (PPE), special tools and

equipment (e.g., use of non-conductive ladders)

Training requirements

Working alone legislation

Safe work procedure development

Other requirements
NOTE: Be sure to consult legislation for all provinces where the company may operate.

The Canadian Standards Association CSA Z462, Workplace Electrical Safety is an

important standard to review.

Related standards that are specific for electrical PPE, tools and equipment are detailed
in Appendix 1.

2.4 Identify Affected Workers

A key factor in determining the nature and extent of an electrical safety program is whether the
company employs qualified electrical workers. If there are qualified electrical workers on site,
then an electrical safety program should be larger, more extensive, more comprehensive and
more detailed. If there are non-qualified workers only on site, then the electrical safety program
may be less extensive.
There are generally two main categories of workers covered by an electrical safety program.
These are:

Qualified electrical workers with formal training in electrical work. (See Glossary
definition). This may include; electricians, instrumentation technicians, electrical
technologist, electrical engineers, AC and refrigeration technicians, cathodic protection
technicians, elevator mechanics, etc.

Non-electrical workers (See Glossary definition) typically would include roles such as
operators for various types of services, equipment, or installations within the industry,
mechanics/millwrights, welders, and general labourers.
Enform Electrical Safety 8

The difference in qualifications as well as the type of hazards encountered dictates the type of
training required. The frequency of electrical safety training should occur, at a minimum, when a
new worker enters the company or when there is a change in the workers role. The CSA Z462
standard recommends a three year frequency for electrical safety training.

2.5 Review of Existing Systems

The most effective safety management systems are those that are incorporated into existing
systems and methodologies. These systems are more likely to have a long life and be
maintained as they become part of the organizations existing audit systems and maintenance
programs.

2.5.1 Safety Audit and/or Gap Analysis

Prior to making any decisions about electrical safety, it is essential to review current
systems and do a safety audit and/or gap analysis to determine key areas for
consideration. There are a variety of ways to undertake this analysis depending on the
size and nature of the business and the electrical hazards that workers are exposed
to.
Employers may require outside expertise such as electrical engineering professionals,
electrical trades persons and OH&S professionals to aid the development and
implementation of an electrical safety program.
A safety audit and/or gap analysis should be undertaken and may be conducted by
any of the following:

Representatives from the Health and Safety Committee

Any electrical engineering and/or electricians on staff

Someone with knowledge of the unique characteristics of electricity

Outside consultants

A team of any of the above

A safety audit and/or gap analysis may include but is not limited to the following key
questions:

What are the electrical hazards?

What needs to be done to mitigate or control them?

What controls are currently in place?

Are the controls adequate to ensure safety?

What is needed in terms of training?

Enform Electrical Safety 9

What is needed in terms of electrical specific PPE, tools and equipment?

2.5.2 Site Assessment

The first step in a safety audit and/or gap analysis is a site assessment. Site
assessments can provide very valuable information. Conducting a site assessment
involves visiting and evaluating facilities or installations. It is recommended that a site
visit be made to a series of representative facilities to provide the opportunity for
employee consultation and to ensure that assumptions that are made are
representative of the actual site conditions. In a mobile business, where facilities may
change from week to week, some reasonable assumptions may need to be made in
terms of electrical hazards.
The site assessment process is part of the data gathering exercise and should not be
rushed. A checklist can also assist in this process. For a sample checklist see
Appendix 3.
A site assessment may involve answering the following questions:

What are the voltage sources and potential electrical hazards?

What tasks may be required on or near energized electrical conductors or circuit

parts?

Are there single line diagrams available?

Are there arc flash and shock warning labels available on electrical equipment?

What are the lock out policies and procedures and isolation points?

What safe work practices are already in place?

Are electrically safe work procedures available and used?

Is there adequate facility signage at all access points where there are electrical
hazards?

What are the existing emergency response requirements and has the appropriate
emergency response training been provided for electrical incidents?

What are the training needs?

What are the possible installation deficiencies?

Have any changes or modifications been made since installation?

A team inspection process may also be of value. Photographs can be taken of the
findings for later reference and review. A site assessment should gather any
documentation available on site for further review, and consider interviewing
management, supervisors, electrical workers, and non-electrical workers with respect
to energized electrical equipment and current work practices. These findings should be
Enform Electrical Safety 10

documented and a prioritized corrective action list developed.

2.5.3 Corrective Action Plan

Once a safety audit and/or gap analysis has been conducted, the next step is to
develop a corrective action plan. The employer should establish a budget, prioritize
the corrective actions that need to occur, identify the potential resources required and
assign individuals to implement these corrective actions. Formulation of a corrective
action plan requires careful consideration. It is important to allow adequate time and
be realistic in establishing the plan.
Employers may require outside expertise (e.g., electrical engineering professionals,
electrical trades persons and OH&S professionals) to support the corrective action
plan.
It is vital that everyone involved in the plan be fully aware of the scope, possible
requirements and actions, and is committed to the successful achievement of the plan.
On-going management support is imperative.
Enform Electrical Safety 11

3.0 Elements of an Electrical Safety Program

This section contains a suggested list and description of the most common elements found in an
electrical safety program. Consideration should be given to incorporating each element for a
comprehensive electrical safety program. These elements are also consistent with OHSMS programs
such as the Certificate of Recognition (COR) Safety Management System elements.

It is important to note that this suggested list of elements may not address all of an organizations
electrical safety needs and not all organizations will need to address each element in this section.
Each organizations electrical safety program should be tailored to meet their electrical safety needs.
See Appendix 4 for a helpful checklist to use.

3.1 Policy Statement

A safety policy statement documents a companys guiding principles regarding safety. It should
be made available in the workplace and communicated to all employees. A sample has been
included in Appendix 5.
A policy statement may include:

An affirmation of the companys intention to identify, assess and control hazards in the
workplace.

A statement regarding whether tasks can be performed on energized electrical

conductors and circuit parts.

The requirement for all equipment to be verified in an electrically safe work condition
prior to any task being performed on the equipment.

The minimum training requirements for qualified electrical workers and non-electrical
workers.

A statement specifying accountability for the electrical safety program.

3.2 Purpose and Scope

The purpose statement explains why the program was developed and will generally address
safeguarding of workers with respect to the hazards of electric shock and arc flash with
associated arc blast.
The scope explains where, when and to whom the program applies. The scope should clearly
state if:

The program is mandatory.

The program applies to all workers, including contractors, vendors and service
Enform Electrical Safety 12

personnel.

Procedures may be supplemented by other documents.

Any boundary conditions or limits exist.

See Appendix 5 for a few examples.

3.3 Roles and Responsibilities

Various workers affected by the program must be defined by their roles and responsibilities. For
example:

Key decision makers

Staff with roles in developing or administering the program

Program auditors

Program funders

Managers

Supervisors

Qualified electrical workers

Non-electrical workers

3.3.1 Qualified Electrical Workers

The electrical safety program should clearly identify the tasks that may only be
performed by qualified electrical workers. Applicable provincial legislation and
consensus standards such as CSA Z462, Workplace Electrical Safety should be
consulted to determine these tasks. In addition, the electrical safety program should
define what is meant by a qualified electrical worker. The CSA Z462 standard defines
a qualified electrical worker (See Glossary definition). It is not enough that the worker
is certified as an electrician, they must also be qualified and competent to perform the
specific tasks that they are assigned and there may also be other requirements. The
electrical safety program should clearly state what these requirements are.
For example, an electrician must have all of the following:

Hold a Journeyman Electrician ticket in the electrical trade or other certification

that is acceptable to the local jurisdiction.

Be able to recognize the hazards involved in the work task.

Have the appropriate skills, knowledge, experience and sufficient expertise

related to the construction and operation of the electrical equipment and
installations involved in the work task
Enform Electrical Safety 13

Have received safety training on the hazards involved in the work task.
See Appendix 6 for electrical safety competencies expected of qualified electrical
workers in the Canadian upstream oil and gas industry.

3.3.2 Non-Electrical Workers

The CSA Z462 standard defines a non-electrical worker as an unqualified person
(worker) as; a person who is not a qualified person (See Glossary definition). An
unqualified person (worker) therefore should not be allowed to perform the work that
the electrical safety program stipulates must be done by a qualified electrical worker.
Non-electrical workers can injure themselves or others if they attempt to perform work
they are not qualified or competent to perform. These workers may not understand the
equipment or be able to recognize the hazards present.
The electrical safety program must be clear in setting limits on what a non-electrical
worker can and cannot do.

3.4 Hazard Identification and Assessment

The electrical safety program should include the hazard analysis process for workers to identify
and assess electrical hazards. Electrical hazards may be identified using accepted OH&S
safety practices, such as job task hazard analysis, job safety analysis or field level hazard
analysis. Employers are encouraged to consider worker participation in electrical hazard
identification and ensure sufficient subject matter expertise in electrical hazard identification.
Once potential electrical hazards are identified, the hazards must be quantified with respect to
shock and arc flash. Quantification of shock and arc flash hazards requires:

The determination of system voltage and establishing limits of approach or shock

approach boundaries.

The determination of available incident energy or the level of arc rated clothing at an
assumed working distance and what the arc flash boundary is.
Determination of system voltage and available incident energy can be complex and requires a
thorough understanding of electrical systems and competency in electrical engineering
principles.
Guidance is available to determine arc rated clothing requirements such as:
1. Engineering analysis to determine incident energy (See Glossary definition)
2. Use of tables provided in industry standards.
When energized electrical work tasks are required, the quantification of the voltage and arc
flash hazards allows for determination of safe approach boundaries to exposed, energized
conductors or circuit parts.
Once electrical hazards have been identified and quantified and approach boundaries have
been determined, then further job task hazard analysis is required. Assessment of electrical
Enform Electrical Safety 14

hazards requires an understanding of the position of the worker within the approach
boundaries, the task being performed at that position and the likelihood and consequence of an
electrical incident.
This assessment will facilitate the development of effective controls using a risk assessment
process, including the classification of electrical hazards for the development of electrical safe
work procedures. Section 3.6 of this guideline provides guidance on the development of safe
work practices and procedures.
The development and implementation of controls for electrical hazards should follow the
hierarchy of controls methodology. These are:
1. Elimination of the hazard.
2. Substitution.
3. Implementation of engineering controls.
4. Implementation of administrative controls through safe work practices, procedures and
training including the use warning signs and barricading.
5. Personal protective equipment
Each control methodology is explained in more detail below.

3.4.2 Elimination
Elimination of electrical hazards means to de-energize all sources and potential
sources of electricity that the worker may be exposed to. Elimination of electrical
hazards is achieved by establishing an electrically safe work condition as outlined in
CSA Z462, Workplace Electrical Safety (Refer to Section 3.6 of this guideline for more
information).
An electrical safety program requires that procedures be developed to establish an
electrically safe work condition. Where equipment design does not facilitate the
establishing of an electrically safe work condition, de-energizing concurrent with a
lock-out procedure may serve to eliminate the hazard.

3.4.3 Substitution
Where possible energized electrical equipment can be substituted with other electrical
equipment or related components to mitigate potential risks.

3.4.4 Engineering Controls

Engineering controls seek to protect the worker from contact with energized electrical
conductors and circuit parts, as well as offer a measure of protection should certain
electrical faults occur.
The implementation of guarding and insulation is one method of engineering control.
Barriers and fencing, sometimes with locked gates, serve to prohibit unauthorized
Enform Electrical Safety 15

persons from contacting exposed energized conductors and circuit parts. Installing
and closing doors and covers on electrical equipment also guards against contact with
energized conductors and circuit parts. Additionally, guards may be installed to cover
exposed parts and finger safe components used.
It is possible, in some cases, to reduce the incident energy (energy from a potential
arc flash event) by reducing the fault clearing time. This is achieved by adjusting
settings in protective devices installed in electrical systems, installing arc flash relays
and installing specialized protective relay schemes. Lastly, some engineering controls
are imbedded in the design of electrical equipment and systems. For more information
see Section 3.16.

3.4.5 Administrative controls

Administrative controls seek to establish safe work practices, procedures and training
specific to electrical tasks and electrical safety. Many electrical incidents are at least
partially due to unsafe work practices; therefore consideration of safe work procedures
is critical to the development and implementation of an electrical safety program. In
order to develop safe work procedures, hazards must first be identified and then
assessed. Guidance regarding the identification and assessment of electrical hazards
and completing a risk assessment is provided in Section 2.6.1 of this guideline.
High risk electrical work tasks may require detailed, step-by-step procedures be used
to reduce risk. Routine, or low risk electrical work tasks, may require less rigorous
procedures. All procedures should be written specifically for the work tasks and
environment. Procedures should be documented in a format that workers can
understand and utilize, be up to date and available in the workplace. Written
procedures must be available to the workers and training should be provided in the
performance of these procedures.
The jurisdiction that has legislative authority may detail the obligations of employers
and workers with respect to the development, implementation and continuous review
of procedures.
Procedures specific to electrical work may include:

Establishing an electrically safe work condition.

Performing Test-Before-Touch protocols.

Conducting energized electrical work e.g. voltage testing or current

measurement.

Completing an infrared thermographic survey.

Operating disconnection devices (opening and closing circuit breakers or

switches).
Enform Electrical Safety 16

Critical task procedures may include:

Inserting and removing motor starter buckets.

Racking in and racking out of power circuit breakers.

Applying temporary protective grounds.

Additional relevant procedures may include:

Lock-out procedures.

Obtaining a Safe Work Permit to work.

Transportation of over-height vehicles and equipment under overhead power

lines.

Working in proximity to overhead power lines.

Ground disturbance.
For an example of procedures see Appendix 7.

3.4.6 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Electrical-specific PPE, tools and equipment offer some protection to workers in the
event of an electrical incident. PPE should never be considered as a substitute for
establishing an electrically safe work condition. Energized electrical work requires the
use of electrical specific PPE, tools and equipment for the safe performance of
energized electrical work procedures. Electrical specific PPE, tools and equipment
include, but are not limited to:

rubber insulating (voltage-rated) gloves with leather protectors

arc rated coveralls

arc rated face shields with arc rated balaclavas or arc flash suit hood

arc flash suits with arc flash suit hoods

insulated hand tools

insulating live-line tools (i.e., hot sticks)

test equipment

rubber insulating blankets

Class E (nonconductive) hard hat

For more information refer to Appendix 1 for applicable standards.
Enform Electrical Safety 17

3.5 Electrical System Information

Electrical drawings, signage, labelling and the use of barricading may be crucial to inform
workers of electrical hazards and may play a critical role in safe work planning and executing
procedures. The electrical safety program should outline the requirements for these items.

3.5.1 Electrical Drawings

For employers who own or operate large or complex electrical systems, the creation
and maintenance of accurate electrical drawings is critical to worker safety.
Electrical workers and operations personnel can use accurate single line diagrams to:

Develop switching and isolation procedures and related safe work plans for de-
energizing electrical distribution equipment.

Convey information on arc flash incident energy and approach boundaries when
qualified electrical workers are exposed to electrical hazards.

3.5.2 Labels
Labels may be used on electrical equipment to provide information about the voltage
of the equipment, the available arc flash incident energy and the applicable approach
boundaries for shock and arc flash. Consult CSA Z462, Workplace Electrical Safety for
more information on the labelling of equipment.

3.5.3 Signage
Signage at entrances to electrical rooms, buildings and other areas such as outdoor
substations and transformer yards may be used to inform workers of restricted access
to these areas and to warn of the voltage of the electrical equipment that the area
contains.

3.6 Electrically Safe Work Condition

Electrical safety programs should include a policy to establish an electrically safe work
condition. All energized electrical conductors and circuit parts should be considered to be
energized unless an electrically safe work condition has been established. Additionally,
electrical workers need to understand the difference between simple de-energization and the
establishment of an electrically safe work condition.
A critical requirement of establishing an electrically safe work condition is confirming the
absence of voltage before working on electrical conductors or circuit parts. This is achieved by
completing a Test-Before-Touch procedure. An electrically safe work condition establishes a
state in which an energized electrical conductor or circuit part:

Is de-energized and isolated.

Has been tested to ensure the absence of voltage.

Enform Electrical Safety 18

Is locked out in accordance with lockout programs and procedures.

Has temporary protective grounds installed (if necessary) to guard against induced
electricity or inadvertent re-energization. Establishing an electrically safe work condition
may require the installation of temporary protective grounds where there is a chance that
de-energized circuit parts or conductors become energized by induced voltages, stored
electrical energy devices, accidental re-energization of the circuit due to operation of
disconnect devices or accidental contact with energized circuits. Some electrical
equipment rated at less than 750 V may not be designed for the installation of temporary
protective grounds, so additional consideration for the safeguarding of workers must be
identified.

Is physically disconnected from the locked out voltage source(s) (optional).

The electrical safety program should aim to minimize the amount of energized electrical work
that qualified electrical workers are tasked with. Where it is not feasible to de-energize,
procedures must be in place so that the qualified electrical worker can perform the work safely.
CSA Z462, Workplace Electrical Safety defines how to establish an electrically safe work
condition in clause 4.2.1.

3.7 Power Line Safety

Employers are required to identify, assess and control the hazards associated with work
performed near power lines and electric power facilities. Power lines may be installed overhead
or underground. Electric power facilities include transmission and distribution facilities like
substations.
With respect to power lines, employers are required to control the hazards associated with
working too close to a power line. In order to establish OH&S safe limits of approach to power
lines, employers must consult the owner of the electrical utility system prior to any work within 7
m of an overhead power line. Additionally, employers must ensure that all underground power
lines are located and marked prior to any activities that require the ground to be disturbed.
Workers must be trained in emergency response procedures should they find themselves near
a downed overhead power line or an exposed power line, or if they are involved in a vehicle
collision with an overhead power line.
Activities in the oil and gas industry that pose the greatest risk of contact with power lines are:

Transportation or movement of high loads

Excavation

Hoisting and reaching

Drilling and boring

Comprehensive treatment of power line safety is beyond the scope of this document. The
reader is encouraged to consult existing industry guidance from local electrical utilities and
Enform Electrical Safety 19

additional training programs.

3.8 Job Planning Meetings

The electrical safety program should specify requirements for pre-job planning of energized
electrical work. Pre-job planning should include, but is not limited to:

Identification and evaluation of the hazards associated with the work task.

Completion of a risk assessment related to the work task.

A plan of the work task, including the development of procedures.

Identification of required electrical-specific PPE, tools and equipment for the work.
The electrical safety program should also specify that a pre-job briefing is required prior to
starting the job. The pre-job briefing should include all workers involved with the work and even
other workers who may be in the area where the work is to take place. The pre-job briefing
should cover, but is not limited to:

Hazards and risk assessment associated with the job.

Work procedures involved.

Special precautions.

Energy source controls (e.g., lockouts in place.)

PPE, tools and equipment requirements.

Information on the energized electrical work permit if required. (For an example of an

energized electrical work permit See Appendix 8).

A hazard assessment is to be conducted utilizing atmospheric monitoring prior to

working on energized equipment in a hazardous location (See Glossary definition).
For a pre-job briefing and planning checklist, consult CSA Z462, Workplace Electrical Safety,
Annex I. The checklist is a useful tool to ensure that the pre-job planning is done correctly.

3.9 Operating Fixed Electrical Equipment

Where workers are required to operate circuit breakers, disconnect switches, push buttons,
relays, etc., the electrical safety program should address electrical safety requirements for
these operations.
Some considerations for the electrical safety program include:

Qualifications and training requirements for workers who operate electrical equipment.

Proper body positioning (i.e., stand to the side, consider whether the worker should face
or turn face away from the electrical equipment depending on the PPE worn).
Enform Electrical Safety 20

Whether the worker should ensure that equipment is closed and all hardware is in place
and fully tightened or latched.

The required or recommended PPE should be clearly stated depending on the specific
work task being performed.

Once the equipment is operated, the worker should determine if anything seems to be
abnormal (i.e., any abnormal noises, smells, visual clues, etc. that indicate a possible
problem has occurred during operation of the equipment). If abnormal, contact a
qualified electrical worker to investigate.

Proper investigation of tripped protective devices by a qualified electrical worker prior to

re-energization.

3.10 Portable Electric Equipment and Extension Cords

The electrical hazards associated with the use of portable electrical equipment and extension
cords are often overlooked or poorly understood. When they are improperly assembled or
maintained, they pose a shock and electrocution hazard.
An electrical safety program should include a section on the hazards associated with this type
of equipment and specify procedures for its operation, inspection and maintenance.
Most regulatory agencies and electrical installation codes require that electrical equipment be
maintained by qualified electricians. Portable equipment may be operated by a variety of non-
electrical workers. Frequently, correct operation of this equipment requires the performance of
detailed procedures. For example, many portable electric generators require the installation of a
ground rod and the connection of a grounding conductor. Failure to follow procedures required
by the manufacturer may expose workers to the hazards of electric shock. Additionally, the use
of portable electric power tools in indoor or outdoor locations where water may be present
requires the use of a Class A GFCI in order to safeguard the worker from shock. Inadequate or
improper maintenance of electrical equipment may cause shock injuries and electrocution to the
worker.
Extension cords are found in most workplaces and are often an essential tool. When they are
improperly assembled and when incorrectly or inadequately maintained, extension cords pose a
shock and electrocution hazard. Electrical installation codes, such as the Canadian Electrical
Code, specify the requirements for extension cords. Qualified electricians are trained to
assemble and maintain extension cords in accordance with these installation codes.
Frequently, extension cords are assembled at work sites by unqualified workers. The use of
incorrect conductor sizes, incorrect conductor specification, incorrect attachment plugs and
poor workmanship when making electrical connections creates a significant fire and shock
hazard, as do damaged or severed extension cords.
Enform Electrical Safety 21

3.11 Temporary Power Distribution Systems

During facility construction and maintenance turnarounds, temporary power distribution systems
are often developed in order to provide power to portable electric equipment and other electrical
loads (e.g., lighting). These temporary power distribution systems should be addressed in the
electrical safety program in order to identify the potential hazards of shock and arc flash (e.g.,
120/208 Vac, 480 Vac, 600 Vac and higher voltage temporary power distribution). Safe work
procedures should address how to inspect cables and cords for damage, proper system
protection to protect against shock, fire and arc flash and other installation methods to reduce
the probability of shock or arc flash from occurring.

3.12 Electrical-Specific Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

The electrical safety program should identify PPE that is specific to protect the qualified
electrical worker from the hazards of electric shock and arc flash. Issues that may be addressed
include, but are not limited to:

How to select appropriate PPE for the hazards of electric shock and arc flash.

Minimum levels of PPE for various tasks.

When electrical-specific PPE should be worn.

Requirements to properly care for and store of the PPE.

Requirements for testing rubber insulating gloves every six months.

Requirements for testing live-line tools every 24 months.

3.13 Equipment and Tools for Electrical Work

For any organization that requires work on energized electrical equipment, the electrical safety
program should have rules pertaining to the test equipment (e.g., digital multi-meters) used to
test electrical circuits. The electrical safety program should also specify the tools that may be
used to work on or near energized conductors.
Electrical workers use portable test equipment (e.g. low and high voltage testers/detectors,
multi-meters, meggers, etc.) for tasks such as troubleshooting, maintenance, Test-Before-
Touch protocols and others. These meters must be appropriately rated for their intended use
and be in good working condition. The electrical safety program should outline:

Minimum standards that must be met for the test equipment that stipulate voltage
ratings.

The suggested standards for test equipment rated 1000 V and below include ANSI/ISA -
61010-1 (82.02.01) and IEC 61010.
Enform Electrical Safety 22

The suggested standard for test equipment intended for use on circuits rated above
1000 V is IEC 61243-1.

Pre-use checks should be done to ensure the test equipment is ready for use, can be
expected to perform reliably and do not introduce additional hazards (e.g., the test leads
are plugged into the correct location, the batteries are in good condition, there are no
cracks in the case of the meter, the probes and leads are in good shape, the meter is set
to the correct setting for the intended use, etc.).
Qualified electrical workers may also use insulated hand tools (e.g., 1000 V rated screwdrivers,
pliers, wrenches, sockets, etc.) to work on energized circuits. The electrical safety program
should outline:

Minimum standards such as international standards that must be met.

Standard for insulated hand tools to be used on energized circuits rated below 1000 V
(ASTM F1505).

Pre-use checks should be done to ensure insulated hand tools are ready for use (e.g.
check to ensure there are no nicks in the insulated portions of the tool, the tool is clean
and it is mechanically and structurally sound, etc.).
The electrical safety program may need to address the specification and use of live line tools.
Live Line tools shall meet the ASTM F711 standard and CANIULC-D60855 standard. Live line
tools shall be tested by an approved testing facility at intervals not to exceed two years.

3.14 Training
The specific training requirements for each type of worker, or each defined role, should be
developed and stated in the electrical safety program. The training requirements should
consider the types of tasks performed and the possible hazards encountered.
The electrical safety program should provide direction regarding electrical safety training. Some
questions to address may include, but are not limited to:

Who will be trained?

How they will be trained?

Who will provide the training?

How often the training is required?

Training documentation to be retained?

Specific competencies that must be demonstrated?

Written requirements and/or a training matrix should be developed for all workers who operate
or maintain energized electrical equipment. It may be necessary to further split qualified
electrical workers into those with full certification (e.g., journeyman electricians) and those who
Enform Electrical Safety 23

are still apprenticing. The electrical safety program should specify how often workers need to be
re-trained.
CSA Z462 requires that workers be retrained at intervals not to exceed three years.
The electrical safety program will need to determine how training will be done (i.e., classroom,
on-line computer-based training, self-study, on-the-job training, etc.) and who will deliver it.
Training should also be documented appropriately, including:

Who was trained.

When were they trained.

Who provided the training.

What the training entailed.

Copies of tests or test results.

3.14.1 Demonstrating Competency

The electrical safety program may define critical task procedures that require
documented competency validation prior to allowing a worker to perform these tasks.
As part of this process, the workers task competency could be assessed by another
individual, who has already demonstrated and has been validated as competent in
performing the task. This may include the workers supervisor. See Appendix 6 for
electrical safety competencies expected of qualified electrical workers in the Canadian
upstream oil and gas industry.

3.15 Maintenance and Housekeeping

The electrical safety program should outline basic requirements for maintenance and
housekeeping of electrical equipment and electrical rooms and buildings.

3.15.1 Maintenance
Electrical equipment that is kept clean, well maintained and tested on a regular basis
(where applicable) is more likely to perform as expected and less likely to contribute to
a shock or arc flash incident. An electrical equipment maintenance program should
consider the day-to-day operation of the equipment as well as the interaction of
workers with the equipment when maintenance and testing is required.
Circuit breakers that are expected to operate in a specific amount of time in order to
limit the incident energy in the event of an arcing fault and an arc flash should be
exercised and tested, if possible, at regular intervals to help ensure that they will
operate as expected. These circuit breakers must be maintained at regular intervals to
help ensure they will operate correctly.
Enform Electrical Safety 24

Cleaning dust and other contaminants from bus bars and other non-insulated
conductors or circuit parts can help ensure that arcing faults do not develop.
Visual inspections of electrical equipment should be done on a regular basis to spot
potential problems such as excessive corrosion of electrical enclosures, overheating or
damage to electrical components such as grounding systems, cable and conduit
systems, etc. These inspections can be done without exposing workers to energized
conductors.
For larger electrical distribution systems, infrared thermography and other methods
can spot problem hot spots that may otherwise go undetected.

3.15.2 Housekeeping
The electrical safety program should contain requirements for good general
housekeeping in the vicinity of energized electrical equipment. It is well established
that workspaces that are kept neat and tidy have fewer incidents. Also, the Canadian
Electrical Code requires electrical rooms and buildings to have certain access, egress
routes and clearances around electrical equipment. Materials shall not be stored in
electrical rooms or buildings with the exception of materials related to the maintenance
and operation of the electrical equipment.

3.16 Safety by Design

Initial engineering design and future upgrades can have a tremendous effect on electrical safety
over the lifetime of an electrical installation. Companies involved in the design of new electrical
systems in any capacity, whether as owner, operator, engineer/designer, manufacturer, etc.,
should make safety-by-design part of new and retrofit designs. The requirement for safety-by-
design should be included in the electrical safety program. This section of the electrical safety
program should require that electrical safety be a design consideration during the initial design
phase of new projects, as well as during upgrades of existing facilities or systems.
In all instances, it is recommended that electrical risk exposure be reduced to as low as
reasonably practicable at the design phase.
Safety-by-design requirements may include:

Reducing the need for workers to interact with energized equipment.

Reducing the available arc flash incident energy where possible.

Reducing the shock hazards where workers need to interact with energized equipment
(e.g., separate the different voltage levels so that workers who are troubleshooting
control voltages are not exposed to higher voltage power circuits, include finger safe
designs, insulated bus and cable terminations, and guarding).

Increasing the working distance from potential arcing fault source to the worker.

Installing infra-red scanning windows.

Enform Electrical Safety 25

Incorporating finger-safe terminals to reduce the chance of accidental contact with

energized circuits.

Installing permanent voltage meters or other permanent voltage indicators as an initial

indication of energized circuit parts.

Installing neutral grounding resistors to reduce the chance of a single phase to ground
fault escalating to a three-phase fault.

3.17 Emergency Response to Electrical Incidents and Fires

Electrical safety programs should include emergency response procedures specific to electrical
incidents and electrical fires.
Depending on the nature of work of an organization, it may be appropriate to provide training
and emergency response plans in the event that a worker is injured or incapacitated due to
electric shock or arc flash. A key requirement in training and emergency response is to ensure
that emergency responders for electrical incidents understand that the injured worker or the
surrounding area may pose a shock hazard. Similar to H2S hazards, we do not want the
emergency responder to become a second victim.
Workers exposed to shock hazards and those workers responsible for taking action in case of
emergency shall be trained in methods of release of victims from contact with exposed
energized electrical conductors or circuit parts.
Personnel who may be tasked with fighting an electrical fire must understand how to respond to
this type of incident. Training and safe work procedures should be developed for these workers.
Note that emergency response procedures related to electrical incidents should be included in
the organizations overall emergency response plan as part of the overall health and safety
management system.
Requirements for the electrical incident reporting and in the jurisdiction having authority will
include both Occupational Health and Safety and organizational responsibility for the Canadian
Electrical Code Part 1 compliance.
At least one person on a work site must have first aid and CPR training in order to respond to a
shock incident.
Enform Electrical Safety 26

4.0 Implementation
After all the work involved in developing an electrical safety program, implementation is where the
program becomes a reality. The following five components are key to supporting a successful
implementation process:

PeopleInvolve people with the required knowledge and skills.

ResourcesAllow sufficient time and resources, including time for staff to participate and
engage in training activities.

BudgetEnsure that budgets allow for the related costs of implementation and maintenance
of the program.

StructureEstablish a management structure with clear lines of communication. Identify an

Electrical Safety Program Manager or owner of the program and hold regular strategy
meetings.

SystemsUse management and technology systems to track progress and build milestones
into the plan that must be achieved within a specific timeframe. Have an internal electrical
safety audit and/or gap analysis performed within 12 months of implementing the electrical
safety program.

CultureCreate an environment that connects employees to the program and develop

creative consequences for achieving or not achieving targets.

4.1 A Systems Approach

Programs tend to be narrowly focused and generally have a start, middle and end. They are
designed to ensure the prescribed requirement has been completed.
Systems, on the other hand, are integrated and have a defined structure with inputs, processes
and outputsall emphasizing feedback to ensure the processes are working properly. The
systems approach is characterized by the cycle of Plan, Do, Check, Act as shown in the
diagram below. It is designed to drive continuous improvement in safety and health
performance.
Wherever possible it is recommended that employers integrate their electrical safety program
into their overall OHSMS. This integration supports continual improvement activities. For
example, company quality systems can be used to obtain feedback and encourage worker
suggestions and input. The integration of systems ensures quality management principles are
maintained and supports more robust outcomes.
Enform Electrical Safety 27

Plan
Legal and other
requirements
Hazard and risk
identification and
assessment
OHS objectives
Policy
and targets

Do
Preventive and protective

Act measures
Emergency prevention,
preparedness and response
Management review Competence and training
Continual improvement Communication and awareness
Procurement and contracting
Management of change

Check
Monitoring and measurement
Incident investigation and analysis
Internal audits
Preventive and corrective action

4.2 Continual Program Audit

In order for electrical safety programs to remain current and responsive, any defects should be
remedied using quality management processes. A system for undertaking regular internal
electrical safety audits should be built into the electrical safety program. The objective of t a gap
analysis process is to ensure the program is working as intended, identifies and controls
electrical hazards and utilizes current knowledge and standards. A simple and responsive
system is preferable to one that is complex and cumbersome. See Appendix 2 for a useful tool
to complete a gap analysis. Note: This guideline is not intended to be a protocol for an audit of
an electrical safety program. It is the responsibility of the individual companies to establish audit
standards of this guideline for their own use.
Internal electrical safety audits should occur annually and also whenever there is a change in
circumstances that may affect the program. These changes may include the introduction of new
technologies or processes or new regulations or updated standards. It is essential to regularly
review applicable legislation and standards.
Enform Electrical Safety 28

The program should also be reviewed when new risks associated with existing hazards or
conditions are identified. Deficiencies may be identified through review of documentation,
interviews, inspections, work task observations or investigations into incidents.
Ensure that a safety audit and/or gap analysis report is generated that identifies the findings. In
addition, any system improvements or corrective actions that are taken should be documented.
Ensure that workers are made aware of any changes. When changes are made, remember to
ensure that parallel systems and tools are also altered to retain internal consistency between
systems. For example, if you alter the labelling convention used, then ensure that the training,
orientation systems and resources reflect consistent information.
Internal electrical safety audits have the dual role of both verifying program effectiveness and
identifying weaknesses in the programs design and implementation. When the review process
triggers revisions to the program, the objective of continuous improvement is furthered.

4.3 Summary
For a continuous improvement process to be successful, it is vital to ensure that all the steps of
the Plan, Do, Check and Act process are addressed. This ensures the program stays current
and effective.
There must be a process of providing feedback to the program owners and the employer as to
whether the program is providing the electrical safety performance expected. Without an
evaluation process, there is no way of being certain that the resources were expended
prudently.
By implementing an electrical safety program a sustainable and measurable system is
established to ensure that the electrical hazards of arc flash and shock are eliminated or
reduced to as low as reasonably practicable.
Enform Electrical Safety 29

Appendix 1: References and Resources

References and resources should be consulted in the development of an electrical safety program.
These references may include, but are not limited to, the latest editions of the following:

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

ANSI/ISA -61010-1 (82.02.01), Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for

Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use
Canadian Standards Association (CSA)

C22.1, Canadian Electrical Code Part 1

CSA Z462, Workplace Electrical Safety

CSA M421, Use of Electricity and Mines

CSA Z460, Control of Hazardous Energy Lockout and Other Methods

CSA Z463, Guideline for Electrical Equipment Maintenance

CSA Z1000, Occupational Health and Safety Management

CSA Z1002, Occupational Health and Safety Hazard Identification and Elimination and
Risk Assessment and Control
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

IEC 61010-2-010, Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,

Control and Laboratory use.

IEC 61243-1, Voltage Detectors, 3.3-33 kV

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

NFPA-70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace

Occupational Health &Safety Regulations

Alberta Occupational Health & Safety Act, Regulation, and Code

British Columbia Occupational Health & Safety Act, Regulation, and Code

Saskatchewan Employment Act, Regulation and Code

Canada Labour Code, Part II

CAN/ULC -D60855, Live WorkingInsulating Foam-Filled Tubes and Solid Rods for
Live Working
Enform Electrical Safety 30

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IEEE1584, Guide to Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations

Table 1: Applicable Standards for Electrical-Specific PPE and Electrical Equipment

Subject Number and Title

Apparel ASTM F 1506, Standard Performance Specification for Textile

Material for Wearing Apparel for Use by Electrical Workers
Exposed to Momentary Electric Arc and Related Thermal
Hazards

Eye and Face CSA-Z94.3, Eye and Face Protectors

Protection
ANSI/ISEA Z87.1, Occupational and Educational Personal
Eye and Face Protective Devices

Face Protective ASTM F 2178, Standard Test Method for Determining the Arc
Products Rating and Standard Specification for Face Protective
Products

Footwear CSA-Z195, Protective footwear

ASTM F 1117, Standard Specification for Dielectric Footwear

Gloves ASTM D 120, Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating

Gloves

Head Protection CSA-Z94.1, Industrial Protective Headwear

ANSI/ISEA Z89.1, Industrial Head Protection

Insulated Hand ASTM F 1505, Standard Specification for Insulated and

Tools Insulating Hand Tools

Leather ASTM F 696, Standard Specification for Leather Protectors

Protectors for Rubber Insulating Gloves and Mittens

Live-Line Tools ASTM F 711, Standard Specification for Fiberglass-

(Hot Sticks) Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Rod and Tube Used in Live-Line
Tools
Enform Electrical Safety 31

Subject Number and Title

Raingear ASTM F 1891, Standard Specification for Arc and Flame

Resistant Rainwear

Rubber Insulating ASTM F 496, Standard Specification for In-Service Care of

Gloves and Insulating Gloves and Sleeves
Sleeves

Sleeves ASTM D 1051, Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating

Sleeves

Temporary ASTM F 855, Standard Specification for Temporary Protective

Protective Grounds to be Used on De-Energized Electric Power Lines
Grounds and Equipment
Enform Electrical Safety 32

Appendix 2: Electrical Safety Program Development Checklist

This checklist can be used to assist with development or to review an existing electrical safety
program or documentation. Note: This checklist is not intended to be a protocol for an audit of an
electrical safety program. It is the responsibility of the individual companies to establish audit
standards for their own use.

Questions: Yes No
Do you have an established Occupational Health and Safety
Management System (OHSMS)?

Do you have a documented electrical safety program?

Do you have documented policies, and practices that are consistent

with this guideline included within your OHSMS or a specific
electrical safety program?

If you do have a documented electrical safety program is it

consistent with your organization's needs and culture?

Did you use the CSA Z462 Workplace Electrical Safety standard as
a resource for the electrical safety program?

Have you reviewed your jurisdiction specific OH&S Regulations and

any specific electrical safety requirements?

Do you have management commitment to the electrical safety

program?

Is the organization's written electrical safety program available to all

workers?

Do you have someone assigned to be responsible for the

implementation and on-going maintenance of the electrical safety
program?

Do staff and senior management understand that the electrical

safety program is an on-going endeavour and the program is slated
to be updated at least every three years?
Enform Electrical Safety 33

Questions: Yes No
Do you have an established Hazard Identification, and Risk
Assessment process?

Are the electrical hazards of arc flash and shock identified?

Does this form identify arc flash and shock?

Have you completed an engineering incident energy analysis and

applied arc flash and shock warning labels to electrical equipment?

Can your workers properly interpret detailed arc flash and shock
labels that may be applied to power distribution equipment?

Do your workers identify the shock hazard and document the

voltage and limited, restricted and prohibited approach boundaries?

Do your qualified electrical workers identify when an arcing

fault and arc flash hazard potential exists related to
energized electrical work?

Have your workers identified the arc flash boundary, and arc
rated clothing required for the task?

Do your qualified electrical workers know that arc rated clothing is

identified by an Arc Thermal Performance Value (ATPV)?

Do you define Roles & Responsibilities related to controlling and

performing energized electrical work?

Do you define and control the work tasks that qualified electrical
workers can perform (i.e., low voltage versus high voltage work
tasks)?

Are worker qualifications and competencies validated?

Do you have in place and use an Energized Electrical Work Permit

or equivalent?

Do you have an established lockout program and it addresses the

isolation of electrical equipment?

Do you establish an electrically safe work condition related to

energized electrical equipment before working on it?

Do you have an established overhead power line encroachment

policy?
Enform Electrical Safety 34

Questions: Yes No
Do you have overhead power line safety related policies and training
for your workers?

Have you procured and made available to qualified electrical

workers arc rated clothing for qualified electrical workers?

Have you procured and made available rubber insulating gloves with
leather protectors for qualified electrical workers?

Do you have insulated and insulating hand tools for qualified

electrical workers?

Are the electrical-specific tools and PPE properly stored and

regularly inspected?

Are you doing regular maintenance on the equipment?

Do workers have access to manuals, single line drawings,

procedures or other documentation to do the work?

Is the installation compliant with the required codes and standards?

(i.e., bonding/grounding, fuse sizing, breaker setting, spacing,
identification of equipment, etc.)

Do you have appropriately certified and rated test equipment (e.g.,

Category III, 600 V digital multi-meters for low voltage testing)
available for your workers?

Are the employees trained in the care, use and maintenance of arc
flash and shock PPE, tools and equipment?

Are the employees trained in company procedures for working on

energized electrical equipment?

Do you establish an electrical work zone using the arc flash and
shock boundaries to establish the distance?

Has your program for identification, assessment and control of

hazards been regularly reviewed?

Do you use spot audits and field check to ensure the electrical
safety program is implemented correctly?

Do you have portable in line ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs)

available for all workers to use?
Enform Electrical Safety 35

Questions: Yes No
Have all workers been advised that all electrical incidents shall be
reported as per company policies, procedures or formal reporting
requirements for both shock and arc flash?

Do you have a documented policy that advises all workers to report

an electrical incident (e.g., shock, arcing fault or arc flash)?

Do you have documented procedures for energized electrical work?

Do all employees know how to activate the emergency response

system?

Have you provided emergency response training for affected

workers and specifically release of shock victims?

Do affected workers have CPR and first aid training?

Has the appropriate electrical safety training been provided to other

workers who may be exposed to electrical hazards?
Enform Electrical Safety 36

Appendix 3:Site Assessment Checklist

This electrical work practices checklist can be used to provide an evaluation of your companys
electrical work processes. Any item that is marked with a No response should be addressed
immediately. This checklist may include, but is not limited to the following inspection questions:

Inspection Questions: Yes No

Are employees who are at risk of electric shock trained in and are
familiar with safety-related work practices?

Are qualified electrical workers (those who are permitted to work on

exposed energized conductors or circuit parts) given the following
training:

The skills and techniques necessary to distinguish between

exposed energized conductors and circuit parts from other
parts of electric equipment?

The skills and techniques necessary to determine the

nominal voltage of exposed energized conductors and circuit
parts?

The shock approach boundaries and arc flash boundary

corresponding to the work tasks to which the qualified
electrical worker will be exposed?

Is the degree of training provided determined by the risk to the

worker?

Are all energized conductors or circuit parts de-energized before an

employee works on them (e.g., repair or alteration), unless de-
energizing increases risk or is not possible because of equipment
design or operational limitations?

If energized conductors or circuit parts are not de-energized, are

other practices used to protect persons who may be exposed to
electrical hazards?

Do these work practices protect the body against direct contact with
energized conductors or circuit parts and against indirect contact
through a conductive object?

If an employee has contact with parts of fixed electrical equipment or

circuits that have been de-energized, have the circuits energizing
the parts been locked out?

Is a written copy of electrical safety procedures (including lockout)

Enform Electrical Safety 37

Inspection Questions: Yes No

available for inspection?

Are safe procedures determined before circuits or equipment are de-

energized?

Are the circuits and equipment to be worked on disconnected from

all energy sources?

Has stored, hazardous electric energy been released?

Is stored nonelectrical energy in devices that could reenergize

electric circuit parts blocked or relieved enough to prevent circuit
parts from being accidentally energized by the device?

Is a lockout protocol used to de-energize circuits and equipment?

Does each tag have a statement prohibiting unauthorized operation

of the disconnecting means and removal of the tag?

When a tag is used without a lock, is at least one additional safety

measure used that provides a level of safety equivalent to that
obtained from a lock?

Is a lock placed without a tag only under all the following conditions:

Only one circuit or piece of equipment is de-energized?

The lockout period does not extend beyond the work day?

Employees exposed to the hazards associated with

reenergizing the circuit or equipment are familiar with this
procedure?

Are the requirements below met before any circuit or equipment can
be considered de-energized:

A non-electrical worker or qualified electrical worker verifies

that the equipment cannot be restarted?

A qualified electrical worker verifies that the electrical

conductors or circuit parts of equipment to which employees
will be exposed are de-energized. The qualified electrical
worker must also determine whether voltage exists as a
result of inadvertently induced voltage or unrelated voltage
feedback?
Enform Electrical Safety 38

Inspection Questions: Yes No

Are all of the following requirements met (in the order given) before
circuits or equipment are re-energized, even temporarily:

1. A qualified electrical worker verifies that all tools, electrical

jumpers, shorts, temporary protective grounds, and other
such devices have been removed so that the circuits and
equipment can be safely energized?

2. Persons exposed to the hazards associated with re-

energizing the circuit or equipment are warned to stay clear
of circuits and equipment?

3. Each lock and tag is removed by the person who applied it

or under his or her direct supervision?

4. All persons are clear of the circuits and equipment?

Are only qualified persons permitted to work on electric conductors,

circuit parts or equipment that have not been de-energized?

Are employees prevented from handling conductive materials and

equipment that are in contact with the person's body that may
contact exposed energized conductors or circuit parts?

If employees must handle long-dimensional conductive objects

(such as ducts and pipes) in areas with exposed energized parts,
have work practices been instituted (such as the use of insulation,
guarding, and material handling techniques) that will minimize the
hazard?

Do portable ladders have non conducting side rails when they could
contact exposed, energized parts?

Is the use of conductive articles of jewelry, clothing (such as

watchbands, bracelets, rings, key chains, necklaces, metalized
aprons, cloth with conductive threads, or metal head gear)
prohibited for qualified electrical workers?

Are employees prohibited from performing housekeeping duties

where exposed energized electrical conductors and circuit parts
present an electrical contact hazard due to housekeeping duties that
must be performed near such parts?

If employees do conduct housekeeping duties near energized

electrical conductors or circuits, are adequate safeguards (such as
insulating equipment or barriers) used?
Enform Electrical Safety 39

Appendix 4: Electrical Safety Program Elements Checklist

Program Element Program Element
Corporate & management safety Job hazard/risk evaluation and
statement and policy briefing procedures

Electrical safety hazards roles and Establishing an electrically safe

responsibilities work condition, lock out policies
and forms

Electrical safety training Safe work practices

requirements for electrical work demonstration

Safety brief/toolbox topics Lock out audits

Outside personnel/contractor Electrical-specific Personal

requirements Protective Equipment (PPE),
tools and equipment
requirements

Requirements for electrical work, Requirements related to portable

de-energization power equipment, extension
cords and Ground Fault Circuit
Interrupters (GFCIs)

Multi-employer responsibility Insulated hand tool requirements

Energized electrical work policy Electrical equipment

maintenance practices to
minimize risks and hazards

Work task electrical hazard analysis Electrical power distribution

and risk assessment system design practices to
minimize risks and hazards

General electrical safety Incident review and safety

requirements program update policies

Field level hazard analysis/job Emergency response to

hazard analysis electrical incidents

Work permits and job briefing Other applicable corporate safety

requirements policies

Electrical safety audit Appendices

Enform Electrical Safety 40

Program Element Program Element

Validation of work competency Action item summary and
tracking documents

Definitions and references Electrical safety program update

tracking
Enform Electrical Safety 41

Appendix 5: Policy, Purpose and Scope

Sample 1

Policy Statement:

It is the policy of XYZ Company that all workers be trained and aware of all electrical safety
requirements as stated in this document.

Purpose Statement:

The purpose of this policy is to establish safe work practices that are intended to prevent or reduce
risk of exposure to the electrical hazards of arc flash and electric shock. These safe work practices
will prevent or reduce injuries resulting from either indirect or direct electrical contacts when work is
justified to be performed on energized electrical conductors or circuit parts.

Scope:

Establishing safe work practices for electrical safety is the responsibility of all employees.

Sample 2

Policy Statement:

(Company name) recognizes workplace electrical safety to be a key component of its overall
occupational health and safety management system and related policies and practices.

Purpose Statement:

The purpose of this document is to specify the requirements and guiding principles of our electrical
safety policies in order to mitigate or reduce the risk of exposure of personnel to electrical hazards.

Scope:

All employees involved in the planning, supervision and execution of operating, maintenance and
construction tasks performed on electrical equipment or systems are required to understand and
comply with this program.
Enform Electrical Safety 42

Appendix 6: Sample Electrical Safety Competencies for

Qualified Electrical Workers
Qualified electrical workers in the oil and gas industry should be able to demonstrate the following
electrical safety competencies:

Identify current standards, specifications and legislation for electrical safety.

Understand the effects of electric shock and arc flash.

Identify energized electrical work.

Identity electrical hazards in every work task.

Assess the hazards of shock and arc flash in every work task by determining the nominal
electrical equipment voltage, incident energy at the assumed working distance, the arc flash
boundary, and the limited, restricted and prohibited approach boundaries.

Understand industry best practices and regulatory requirements for de-energizing electrical
equipment prior to performing work.

Demonstrate the Test-Before-Touch procedure.

Explain how to use electrical test equipment for Test-Before-Touch procedures.

Explain individual and group lock-out procedures.

Explain how an electrically safe work condition is achieved.

Understand how to select, perform pre-use checks, and maintain electrical-specific PPE,
tools and equipment.

Demonstrate how to safety operate low-voltage (e.g., <750 Vac) breakers, switches and
disconnects.

Understand safe limits of approach to energized, exposed conductors or circuit parts.

Explain emergency response and first aid for electrical incidents.

Enform Electrical Safety 43

Appendix 7: Safe Work Procedures

Sample of Safe Work Procedures

The following is a content example of an electrical work hazard assessment and safe work
procedures document.

Work Task: Opening and Closing Circuit Breakers or Disconnect Switches

Scope of Work: Isolation of electrical equipment under normal operating conditions

Employee performing task: operators, electricians

Tools and PPE required: as per hazard assessment

Procedure:

1. Identify the electrical load to be isolated. Identify the circuit breaker or disconnect switch.

Action recommended: Consult the single line diagram, check equipment tag on the single line and on
the front door of the electrical equipment. Check the lighting panel schedule to identify the circuit
breaker.

2. Turn off the electrical load with the control system or on/off switch.

Action recommended: Check the equipment to ensure that it is not running.

3. Stand to the hinged side of the electrical equipment or to the left of the lighting panel.

Action recommended: Stand as close as possible to the equipment or wall in front of you.

4. Grab the handle of the circuit breaker or disconnect switch.

5. Look away from the electrical equipment.

6. Open or close the circuit breaker or disconnect switch by moving the handle up or down, left or
right in a continuous motion.

Action recommended: There is low probability of an arc flash. If anything is abnormal, stop and leave
the area. Contact an electrician.

7. Apply lock and tag.

This completes the work task.

Enform Electrical Safety 44

Sample of Electrical Safety Principles

Electrical safety program principles include, but are limited to, the following:

Inspect and evaluate the electrical equipment

Maintain the electrical equipments insulation and enclosure integrity

Plan every job and document first-time procedures

De-energize, if possible

Anticipate unexpected events

Identify and minimize the hazard

Protect the worker from shock, burn, blast, and other hazards due to the working
environment

Use the right tool for the job

Assess peoples abilities

Audit the principles specified

Enform Electrical Safety 45

Appendix 8: Energized Electrical Work Permit

This is a sample of an energized electrical work permit.

1. Work Location:
2. Work Order Number
3. Reason equipment could not be de-energized:
Introduces increased hazard Introduces additional hazards
Infeasible due to equipment design Infeasible due to operational limitations
4. Description of the work to be done:

5. Check the following considerations when they apply:

Work is within the restricted approach boundary and there is a work plan
Work is within the prohibited approach boundary, it is very hazardous and there is a work
plan
Request to shut down equipment was made

Conducted a shock hazard analysis

Shock approach boundaries have been determined

Engineering incident energy analysis has been completed and the results are known

Arc flash boundary has been determined

Personal protective equipment including tools needed for the job have been determined
and are available
Unqualified persons are restricted from the work area

Safe work practices that need to be employed have been considered

Job can be done safely

(Signature, Qualified Electrical Worker) (Date)

(Signature, Immediate Supervisor) (Date)

Enform Electrical Safety 46

Glossary
For additional term definitions please consult CSA Z462, Workplace Electrical Safety and the
Canadian Electrical Code, Part 1.

Abnormal With respect to energized electrical equipment, abnormal condition

condition means that the equipment is not acceptable, is not installed and
maintained to the minimum requirements of electrical installation
codes in-force in the applicable jurisdiction, not installed to
manufacturers recommendations (e.g., doors are open and/or
covers are removed and there are exposed, energized electrical
conductors or circuit parts), has not been properly maintained
following manufacturers instructions and applicable industry codes
and standards, and has visible evidence of impending failure (e.g.,
evidence of arcing, overheating, loose parts or connections, visible
damage, contamination or deterioration.

Arc flash A projection of energy when a phase-to-ground, or phase-to-phase,

fault occurs. The jump of energy creates a super pressure wave
similar to a strike of lightning.

Arc Rating The maximum incident energy resistance demonstrated by a

material (or a layered system of materials) prior to break-open or at
the onset of a second-degree skin burn. Arc rating is normally
2
expressed in cal/cm .

De-energized Free from an electrical connection to a source of potential

difference and from electrical charge, i.e., not having a potential
different from that of earth.

Disconnecting A device, or group of devices, or other means by that the

means conductors of a circuit can be disconnected from their source of
supply.

Exposed When referring to electrically energized circuit parts, exposed

means that the circuit part or conductor could be touched or
approached to a distance that is unsafe. Parts that are not suitably
or appropriately guarded, insulated or isolated are considered
exposed.

Ground A conducting connection, whether intentional or accidental,

between an electrical circuit or equipment and the earth, or to some
conducting body that serves in place of the earth.

Grounded Connected to earth or to some conducting body that serves in place

of the earth.

Ground Fault A device whose function is to interrupt the electric circuit to the load
Circuit when a fault current to ground exceeds some predetermined value
Enform Electrical Safety 47

Interrupter that is less than that required to operate the over-current protective
device of the supply circuit.

Guarded CSA defines this as: Covered, shielded, fenced, enclosed, or

otherwise protected by means of suitable covers, casings, barriers,
rails, screens, mats, or platforms, to remove the likelihood of
approach to a point of danger or contact by persons or objects.

Hazardous Process or plant areas and related buildings, enclosures, or parts

Location thereof in which:

(a) an explosive gas atmosphere is present, or may be present, in

the air in quantities that require special precautions for the
construction, installation and use of electrical equipment

(b) combustible dusts are present, or may be present, in the form of

clouds or layers in quantities to require special precautions for the
construction, installation and operation of electrical equipment.

(c) combustible fibres or flyings are manufactured, handled, or

stored in a manner that will require special precautions for the
construction, installation and operation of electrical equipment.

Incident Energy The amount of thermal energy, impressed on a surface a certain

distance from the source, generated during an electrical arc flash
event. Note: Incident energy is typically expressed in calories per
2
square centimeter (cal/cm ).

Isolated (from Securely and physically separated or blocked with non-conductive

power source) material sufficient to ensure that equipment cannot be energized by
identified power sources.

Lock-Out Placement of a lockout device on an energyisolating device in

accordance with an established procedure.

Non-Electrical One who may operate energized electrical equipment, portable plug
Worker and cord connected equipment or work within proximity to overhead
power lines, but may lack knowledge to identify and avoid electrical
hazards. May have received electrical safety awareness training.

Qualified One who has demonstrated skills and knowledge related to the
Electrical construction, operation and maintenance of electrical equipment
Worker and installations and has received safety training to identify and
avoid the hazards involved.

Shock A dangerous condition associated with the possible release of

energy by contact with or approach to energized electrical
conductors or circuit parts. Electrical current flows through the
human body.

Single Line An engineered drawing depicting the schematic representation of

the main electrical energy sources and loads, voltage
Enform Electrical Safety 48

Diagram transformations, switching and disconnecting devices, and

protection devices associated with electrical power distribution at
the facility.

Voltage, CSA defines this as: A nominal value assigned to a circuit or

nominal system for the purpose of conveniently designating its voltage class
(as 120/240, 480Y/277, 600, etc.). The actual voltage that a circuit
operates can vary from the nominal within a range that permits
satisfactory operation of equipment.