Users Manual

HEIDENHAIN
Conversational

TNC 320

NC Software
340 551-04
340 554-04

English (en)
9/2009
Controls of the TNC Program/file management, TNC functions
Keys on visual display unit Key Function
Key Function Select or delete programs and files,
external data transfer
Split screen layout
Define program call, select datum and
point tables
Toggle display between machining and
programming modes
Select MOD functions
Soft keys for selecting functions on
screen
Display help text for NC error messages,
call TNCguide
Shift between soft-key rows
Display all current error messages

Machine operating modes

Show pocket calculator
Key Function
Manual Operation
Navigation keys
Electronic Handwheel Key Function
Move highlight
Positioning with Manual Data Input
Go directly to blocks, cycles and
parameter functions
Program Run, Single Block

Potentiometer for feed rate and spindle speed

Program Run, Full Sequence
Feed rate Spindle speed

100 100
Programming modes
Key Function
50 150 50 150
Programming and Editing
F % S %
0 0
Test Run
Cycles, subprograms and program section repeats
Key Function
Define touch probe cycles

Define and call cycles

Enter and call labels for subprogramming

and program section repeats

Program stop in a program

Tool functions Coordinate axes and numbers: Entering and editing
Key Function Key Function
Define tool data in the program Select coordinate axes or
... enter them into the program

Call tool data Numbers

...

Programming path movements Decimal point / Reverse algebraic sign

Key Function
Polar coordinate input / Incremental
Approach/depart contour values

Q parameter programming/Q parameter

FK free contour programming status

Save actual position or values from

Straight line calculator

Skip dialog questions, delete words

Circle center/pole for polar coordinates

Confirm entry and resume dialog

Circle with center

Conclude block and exit entry

Circle with radius

Clear numerical entry or TNC error

Circular arc with tangential connection message

Abort dialog, delete program section

Chamfering/Corner rounding

Special functions / smarT.NC

Key Function
Show special functions

Select the next tab in forms

Up/down one dialog box or button

 About this Manual
About this Manual
The symbols used in this manual are described below.

This symbol indicates that important notes about the

function described must be adhered to.

This symbol indicates that there is one or more of the

following risks when using the described function:
Danger to workpiece
Danger to fixtures
Danger to tool
Danger to machine
Danger to operator

This symbol indicates that the described function must be

adapted by the machine tool builder. The function
described may therefore vary depending on the machine.

This symbol indicates that you can find detailed

information about a function in another manual.

Do you desire any changes, or have you found

any errors?
We are continuously striving to improve documentation for you.
Please help us by sending your requests to the following e-mail
address: [email protected].

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 5

TNC Model, Software and Features
TNC Model, Software and Features
This manual describes functions and features provided by TNCs as of
the following NC software numbers.

TNC model NC software number

TNC 320 340 551-04

TNC 320 Programming Station 340 554-04

The machine tool builder adapts the usable features of the TNC to his
machine by setting machine parameters. Some of the functions
described in this manual may therefore not be among the features
provided by the TNC on your machine tool.
TNC functions that may not be available on your machine include:
Tool measurement with the TT
Please contact your machine tool builder to become familiar with the
features of your machine.
Many machine manufacturers, as well as HEIDENHAIN, offer
programming courses for the TNCs. We recommend these courses as
an effective way of improving your programming skill and sharing
information and ideas with other TNC users.

Users Manual for Cycle Programming:

All of the cycle functions (touch probe cycles and fixed
cycles) are described in a separate manual. Please contact
HEIDENHAIN if you require a copy of this Users Manual.
ID: 679 220-xx

6
 TNC Model, Software and Features
Software options
The TNC 320 features various software options that can be enabled by
your machine tool builder. Each option is to be enabled separately and
contains the following respective functions:

Hardware options
Additional axis for 4 axes and open-loop spindle

Additional axis for 5 axes and open-loop spindle

Software option 1 (option number #08)

Cylinder surface interpolation (Cycles 27, 28 and 29)

Feed rate in mm/min for rotary axes: M116

Tilting the machining plane (plane functions, Cycle 19 and 3-D ROT
soft key in the Manual Operation mode)

Circle in 3 axes with tilted working plane

Feature content level (upgrade functions)

Along with software options, significant further improvements of the
TNC software are managed via the Feature Content Level (FCL)
upgrade functions. Functions subject to the FCL are not available
simply by updating the software on your TNC.

All upgrade functions are available to you without

surcharge when you receive a new machine.

Upgrade functions are identified in the manual with FCL n, where n

indicates the sequential number of the feature content level.
You can purchase a code number in order to permanently enable the
FCL functions. For more information, contact your machine tool
builder or HEIDENHAIN.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 7

TNC Model, Software and Features
Intended place of operation
The TNC complies with the limits for a Class A device in accordance
with the specifications in EN 55022, and is intended for use primarily
in industrially-zoned areas.

Legal information
This product uses open source software. Further information is
available on the control under
U Programming and Editing operating mode
U MOD function
U LICENSE INFO soft key

8
 New Functions of Software 340 55x-04
New Functions of Software
340 55x-04
The PLANE function for flexible definition of a tilted working plane
was introduced (see The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working
Plane (Software Option 1) on page 325)
The context-sensitive help system TNCguide was introduced (see
Calling the TNCguide on page 126)
The FUNCTION PARAX function for defining the behavior of the parallel
axes U, V and W was introduced (see Working with the Parallel
Axes U, V and W on page 317)
The conversational languages Estonian, Korean, Latvian,
Norwegian, Romanian, Slovak and Turkish were introduced (see
Parameter list on page 440)
Individual characters can now be deleted by using the backspace
key (see Coordinate axes and numbers: Entering and editing on
page 3)
The PATTERN DEF function for defining point patterns was introduced
(see User's Manual for Cycles)
The SEL PATTERN function makes it possible to select point tables
(see User's Manual for Cycles)
With the CYCL CALL PAT function, cycles can now be run in
connection with point tables (see User's Manual for Cycles)
The DECLARE CONTOUR function can now also define the depth of the
contour (see User's Manual for Cycles)
New Cycle 241 for Single-Fluted Deep-Hole Drilling was introduced
(see Users Manual for Cycles)
The new fixed cycles 251 to 257 were introduced for milling
pockets, studs and slots (see User's Manual for Cycles)
Touch probe cycle 416 (Datum on Circle Center) was expanded by
parameter Q320 (safety clearance) (see User's Manual for Cycles)
Touch probe cycles 412, 413, 421 and 422: Additional parameter
Q365 (type of traverse) (see User's Manual for Cycles)
Touch probe cycle 425 (Measure Slot) was expanded by parameters
Q301 (Move to clearance height) and Q320 (setup clearance) (see
User's Manual for Cycles)
Touch probe cycles 408 to 419: The TNC now also writes to line 0
of the preset table when the display value is set (see User's Manual
for Cycles)
In the machine operating modes Program Run, Full Sequence and
Program Run, Single Block, datum tables can now also be selected
(STATUS M)
The definition of feed rates in fixed cycles can now also include FU
and FZ values (see User's Manual for Cycles)

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 9

Changed Functions of Software 340 55x-04
Changed Functions of Software
340 55x-04
In Cycle 22 you can now define a tool name also for the coarse
roughing tool (see User's Manual Cycles)
The additional status display has been revised. The following
improvements have been introduced (see Additional status
displays on page 65):
A new overview page with the most important status displays
were introduced
The tolerance values set in Cycle 32 are displayed
The pocket-, stud- and slot-milling cycles 210 to 214 were removed
from the standard soft-key row (CYCL DEF >
POCKETS/STUDS/SLOTS). For reasons of compatibility, the cycles
will still be available, and can be selected via the GOTO key
With Cycle 25 Contour Train, closed contours can now also be
programmed
Tool changes are now also possible during mid-program startup
Language-dependent tables can now be output with FN16 F-Print
The soft-key structure of the SPEC FCT function was changed and
adapted to the iTNC 530

10
Table of Contents First Steps with the TNC 320
1
Introduction
2
Programming: Fundamentals, File
Management 3
Programming: Programming Aids
4
Programming: Tools
5
Programming: Programming Contours
6
Programming: Subprograms and
Program Section Repeats 7
Programming: Q Parameters
8
Programming: Miscellaneous Functions
9
Programming: Special Functions
10
Programming: Multiple Axis Machining
11
Manual Operation and Setup
12
Positioning with Manual Data Input
13
Test Run and Program Run
14
MOD Functions
15
Tables and Overviews
16

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 11

1 First Steps with the TNC 320 ..... 33
1.1 Overview ..... 34
1.2 Machine Switch-On ..... 35
Acknowledge the power interruption and move to the reference points ..... 35
1.3 Programming the First Part ..... 36
Select the correct operating mode ..... 36
The most important TNC keys ..... 36
Create a new program/file management ..... 37
Define a workpiece blank ..... 38
Program layout ..... 39
Program a simple contour ..... 40
Create a cycle program ..... 43
1.4 Graphically Testing the First Part (Advanced Graphic Features Software Option) ..... 46
Select the correct operating mode ..... 46
Select the tool table for the test run ..... 46
Choose the program you want to test ..... 47
Select the screen layout and the view ..... 47
Start the program test ..... 48
1.5 Tool Setup ..... 49
Select the correct operating mode ..... 49
Prepare and measure tools ..... 49
The tool table TOOL.T ..... 49
The pocket table TOOL_P.TCH ..... 50
1.6 Workpiece Setup ..... 51
Select the correct operating mode ..... 51
Clamp the workpiece ..... 51
Workpiece alignment with 3-D touch probe (software option: Touch probe function) ..... 52
Datum setting with 3-D touch probe (software option: Touch probe function) ..... 53
1.7 Running the First Program ..... 54
Select the correct operating mode ..... 54
Choose the program you want to run ..... 54
Start the program ..... 54

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 13

2 Introduction ..... 55
2.1 The TNC 320 ..... 56
Programming: HEIDENHAIN conversational and ISO formats ..... 56
Compatibility ..... 56
2.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard ..... 57
Visual display unit ..... 57
Sets the screen layout ..... 58
Operating panel ..... 59
2.3 Operating Modes ..... 60
Manual Operation and Electronic Handwheel ..... 60
Positioning with Manual Data Input ..... 60
Programming and Editing ..... 61
Test Run ..... 61
Program Run, Full Sequence and Program Run, Single Block ..... 62
2.4 Status Displays ..... 63
General status display ..... 63
Additional status displays ..... 65
2.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels ..... 71
3-D touch probes (Touch Probe Function software option) ..... 71
HR electronic handwheels ..... 72

14
3 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management ..... 73
3.1 Fundamentals ..... 74
Position encoders and reference marks ..... 74
Reference system ..... 74
Reference system on milling machines ..... 75
Designation of the axes on milling machines ..... 75
Polar coordinates ..... 76
Absolute and incremental workpiece positions ..... 77
Setting the datum ..... 78
3.2 Creating and Writing Programs ..... 79
Organization of an NC program in HEIDENHAIN Conversational ..... 79
Define the blank: BLK FORM ..... 79
Creating a new part program ..... 80
Programming tool movements in conversational format ..... 82
Actual position capture ..... 84
Editing a program ..... 85
The TNC search function ..... 89
3.3 File Management: Fundamentals ..... 91
Files ..... 91
Data backup ..... 92
3.4 Working with the File Manager ..... 93
Directories ..... 93
Paths ..... 93
Overview: Functions of the file manager ..... 94
Calling the file manager ..... 95
Selecting drives, directories and files ..... 96
Creating a new directory ..... 98
Creating a new file ..... 98
Copying a single file ..... 99
Copying files into another directory ..... 100
Copying a directory ..... 100
Choosing one of the last files selected ..... 101
Deleting a file ..... 101
Deleting a directory ..... 102
Tagging files ..... 103
Renaming a file ..... 104
File sorting ..... 104
Additional functions ..... 105
Data transfer to or from an external data medium ..... 106
The TNC in a network ..... 108
USB devices on the TNC (FCL 2 function) ..... 109

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 15

4 Programming: Programming Aids ..... 111
4.1 Screen Keyboard ..... 112
Enter the text with the screen keyboard ..... 112
4.2 Adding Comments ..... 113
Function ..... 113
Entering a comment in a separate block ..... 113
Functions for editing of the comment ..... 114
4.3 Structuring Programs ..... 115
Definition and applications ..... 115
Displaying the program structure window / Changing the active window ..... 115
Inserting a structuring block in the (left) program window ..... 115
Selecting blocks in the program structure window ..... 115
4.4 Integrated Pocket Calculator ..... 116
Operation ..... 116
4.5 Programming Graphics ..... 118
Generating / Not generating graphics during programming: ..... 118
Generating a graphic for an existing program ..... 118
Block number display ON/OFF ..... 119
Erasing the graphic ..... 119
Magnifying or reducing a detail ..... 119
4.6 Error Messages ..... 120
Display of errors ..... 120
Open the error window. ..... 120
Close the error window ..... 120
Detailed error messages ..... 121
INTERNAL INFO soft key ..... 121
Clearing errors ..... 122
Error log ..... 122
Keystroke log ..... 123
Informational texts ..... 124
Saving service files ..... 124
Calling the TNCguide help system ..... 124
4.7 Context-Sensitive Help System ..... 125
Application ..... 125
Working with the TNCguide ..... 126
Downloading current help files ..... 130

16
5 Programming: Tools ..... 131
5.1 Entering Tool-Related Data ..... 132
Feed rate F ..... 132
Spindle speed S ..... 133
5.2 Tool Data ..... 134
Requirements for tool compensation ..... 134
Tool numbers and tool names ..... 134
Tool length L ..... 134
Tool radius R ..... 134
Delta values for lengths and radii ..... 135
Entering tool data into the program ..... 135
Entering tool data in the table ..... 136
Pocket table for tool changer ..... 142
Calling tool data ..... 145
5.3 Tool Compensation ..... 146
Introduction ..... 146
Tool length compensation ..... 146
Tool radius compensation ..... 147

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 17

6 Programming: Programming Contours ..... 151
6.1 Tool Movements ..... 152
Path functions ..... 152
FK free contour programming (Advanced programming features software option) ..... 152
Miscellaneous functions M ..... 152
Subprograms and program section repeats ..... 152
Programming with Q parameters ..... 153
6.2 Fundamentals of Path Functions ..... 154
Programming tool movements for workpiece machining ..... 154
6.3 Contour Approach and Departure ..... 158
Overview: Types of paths for contour approach and departure ..... 158
Important positions for approach and departure ..... 159
Approaching on a straight line with tangential connection: APPR LT ..... 161
Approaching on a straight line perpendicular to the first contour point: APPR LN ..... 161
Approaching on a circular path with tangential connection: APPR CT ..... 162
Approaching on a circular arc with tangential connection from a straight line to the contour: APPR LCT ..... 163
Departing on a straight line with tangential connection: DEP LT ..... 164
Departing on a straight line perpendicular to the last contour point: DEP LN ..... 164
Departure on a circular path with tangential connection: DEP CT ..... 165
Departing on a circular arc tangentially connecting the contour and a straight line: DEP LCT ..... 165
6.4 Path ContoursCartesian Coordinates ..... 166
Overview of path functions ..... 166
Straight line L ..... 167
Inserting a chamfer between two straight lines ..... 168
Corner rounding RND ..... 169
Circle center CCI ..... 170
Circular path C around circle center CC ..... 171
Circular path CR with defined radius ..... 172
Circular path CT with tangential connection ..... 174
6.5 Path ContoursPolar Coordinates ..... 179
Overview ..... 179
Zero point for polar coordinates: pole CC ..... 180
Straight line LP ..... 180
Circular path CP around pole CC ..... 181
Circular path CTP with tangential connection ..... 182
Helical interpolation ..... 183

18
 6.6 Path Contours FK Free Contour Programming (Advanced Programming Features Software Option) ..... 187
Fundamentals ..... 187
Graphics during FK programming ..... 189
Initiating the FK dialog ..... 190
Pole for FK programming ..... 191
Free programming of straight lines ..... 191
Free programming of circular arcs ..... 192
Input possibilities ..... 193
Auxiliary points ..... 197
Relative data ..... 198

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 19

7 Programming: Subprograms and Program Section Repeats ..... 205
7.1 Labeling Subprograms and Program Section Repeats ..... 206
Labels ..... 206
7.2 Subprograms ..... 207
Operating sequence ..... 207
Programming notes ..... 207
Programming a subprogram ..... 207
Calling a subprogram ..... 207
7.3 Program Section Repeats ..... 208
Label LBL ..... 208
Operating sequence ..... 208
Programming notes ..... 208
Programming a program section repeat ..... 208
Calling a program section repeat ..... 208
7.4 Separate Program as Subprogram ..... 209
Operating sequence ..... 209
Programming notes ..... 209
Calling any program as a subprogram ..... 210
7.5 Nesting ..... 211
Types of nesting ..... 211
Nesting depth ..... 211
Subprogram within a subprogram ..... 212
Repeating program section repeats ..... 213
Repeating a subprogram ..... 214
7.6 Programming Examples ..... 215

20
8 Programming: Q Parameters ..... 221
8.1 Principle and Overview ..... 222
Programming notes ..... 224
Calling Q-parameter functions ..... 225
8.2 Part FamiliesQ Parameters in Place of Numerical Values ..... 226
Function ..... 226
8.3 Describing Contours through Mathematical Operations ..... 227
Application ..... 227
Overview ..... 227
Programming fundamental operations ..... 228
8.4 Trigonometric Functions ..... 229
Definitions ..... 229
Programming trigonometric functions ..... 230
8.5 Circle Calculations ..... 231
Application ..... 231
8.6 If-Then Decisions with Q Parameters ..... 232
Application ..... 232
Unconditional jumps ..... 232
Programming If-Then decisions ..... 232
Abbreviations used: ..... 233
8.7 Checking and Changing Q Parameters ..... 234
Procedure ..... 234
8.8 Additional Functions ..... 235
Overview ..... 235
FN 14: ERROR: Displaying error messages ..... 236
FN 16: F-PRINT: Formatted output of text and Q parameter values ..... 241
FN 18: SYS-DATUM READ: Read system data ..... 245
FN 19: PLC: Transfer values to the PLC ..... 254
FN 20: WAIT FOR: NC and PLC synchronization ..... 255
FN29: PLC: Transferring values to the PLC ..... 256
FN37:EXPORT ..... 257
8.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands ..... 258
Introduction ..... 258
A Transaction ..... 259
Programming SQL commands ..... 261
Overview of the soft keys ..... 261
SQL BIND ..... 262
SQL SELECT ..... 263
SQL FETCH ..... 266
SQL UPDATE ..... 267
SQL INSERT ..... 267
SQL COMMIT ..... 268
SQL ROLLBACK ..... 268

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 21

 8.10 Entering Formulas Directly ..... 269
Entering formulas ..... 269
Rules for formulas ..... 271
Programming example ..... 272
8.11 String Parameters ..... 273
String processing functions ..... 273
Assigning string parameters ..... 274
Chain-linking string parameters ..... 275
Converting a numerical value to a string parameter ..... 276
Copying a substring from a string parameter ..... 277
Converting a string parameter to a numerical value ..... 278
Checking a string parameter ..... 279
Finding the length of a string parameter ..... 280
Comparing alphabetic priority ..... 281
8.12 Preassigned Q Parameters ..... 282
Values from the PLC: Q100 to Q107 ..... 282
Active tool radius: Q108 ..... 282
Tool axis: Q109 ..... 283
Spindle status: Q110 ..... 283
Coolant on/off: Q111 ..... 283
Overlap factor: Q112 ..... 283
Unit of measurement for dimensions in the program: Q113 ..... 284
Tool length: Q114 ..... 284
Coordinates after probing during program run ..... 284
Deviation between actual value and nominal value during automatic tool measurement with the TT 130 ..... 285
Tilting the working plane with mathematical angles: rotary axis coordinates calculated by the TNC ..... 285
Measurement results from touch probe cycles (see also Users Manual for Touch Probe Cycles) ..... 286
8.13 Programming Examples ..... 288

22
9 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions ..... 295
9.1 Entering Miscellaneous Functions M and STOP ..... 296
Fundamentals ..... 296
9.2 Miscellaneous Functions for Program Run Control, Spindle and Coolant ..... 297
Overview ..... 297
9.3 Miscellaneous Functions for Coordinate Data ..... 298
Programming machine-referenced coordinates: M91/M92 ..... 298
Moving to positions in a non-tilted coordinate system with a tilted working plane: M130 ..... 300
9.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior ..... 301
Machining small contour steps: M97 ..... 301
Machining open contours corners: M98 ..... 303
Feed rate factor for plunging movements: M103 ..... 304
Feed rate in millimeters per spindle revolution: M136 ..... 305
Feed rate for circular arcs: M109/M110/M111 ..... 305
Calculating the radius-compensated path in advance (LOOK AHEAD): M120 (Miscellaneous functions software
option) ..... 306
Superimposing handwheel positioning during program run: M118 (Miscellaneous functions software
option) ..... 308
Retraction from the contour in the tool-axis direction: M140 ..... 309
Suppressing touch probe monitoring: M141 ..... 310
Automatically retract tool from the contour at an NC stop: M148 ..... 311

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 23

10 Programming: Special Functions ..... 313
10.1 Overview of Special Functions ..... 314
Main menu for SPEC FCT special functions ..... 314
Program defaults menu ..... 315
Functions for contour and point machining menu ..... 315
Menu of various conversational functions ..... 316
10.2 Working with the Parallel Axes U, V and W ..... 317
Overview ..... 317
FUNCTION PARAXCOMP DISPLAY ..... 318
FUNCTION PARAXCOMP MOVE ..... 319
FUNCTION PARAXCOMP OFF ..... 320
FUNCTION PARAXMODE ..... 321
FUNCTION PARAXMODE OFF ..... 322

24
11 Programming: Multiple Axis Machining ..... 323
11.1 Functions for Multiple Axis Machining ..... 324
11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1) ..... 325
Introduction ..... 325
Define the PLANE function ..... 327
Position display ..... 327
Reset the PLANE function ..... 328
Defining the machining plane with space angles: PLANE SPATIAL ..... 329
Defining the machining plane with projection angles: PROJECTED PLANE ..... 331
Defining the machining plane with Euler angles: EULER PLANE ..... 333
Defining the machining plane with two vectors: VECTOR PLANE ..... 335
Defining the machining plane via three points: POINTS PLANE ..... 337
Defining the machining plane with a single, incremental space angle: PLANE RELATIVE ..... 339
Tilting the working plane through axis angle: PLANE AXIAL (FCL 3 function) ..... 340
Specifying the positioning behavior of the PLANE function ..... 342
11.3 Miscellaneous Functions for Rotary Axes ..... 346
Feed rate in mm/min on rotary axes A, B, C: M116 (software option 1) ..... 346
Shorter-path traverse of rotary axes: M126 ..... 347
Reducing display of a rotary axis to a value less than 360: M94 ..... 348

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 25

12 Manual Operation and Setup ..... 349
12.1 Switch-On, Switch-Off ..... 350
Switch-on ..... 350
Switch-off ..... 352
12.2 Moving the Machine Axes ..... 353
Note ..... 353
To traverse with the machine axis direction buttons: ..... 353
Incremental jog positioning ..... 354
Traversing with the HR 410 electronic handwheel ..... 355
12.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M ..... 356
Function ..... 356
Entering values ..... 356
Changing the spindle speed and feed rate ..... 357
12.4 Datum Setting without a 3-D Touch Probe ..... 358
Note ..... 358
Preparation ..... 358
Workpiece presetting with axis keys ..... 359
Datum management with the preset table ..... 360
12.5 Using 3-D Touch Probes (Touch Probe Function Software Option) ..... 366
Overview ..... 366
Selecting probe cycles ..... 367
Writing the measured values from touch probe cycles in datum tables ..... 368
Writing the measured values from touch probe cycles in the preset table ..... 369
12.6 Calibrating 3-D Touch Probes (Touch Probe Function Software Option) ..... 370
Introduction ..... 370
Calibrating the effective length ..... 370
Calibrating the effective radius and compensating center misalignment ..... 371
Displaying calibration values ..... 372
12.7 Compensating Workpiece Misalignment with 3-D Touch Probe (Touch Probe Function Software Option) ..... 373
Introduction ..... 373
Measuring the basic rotation ..... 373
Saving the basic rotation in the preset table ..... 374
Displaying a basic rotation ..... 374
Canceling a basic rotation ..... 374

26
 12.8 Datum Setting with 3-D Touch Probe (Touch Probe Function Software Option) ..... 375
Overview ..... 375
Datum setting in any axis ..... 375
Corner as datum ..... 376
Circle center as datum ..... 377
Measuring Workpieces with a 3-D Touch Probe ..... 378
Using the touch probe functions with mechanical probes or dial gauges ..... 381
12.9 Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1) ..... 382
Application, function ..... 382
Traversing the reference points in tilted axes ..... 384
Position display in a tilted system ..... 384
Limitations on working with the tilting function ..... 384
Activating manual tilting ..... 385

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 27

13 Positioning with Manual Data Input ..... 387
13.1 Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations ..... 388
Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI) ..... 388
Protecting and erasing programs in $MDI ..... 391

28
14 Test Run and Program Run ..... 393
14.1 Graphics (Advanced Graphic Features Software Option) ..... 394
Application ..... 394
Overview of display modes ..... 395
Plan view ..... 395
Projection in 3 planes ..... 396
3-D view ..... 397
Magnifying details ..... 398
Repeating graphic simulation ..... 399
Measuring the machining time ..... 400
14.2 Show the Workpiece in the Working Space (Advanced Graphic Features Software Option) ..... 401
Application ..... 401
14.3 Functions for Program Display ..... 402
Overview ..... 402
14.4 Test Run ..... 403
Application ..... 403
14.5 Program Run ..... 405
Application ..... 405
Running a part program ..... 406
Interrupting machining ..... 407
Moving the machine axes during an interruption ..... 408
Resuming program run after an interruption ..... 409
Mid-program startup (block scan) ..... 410
Returning to the contour ..... 412
14.6 Automatic Program Start ..... 413
Application ..... 413
14.7 Optional Block Skip ..... 414
Application ..... 414
Insert the "/" character ..... 414
Erase the / character ..... 414
14.8 Optional Program-Run Interruption ..... 415
Application ..... 415

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 29

15 MOD Functions ..... 417
15.1 Selecting MOD Functions ..... 418
Selecting the MOD functions ..... 418
Changing the settings ..... 418
Exiting the MOD functions ..... 418
Overview of MOD functions ..... 419
15.2 Software Numbers ..... 420
Function ..... 420
15.3 Entering Code Numbers ..... 421
Application ..... 421
15.4 Setting the Data Interfaces ..... 422
Serial interfaces on the TNC 320 ..... 422
Application ..... 422
Setting the RS-232 interface ..... 422
Setting the baud rate (baudRate) ..... 422
Set the protocol (protocol) ..... 422
Set the data bits (dataBits) ..... 423
Parity check (parity) ..... 423
Setting the stop bits (stopBits) ..... 423
Setting the handshake (flowControl) ..... 423
Settings for data transfer with the TNCserver PC software ..... 424
Setting the operating mode of the external device (fileSystem) ..... 424
Software for data transfer ..... 425
15.5 Ethernet Interface ..... 427
Introduction ..... 427
Connection possibilities ..... 427
Connecting the control to the network ..... 428
15.6 Position Display Types ..... 433
Application ..... 433
15.7 Unit of Measurement ..... 434
Application ..... 434
15.8 Displaying Operating Times ..... 435
Application ..... 435

30
16 Tables and Overviews ..... 437
16.1 Machine-Specific User Parameters ..... 438
Application ..... 438
16.2 Pin Layouts and Connecting Cables for the Data Interfaces ..... 446
RS-232-C/V.24 interface for HEIDENHAIN devices ..... 446
Non-HEIDENHAIN devices ..... 447
Ethernet interface RJ45 socket ..... 447
16.3 Technical Information ..... 448
16.4 Exchanging the Buffer Battery ..... 453

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 31

32
First Steps with
the TNC 320

-
1.1 Overview
1.1 Overview
This chapter is intended to help TNC beginners quickly learn to handle
the most important procedures. For more information on a respective
topic, see the section referred to in the text.
The following topics are included in this chapter
Machine Switch-On
Programming the First Part
Graphically Testing the Program
Setting Up Tools
Workpiece Setup
Running the First Program

34 First Steps with the TNC 320

 1.2 Machine Switch-On
1.2 Machine Switch-On
Acknowledge the power interruption and move
to the reference points

Switch-on and crossing the reference points can vary

depending on the machine tool. Your machine manual
provides more detailed information.

U Switch on the power supply for control and machine. The TNC starts
the operating system. This process may take several minutes. Then
the TNC will display the message Power interruption.
U Press the CE key: The TNC converts the PLC
program
U Switch on the control voltage: The TNC checks
operation of the emergency stop circuit and goes into
the reference run mode
U Cross the reference points manually in the displayed
sequence: For each axis press the machine START
button. If you have absolute linear and angle encoders
on your machine there is no need for a reference run.
The TNC is now ready for operation in the Manual Operation mode.

Further information on this topic

Traversing the reference marks: See Switch-on on page 350
Operating modes: See Programming and Editing on page 61

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 35

1.3 Programming the First Part
1.3 Programming the First Part
Select the correct operating mode
You can write programs only in the Programming and Editing mode:
U Press the operating modes key: The TNC goes into
the Programming and Editing mode

Further information on this topic

Operating modes: See Programming and Editing on page 61

The most important TNC keys

Functions for conversational guidance Key

Confirm entry and activate the next dialog
prompt

Ignore the dialog question

End the dialog immediately

Abort dialog, discard entries

Soft keys on the screen with which you select

functions appropriate to the active state

Further information on this topic

Writing and editing programs: See Editing a program on page 85
Overview of keys: See Controls of the TNC on page 2

36 First Steps with the TNC 320

 1.3 Programming the First Part
Create a new program/file management
U Press the PGM MGT key: the TNC displays the file
management. The file management of the TNC is
arranged much like the file management on a PC with
the Windows Explorer. The file management enables
you to manipulate data on the TNC hard disk
U Use the arrow keys to select the folder in which you
want to open the new file
U Enter a file name with the extension .H: The TNC then
automatically opens a program and asks for the unit
of measure for the new program
U To select the unit of measure, press the MM or INCH
soft key: The TNC automatically starts the workpiece
blank definition (see Define a workpiece blank on
page38)
The TNC automatically generates the first and last blocks of the
program. Afterwards you can no longer change these blocks.

Further information on this topic

File management: See Working with the File Manager on page 93
Creating a new program: See Creating and Writing Programs on
page 79

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 37

1.3 Programming the First Part
Define a workpiece blank
Immediately after you have created a new program, the TNC starts the
dialog for entering the workpiece blank definition. Always define the
workpiece blank as a cuboid by entering the MIN and MAX points,
each with reference to the selected reference point.
After you have created a new program, the TNC automatically initiates
the workpiece blank definition and asks for the required data:
U Working plane in graphic: XY?: Enter the active spindle axis. Z is
saved as default setting. Accept with the ENT key
U Workpiece blank def.: Minimum X: Smallest X coordinate of the
workpiece blank with respect to the reference point, e.g. 0. Confirm
with the ENT key.
U Workpiece blank def.: Minimum Y: Smallest Y coordinate of the
workpiece blank with respect to the reference point, e.g. 0. Confirm
with the ENT key.
U Workpiece blank def.: Minimum Z: Smallest Z coordinate of the
workpiece blank with respect to the reference point, e.g. -40.
Confirm with the ENT key.
U Workpiece blank def.: Maximum X: Largest X coordinate of the
workpiece blank with respect to the reference point, e.g. 100.
Confirm with the ENT key. Z
U Workpiece blank def.: Maximum Y: Largest Y coordinate of the MAX
workpiece blank with respect to the reference point, e.g. 100. Y
Confirm with the ENT key.
100
U Workpiece blank def.: Maximum Z: Largest Z coordinate of the
workpiece blank with respect to the reference point, e.g. 0. Confirm X
with the ENT key. The TNC concludes the dialog.
0
Example NC blocks 100
0 BEGIN PGM NEW MM MIN
-40 0
1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-40
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 END PGM NEW MM

Further information on this topic

Defining the workpiece blank: (see page 80)

38 First Steps with the TNC 320

 1.3 Programming the First Part
Program layout
NC programs should be arranged consistently in a similar manner. This
makes it easier to find your place and reduces errors.

Recommended program layout for simple, conventional contour

machining
1 Call tool, define tool axis Example: Layout of contour machining programs
2 Retract the tool
0 BEGIN PGM BSPCONT MM
3 Pre-position the tool in the working plane near the contour starting
point 1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X... Y... Z...
4 In the tool axis, position the tool above the workpiece, or 2 BLK FORM 0.2 X... Y... Z...
pre-position immediately to workpiece depth. If required, switch 3 TOOL CALL 5 Z S5000
on the spindle/coolant
5 Move to the contour 4 L Z+250 R0 FMAX
6 Machine the contour 5 L X... Y... R0 FMAX
7 Leave the contour 6 L Z+10 R0 F3000 M13
8 Retract the tool, end the program 7 APPR ... RL F500
Further information on this topic: ...
Contour programming: See Tool Movements on page 152 16 DEP ... X... Y... F3000 M9
17 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2
18 END PGM BSPCONT MM

Recommended program layout for simple cycle programs

1 Call tool, define tool axis Example: Program layout for cycle programming
2 Retract the tool
0 BEGIN PGM BSBCYC MM
3 Define the machining positions
1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X... Y... Z...
4 Define the fixed cycle
5 Call the cycle, switch on the spindle/coolant 2 BLK FORM 0.2 X... Y... Z...
6 Retract the tool, end the program 3 TOOL CALL 5 Z S5000

Further information on this topic: 4 L Z+250 R0 FMAX

Cycle programming: See Users Manual for Cycles 5 PATTERN DEF POS1( X... Y... Z... ) ...
6 CYCL DEF...
7 CYCL CALL PAT FMAX M13
8 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2
9 END PGM BSBCYC MM

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 39

1.3 Programming the First Part
Program a simple contour
The contour shown to the right is to be milled once to a depth of 5 mm.
You have already defined the workpiece blank. After you have initiated Y 10
a dialog through a function key, enter all the data requested by the
TNC in the screen header. 3
95
2

10
U Call the tool: Enter the tool data. Confirm each of your
entries with the ENT key. Do not forget the tool axis
U Retract the tool: Press the orange axis key Z in order
to get clear in the tool axis, and enter the value for the
position to be approached, e.g. 250. Confirm with the
ENT key

20
1 4
U Confirm Radius comp.: RL/RR/no comp? by pressing 5

the ENT key: Activate the radius compensation 20 X

U Confirm Feed rate F=? with the ENT key: Move at 5 9
rapid traverse (FMAX)
U Confirm the Miscellaneous function M? with the
END key: The TNC saves the entered positioning
block
U Preposition the tool in the working plane: Press the
orange X axis key and enter the value for the position
to be approached, e.g. -20
U Press the orange Y axis key and enter the value for the
position to be approached, e.g. -20. Confirm with the
ENT key
U Confirm Radius comp.: RL/RR/no comp? by pressing
the ENT key: Do not activate the radius compensation
U Confirm Feed rate F=? with the ENT key: Move at
rapid traverse (FMAX)
U Confirm the Miscellaneous function M? with the
END key: The TNC saves the entered positioning
block
U Move the tool to workpiece depth: Press the orange Y
axis key and enter the value for the position to be
approached, e.g. -5. Confirm with the ENT key
U Confirm Radius comp.: RL/RR/no comp? by pressing
the ENT key: Do not activate the radius compensation
U Feed rate F=? Enter the positioning feed rate, e.g.
3000 mm/min and confirm with the ENT key
U Miscellaneous function M? Switch on the spindle and
coolant, e.g. M13. Confirm with the END key: The TNC
saves the entered positioning block

40 First Steps with the TNC 320

 1.3 Programming the First Part
U Move to the contour: Press the APPR/DEP key: The
TNC shows a soft-key row with approach and
departure functions
U Select the approach function APPR CT: Enter the
coordinates of the contour starting point 1 in X and Y,
e.g. 5/5. Confirm with the ENT key
U Center angle? Enter the approach angle, e.g.90, and
confirm with the ENT key
U Circle radius? Enter the approach radius, e.g. 8 mm,
and confirm with the ENT key
U Confirm the Radius comp.: RL/RR/no comp? with the
RL soft key: Activate the radius compensation to the
left of the programmed contour
U Feed rate F=? Enter the machining feed rate, e.g. 700
mm/min, and confirm your entry with the END key
U Machine the contour and move to contour point 2: You
only need to enter the information that changes. In
other words, enter only the Y coordinate 95 and save
your entry with the END key
U Move to contour point 3: Enter the X coordinate 95
and save your entry with the END key
U Define the chamfer at contour point 3: Enter the
chamfer width 10 mm and save with the END key
U Move to contour point 4: Enter the Y coordinate 5 and
save your entry with the END key
U Define the chamfer at contour point 4: Enter the
chamfer width 20 mm and save with the END key
U Move to contour point 1: Enter the X coordinate 5 and
save your entry with the END key

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 41

1.3 Programming the First Part
U Depart the contour

U Select the departure function DEP CT

U Center angle? Enter the departure angle, e.g. 90, and
confirm with the ENT key
U Circle radius? Enter the departure radius, e.g. 8 mm,
and confirm with the ENT key
U Feed rate F=? Enter the positioning feed rate, e.g.
3000 mm/min and confirm with the ENT key
U Miscellaneous function M? Switch off the coolant,
e.g. M9, with the END key: The TNC saves the entered
positioning block
U Retract the tool: Press the orange axis key Z in order
to get clear in the tool axis, and enter the value for the
position to be approached, e.g. 250. Confirm with the
ENT key
U Confirm Radius comp.: RL/RR/no comp? by pressing
the ENT key: Do not activate the radius compensation
U Confirm Feed rate F=? with the ENT key: Move at
rapid traverse (FMAX)
U Miscellaneous function M? Enter M2 to end the
program and confirm with the END key: The TNC
saves the entered positioning block

Further information on this topic

Complete example with NC blocks: See Example: Linear
movements and chamfers with Cartesian coordinates on page 175
Creating a new program: See Creating and Writing Programs on
page 79
Approaching/departing contours: See Contour Approach and
Departure on page 158
Programming contours: See Overview of path functions on page
166
Programmable feed rates: See Possible feed rate input on page
83
Tool radius compensation: See Tool radius compensation on page
147
Miscellaneous functions (M): See Miscellaneous Functions for
Program Run Control, Spindle and Coolant on page 297

42 First Steps with the TNC 320

 1.3 Programming the First Part
Create a cycle program
The holes (depth of 20 mm) shown in the figure at right are to be drilled
with a standard drilling cycle. You have already defined the workpiece
blank. Y
100
U Call the tool: Enter the tool data. Confirm each of your
90
entries with the ENT key. Do not forget the tool axis
U Retract the tool: Press the orange axis key Z in order
to get clear in the tool axis, and enter the value for the
position to be approached, e.g. 250. Confirm with the
ENT key
U Confirm Radius comp.: RL/RR/no comp? by pressing
the ENT key: Activate the radius compensation 10

U Confirm Feed rate F=? with the ENT key: Move at X

10 20 80 90 100
rapid traverse (FMAX)
U Confirm the Miscellaneous function M? with the
END key: The TNC saves the entered positioning
block
U Call the cycle menu

U Display the drilling cycles

U Select the standard drilling cycle 200: The TNC starts

the dialog for cycle definition. Enter all parameters
requested by the TNC step by step and conclude each
entry with the ENT key. In the screen to the right, the
TNC also displays a graphic showing the respective
cycle parameter

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 43

1.3 Programming the First Part
U Call the menu for special functions

U Display the functions for point machining

U Select the pattern definition

U Select point entry: Enter the coordinates of the 4

points and confirm each with the ENT key. After
entering the fourth point, save the block with the END
key
U Display the menu for defining the cycle call

U Run the drilling cycle on the define pattern:

U Confirm Feed rate F=? with the ENT key: Move at
rapid traverse (FMAX)
U Miscellaneous function M? Switch on the spindle and
coolant, e.g. M13. Confirm with the END key: The TNC
saves the entered positioning block
U Retract the tool: Press the orange axis key Z in order
to get clear in the tool axis, and enter the value for the
position to be approached, e.g. 250. Confirm with the
ENT key
U Confirm Radius comp.: RL/RR/no comp? by pressing
the ENT key: Do not activate the radius compensation
U Confirm Feed rate F=? with the ENT key: Move at
rapid traverse (FMAX)
U Miscellaneous function M? Enter M2 to end the
program and confirm with the END key: The TNC
saves the entered positioning block

Example NC blocks
0 BEGIN PGM C200 MM
1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-40 Definition of workpiece blank
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL CALL 5 Z S4500 Tool call
4 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool
5 PATTERN DEF Define machining positions
POS1 (X+10 Y+10 Z+0)
POS2 (X+10 Y+90 Z+0)
POS3 (X+90 Y+90 Z+0)
POS4 (X+90 Y+10 Z+0)

44 First Steps with the TNC 320

 1.3 Programming the First Part
6 CYCL DEF 200 DRILLING Define the cycle
Q200=2 ;SETUP CLEARANCE
Q201=-20 ;DEPTH
Q206=250 ;FEED RATE FOR PLNGN
Q202=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
Q210=0 ;DWELL TIME AT TOP
Q203=-10 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=20 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q211=0.2 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH
7 CYCL CALL PAT FMAX M13 Spindle and coolant on, call cycle
8 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program
9 END PGM C200 MM

Further information on this topic

Creating a new program: See Creating and Writing Programs on
page 79
Cycle programming: See Users Manual for Cycles

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 45

1.4 Graphically Testing the First Part (Advanced Graphic Features Software
Option) 1.4 Graphically Testing the First
Part (Advanced Graphic
Features Software Option)
Select the correct operating mode
You can test programs only in the Test Run mode:
U Press the operating modes key: The TNC goes into
the Test Run mode

Further information on this topic

Operating modes of the TNC: See Operating Modes on page 60
Testing programs: See Test Run on page 403

Select the tool table for the test run

You only need to execute this step if you have not activated a tool
table in the Test Run mode.
U Press the PGM MGT key: the TNC displays the file
management
U Press the SELECT TYPE soft key: The TNC shows a
soft-key menu for selection of the file type to be
displayed
U Press the SHOW ALL soft key: The TNC shows all
saved files in the right window
U Move the highlight to the left onto the directories

U Move the highlight to the TNC:\ directory

U Move the highlight to the right onto the files

U Move the highlight to the file TOOL.T (active tool

table) and load with the ENT key: TOOL.T receives
that status S and is therefore active for the Test Run
U Press the END key: Leave the file manager

Further information on this topic

Tool management: See Entering tool data in the table on page 136
Testing programs: See Test Run on page 403

46 First Steps with the TNC 320

 1.4 Graphically Testing the First Part (Advanced Graphic Features Software
Option)
Choose the program you want to test
U Press the PGM MGT key: the TNC displays the file
management
U Press the LAST FILES soft key: The TNC opens a
pop-up window with the most recently selected files
U Use the arrow keys to select the program that you
want to test. Load with the ENT key

Further information on this topic

Selecting a program: See Working with the File Manager on page
93

Select the screen layout and the view

U Press the key for selecting the screen layout. The TNC
shows all available alternatives in the soft-key row
U Press the PROGRAM + GRAPHICS soft key: In the
left half of the screen the TNC shows the program; in
the right half it shows the workpiece blank
U Select the desired view via soft key
U Plan view

U Projection in three planes

U 3-D view

Further information on this topic

Graphic functions: See Graphics (Advanced Graphic Features
Software Option) on page 394
Running a test run: See Test Run on page 403

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 47

1.4 Graphically Testing the First Part (Advanced Graphic Features Software
Option) Start the program test
U Press the RESET + START soft key: The TNC
simulates the active program up to a programmed
break or to the program end
U While the simulation is running you can use the soft
keys to change views
U Press the STOP soft key: The TNC interrupts the test
run
U Press the START soft key: The TNC resumes the test
run after a break

Further information on this topic

Running a test run: See Test Run on page 403
Graphic functions: See Graphics (Advanced Graphic Features
Software Option) on page 394

48 First Steps with the TNC 320

 1.5 Tool Setup
1.5 Tool Setup
Select the correct operating mode
Tools are set up in the Manual Operation mode:
U Press the operating modes key: The TNC goes into
the Manual Operation mode

Further information on this topic

Operating modes of the TNC: See Operating Modes on page 60

Prepare and measure tools

U Clamp the required tools in their chucks
U When measuring with an external tool presetter: Measure the tools,
note down the length and radius, or transfer them directly to the
machine through a transfer program
U When measuring on the machine: Place the tools into the tool
changer (see page 50)

The tool table TOOL.T

In the tool table TOOL.T (permanently saved under TNC:\TABLE\), save
the tool data such as length and radius, but also further tool-specific
information that the TNC needs to conduct its functions.
To enter tool data in the tool table TOOL.T, proceed as follows:
U Display the tool table

U Edit the tool table: Set the EDITING soft key to ON

U With the upward or downward arrow keys you can
select the tool number that you want to edit
U With the rightward or leftward arrow keys you can
select the tool data that you want to edit
U To leave the tool table, press the END key

Further information on this topic

Operating modes of the TNC: See Operating Modes on page 60
Working with the tool table: See Entering tool data in the table on
page 136

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 49

1.5 Tool Setup
The pocket table TOOL_P.TCH

The function of the pocket table depends on the machine.

Your machine manual provides more detailed information.

In the pocket table TOOL_P.TCH (permanently saved under

TNC:\TABLE\) you specify which tools your tool magazine contains.
To enter data in the pocket table TOOL_P.TCH, proceed as follows:
U Display the tool table
U Display the pocket table
U Edit the pocket table: Set the EDITING soft key to ON
U With the upward or downward arrow keys you can
select the pocket number that you want to edit
U With the rightward or leftward arrow keys you can
select the data that you want to edit
U To leave the pocket table, press the END key

Further information on this topic

Operating modes of the TNC: See Operating Modes on page 60
Working with the pocket table: See Pocket table for tool changer
on page 142

50 First Steps with the TNC 320

 1.6 Workpiece Setup
1.6 Workpiece Setup
Select the correct operating mode
Workpieces are set up in the Manual Operation or Electronic
Handwheel mode
U Press the operating modes key: The TNC goes into
the Manual Operation mode

Further information on this topic

Manual mode: See Moving the Machine Axes on page 353

Clamp the workpiece

Mount the workpiece with a fixture on the machine table. If you have
a 3-D touch probe on your machine, then you do not need to clamp the
workpiece parallel to the axes.
If you do not have a 3-D touch probe available, you have to align the
workpiece so that it is fixed with its edges parallel to the machine
axes.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 51

1.6 Workpiece Setup
Workpiece alignment with 3-D touch probe
(software option: Touch probe function)
U Insert the 3-D touch probe: In the Manual Data Input (MDI) operating
mode, run a TOOL CALL block containing the tool axis, and then return
to the Manual Operation mode (in MDI mode you can run an
individual NC block independently of the others)
U Select the probing functions: The TNC displays the
available functions in the soft-key row
U Measure the basic rotation: The TNC displays the
basic rotation menu. To identify the basic rotation,
probe two points on a straight surface of the
workpiece
U Use the axis-direction keys to pre-position the touch
probe to a position near the first contact point
U Select the probing direction via soft key
U Press NC start: The touch probe moves in the defined
direction until it contacts the workpiece and then
automatically returns to its starting point
U Use the axis-direction keys to pre-position the touch
probe to a position near the second contact point
U Press NC start: The touch probe moves in the defined
direction until it contacts the workpiece and then
automatically returns to its starting point
U Then the TNC shows the measured basic rotation
U Press SET BASIC ROTATION soft key to select the
displayed value as the active rotation. Press the END
soft key to exit the menu

Further information on this topic

MDI operating mode:See Programming and Executing Simple
Machining Operations on page 388
Workpiece alignment: See Compensating Workpiece
Misalignment with 3-D Touch Probe (Touch Probe Function
Software Option) on page 373

52 First Steps with the TNC 320

 1.6 Workpiece Setup
Datum setting with 3-D touch probe (software
option: Touch probe function)
U Insert the 3-D touch probe: In the MDI mode, run a TOOL CALL block
containing the tool axis and then return to the Manual Operation
mode
U Select the probing functions: The TNC displays the
available functions in the soft-key row
U Set the datum at a workpiece corner, for example.
U Position the touch probe near the first touch point on
the first workpiece edge.
U Select the probing direction via soft key
U Press NC start: The touch probe moves in the defined
direction until it contacts the workpiece and then
automatically returns to its starting point
U Use the axis-direction keys to pre-position the touch
probe to a position near the second touch point on the
first workpiece edge.
U Press NC start: The touch probe moves in the defined
direction until it contacts the workpiece and then
automatically returns to its starting point
U Use the axis-direction keys to pre-position the touch
probe to a position near the first touch point on the
second workpiece edge.
U Select the probing direction via soft key
U Press NC start: The touch probe moves in the defined
direction until it contacts the workpiece and then
automatically returns to its starting point
U Use the axis-direction keys to pre-position the touch
probe to a position near the second touch point on the
second workpiece edge.
U Press NC start: The touch probe moves in the defined
direction until it contacts the workpiece and then
automatically returns to its starting point
U Then the TNC shows the coordinates of the measured
corner point
U Set to 0: Press the SET DATUM soft key
U Press the END soft key to close the menu.

Further information on this topic

Datum setting: See Datum Setting with 3-D Touch Probe
(Touch Probe Function Software Option) on page 375

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 53

1.7 Running the First Program
1.7 Running the First Program
Select the correct operating mode
You can run programs either in the Single Block or the Full Sequence
mode:
U Press the operating mode key: The TNC goes into the
Program Run, Single Block mode and the TNC
executes the program block by block. You have to
confirm each block with the NC key
U Press the operating mode key: The TNC goes into the
Program Run, Full Sequence mode and the TNC
executes the program after NC start up to a program
break or to the end of the program

Further information on this topic

Operating modes of the TNC: See Operating Modes on page 60
Running programs: See Program Run on page 405

Choose the program you want to run

U Press the PGM MGT key: the TNC displays the file
management
U Press the LAST FILES soft key: The TNC opens a pop-
up window with the most recently selected files
U If desired, use the arrow keys to select the program
that you want to run. Load with the ENT key

Further information on this topic

File management: See Working with the File Manager on page 93

Start the program

U Press the NC start button: The TNC executes the
active program

Further information on this topic

Running programs: See Program Run on page 405

54 First Steps with the TNC 320

Introduction
2.1 The TNC 320
2.1 The TNC 320
HEIDENHAIN TNC controls are workshop-oriented contouring
controls that enable you to program conventional machining
operations right at the machine in an easy-to-use conversational
programming language. They are designed for milling and drilling
machine tools, as well as machining centers, with up to five axes. You
can also change the angular position of the spindle under program
control.
Keyboard and screen layout are clearly arranged in such a way that the
functions are fast and easy to use.

Programming: HEIDENHAIN conversational and

ISO formats
The HEIDENHAIN conversational programming format is an especially
easy method of writing programs. Interactive graphics illustrate the
individual machining steps for programming the contour. If a
production drawing is not dimensioned for NC, the HEIDENHAIN
FK free contour programming performs the necessary calculations
automatically. Workpiece machining can be graphically simulated
either during or before actual machining.
It is also possible to program the TNCs in ISO format or DNC mode.
You can also enter and test one program while the control is running
another.

Compatibility
The scope of functions of the TNC 320 does not correspond to that of
the TNC 4xx and iTNC 530 series of controls. Therefore, machining
programs created on HEIDENHAIN contouring controls (starting from
the TNC 150 B) may not always run on the TNC 320. If NC blocks
contain invalid elements, the TNC will mark them as ERROR blocks
when the file is opened.

Please also note the detailed description of the differences

between the iTNC 530 and the TNC 320 (see
Comparison: Functions of the TNC 320 and the
iTNC 530 on page 463).

56 Introduction
 2.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard
2.2 Visual Display Unit and
Keyboard
Visual display unit
The TNC is delivered with a 15-inch TFT color flat-panel display (see
figure at top right). 8
1
1 Header
When the TNC is on, the selected operating modes are shown in
the screen header: the machining mode at the left and the
programming mode at right. The currently active mode is
displayed in the larger box, where the dialog prompts and TNC 91
7
messages also appear (unless the TNC is showing only graphics).
2 Soft keys
In the footer the TNC indicates additional functions in a soft-key
row. You can select these functions by pressing the keys
immediately below them. The lines immediately above the 5 2 6
1
soft-key row indicate the number of soft-key rows that can be
called with the black arrow keys to the right and left. The active 31
soft-key row is indicated by brightened bar. 4 4
3 Soft-key selection keys
4 Shift between soft-key rows
5 Sets the screen layout
6 Shift key for switchover between machining and programming
modes
7 Soft-key selection keys for machine tool builders
8 Switches soft-key rows for machine tool builders
9 USB connection

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 57

2.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard
Sets the screen layout
You select the screen layout yourself: In the PROGRAMMING AND
EDITING mode of operation, for example, you can have the TNC show
program blocks in the left window while the right window displays
programming graphics. You could also display the program structure
in the right window instead, or display only program blocks in one large
window. The available screen windows depend on the selected
operating mode.
To change the screen layout:

Press the SPLIT SCREEN key: The soft-key row

shows the available layout options (see "Operating
Modes", page 60).

Select the desired screen layout.

58 Introduction
 2.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard
Operating panel
The TNC 320 is delivered with an integrated keyboard. The figure at
right shows the controls and displays of the keyboard:

1 File management
Calculator
MOD function
HELP function
2 Programming modes
3 Machine operating modes
4 Initiation of programming dialog
5 Arrow keys and GOTO jump command
6 Numerical input and axis selection
7 Navigation keys
The functions of the individual keys are described on the inside front
cover.
1 4
1
Machine panel buttons, e.g. NC START or NC STOP, are
described in the manual for your machine tool. 6

3 2
1
7 5

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 59

2.3 Operating Modes
2.3 Operating Modes
Manual Operation and Electronic Handwheel
The Manual Operation mode is required for setting up the machine
tool. In this mode of operation, you can position the machine axes
manually or by increments, set the datums, and tilt the working plane.
The Electronic Handwheel mode of operation allows you to move the
machine axes manually with the HR electronic handwheel.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout (select as described
previously)

Window Soft key

Positions

Left: positions, right: status display

Positioning with Manual Data Input

This mode of operation is used for programming simple traversing
movements, such as for face milling or pre-positioning.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout

Window Soft key

Program

Left: program blocks, right: status display

60 Introduction
 2.3 Operating Modes
Programming and Editing
In this mode of operation you can write your part programs. The FK
free programming feature, the various cycles and the Q parameter
functions help you with programming and add necessary information.
If desired, you can have the programming graphics show the
programmed paths of traverse.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout

Window Soft key

Program

Left: program, right: program structure

Left: program blocks, right: graphics

Test Run
In the Test Run mode of operation, the TNC checks programs and
program sections for errors, such as geometrical incompatibilities,
missing or incorrect data within the program or violations of the work
space. This simulation is supported graphically in different display
modes (Advanced Graphic Features software option).
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout: see "Program Run, Full
Sequence and Program Run, Single Block", page 62.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 61

2.3 Operating Modes
Program Run, Full Sequence and Program Run,
Single Block
In the Program Run, Full Sequence mode of operation the TNC
executes a part program continuously to its end or to a manual or
programmed stop. You can resume program run after an interruption.
In the Program Run, Single Block mode of operation you execute each
block separately by pressing the machine START button.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout

Window Soft key

Program

Left: program, right: program structure

Left: program, right: status

Left: program, right: graphics (Advanced

Graphic Features software option)

Graphics (Advanced Graphic Features software

option)

Soft keys for selecting the screen layout for pallet tables (Pallet
Management software option)

Window Soft key

Pallet table

Left: program blocks, right: pallet table

Left: pallet table, right: status

62 Introduction
 2.4 Status Displays
2.4 Status Displays
General status display
The status display in the lower part of the screen informs you of the
current state of the machine tool. It is displayed automatically in the
following modes of operation:
Program Run, Single Block and Program Run, Full Sequence, except
if the screen layout is set to display graphics only, and
Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI).
In the Manual mode and Electronic Handwheel mode the status
display appears in the large window.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 63

2.4 Status Displays
Information in the status display

Symbol Meaning
ACTL. Actual or nominal coordinates of the current position

XYZ Machine axes; the TNC displays auxiliary axes in

lower-case letters. The sequence and quantity of
displayed axes is determined by the machine tool
builder. Refer to your machine manual for more
information.

FSM The displayed feed rate in inches corresponds to one

tenth of the effective value. Spindle speed S, feed
rate F and active M functions.

Program run started.

Axis is locked

Axis can be moved with the handwheel

Axes are moving under a basic rotation

Axes are moving in a tilted working plane

No active program.

Program run started.

Program run stopped.

Program run is being aborted.

64 Introduction
 2.4 Status Displays
Additional status displays
The additional status displays contain detailed information on the
program run. They can be called in all operating modes except for the
Programming and Editing mode of operation.

To switch on the additional status display:

Call the soft-key row for screen layout.

Screen layout with additional status display: In the

right half of the screen, the TNC shows the Overview
status form.

To select an additional status display:

Shift the soft-key rows until the STATUS soft keys

appear.

Either select the additional status display, e.g.

positions and coordinates, or

use the soft keys to select the desired view.

With the soft keys or switch-over soft keys, you can choose directly
between the available status displays.

Please note that some of the status information described

below is not available unless the associated software
option is enabled on your TNC.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 65

2.4 Status Displays Overview
After switch-on, the TNC displays the Overview status form, provided
that you have selected the PROGRAM+STATUS screen layout (or
POSITION + STATUS). The overview form contains a summary of the
most important status information, which you can also find on the
various detail forms.

Soft key Meaning

Position display

Tool information

Active M functions

Active coordinate transformations

Active subprogram

Active program section repeat

Program called with PGM CALL

Current machining time

Name of the active main program

General program information (PGM tab)

Soft key Meaning

No direct Name of the active main program
selection
possible

Circle center CC (pole)

Dwell time counter

Machining time when the program was

completely simulated in the Test Run operating
mode

Current machining time in percent

Current time

Active programs

66 Introduction
 2.4 Status Displays
Program section repeat/Subprograms (LBL tab)

Soft key Meaning

No direct Active program section repeats with block
selection number, label number, and number of
possible programmed repeats/repeats yet to be run

Active subprogram numbers with block number in

which the subprogram was called and the label
number that was called

Information on standard cycles (CYC tab)

Soft key Meaning

No direct Active machining cycle
selection
possible

Active values of Cycle 32 Tolerance

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 67

2.4 Status Displays
Active miscellaneous functions M (M tab)

Soft key Meaning

No direct List of the active M functions with fixed meaning
selection
possible

List of the active M functions that are adapted by

your machine manufacturer

68 Introduction
 2.4 Status Displays
Positions and coordinates (POS tab)

Soft key Meaning

Type of position display, e.g. actual position

Tilt angle of the working plane

Angle of a basic rotation

Information on tools (TOOL tab)

Soft key Meaning

T: Tool number and name
RT: Number and name of a replacement tool

Tool axis

Tool lengths and radii

Oversizes (delta values) from the tool table (TAB) and

the TOOL CALL (PGM)

Tool life, maximum tool life (TIME 1) and maximum

tool life for TOOL CALL (TIME 2)

Display of the active tool and the (next) replacement

tool

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 69

2.4 Status Displays
Tool measurement (TT tab)

The TNC only displays the TT tab if the function is active

on your machine.

Soft key Meaning

No direct Number of the tool to be measured
selection
possible

Display whether the tool radius or the tool length

is being measured

MIN and MAX values of the individual cutting

edges and the result of measuring the rotating
tool (DYN = dynamic measurement)

Cutting edge number with the corresponding

measured value. If the measured value is
followed by an asterisk, the allowable tolerance in
the tool table was exceeded

Coordinate transformations (TRANS tab)

Soft key Meaning

Name of the active datum table

Active datum number (#), comment from the

active line of the active datum number (DOC) from
Cycle 7

Active datum shift (Cycle 7); The TNC displays an

active datum shift in up to 8 axes

Mirrored axes (Cycle 8)

Active basic rotation

Active rotation angle (Cycle 10)

Active scaling factor/factors (Cycles 11 / 26); The

TNC displays an active scaling factor in up to 6
axes

Scaling datum

For further information, refer to the User's Manual for Cycles,

"Coordinate Transformation Cycles."

70 Introduction
 2.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels
2.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D
Touch Probes and Electronic
Handwheels
3-D touch probes (Touch Probe Function
software option)
With the various HEIDENHAIN 3-D touch probe systems you can:
Automatically align workpieces
Quickly and precisely set datums
Measure the workpiece during program run
Measure and inspect tools

All of the touch probe functions are described in the

Users Manual for Cycle Programming. Please contact
HEIDENHAIN if you require a copy of this Users Manual.
ID: 679 220-xx.

TS 220, TS 640 and TS 440 touch trigger probes

These touch probes are particularly effective for automatic workpiece
alignment, datum setting and workpiece measurement. The TS 220
transmits the triggering signals to the TNC via cable and is a
cost-effective alternative for applications where digitizing is not
frequently required.
The TS 640 (see figure) and the smaller TS 440 feature infrared
transmission of the triggering signal to the TNC. This makes them
highly convenient for use on machines with automatic tool changers.
Principle of operation: HEIDENHAIN triggering touch probes feature a
wear resisting optical switch that generates an electrical signal as
soon as the stylus is deflected. This signal is transmitted to the
control, which stores the current position of the stylus as an actual
value.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 71

2.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels
TT 140 tool touch probe for tool measurement
The TT 140 is a triggering 3-D touch probe for tool measurement and
inspection. Your TNC provides three cycles for this touch probe with
which you can measure the tool length and radius automatically either
with the spindle rotating or stopped. The TT 140 features a particularly
rugged design and a high degree of protection, which make it
insensitive to coolants and swarf. The triggering signal is generated by
a wear-resistant and highly reliable optical switch.

HR electronic handwheels
Electronic handwheels facilitate moving the axis slides precisely by
hand. A wide range of traverses per handwheel revolution is available.
Apart from the HR 130 and HR 150 integral handwheels,
HEIDENHAIN also offers the HR 410 portable handwheel.

72 Introduction
Programming:
Fundamentals, File
Management
3.1 Fundamentals
3.1 Fundamentals
Position encoders and reference marks
Z
The machine axes are equipped with position encoders that register
the positions of the machine table or tool. Linear axes are usually Y
equipped with linear encoders, rotary tables and tilting axes with angle
encoders. X
When a machine axis moves, the corresponding position encoder
generates an electrical signal. The TNC evaluates this signal and
calculates the precise actual position of the machine axis.
If there is a power interruption, the calculated position will no longer
correspond to the actual position of the machine slide. To recover this
association, incremental position encoders are provided with
reference marks. The scales of the position encoders contain one or
more reference marks that transmit a signal to the TNC when they are
crossed over. From that signal the TNC can re-establish the
assignment of displayed positions to machine positions. For linear
encoders with distance-coded reference marks the machine axes
need to move by no more than 20 mm, for angle encoders by no more
than 20.
With absolute encoders, an absolute position value is transmitted to
the control immediately upon switch-on. In this way the assignment XMP
of the actual position to the machine slide position is re-established
directly after switch-on.
X (Z,Y)
Reference system
A reference system is required to define positions in a plane or in
space. The position data are always referenced to a predetermined
point and are described through coordinates.
The Cartesian coordinate system (a rectangular coordinate system) is
based on the three coordinate axes X, Y and Z. The axes are mutually
perpendicular and intersect at one point called the datum. A
coordinate identifies the distance from the datum in one of these
directions. A position in a plane is thus described through two
coordinates, and a position in space through three coordinates.
Coordinates that are referenced to the datum are referred to as Z
absolute coordinates. Relative coordinates are referenced to any other
known position (reference point) you define within the coordinate
system. Relative coordinate values are also referred to as incremental
coordinate values. Y

74 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management

 3.1 Fundamentals
Reference system on milling machines
When using a milling machine, you orient tool movements to the
Cartesian coordinate system. The illustration at right shows how the
Cartesian coordinate system describes the machine axes. The figure
illustrates the right-hand rule for remembering the three axis +Y +Z
directions: the middle finger points in the positive direction of the tool +X
axis from the workpiece toward the tool (the Z axis), the thumb points
in the positive X direction, and the index finger in the positive Y
direction.
The TNC 320 can control up to 5 axes optionally. The axes U, V and W
are secondary linear axes parallel to the main axes X, Y and Z,
+Z
respectively. Rotary axes are designated as A, B and C. The illustration +X
at lower right shows the assignment of secondary axes and rotary +Y
axes to the main axes.

Designation of the axes on milling machines

The X, Y and Z axes on your milling machine are also referred to as tool
axis, principal axis (1st axis) and minor axis (2nd axis). The assignment
of the tool axis is decisive for the assignment of the principal and
minor axes.
Z
Tool axis Principal axis Minor axis
X Y Z
Y W+
Y Z X
C+
Z X Y
B+
V+ A+ X

U+

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 75

3.1 Fundamentals
Polar coordinates
If the production drawing is dimensioned in Cartesian coordinates, you
also write the part program using Cartesian coordinates. For parts
containing circular arcs or angles it is often simpler to give the Y
dimensions in polar coordinates.
While the Cartesian coordinates X, Y and Z are three-dimensional and PR
can describe points in space, polar coordinates are two-dimensional PA2
and describe points in a plane. Polar coordinates have their datum at a
circle center (CC), or pole. A position in a plane can be clearly defined PA3 PR
by the: PR
PA1
Polar Radius, the distance from the circle center CC to the position, 10 0
CC
and the
Polar Angle, the value of the angle between the reference axis and
the line that connects the circle center CC with the position. X
30
Setting the pole and the angle reference axis
The pole is set by entering two Cartesian coordinates in one of the
three planes. These coordinates also set the reference axis for the
polar angle PA.

Coordinates of the pole

Reference axis of the angle Z Y
(plane)
X/Y +X

Y/Z +Y
Z
Z/X +Z Y
X
Z Y

76 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management

 3.1 Fundamentals
Absolute and incremental workpiece positions
Absolute workpiece positions
Absolute coordinates are position coordinates that are referenced to
the datum of the coordinate system (origin). Each position on the Y
workpiece is uniquely defined by its absolute coordinates.
Example 1: Holes dimensioned in absolute coordinates 3
30
Hole 1 Hole 2 Hole 3 2
X = 10 mm X = 30 mm X = 50 mm 20
Y = 10 mm Y = 20 mm Y = 30 mm 1
10

Incremental workpiece positions

Incremental coordinates are referenced to the last programmed X
nominal position of the tool, which serves as the relative (imaginary)
10 30 50
datum. When you write a part program in incremental coordinates,
you thus program the tool to move by the distance between the
previous and the subsequent nominal positions. Incremental
coordinates are therefore also referred to as chain dimensions.
To program a position in incremental coordinates, enter the function Y
I before the axis.
Example 2: Holes dimensioned in incremental coordinates 6
Absolute coordinates of hole 4 5

10
X = 10 mm
Y = 10 mm 4

10
Hole 5, with respect to 4 Hole 6, with respect to 5
X = 20 mm X = 20 mm 10
Y = 10 mm Y = 10 mm
10 20 20 X
Absolute and incremental polar coordinates
Absolute polar coordinates always refer to the pole and the reference
axis.
Incremental coordinates always refer to the last programmed nominal
position of the tool.
Y

+IPR
PR

+IPA +IPA PR
PR PA
10 0
CC

X
30

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 77

3.1 Fundamentals
Setting the datum
A production drawing identifies a certain form element of the
workpiece, usually a corner, as the absolute datum. When setting the
datum, you first align the workpiece along the machine axes, and then
move the tool in each axis to a defined position relative to the
workpiece. Set the display of the TNC either to zero or to a known
Z
position value for each position. This establishes the reference system MAX
for the workpiece, which will be used for the TNC display and your part Y
program.
If the production drawing is dimensioned in relative coordinates,
simply use the coordinate transformation cycles (see Users Manual X
for Cycles, Cycles for Coordinate Transformation).
If the production drawing is not dimensioned for NC, set the datum at
a position or corner on the workpiece which is suitable for deducing
the dimensions of the remaining workpiece positions. MIN

The fastest, easiest and most accurate way of setting the datum is by
using a 3-D touch probe from HEIDENHAIN. See Setting the Datum
with a 3-D Touch Probe in the Touch Probe Cycles Users Manual.
Y
Example
The workpiece drawing shows holes (1 to 4) whose dimensions are 7 150
shown with respect to an absolute datum with the coordinates X=0 3 4
0
Y=0. Holes 5 to 7 are dimensioned with respect to a relative datum 750 6
with the absolute coordinates X=450, Y=750. With the DATUM SHIFT 5 -150

3000,1
cycle you can temporarily set the datum to the position X=450, Y=750,
to be able to program holes 5 to 7 without further calculations.

0
320
1 2

X
325 450 900
950

78 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management

 3.2 Creating and Writing Programs
3.2 Creating and Writing Programs
Organization of an NC program in HEIDENHAIN
Conversational
A part program consists of a series of program blocks. The figure at
right illustrates the elements of a block.
The TNC numbers the blocks in ascending sequence.
The first block of a program is identified by BEGIN PGM, the program
Block
name and the active unit of measure.
10 L X+10 Y+5 R0 F100 M3
The subsequent blocks contain information on:
The workpiece blank
Tool calls Path function Words
Approaching a safe position
Feed rates and spindle speeds, as well as Block number
Path contours, cycles and other functions
The last block of a program is identified by END PGM the program name
and the active unit of measure.

After each tool call, HEIDENHAIN recommends always

traversing to a safe position, from which the TNC can
position the tool for machining without causing a collision!

Define the blank: BLK FORM

Immediately after initiating a new program, you define a cuboid
workpiece blank. If you wish to define the blank at a later stage, press
the SPEC FCT key, the PROGRAM DEFAULTS soft key, and then the
BLK FORM soft key. This definition is needed for the TNCs graphic
simulation feature. The sides of the workpiece blank lie parallel to the
X, Y and Z axes and can be up to 100 000 mm long. The blank form is
defined by two of its corner points:
MIN point: the smallest X, Y and Z coordinates of the blank form,
entered as absolute values
MAX point: the largest X, Y and Z coordinates of the blank form,
entered as absolute or incremental values

You only need to define the blank form if you wish to run
a graphic test for the program!

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 79

3.2 Creating and Writing Programs
Creating a new part program
You always enter a part program in the Programming and Editing
mode of operation. An example of program initiation:

Select the Programming and Editing operating mode.

Press the PGM MGT key to call the file manager.

Select the directory in which you wish to store the new program:

FILE NAME = ALT.H

Enter the new program name and confirm your entry

with the ENT key.

To select the unit of measure, press the MM or INCH

soft key. The TNC switches the screen layout and
initiates the dialog for defining the BLK FORM
(workpiece blank).

WORKING PLANE IN GRAPHIC: XY

Enter spindle axis, e.g. Z

WORKPIECE BLANK DEF.: MINIMUM

Enter in sequence the X, Y and Z coordinates of the

MIN point and confirm each of your entries with the
ENT key.

WORKPIECE BLANK DEF.: MAXIMUM

Enter in sequence the X, Y and Z coordinates of the

MAX point and confirm each of your entries with the
ENT key.

80 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management

 3.2 Creating and Writing Programs
Example: Display the BLK form in the NC program
0 BEGIN PGM NEW MM Program begin, name, unit of measure
1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-40 Spindle axis, MIN point coordinates
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 MAX point coordinates
3 END PGM NEW MM Program end, name, unit of measure

The TNC generates the block numbers as well as the BEGIN and END
block automatically.

If you do not wish to define a blank form, cancel the dialog

at Working plane in graphic: XY by pressing the DEL
key.
The TNC can display the graphics only if the shortest side
is at least 50 m long and the longest side is no longer
than 99 999.999 mm.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 81

3.2 Creating and Writing Programs
Programming tool movements in conversational
format
To program a block, initiate the dialog by pressing a function key. In the
screen headline, the TNC then asks you for all the information
necessary to program the desired function.

Example of a positioning block

Start block.

COORDINATES?

Enter the target coordinate for the X axis.

10

Enter the target coordinate for the Y axis, and go to

20
the next question with ENT

RADIUS COMP.: RL/RR/NO COMP. ?

Enter No radius compensation and go to the next

question with ENT

FEED RATE F=? / F MAX = ENT

Enter a feed rate of 100 mm/min for this path contour;

100
go to the next question with ENT.

MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M?

Enter the miscellaneous function M3 spindle ON.

3
Pressing the ENT key terminates this dialog.

The program-block window displays the following line:

3 L X+10 Y+5 R0 F100 M3

82 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management

 3.2 Creating and Writing Programs
Possible feed rate input

Functions for setting the feed rate Soft key

Rapid traverse, non-modal Exception: If defined
before an APPR block, FMAX is also in effect for
moving to an auxiliary point (see Important
positions for approach and departure on page
159)

Traverse feed rate automatically calculated in

TOOL CALL

Move at the programmed feed rate (unit of

measure is mm/min or 1/10 inch/min). With
rotary axes, the TNC interprets the feed rate in
degrees/min, regardless of whether the program
is written in mm or inch

Define the feed per revolution (units in mm/rev or

inch/rev). Caution: In inch-programs, FU cannot
be combined with M136

Define the tooth feed (units in mm/tooth or

inch/tooth). The number of teeth must be defined
in the tool table in the CUT. column.

Functions for conversational guidance Key

Ignore the dialog question

End the dialog immediately

Abort the dialog and erase the block

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 83

3.2 Creating and Writing Programs
Actual position capture
The TNC enables you to transfer the current tool position into the
program, for example during
Positioning-block programming
Cycle programming
To transfer the correct position values, proceed as follows:
U Place the input box at the position in the block where you want to
insert a position value.
U Select the actual-position-capture function. In the
soft-key row the TNC displays the axes whose
positions can be transferred.
U Select the axis. The TNC writes the current position of
the selected axis into the active input box.

In the working plane the TNC always captures the

coordinates of the tool center, even though tool radius
compensation is active.
In the tool axis the TNC always captures the coordinates
of the tool tip and thus always takes the active tool length
compensation into account.
The TNC keeps the soft-key row for axis selection active
until you deactivate it by pressing the
actual-position-capture key again. This behavior remains in
effect even if you save the current block and open a new
one with a path function key. If you select a block element
in which you must choose an input alternative via soft key
(e.g. for radius compensation), then the TNC also closes
the soft-key row for axis selection.
The actual-position-capture function is not allowed if the
tilted working plane function is active.

84 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management

 3.2 Creating and Writing Programs
Editing a program

You cannot edit a program while it is being run by the TNC

in a machine operating mode.

While you are creating or editing a part program, you can select any
desired line in the program or individual words in a block with the
arrow keys or the soft keys:

Function Soft key/Keys

Go to previous page

Go to next page

Go to beginning of program

Go to end of program

Change the position of the current block on

the screen: Press this soft key to display
additional program blocks that are
programmed before the current block.

Change the position of the current block on

the screen: Press this soft key to display
additional program blocks that are
programmed after the current block.

Move from one block to the next

Select individual words in a block

To select a certain block, press the GOTO key,

enter the desired block number, and confirm
with the ENT key. Or: Enter any number and
press the N LINES soft key to jump up or
down the entered number of lines.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 85

3.2 Creating and Writing Programs
Function Soft key/Key
Set the selected word to zero

Erase an incorrect number

Clear a (non-blinking) error message

Delete the selected word

Delete the selected block

Erase cycles and program sections

Insert the block that you last edited or

deleted.

Inserting blocks at any desired location

U Select the block after which you want to insert a new block and
initiate the dialog.

Editing and inserting words

U Select a word in a block and overwrite it with the new one. The
plain-language dialog is available while the word is highlighted.
U To accept the change, press the END key.

If you want to insert a word, press the horizontal arrow key repeatedly
until the desired dialog appears. You can then enter the desired value.

86 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management

 3.2 Creating and Writing Programs
Looking for the same words in different blocks
To use this function, set the AUTO DRAW soft key to OFF.

To select a word in a block, press the arrow keys

repeatedly until the highlight is on the desired word.

Select a block with the arrow keys.

The word that is highlighted in the new block is the same as the one
you selected previously.

If you have started a search in a very long program, the

TNC shows a progress display window. You then have the
option of canceling the search via soft key.

Finding any text

U To select the search function, press the FIND soft key. The TNC
displays the Find text: dialog prompt.
U Enter the text that you wish to find.
U To find the text, press the EXECUTE soft key.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 87

3.2 Creating and Writing Programs
Marking, copying, deleting and inserting program sections
The TNC provides certain functions for copying program sections
within an NC program or into another NC programsee the table
below.
To copy a program section, proceed as follows:
U Select the soft-key row containing the marking functions.
U Select the first (last) block of the section you wish to copy.
U To mark the first (last) block, press the SELECT BLOCK soft key. The
TNC then highlights the first character of the block and the CANCEL
SELECTION soft key appears.
U Move the highlight to the last (first) block of the program section you
wish to copy or delete. The TNC shows the marked blocks in a
different color. You can end the marking function at any time by
pressing the CANCEL SELECTION soft key.
U To copy the selected program section, press the COPY BLOCK soft
key. To delete the selected section, press the DELETE BLOCK soft
key. The TNC stores the selected block.
U Using the arrow keys, select the block after which you wish to insert
the copied (deleted) program section.

To insert the section into another program, select the

corresponding program using the file manager and then
mark the block after which you wish to insert the copied
block.

U To insert the block, press the INSERT BLOCK soft key.

U To end the marking function, press the CANCEL SELECTION soft
key.

Function Soft key

Switch marking function on

Switch marking function off

Delete marked block

Insert block that is stored in the buffer memory

Copy marked block

88 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management

 3.2 Creating and Writing Programs
The TNC search function
With the search function of the TNC, you can search for any text within
a program and replace it by a new text, if required.

Searching for texts

U If required, select the block containing the word you wish to find.
U Select the search function. The TNC superimposes
the search window and displays the available search
functions in the soft-key row (see table of search
functions).
U Enter the text to be searched for. Please note that the
+40
search is case-sensitive.
U Start the search process: The TNC moves to the next
block containing the text you are searching for.
U Repeat the search process: The TNC moves to the
next block containing the text you are searching for.
U End the search function.

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3.2 Creating and Writing Programs
Find/Replace any text

The find/replace function is not possible if

a program is protected
the program is currently being run by the TNC.
When using the REPLACE ALL function, ensure that you
do not accidentally replace text that you do not want to
change. Once replaced, such text cannot be restored.

U If required, select the block containing the word you wish to find.
U Select the Search function: The TNC superimposes
the search window and displays the available search
functions in the soft-key row.
U Enter the text to be searched for. Please note that the
search is case-sensitive. Then confirm with the ENT
key.
U Enter the text to be inserted. Please note that the
entry is case-sensitive.
U Start the search process: The TNC moves to the next
occurrence of the text you are searching for.
U To replace the text and then move to the next
occurrence of the text, press the REPLACE soft key.
To replace all text occurrences, press the REPLACE
ALL soft key. To skip the text and move to its next
occurrence press the FIND soft key.
U End the search function.

90 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management

 3.3 File Management: Fundamentals
3.3 File Management:
Fundamentals
Files

Files in the TNC Type

Programs
In HEIDENHAIN format .H
In DIN/ISO format .I

Tables for
Tools .T
Tool changers .TCH
Pallets .P
Datums .D
Points .PNT
Presets .PR
Touch probes .TP
Backup files .BAK

Texts as
ASCII files .A
Log files .TXT
Help files .CHM

When you write a part program on the TNC, you must first enter a file
name. The TNC saves the program to the hard disk as a file with the
same name. The TNC can also save texts and tables as files.
The TNC provides a special file management window in which you can
easily find and manage your files. Here you can call, copy, rename and
erase files.
With the TNC you can manage and save files up to a total size of 300
MB.

Depending on the setting, the TNC generates a backup file

(*.bak) after editing and saving of NC programs. This can
reduce the memory space available to you.

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3.3 File Management: Fundamentals
File names
When you store programs, tables and texts as files, the TNC adds an
extension to the file name, separated by a point. This extension
indicates the file type.

PROG20 .H
File name File type

File names should not exceed 25 characters, otherwise the TNC

cannot display the entire file name. The following characters are not
permitted in file names:
! ( ) * + / ; < = > ? [ ] ^ ` { | } ~

Enter the file name using the screen keyboard (see

Screen Keyboard on page 112).
The space (HEX 20) and delete (HEX 7F) characters are not
permitted in file names, either.
The maximum limit for the path and file name together is
256 characters (see Paths on page 93).

Data backup
We recommend saving newly written programs and files on a PC at
regular intervals.
The TNCremoNT data transmission freeware from HEIDENHAIN is a
simple and convenient method for backing up data stored on the TNC.
You additionally need a data medium on which all machine-specific
data, such as the PLC program, machine parameters, etc., are stored.
Ask your machine manufacturer for assistance, if necessary.

Take the time occasionally to delete any unneeded files so

that the TNC always has enough memory space for
system files (such as the tool table).

92 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management

 3.4 Working with the File Manager
3.4 Working with the File Manager
Directories
To ensure that you can easily find your files, we recommend that you
organize your hard disk into directories. You can divide a directory into
further directories, which are called subdirectories. With the /+ key or
ENT you can show or hide the subdirectories.

Paths
A path indicates the drive and all directories and subdirectories under
which a file is saved. The individual names are separated by a
backslash \.

The path, including all drive characters, directories and the

file name, cannot exceed 256 characters!

Example
The directory AUFTR1 was created on the TNC:\ drive. Then, in the
AUFTR1 directory, the directory NCPROG was created and the part TNC:\
program PROG1.H was copied into it. The part program now has the
following path: AUFTR1
TNC:\AUFTR1\NCPROG\PROG1.H NCPROG
The chart at right illustrates an example of a directory display with WZTAB
different paths.
A35K941
ZYLM
TESTPROG
HUBER
KAR25T

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3.4 Working with the File Manager
Overview: Functions of the file manager

Function Soft key Page

Copy a file Page 99

Display a specific file type Page 96

Create new file Page 98

Display the last 10 files that were Page 101

selected

Delete a file or directory Page 101

Tag a file Page 103

Rename a file Page 104

Protect a file against editing and erasure Page 105

Cancel file protection Page 105

Manage network drives Page 108

Select the editor Page 105

Sort files by properties Page 104

Copy a directory Page 100

Delete directory with all its

subdirectories

Display all the directories of a particular

drive

Rename directory

Create a new directory

94 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management

 3.4 Working with the File Manager
Calling the file manager

Press the PGM MGT key: The TNC displays the file
management window (see figure for default setting.
If the TNC displays a different screen layout, press
the WINDOW soft key.)

The narrow window on the left shows the available drives and
directories. Drives designate devices with which data are stored or
transferred. One drive is the hard disk of the TNC. Other drives are the
interfaces (RS232, Ethernet), which can be used, for example, for
connecting a personal computer. A directory is always identified by a
folder symbol to the left and the directory name to the right.
Subdirectories are shown to the right of and below their parent
directories. A triangle in front of the folder symbol indicates that there
are further subdirectories, which can be shown with the /+ or ENT
keys.
The wide window on the right shows you all files that are stored in the
selected directory. Each file is shown with additional information,
illustrated in the table below.

Display Meaning
File name Name with max. 25 characters

Type File type

of Bytes File size in bytes

Status File properties:

E Program is selected in the Programming

mode of operation.

S Program is selected in the Test Run mode of

operation.

M Program is selected in a Program Run mode

of operation.

File is protected against erasing and editing

File is protected against erasing and edition,

because it is being run

Date Date that the file was last edited

Time Time that the file was last edited

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3.4 Working with the File Manager
Selecting drives, directories and files

Call the file manager

Use the arrow keys or the soft keys to move the highlight to the
desired position on the screen:

Moves the highlight from the left to the right window,

and vice versa.

Moves the highlight up and down within a window.

Moves the highlight one page up or down within a

window.

Step 1: Select drive

Move the highlight to the desired drive in the left window:

To select a drive, press the SELECT soft key, or

press the ENT key.

Step 2: Select a directory

Move the highlight to the desired directory in the left-hand window

the right-hand window automatically shows all files stored in the
highlighted directory.

96 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management

 3.4 Working with the File Manager
Step 3: Select a file

Press the SELECT TYPE soft key

Press the soft key for the desired file type, or

Press the SHOW ALL soft key to display all files, or

Move the highlight to the desired file in the right window

Press the SELECT soft key, or

Press the ENT key

The TNC opens the selected file in the operating mode from which you
called the file manager.

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3.4 Working with the File Manager
Creating a new directory

Move the highlight in the left window to the directory in which you
want to create a subdirectory.

NEW Enter the new file name, and confirm with ENT.

CREATE \NEW DIRECTORY?

Press the YES soft key to confirm, or

Abort with the NO soft key.

Creating a new file

Select the directory in which you wish to create the new file.

NEW Enter the new file name with the file extension, and
confirm with ENT.

Open the dialog box for creating a new file.

NEW Enter the new file name with the file extension, and
confirm with ENT.

98 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management

 3.4 Working with the File Manager
Copying a single file
U Move the highlight to the file you wish to copy.
U Press the COPY soft key to select the copy function.
The TNC opens a pop-up window
U Enter the name of the destination file and confirm your
entry with the ENT key or OK soft key: the TNC
copies the file to the active directory or to the
selected destination directory. The original file is
retained, or:

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3.4 Working with the File Manager
Copying files into another directory
U Select a screen layout with two equally sized windows.
U To display directories in both windows, press the PATH soft key.
In the right window
U Move the highlight to the directory into which you wish to copy the
files, and display the files in this directory with the ENT key.
In the left window
U Select the directory with the files that you wish to copy and press
ENT to display the files in this directory.
U Call the file tagging functions

U Move the highlight to the file you want to copy and tag
it. You can tag several files in this way, if desired
U Copy the tagged files into the target directory

Additional marking functions: see "Tagging files", page 103.

If you have tagged files in both the left and right windows, the TNC
copies from the directory in which the highlight is located.

Copying a directory
U Move the highlight in the right window onto the directory you want
to copy.
U Press the COPY soft key: the TNC opens the window for selecting
the target directory.
U Select the target directory and confirm with ENT or the OK soft key.
The TNC copies the selected directory and all its subdirectories to
the selected target directory.

100 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management

 3.4 Working with the File Manager
Choosing one of the last files selected

Call the file manager

Display the last 10 files selected: Press the LAST

FILES soft key.

Use the arrow keys to move the highlight to the file you wish to select:
Moves the highlight up and down within a window.

To select the file, press the OK soft key, or

Press the ENT key

Deleting a file

Once you delete files they cannot be undeleted!

U Move the highlight to the file you want to delete.

U To select the erasing function, press the DELETE soft
key. The TNC inquires whether you really intend to
delete the file.
U To confirm, press the OK soft key, or
U To cancel deletion, press the CANCEL soft key

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3.4 Working with the File Manager
Deleting a directory

Once you delete directories they cannot be undeleted!

U Move the highlight to the directory you want to delete.

U To select the erasing function, press the DELETE soft
key. The TNC inquires whether you really intend to
delete the directory and all its subdirectories and files
U To confirm, press the OK soft key, or
U To cancel deletion, press the CANCEL soft key

102 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management

 3.4 Working with the File Manager
Tagging files

Tagging functions Soft key

Tag a single file

Tag all files in the directory

Untag a single file

Untag all files

Copy all tagged files

Some functions, such as copying or erasing files, can not only be used
for individual files, but also for several files at once. To tag several files,
proceed as follows:

Move the highlight to the first file.

To display the tagging functions, press the TAG soft

key.

Tag a file by pressing the TAG FILE soft key.

Move the highlight to the next file you wish to tag:

Only works via soft keys. Do not use the arrow keys!

To tag further files, press the TAG FILES soft key, etc.

To copy the tagged files, press the COPY TAG soft

key, or

Delete the tagged files by pressing END to end the

tagging function, and then the DELETE soft key to
delete the tagged files.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 103

3.4 Working with the File Manager
Renaming a file
U Move the highlight to the file you wish to rename.
U Select the renaming function.

U Enter the new file name; the file type cannot be

changed.
U To rename: Press the OK soft key or the ENT key

File sorting
U Select the folder in which you wish to sort the files
U Select the SORT soft key

U Select the soft key with the corresponding display

criterion

104 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management

 3.4 Working with the File Manager
Additional functions
Protecting a file / Canceling file protection
U Move the highlight to the file you want to protect.
U To select the additional functions, press the MORE
FUNCTIONS soft key.
U To activate file protection, press the PROTECT soft
key. The file now has status P.
U To cancel file protection, press the UNPROTECT soft
key.

Select the editor

U Move the highlight in the right window onto the file you want to
open.
U To select the additional functions, press the MORE
FUNCTIONS soft key
U To select the editor with which to open the selected
file, press the SELECT EDITOR soft key.
U Mark the desired editor
U Press the OK soft key to open the file

Connecting/removing a USB device

U Move the highlight to the left window.
U To select the additional functions, press the MORE
FUNCTIONS soft key
U Shift the soft-key row.
U Search for a USB device
U In order to remove the USB device, move the cursor
to the USB device
U Remove the USB device.

For more information: See USB devices on the TNC (FCL 2 function)
on page 109.

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3.4 Working with the File Manager
Data transfer to or from an external data
medium

Before you can transfer data to an external data medium,

you must set up the data interface (see Setting the Data
Interfaces on page 422).
Depending on the data transfer software you use,
problems can occur occasionally when you transmit data
over a serial interface. They can be overcome by repeating
the transmission.

Call the file manager

Select the screen layout for data transfer: press the

WINDOW soft key. In the left half of the screen the
TNC shows all files in the current directory. In the
right half of the screen it shows all files saved in the
root directory (TNC:\ ).

Use the arrow keys to highlight the file(s) that you want to transfer:
Moves the highlight up and down within a window.

Moves the highlight from the left to the right window,

and vice versa.
If you wish to copy from the TNC to the external data medium, move
the highlight in the left window to the file to be transferred.

106 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management

 3.4 Working with the File Manager
If you wish to copy from the external data medium to the TNC, move
the highlight in the right window to the file to be transferred.

To select another drive or directory: press the soft key

for choosing the directory. The TNC opens a pop-up
window. Select the desired directory in the pop-up
window by using the arrow keys and the ENT key.

Transfer a single file: Press the COPY soft key, or

Transfer several files: Press the TAG soft key (in the
second soft-key row, see "Tagging files", page 103)

Confirm with the OK soft key or with the ENT key. A status window
appears on the TNC, informing about the copying progress, or

To end data transfer, move the highlight into the left

window and then press the WINDOW soft key. The
standard file manager window is displayed again.

To select another directory in the split-screen display,

press the SHOW TREE soft key. If you press the SHOW
FILES soft key, the TNC shows the content of the
selected directory!

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3.4 Working with the File Manager
The TNC in a network

To connect the Ethernet card to your network, see

"Ethernet Interface", page 427.
The TNC logs error messages during network operation
see "Ethernet Interface", page 427.

If the TNC is connected to a network, the directory window displays

additional drives (see figure). All the functions described above
(selecting a drive, copying files, etc.) also apply to network drives,
provided that you have been granted the corresponding rights.

Connecting and disconnecting a network drive

U To select the program management: Press the PGM
MGT key. If necessary, press the WINDOW soft key
to set up the screen as it is shown at the upper right.
U To manage the network drives: Press the NETWORK
soft key (second soft-key row). In the right-hand
window the TNC shows the network drives available
for access. With the soft keys described below you
can define the connection for each drive.

Function Soft key

Establish the network connection. If the
connection is active, the TNC marks the Mnt
column.

Delete network connection.

Automatically establish network connection

whenever the TNC is switched on. The TNC
marks the Auto column if the connection is
established automatically

Use the PING function to test your network

connection

If you press the NETWORK INFO soft key, the

TNC displays the current network settings

108 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management

 3.4 Working with the File Manager
USB devices on the TNC (FCL 2 function)
Backing up data from or loading onto the TNC is especially easy with
USB devices. The TNC supports the following USB block devices:
Floppy disk drives with FAT/VFAT file system
Memory sticks with the FAT/VFAT file system
Hard disks with the FAT/VFAT file system
CD-ROM drives with the Joliet (ISO 9660) file system
The TNC automatically detects these types of USB devices when
connected. The TNC does not support USB devices with other file
systems (such as NTFS). The TNC displays the USB: TNC does not
support device error message when such a device is connected.

The TNC also displays the USB: TNC does not support
device error message if you connect a USB hub. In this
case simply acknowledge the message with the CE key.
In theory, you should be able to connect all USB devices
with the file systems mentioned above to the TNC. It may
happen that a USB device is not identified correctly by the
control. In such cases, use another USB device.

The USB devices appear as separate drives in the directory tree, so

you can use the file-management functions described in the earlier
chapters correspondingly.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 109

3.4 Working with the File Manager
In order to remove a USB device, you must proceed as follows:
U Press the PGM MGT soft key to call the file manager.

U Select the left window with the arrow key.

U Use the arrow keys to select the USB device to be

removed.
U Scroll through the soft-key row.

U Select additional functions.

U Select the function for removing USB devices. The

TNC removes the USB device from the directory tree.
U Exit the file manager.

In order to re-establish a connection with a USB device that has been

removed, press the following soft key:
U Select the function for reconnection of USB devices.

110 Programming: Fundamentals, File Management

Programming:
Programming Aids
4.1 Screen Keyboard
4.1 Screen Keyboard
You can enter letters and special characters with the screen keyboard
or (if available) with a PC keyboard connected over the USB port.

Enter the text with the screen keyboard

U Press the GOTO key if you want to enter a text, for example a
program name or directory name, using the screen keyboard
U The TNC opens a window in which the numeric entry field of the
TNC is displayed with the corresponding letters assigned
U You can move the cursor to the desired character by repeatedly
pressing the respective key
U Wait until the selected character is transferred to the entry field
before you enter the next character
U Use the OK soft key to load the text into the open dialog field
Use the abc/ABC soft key to select upper or lower case. If your
machine tool builder has defined additional special characters, you can
call them with the SPECIAL CHARACTER soft key and insert them. To
delete individual characters, use the BACKSPACE soft key.

112 Programming: Programming Aids

 4.2 Adding Comments
4.2 Adding Comments
Function
You can add comments to a part program to explain program steps or
make general notes.

Enter the file name using the screen keyboard (see

Screen Keyboard on page 112).
If the TNC cannot show the entire comment on the
screen, the >> sign is displayed.
The last character in a comment block must not have any
tilde (~).

Entering a comment in a separate block

U Select the block after which the comment is to be inserted.
U Press the SPEC FCT key to select the special functions.
U To select the program functions, press the PROGRAM FUNCTIONS
soft key.
U Shift soft-key row to the left
U Press the INSERT COMMENT soft key.
U Enter your comment using the screen keyboard (see Screen
Keyboard on page 112) and conclude the block by pressing the
END key.

If you have connected a PC keyboard to the USB

interface, you can insert a comment block by simply
pressing the ; key on the PC keyboard.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 113

4.2 Adding Comments
Functions for editing of the comment

Function Soft key

Jump to beginning of comment.

Jump to end of comment.

Jump to the beginning of a word. Words must be

separated by a space.

Jump to the end of a word. Words must be

separated by a space.

Switch between insert mode and overwrite

mode.

114 Programming: Programming Aids

 4.3 Structuring Programs
4.3 Structuring Programs
Definition and applications
This TNC function enables you to comment part programs in
structuring blocks. Structuring blocks are short texts with up to 37
characters and are used as comments or headlines for the subsequent
program lines.
With the aid of appropriate structuring blocks, you can organize long
and complex programs in a clear and comprehensible manner.
This function is particularly convenient if you want to change the
program later. Structuring blocks can be inserted into the part program
at any point. They can also be displayed in a separate window, and
edited or added to, as desired.
The inserted structure items are managed by the TNC in a separate file
(extension: .SEC.DEP). This speeds navigation in the program
structure window.

Displaying the program structure window /

Changing the active window
U To display the program structure window, select the
screen display PROGRAM+SECTS
U To change the active window, press the Change
window soft key

Inserting a structuring block in the (left) program

window
U Select the block after which the structuring block is to be inserted
U Press the INSERT SECTION soft key or the * key on
the ASCII keyboard
U Enter the structuring text with the alphabetic
keyboard
U If necessary, change the structure depth with the soft
key

Selecting blocks in the program structure

window
If you are scrolling through the program structure window block by
block, the TNC at the same time automatically moves the
corresponding NC blocks in the program window. This way you can
quickly skip large program sections.

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4.4 Integrated Pocket Calculator
4.4 Integrated Pocket Calculator
Operation
The TNC features an integrated pocket calculator with the basic
mathematical functions.
U Use the CALC key to show and hide the on-line pocket calculator.
U The calculator is operated with short commands through the
alphabetic keyboard. The commands are shown in a special color in
the calculator window:

Mathematical function Command (key)

Addition +

Subtraction

Multiplication *

Division /

Parenthetic calculations ()

Arc cosine ARC

Sine SIN

Cosine COS

Tangent TAN

Powers of values X^Y

Square root SQRT

Inversion 1/x

pi (3.14159265359) PI

Add value to buffer memory M+

Save the value to buffer MS

memory

Recall from buffer memory MR

Delete buffer memory contents MC

Natural logarithm LN

Logarithm LOG

Exponential function e^x

Check the algebraic sign SGN

Form the absolute value ABS

116 Programming: Programming Aids

 4.4 Integrated Pocket Calculator
Mathematical function Command (key)
Truncate decimal places INT

Truncate integers FRAC

Modulus operator MOD

Select view View

Delete value CE

Unit of measure MM or INCH

Display mode for angle values DEG (degree) or RAD (radian

measure)

Display mode of the numerical DEC (decimal) or HEX

value (hexadecimal)

To transfer the calculated value into the program

U Use the arrow keys to select the word into which the calculated
value is to be transferred
U Superimpose the on-line calculator by pressing the CALC key and
perform the desired calculation
U Press the actual-position-capture key for the TNC to superimpose a
soft-key row.
U Press the CALC soft key for the TNC to transfer the value into the
active input box and to close the calculator.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 117

4.5 Programming Graphics
4.5 Programming Graphics
Generating / Not generating graphics during
programming:

While you are writing the part program, you can have the TNC
generate a 2-D pencil-trace graphic of the programmed contour.
U To switch the screen layout to displaying program blocks to the left
and graphics to the right, press the SPLIT SCREEN key and
PROGRAM + GRAPHICS soft key
U Set the AUTO DRAW soft key to ON. While you are
entering the program lines, the TNC generates each
path contour you program in the graphics window in
the right screen half
If you do not wish to have the TNC generate graphics during
programming, set the AUTO DRAW soft key to OFF.
Even when AUTO DRAW ON is active, graphics are not generated for
program section repeats.

Generating a graphic for an existing program

U Use the arrow keys to select the block up to which you want the
graphic to be generated, or press GOTO and enter the desired block
number
U To generate graphics, press the RESET + START soft
key

Additional functions:

Function Soft key

Generate a complete graphic

Generate programming graphic blockwise

Generate a complete graphic or complete it after

RESET + START

Stop the programming graphics. This soft key

only appears while the TNC is generating the
interactive graphics

118 Programming: Programming Aids

 4.5 Programming Graphics
Block number display ON/OFF
U Shift the soft-key row: see figure

U To show block numbers: Set the SHOW OMIT BLOCK

NR. soft key to SHOW
U To omit block numbers: Set the SHOW OMIT BLOCK
NR. soft key to OMIT

Erasing the graphic

U Shift the soft-key row: see figure

U Erase graphic: Press CLEAR GRAPHICS soft key

Magnifying or reducing a detail

You can select the graphics display. by selecting a detail with the
frame overlay. You can now magnify or reduce the selected detail.
U Select the soft-key row for detail magnification/reduction (second
row, see figure)
The following functions are available:
Function Soft key
Show and move the frame overlay. Press and
hold the desired soft key to move the frame
overlay

Reduce the frame overlaypress and hold the

soft key to reduce the detail

Enlarge the frame overlaypress and hold the

soft key to magnify the detail

U Confirm the selected area with the WINDOW DETAIL

soft key
With the WINDOW BLK FORM soft key, you can restore the original
section.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 119

4.6 Error Messages
4.6 Error Messages
Display of errors
The TNC generates error messages when it detects problems such
as:
Incorrect data input
Logical errors in the program
Contour elements that are impossible to machine
Incorrect use of touch probes
When an error occurs, it is displayed in red type in the header. Long
and multi-line error messages are displayed in abbreviated form. If an
error occurs in the background mode, the word Error is displayed in
red type. Complete information on all pending errors is shown in the
error window.
If a rare processor check error should occur, the TNC automatically
opens the error window. You cannot remove such an error. Shut down
the system and restart the TNC.
The error message is displayed in the header until it is cleared or
replaced by a higher-priority error.
An error message that contains a program block number was caused
by an error in the indicated block or in the preceding block.

Open the error window.

U Press the ERR key. The TNC opens the error window
and displays all accumulated error messages.

Close the error window

U Press the END soft keyor

U Press the ERR key. The TNC closes the error window.

120 Programming: Programming Aids

 4.6 Error Messages
Detailed error messages
The TNC displays possible causes of the error and suggestions for
solving the problem:
U Open the error window.
U Information on the error cause and corrective action:
Position the highlight on the error message and press
the MORE INFO soft key. The TNC opens a window
with information on the error cause and corrective
action.
U Leave Info: Press the MORE INFO soft key again.

INTERNAL INFO soft key

The INTERNAL INFO soft key supplies information on the error
message. This information is only required if servicing is needed.
U Open the error window.
U Detailed information about the error message:
Position the highlight on the error message and press
the INTERNAL INFO soft key. The TNC opens a
window with internal information about the error
U To leave Details, press the INTERNAL INFO soft key
again.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 121

4.6 Error Messages
Clearing errors
Clearing errors outside of the error window:
U To clear the error/message in the header: Press the
CE button.

In some operating modes (such as the Editing mode), the

CE button cannot be used to clear the error, since the
button is reserved for other functions.

Clearing more than one error:

U Open the error window.
U Clear individual errors: Position the highlight on the
error message and press the DELETE soft key.
U Clear all errors: Press the DELETE ALL soft key.

If the cause of the error has not been removed, the error
message cannot be deleted. In this case, the error
message remains in the window.

Error log
The TNC stores errors and important events (e.g. system startup) in an
error log. The capacity of the error log is limited. If the log is full, the
TNC uses a second file. If this is also full, the first error log is deleted
and written to again, and so on. To view the error history, switch
between CURRENT FILE and PREVIOUS FILE.
U Open the error window.
U Press the LOG FILES soft key.

U To open the error log, press the ERROR LOG FILE soft
key.
U If you need the previous log file, press the PREVIOUS
FILE soft key.
U If you need the current log file, press the CURRENT
FILE soft key.

The oldest entry is at the beginning of the error log file, and the most
recent entry is at the end.

122 Programming: Programming Aids

 4.6 Error Messages
Keystroke log
The TNC stores keystrokes and important events (e.g. system startup)
in a keystroke log. The capacity of the keystroke log is limited. If the
keystroke log is full, the control switches to a second keystroke log. If
this second file becomes full, the first keystroke log is cleared and
written to again, and so on. To view the keystroke history, switch
between CURRENT FILE and PREVIOUS FILE.
U Press the LOG FILES soft key.

U To open the keystroke log file, press the KEYSTROKE

LOG FILE soft key.
U If you need the previous log file, press the PREVIOUS
FILE soft key.
U If you need the current log file, press the CURRENT
FILE soft key.
The TNC saves each key pressed during operation in a keystroke log.
The oldest entry is at the beginning, and the most recent entry is at
the end of the file.
Overview of the buttons and soft keys for viewing the log files:
Function Soft key/Keys
Go to beginning of log file

Go to end of log file

Current log file

Previous log file

Up/down one line

Return to main menu

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 123

4.6 Error Messages
Informational texts
After a faulty operation, such as pressing a key without function or
entering a value outside of the valid range, the TNC displays a (green)
text in the header, informing you that the operation was not correct.
The TNC clears this note upon the next valid input.

Saving service files

If necessary, you can save the Current status of the TNC, and make
it available to a service technician for evaluation. A group of service
files is saved (error and keystroke log files, as well as other files that
contain information about the current status of the machine and the
machining).
If you repeat the Save service data function, the previously saved
group of service data files is overwritten.
Saving service files:
U Open the error window.
U Press the LOG FILES soft key.

U To save service files, press the SAVE SERVICE FILES

soft key.

Calling the TNCguide help system

You can call the TNCs help system via soft key. Immediately the help
system shows you the same error explanation that you receive by
pressing the HELP soft key.

If your machine manufacturer also provides a help

system, the TNC shows an additional MACHINE
MANUFACTURER soft key with which you can call this
separate help system. There you will find further, more
detailed information on the error message concerned.

U Call the help for HEIDENHAIN error messages

U Call the help for HEIDENHAIN error messages, if

available

124 Programming: Programming Aids

 4.7 Context-Sensitive Help System
4.7 Context-Sensitive Help System
Application

Before you can use the TNCguide, you need to download

the help files from the HEIDENHAIN home page (see
Downloading current help files on page 130).

The TNCguide context-sensitive help system includes the user

documentation in HTML format. The TNCguide is called with the
HELP key, and the TNC often immediately displays the information
specific to the condition from which the help was called
(context-sensitive call). Even if you are editing an NC block and press
the HELP key, you are usually brought to the exact place in the
documentation that describes the corresponding function.

The TNC always tries to start the TNCguide in the

language that you have selected as the conversational
language on your TNC. If the files with this language are
not yet available on your TNC, it automatically opens the
English version.

The following user documentation is available in the TNCguide:

Conversational Programming Users Manual (BHBKlartext.chm)
DIN/ISO Users Manual (BHBIso.chm)
Users Manual for Cycle Programming (BHBtchprobe.chm)
List of All Error Messages (errors.chm)
In addition, the main.chm book file is available, with the contents
of all existing .chm files.

As an option, your machine tool builder can embed

machine-specific documentation in the TNCguide. These
documents then appear as a separate book in the
main.chm file.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 125

4.7 Context-Sensitive Help System
Working with the TNCguide
Calling the TNCguide
There are several ways to start the TNCguide:
U Press the HELP key if the TNC is not already showing an error
message
U Click the help symbol at the lower right of the screen beforehand,
then click the appropriate soft keys
U Use the file manager to open a help file (.chm file). The TNC can
open any .chm file, even if it is not saved on the TNCs hard disk

If one or more error messages are waiting for your

attention, the TNC shows the help directly associated
with the error messages. To start the TNCguide, you first
have to acknowledge all error messages.
When the help system is called on the programming
station, the TNC starts the internally defined standard
browser (usually the Internet Explorer), or otherwise a
browser adapted by HEIDENHAIN.

For many soft keys there is a context-sensitive call through which you
can go directly to the description of the soft keys function. This
functionality requires using a mouse. Proceed as follows:
U Select the soft-key row containing the desired soft key
U Click with the mouse on the help symbol that the TNC displays just
above the soft-key row: The mouse pointer turns into a question
mark
U Move the question mark to the soft key for which you want an
explanation, and click: The TNC opens the TNCguide. If no specific
part of the help is assigned to the selected soft key, the TNC opens
the book file main.chm, in which you can use the search function
or the navigation to find the desired explanation manually
Even if you are editing an NC block, context-sensitive help is available:
U Select any NC block
U Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to the block
U Press the HELP key: The TNC start the help system and shows a
description for the active function (does not apply to auxiliary
functions or cycles that were integrated by your machine tool
builder)

126 Programming: Programming Aids

 4.7 Context-Sensitive Help System
Navigating in the TNCguide
Its easiest to use the mouse to navigate in the TNCguide. A table of
contents appears on the left side of the screen. By clicking the
rightward pointing triangle you open subordinate sections, and by
clicking the respective entry you open the individual pages. It is
operated in the same manner as the Windows Explorer.
Linked text positions (cross references) are shown underlined and in
blue. Clicking the link opens the associated page.
Of course you can also operate the TNCguide through keys and soft
keys. The following table contains an overview of the corresponding
key functions.

The key functions described below are only available on

the control hardware, and not on the programming
station.

Function Soft key

If the table of contents at left is active:
Select the entry above it or below it
If the text window at right is active:
Move the page downward or upward if texts or
graphics are not shown completely

If the table of contents at left is active:

Open a branch of the table of contents. If the
branch is at its end, jump into the window at
right
If the text window at right is active:
No function

If the table of contents at left is active:

Close a branch of the table of contents
If the text window at right is active:
No function

If the table of contents at left is active:

Use the cursor key to show the selected page
If the text window at right is active:
If the cursor is on a link, jump to the linked page

If the table of contents at left is active:

Switch the tab between the display of the table
of contents, display of the subject index, and
the full-text search function and switching to
the screen half at right
If the text window at right is active:
Jump back to the window at left

If the table of contents at left is active:

Select the entry above it or below it
If the text window at right is active:
Jump to the next link

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 127

4.7 Context-Sensitive Help System
Function Soft key
Select the page last shown

Page forward if you have used the select page

last shown function

Move up by one page

Move down by one page

Display or hide table of contents

Switch between full-screen display and reduced

display. With the reduced display you can see
some of the rest of the TNC window

The focus is switched internally to the TNC

application so that you can operate the control
when the TNCguide is open. If the full screen is
active, the TNC reduces the window size
automatically before the change of focus

Close the TNCguide

128 Programming: Programming Aids

 4.7 Context-Sensitive Help System
Subject index
The most important subjects in the Manual are listed in the subject
index (Index tab). You can select them directly by mouse or with the
cursor keys.
The left side is active.
U Select the Index tab
U Activate the Keyword input field
U Enter the word for the desired subject and the TNC
synchronizes the index and creates a list in which you
can find the subject more easily, or
U Use the arrow key to highlight the desired keyword
U Use the ENT key to call the information on the
selected keyword

You can enter the search word only with a keyboard

connected via USB.

Full-text search
In the Find tab you can search the entire TNCguide for a specific word.
The left side is active.
U Select the Find tab
U Activate the Find: input field
U Enter the desired word and confirm with the ENT key:
the TNC lists all sources containing the word
U Use the arrow key to highlight the desired source
U Press the ENT key to go to the selected source

You can enter the search word only with a keyboard

connected via USB.
The full-text search only works for single words.
If you activate the Search only in titles function (by
mouse or by using the cursor and the space key), the TNC
searches only through headings and ignores the body
text.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 129

4.7 Context-Sensitive Help System
Downloading current help files
Youll find the help files for your TNC software on the HEIDENHAIN
home page www.heidenhain.de under:
U Services and Documentation
U Software
U TNC 320 help system
U NC software number of your TNC, for example 34056x-02
U Select the desired language, for example English: You will see a ZIP
file with the appropriate help files
U Download the ZIP file and unzip it
U Move the unzipped CHM files to the TNC in the TNC:\tncguide\en
directory or into the respective language subdirectory (see also the
following table)

If you want to use TNCremoNT to transfer the CHM files

to the TNC, then in the
Extras>Configuration>Mode>Transfer in binary
format menu item you have to enter the extension .CHM.

Language TNC directory

German TNC:\tncguide\de

English TNC:\tncguide\en

Czech TNC:\tncguide\cs

French TNC:\tncguide\fr

Italian TNC:\tncguide\it

Spanish TNC:\tncguide\es

Portuguese TNC:\tncguide\pt

Swedish TNC:\tncguide\sv

Danish TNC:\tncguide\da

Finnish TNC:\tncguide\fi

Dutch TNC:\tncguide\nl

Polish TNC:\tncguide\pl

Hungarian TNC:\tncguide\hu

Russian TNC:\tncguide\ru

Chinese (simplified) TNC:\tncguide\zh

Chinese (traditional) TNC:\tncguide\zh-tw

130 Programming: Programming Aids

Programming: Tools
5.1 Entering Tool-Related Data
5.1 Entering Tool-Related Data
Feed rate F
The feed rate F is the speed (in millimeters per minute or inches per
minute) at which the tool center point moves. The maximum feed
rates can be different for the individual axes and are set in machine S
parameters. Z
S
Input Y
You can enter the feed rate in the TOOL CALL block and in every F
positioning block (see Creating the program blocks with the path X
function keys on page 157). In millimeter-programs you enter the
feed rate in mm/min, and in inch-programs, for reasons of resolution,
in 1/10 inch/min.

Rapid traverse
If you wish to program rapid traverse, enter F MAX. To enter FMAX,
press the ENT key or the FMAX soft key when the dialog question
FEED RATE F = ? appears on the control's screen.

To move your machine at rapid traverse, you can also

program the corresponding numerical value, e.g. F30000.
Unlike FMAX, this rapid traverse remains in effect not only
in the individual block but in all blocks until you program a
new feed rate.

Duration of effect
A feed rate entered as a numerical value remains in effect until a block
with a different feed rate is reached. FMAX is only effective in the block
in which it is programmed. After the block with FMAX is executed, the
feed rate will return to the last feed rate entered as a numerical value.

Changing during program run

You can adjust the feed rate during program run with the feed-rate
override knob F.

132 Programming: Tools

 5.1 Entering Tool-Related Data
Spindle speed S
The spindle speed S is entered in revolutions per minute (rpm) in a
TOOL CALL block. Instead, you can also define the cutting speed Vc in
m/min.

Programmed change
In the part program, you can change the spindle speed in a TOOL CALL
block by entering the spindle speed only:
U To program a tool call, press the TOOL CALL key
U Ignore the dialog question for Tool number ? with the
NO ENT key
U Ignore the dialog question for Working spindle axis
X/Y/Z ? with the NO ENT key
U Enter the new spindle speed for the dialog question
Spindle speed S= ?, and confirm with END, or switch
via the VC soft key to entry of the cutting speed

Changing during program run

You can adjust the spindle speed during program run with the
spindle-speed override knob S.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 133

5.2 Tool Data
5.2 Tool Data
Requirements for tool compensation
You usually program the coordinates of path contours as they are
dimensioned in the workpiece drawing. To allow the TNC to calculate
the tool center pathi.e. the tool compensationyou must also enter
the length and radius of each tool you are using.
Tool data can be entered either directly in the part program with TOOL 1 8 12 13 18
DEF or separately in a tool table. In a tool table, you can also enter
additional data for the specific tool. The TNC will consider all the data
entered for the tool when executing the part program. Z 8

L
Tool numbers and tool names
R
Each tool is identified by a number between 0 and 32767. If you are
working with tool tables, you can also enter a tool name for each tool.
Tool names can have up to 16 characters. X
The tool number 0 is automatically defined as the zero tool with the
length L=0 and the radius R=0. In tool tables, tool T0 should also be
defined with L=0 and R=0.

Tool length L
You should always enter the tool length L as an absolute value based
on the tool reference point. The entire tool length is essential for the
TNC in order to perform numerous functions involving multi-axis Z
machining.
L3
Tool radius R L1
L2
You can enter the tool radius R directly.

134 Programming: Tools

 5.2 Tool Data
Delta values for lengths and radii
Delta values are offsets in the length and radius of a tool.
A positive delta value describes a tool oversize (DL, DR, DR2>0). If you
are programming the machining data with an allowance, enter the R R
oversize value in the TOOL CALL block of the part program.
A negative delta value describes a tool undersize (DL, DR, DR2<0). An
undersize is entered in the tool table for wear.
L DR<0
Delta values are usually entered as numerical values. In a TOOL CALL
block, you can also assign the values to Q parameters.
DR>0
Input range: You can enter a delta value with up to 99.999 mm.
DL<0
Delta values from the tool table influence the graphical
DL>0
representation of the tool. The representation of the
workpiece remains the same in the simulation.
Delta values from the TOOL CALL block change the
represented size of the workpiece during the simulation.
The simulated tool size remains the same.

Entering tool data into the program

The number, length and radius of a specific tool is defined in the TOOL
DEF block of the part program.
U To select tool definition, press the TOOL DEF key.
U Tool number: Each tool is uniquely identified by its tool
number.
U Tool length: Compensation value for the tool length
U Tool radius: Compensation value for the tool radius

In the programming dialog, you can transfer the value for

tool length and tool radius directly into the input line by
pressing the desired axis soft key.

Example
4 TOOL DEF 5 L+10 R+5

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 135

5.2 Tool Data
Entering tool data in the table
You can define and store up to 9999 tools and their tool data in a tool
table. Also see the Editing Functions later in this Chapter. In order to
be able to assign various compensation data to a tool (indexing tool
number), insert a line and extend the tool number by a dot and a
number from 1 to 9 (e.g. T 5.2).
You must use tool tables if
you wish to use indexed tools such as stepped drills with more than
one length compensation value,
your machine tool has an automatic tool changer,
you want to rough-mill the contour with Cycle 22, (see User's
Manual for Cycle Programming, ROUGH-OUT).
you want to work with Cycles 251 to 254 (see User's Manual for
Cycle Programming, Cycles 251 to 254)

Tool table: Standard tool data

Abbr. Inputs Dialog
T Number by which the tool is called in the program (e.g. 5, indexed: -
5.2)

NAME Name by which the tool is called in the program (no more than 16 Tool name?
characters, all capitals, no spaces)

L Compensation value for tool length L Tool length?

R Compensation value for the tool radius R Tool radius R?

R2 Tool radius R2 for toroid cutters (only for 3-D radius compensation Tool radius R2?
or graphical representation of a machining operation with
spherical or toroid cutters)

DL Delta value for tool length L Tool length oversize?

DR Delta value for tool radius R Tool radius oversize?

DR2 Delta value for tool radius R2 Tool radius oversize R2?

LCUTS Tooth length of the tool for Cycle 22 Tooth length in the tool axis?

ANGLE Maximum plunge angle of the tool for reciprocating plunge-cut in Maximum plunge angle?
Cycles 22 and 208

TL Set tool lock (TL: for Tool Locked) Tool locked?

Yes = ENT / No = NO ENT

RT Number of a replacement tool, if available (RT: for Replacement Replacement tool?

Tool; see also TIME2

TIME1 Maximum tool life in minutes. This function can vary depending Maximum tool age?
on the individual machine tool. Your machine manual provides
more information

136 Programming: Tools

 5.2 Tool Data
Abbr. Inputs Dialog
TIME2 Maximum tool life in minutes during TOOL CALL: If the current tool Maximum tool age for TOOL CALL?
age exceeds this value, the TNC changes the tool during the next
TOOL CALL (see also CUR_TIME).

CUR_TIME Current age of the tool in minutes: The TNC automatically counts Current tool life?
the current tool life (CUR_TIME). A starting value can be entered
for used tools

TYPE Tool type: Press the SELECT TYPE (3rd soft-key row); the TNC Tool type?
superimposes a window where you can select the type of tool
you want. You can assign tool types to specify the display filter
settings such that only the selected type is visible in the table.

DOC Comment on tool (up to 16 characters) Tool description?

PLC Information on this tool that is to be sent to the PLC PLC status?

PTYP Tool type for evaluation in the pocket table Tool type for pocket table?

LIFTOFF Definition of whether the TNC should retract the tool in the Retract tool Y/N ?
direction of the positive tool axis at an NC stop in order to avoid
leaving dwell marks on the contour. If Y is defined, the TNC
retracts the tool from the contour by 0.1 mm, provided that this
function was activated in the NC program with M148 (see
Automatically retract tool from the contour at an NC stop:
M148 on page 311).

TP_NO Reference to the number of the touch probe in the touch-probe Number of the touch probe
table

T_ANGLE Point angle of the tool. Is used by the Centering cycle (Cycle 240) Point angle?
in order to calculate the centering depth from the diameter entry

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 137

5.2 Tool Data
Tool table: Tool data required for automatic tool measurement

For a description of the cycles for automatic tool

measurement, see the User's Manual for Cycle
Programming.

Abbr. Inputs Dialog

CUT Number of teeth (20 teeth maximum) Number of teeth?

LTOL Permissible deviation from tool length L for wear detection. If the Wear tolerance: length?
entered value is exceeded, the TNC locks the tool (status L).
Input range: 0 to 0.9999 mm

RTOL Permissible deviation from tool radius R for wear detection. If the Wear tolerance: radius?
entered value is exceeded, the TNC locks the tool (status L).
Input range: 0 to 0.9999 mm

R2TOL Permissible deviation from tool radius R2 for wear detection. If Wear tolerance: Radius 2?
the entered value is exceeded, the TNC locks the tool (status L).
Input range: 0 to 0.9999 mm

DIRECT. Cutting direction of the tool for measuring the tool during rotation Cutting direction (M3 = )?

R_OFFS For tool length measurement: Tool offset between stylus center Tool offset: radius?
and tool center. Default setting: No value entered (offset = tool
radius)

L_OFFS Tool radius measurement: tool offset in addition to Tool offset: length?
offsetToolAxis (114104) between upper surface of stylus and
lower surface of tool. Default: 0

LBREAK Permissible deviation from tool length L for breakage detection. If Breakage tolerance: length?
the entered value is exceeded, the TNC locks the tool (status L).
Input range: 0 to 0.9999 mm

RBREAK Permissible deviation from tool radius R for breakage detection. If Breakage tolerance: radius?
the entered value is exceeded, the TNC locks the tool (status L).
Input range: 0 to 0.9999 mm

138 Programming: Tools

 5.2 Tool Data
Editing tool tables
The tool table that is active during execution of the part program is
designated TOOL.T and must be saved in the directory TNC:\table.
TOOL.T can only be edited in one of the machine operating modes.
Other tool tables that are to be archived or used for test runs are given
any other names with the extension T. By default, for Test Run and
Programming modes the TNC uses the "simtool.t" table, which is also
stored in the "table" directory. In the Test Run mode, press the TOOL
TABLE soft key to edit it.
To open the tool table TOOL.T:
U Select any machine operating mode
U Press the TOOL TABLE soft key to select the tool
table
U Set the EDIT soft key to ON

Display only specific tool types (filter setting)

U Press the TABLE FILTER soft key (fourth soft-key row).
U Select the tool type by pressing a soft key: The TNC only shows
tools of the type selected
U Cancel filter: Press the tool type selected before again or select
another tool type

The machine tool builder adapts the functional range of

the filter function to the requirements of your machine.
The machine tool manual provides further information.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 139

5.2 Tool Data
To open any other tool table
U Select the Programming and Editing mode of operation
U Call the file manager

U Press the SELECT TYPE soft key to select the file type
U To show type .T files, press the SHOW .T soft key
U Select a file or enter a new file name. Conclude your
entry with the ENT key or the SELECT soft key
When you have opened the tool table, you can edit the tool data by
moving the cursor to the desired position in the table with the arrow
keys or the soft keys. You can overwrite the stored values, or enter
new values at any position. The available editing functions are
illustrated in the table below.
If the TNC cannot show all positions in the tool table in one screen
page, the highlight bar at the top of the table will display the >> or <<
symbols.

Editing functions for tool tables Soft key

Select beginning of table

Select end of table

Select previous page in table

Select next page in table

Find the text or number

Move to beginning of line

Move to end of line

Copy highlighted field

Insert copied field

Add the entered number of lines (tools) at the

end of the table

Insert a line with definable tool number

Delete current line (tool).

140 Programming: Tools

 5.2 Tool Data
Editing functions for tool tables Soft key
Sort the tools according to the content of a
column

Show all drills in the tool table

Show all cutters in the tool table

Show all taps/thread cutters in the tool table

Show all touch probes in the tool table

Leaving the tool table

U Call the file manager and select a file of a different type, such as a
part program

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 141

5.2 Tool Data
Pocket table for tool changer

The machine tool builder adapts the functional range of

the pocket table to the requirements of your machine. The
machine tool manual provides further information.

For automatic tool changing you need the pocket table TOOL_P.TCH.
The TNC can manage several pocket tables with any file names. To
activate a specific pocket table for program run you must select it in
the file management of a Program Run mode of operation (status M).

Editing a pocket table in a Program Run operating mode

U Press the TOOL TABLE soft key to select the tool
table
U Press the POCKET TABLE soft key to select the
pocket table
U Set the EDIT soft key to ON. On your machine this
might not be necessary or even possible. Refer to
your machine manual

142 Programming: Tools

 5.2 Tool Data
Selecting a pocket table in the Programming and
Editing operating mode
U Call the file manager

U Press the SHOW ALL soft key to select the file type.
U Select a file or enter a new file name. Conclude your
entry with the ENT key or the SELECT soft key

Abbr. Inputs Dialog

P Pocket number of the tool in the tool magazine -

T Tool number Tool number?

RSV Pocket reservation for box magazines Pocket reserv.: Yes = ENT
/ No = NOENT

ST Special tool with a large radius requiring several pockets in the tool Special tool?
magazine. If your special tool takes up pockets in front of and behind its
actual pocket, these additional pockets need to be locked in column L
(status L)

F Fixed tool number. The tool is always returned to the same pocket in the tool Fixed pocket? Yes = ENT /
magazine No = NO ENT

L Locked pocket (see also column ST) Pocket locked Yes = ENT /
No = NO ENT

DOC Display of the comment to the tool from TOOL.T -

PLC Information on this tool pocket that is to be sent to the PLC PLC status?

P1 ... P5 Function is defined by the machine tool builder. The machine tool Value?
documentation provides further information.

PTYP Tool type. Function is defined by the machine tool builder. The machine tool Tool type for pocket
documentation provides further information. table?

LOCKED_ABOVE Box magazine: Lock the pocket above Lock the pocket above?

LOCKED_BELOW Box magazine: Lock the pocket below Lock the pocket below?

LOCKED_LEFT Box magazine: Lock the pocket at left Lock the pocket at left?

LOCKED_RIGHT Box magazine: Lock the pocket at right Lock the pocket at right?

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 143

5.2 Tool Data
Editing functions for pocket tables Soft key
Select beginning of table

Select end of table

Select previous page in table

Select next page in table

Reset pocket table

Reset tool number column T

Go to beginning of the line

Go to end of the line

Simulate a tool change

Select a tool from the tool table: The TNC shows

the contents of the tool table. Use the arrow keys
to select a tool, press OK to transfer it to the
pocket table

Edit the current field

Sort the view

The machine manufacturer defines the features,

properties and designations of the various display filters.
The machine tool manual provides further information.

144 Programming: Tools

 5.2 Tool Data
Calling tool data
A TOOL CALL block in the part program is defined with the following
data:
U Select the tool call function with the TOOL CALL key
U Tool number: Enter the number or name of the tool.
The tool must already be defined in a TOOL DEF block
or in the tool table. Press the TOOL NAME soft key to
enter the name. The TNC automatically places the
tool name in quotation marks. The tool name always
refers to the entry in the active tool table TOOL.T. If
you wish to call a tool with other compensation
values, also enter the index you defined in the tool
table after the decimal point. There is a SELECT soft
key for calling a window from which you can select a
tool defined in the tool table TOOL.T directly without
having to enter the number or name.
U Working spindle axis X/Y/Z: Enter the tool axis
U Spindle speed S: Enter the spindle speed in rpm
Alternatively, you can define the cutting speed Vc in
m/min. Press the VC soft key
U Feed rate F: F [mm/min or 0.1 inch/min] is effective
until you program a new feed rate in a positioning or
TOOL CALL block.
U Tool length oversize DL: Enter the delta value for
the tool length
U Tool radius oversize DR: Enter the delta value for
the tool radius
U Tool radius oversize DR2: Enter the delta value for
the tool radius 2

Example: Tool call

Call tool number 5 in the tool axis Z with a spindle speed of 2500 rpm
and a feed rate of 350 mm/min. The tool length is to be programmed
with an oversize of 0.2 mm, the tool radius 2 with an oversize of
0.05 mm, and the tool radius with an undersize of 1 mm.

20 TOOL CALL 5.2 Z S2500 F350 DL+0.2 DR-1 DR2+0.05

The character D preceding L and R designates a delta value.

Tool preselection with tool tables

If you are working with tool tables, use TOOL DEF to preselect the next
tool. Simply enter the tool number or a corresponding Q parameter, or
type the tool name in quotation marks.

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5.3 Tool Compensation
5.3 Tool Compensation
Introduction
The TNC adjusts the spindle path in the spindle axis by the
compensation value for the tool length. In the working plane, it
compensates the tool radius.
If you are writing the part program directly on the TNC, the tool radius
compensation is effective only in the working plane. The TNC
accounts for the compensation value in up to five axes including the
rotary axes.

Tool length compensation

Length compensation becomes effective automatically as soon as a
tool is called and the spindle axis moves. To cancel length
compensation, call a tool with the length L=0.

Caution: Danger of collision!

If you cancel a positive length compensation with TOOL
CALL 0 the distance between tool and workpiece will be
reduced.
After TOOL CALL the path of the tool in the spindle axis, as
entered in the part program, is adjusted by the difference
between the length of the previous tool and that of the
new one.

For tool length compensation, the control takes the delta values from
both the TOOL CALL block and the tool table into account:
Compensation value = L + DLTOOL CALL + DLTAB where

L: is the tool length L from the TOOL DEF block or tool

table
DL TOOL CALL is the oversize for length DL in the TOOL CALL 0
block (not taken into account by the position
display).
DL TAB is the oversize for length DL in the tool table.

146 Programming: Tools

 5.3 Tool Compensation
Tool radius compensation
The NC block for programming a tool movement contains:
RL or RR for radius compensation RL
R+ or R-, for radius compensation in single-axis movements R0
R0 if there is no radius compensation
Radius compensation becomes effective as soon as a tool is called
and is moved with a straight line block in the working plane with RL or
RR. R

The TNC automatically cancels radius compensation if

you:
R
program a straight line block with R0
depart the contour with the DEP function
program a PGM CALL
select a new program with PGM MGT.

For radius compensation, the TNC takes the delta values from both the
TOOL CALL block and the tool table into account:
Compensation value = R + DRTOOL CALL + DRTAB where
R Tool radius R from the TOOL DEF block or tool table
DR TOOL CALL Oversize for radius DR in the TOOL CALL block (not
taken into account by the position display)
DR TAB: Oversize for radius DR in the tool table

Contouring without radius compensation: R0

The tool center moves in the working plane along the programmed
path or to the programmed coordinates.
Applications: Drilling and boring, pre-positioning.
Z
Y

X
Y

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5.3 Tool Compensation
Contouring with radius compensation: RR and RL

RR The tool moves to the right of the programmed contour

RL The tool moves to the left of the programmed contour
Y
The tool center moves along the contour at a distance equal to the
radius. Right or left are to be understood as based on the
direction of tool movement along the workpiece contour. See figures.

Between two program blocks with different radius

compensations RR and RL you must program at least one
traversing block in the working plane without radius RL
compensation (that is, with R0).
The TNC does not put radius compensation into effect
until the end of the block in which it is first programmed.
In the first block in which radius compensation is activated X
with RR/RL or canceled with R0 the TNC always positions
the tool perpendicular to the programmed starting or end
position. Position the tool at a sufficient distance from the
first or last contour point to prevent the possibility of
damaging the contour.
Y

RR

148 Programming: Tools

 5.3 Tool Compensation
Entering radius compensation

Radius compensation is entered in an L block. Enter the coordinates

of the target point and confirm your entry with ENT

RADIUS COMP.: RL/RR/NO COMP.?

To select tool movement to the left of the contour,

press the RL soft key, or

To select tool movement to the right of the contour,

press the RR soft key, or

To select tool movement without radius

compensation or to cancel radius compensation,
press the ENT key.

To terminate the block, press the END key.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 149

5.3 Tool Compensation
Radius compensation: Machining corners
Outside corners:
If you program radius compensation, the TNC moves the tool
around outside corners on a transitional arc. If necessary, the TNC
reduces the feed rate at outside corners to reduce machine stress,
for example at very great changes of direction.
Inside corners:
The TNC calculates the intersection of the tool center paths at inside
corners under radius compensation. From this point it then starts
RL
the next contour element. This prevents damage to the workpiece.
The permissible tool radius, therefore, is limited by the geometry of
the programmed contour.

Danger of collision!
To prevent the tool from damaging the contour, be careful
not to program the starting or end position for machining
inside corners at a corner of the contour.

RL RL

150 Programming: Tools

Programming:
Programming Contours
6.1 Tool Movements
6.1 Tool Movements
Path functions
A workpiece contour is usually composed of several contour elements
such as straight lines and circular arcs. With the path functions, you L
can program the tool movements for straight lines and circular arcs. L CC

FK free contour programming (Advanced L

programming features software option) C

If a production drawing is not dimensioned for NC and the dimensions

given are not sufficient for creating a part program, you can program
the workpiece contour with the FK free contour programming. The
TNC calculates the missing data.
With FK programming, you also program tool movements for straight
lines and circular arcs.

Miscellaneous functions M
With the TNC's miscellaneous functions you can affect
the program run, e.g., a program interruption
the machine functions, such as switching spindle rotation and Y
coolant supply on and off
the path behavior of the tool 80
CC
60
Subprograms and program section repeats

0
R4
40
If a machining sequence occurs several times in a program, you can
save time and reduce the chance of programming errors by entering
the sequence once and then defining it as a subprogram or program
section repeat. If you wish to execute a specific program section only
under certain conditions, you also define this machining sequence as X
a subprogram. In addition, you can have a part program call a separate 10 115
program for execution.
Programming with subprograms and program section repeats is
described in Chapter 7.

152 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.1 Tool Movements
Programming with Q parameters
Instead of programming numerical values in a part program, you enter
markers called Q parameters. You assign the values to the
Q parameters separately with the Q parameter functions. You can use
the Q parameters for programming mathematical functions that
control program execution or describe a contour.
In addition, parametric programming enables you to measure with the
3-D touch probe during program run.
Programming with Q parameters is described in Chapter 8.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 153

6.2 Fundamentals of Path Functions
6.2 Fundamentals of Path
Functions
Programming tool movements for workpiece
Z
machining
You create a part program by programming the path functions for the
individual contour elements in sequence. You usually do this by Y
entering the coordinates of the end points of the contour
elements given in the production drawing. The TNC calculates the X
actual path of the tool from these coordinates, and from the tool data
and radius compensation.
The TNC moves all axes programmed in a single block simultaneously.
100
Movement parallel to the machine axes
The program block contains only one coordinate. The TNC thus moves
the tool parallel to the programmed axis.
Depending on the individual machine tool, the part program is
executed by movement of either the tool or the machine table on
which the workpiece is clamped. Nevertheless, you always program
path contours as if the tool moves and the workpiece remains
stationary. Z
Example:

50 L X+100 Y
X
50 Block number 50
L Path function straight line at
X+100 Coordinate of the end point
The tool retains the Y and Z coordinates and moves to the position 70
X=100. See figure.

Movement in the main planes

The program block contains two coordinates. The TNC thus moves the
tool in the programmed plane.
Example:
Z
L X+70 Y+50

The tool retains the Z coordinate and moves in the XY plane to the Y
position X=70, Y=50 (see figure).
X
Three-dimensional movement
The program block contains three coordinates. The TNC thus moves
the tool in space to the programmed position.
Example: 80
-10
L X+80 Y+0 Z-10

154 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.2 Fundamentals of Path Functions
Circles and circular arcs
The TNC moves two axes simultaneously on a circular path relative to
the workpiece. You can define a circular movement by entering the
circle center CC.
When you program a circle, the control assigns it to one of the main
planes. This plane is defined automatically when you set the spindle
axis during a TOOL CALL:
Spindle axis Main plane
Y Y
Z XY, also
UV, XV, UY

Y ZX, also
WU, ZU, WX CC
YCC
X YZ, also
VW, YW, VZ

X X
You can program circles that do not lie parallel to a main XCC
plane by using the function for tilting the working plane
(see User's Manual for Cycles, Cycle 19, WORKING
PLANE) or Q parameters (see "Principle and Overview",
page 222).

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 155

6.2 Fundamentals of Path Functions
Direction of rotation DR for circular movements
When a circular path has no tangential transition to another contour
element, enter the direction of rotation as follows:
Z
Clockwise direction of rotation: DR-
DR+
Counterclockwise direction of rotation: DR+
Y DR CC
Radius compensation
CC
The radius compensation must be in the block in which you move to X
the first contour element. You cannot activate radius compensation in
a circle block. Activate it beforehand in a straight-line block (see "Path
ContoursCartesian Coordinates", page 166) or approach block
(APPR block, see "Contour Approach and Departure", page 158).

Pre-positioning

Danger of collision!
Before running a part program, always pre-position the
tool to prevent the possibility of damaging it or the
workpiece.

156 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.2 Fundamentals of Path Functions
Creating the program blocks with the path function keys
The gray path function keys initiate the plain language dialog. The TNC
asks you successively for all the necessary information and inserts the
program block into the part program.
Exampleprogramming a straight line:

Initiate the programming dialog, e.g. for a straight line

COORDINATES?

Enter the coordinates of the straight-line end point,

e.g. 20 in X.

COORDINATES?

Enter the coordinates of the straight-line end point,

e.g. 30 in Y, and confirm with the ENT key

RADIUS COMP.: RL/RR/NO COMP.?

Select the radius compensation (here, press the R0

soft keythe tool moves without compensation)

FEED RATE F=? / F MAX = ENT

Enter the feed rate (here, 100 mm/min), and confirm

100 your entry with ENT. For programming in inches,
enter 100 for a feed rate of 10 ipm

To move at rapid traverse, press the F MAX soft key,

or

To traverse with the feed rate defined in the TOOL

CALL block, press the F AUTO soft key

MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M?

3 Enter a miscellaneous function (here, M3), and

terminate the dialog with ENT

The part program now contains the following line:

L X-20 Y+30 R0 FMAX M3

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 157

6.3 Contour Approach and Departure
6.3 Contour Approach and
Departure
Overview: Types of paths for contour approach
and departure
The functions for contour approach APPR and departure DEP are
activated with the APPR/DEP key. You can then select the desired
path function with the corresponding soft key:

Function Approach Departure

Straight line with tangential connection

Straight line perpendicular to a contour

point

Circular arc with tangential connection

Circular arc with tangential connection

to the contour. Approach and departure
to an auxiliary point outside the contour
on a tangentially connecting line.

Approaching and departing a helix

The tool approaches and departs a helix on its extension by moving in
a circular arc that connects tangentially to the contour. You program
helical approach and departure with the APPR CT and DEP CT
functions.

158 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.3 Contour Approach and Departure
Important positions for approach and departure
Starting point PS
You program this position in the block before the APPR block. PS lies
outside the contour and is approached without radius compensation
(R0).
Auxiliary point PH RL
Some of the paths for approach and departure go through an
auxiliary point PH that the TNC calculates from your input in the
APPR or DEP block. The TNC moves from the current position to the RL
auxiliary point PH at the feed rate last programmed. If you have
programmed FMAX (positioning at rapid traverse) in the last
PN R0
positioning block before the approach function, the TNC also
approaches the auxiliary point PH at rapid traverse. PA RL PE RL
First contour point PA and last contour point PE
You program the first contour point PA in the APPR block. The last PH RL
contour point PE can be programmed with any path function. If the
APPR block also contains a Z axis coordinate, the TNC will first move PS R0
the tool to PH in the working plane, and then move it to the entered
depth in the tool axis.
End point PN
The position PN lies outside of the contour and results from your
input in the DEP block. If the DEP block also contains a Z axis
coordinate, the TNC will first move the tool to PH in the working
plane, and then move it to the entered height in the tool axis.

Abbreviation Meaning
APPR Approach

DEP Departure

L Line

C Circle

T Tangential (smooth connection)

N Normal (perpendicular)

When moving from the present position to the auxiliary

point PH the TNC does not check whether the
programmed contour will be damaged. Use the test
graphics to check.
With the APPR LT, APPR LN and APPR CT functions, the
TNC moves the tool from the present position to the
auxiliary point PH at the feed rate that was last
programmed. With the APPR LCT function, the TNC
moves to the auxiliary point PH at the feed rate
programmed with the APPR block. If no feed rate is
programmed before the approach block, the TNC
generates an error message.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 159

6.3 Contour Approach and Departure
Polar coordinates
You can also program the contour points for the following
approach/departure functions over polar coordinates:
APPR LT becomes APPR PLT
APPR LN becomes APPR PLN
APPR CT becomes APPR PCT
APPR LCT becomes APPR PLCT
DEP LCT becomes DEP PLCT
Select by soft key an approach or departure function, then press the
orange P key.

Radius compensation
The tool radius compensation is programmed together with the first
contour point PA in the APPR block. The DEP blocks automatically
discard the tool radius compensation.
Contour approach without radius compensation: If you program the
APPR block with R0, the TNC will calculate the tool path for a tool
radius of 0 mm and a radius compensation RR! The radius
compensation is necessary to set the direction of contour approach
and departure in the APPR/DEP LN and APPR/DEP CT functions. In
addition, you must program both coordinates in the working plane
in the first traverse block after APPR.

160 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.3 Contour Approach and Departure
Approaching on a straight line with tangential
connection: APPR LT Y
35
The tool moves on a straight line from the starting point PS to an
auxiliary point PH. It then moves to the first contour point PA on a

RR
straight line that connects tangentially to the contour. The auxiliary PA

15
point PH is separated from the first contour point PA by the distance 20 RR
LEN.
U Use any path function to approach the starting point PS
10
U Initiate the dialog with the APPR/DEP key and APPR LT soft key: PH PS
U Coordinates of the first contour point PA RR R0

U LEN: Distance from the auxiliary point PH to the first

contour point PA X
20 35 40
U Radius compensation RR/RL for machining

Example NC blocks
7 L X+10 Y+10 R0 FMAX M3 Approach PS without radius compensation
8 APPR LT X+20 Y+20 Z-10 LEN15 RR F100 PA with radius comp. RR, distance PH to PA: LEN=15
9 L X+35 Y+35 End point of the first contour element
10 L ... Next contour element

Approaching on a straight line perpendicular to

the first contour point: APPR LN Y
35
The tool moves on a straight line from the starting point PS to an
auxiliary point PH. It then moves to the first contour point PA on a

RR
straight line perpendicular to the first contour element. The auxiliary PA
point PH is separated by the distance LEN plus the tool radius from the 20 RR
first contour point PA. 15
U Use any path function to approach the starting point PS
10
U Initiate the dialog with the APPR/DEP key and APPR LN soft key: PH PS
U Coordinates of the first contour point PA RR R0
U Length: Distance to the auxiliary point PH. Always
enter LEN as a positive value! X
10 20 40
U Radius compensation RR/RL for machining

Example NC blocks
7 L X+10 Y+10 R0 FMAX M3 Approach PS without radius compensation
8 APPR LN X+10 Y+20 Z-10 LEN15 RR F100 PA with radius comp. RR
9 L X+20 Y+35 End point of the first contour element
10 L ... Next contour element

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 161

6.3 Contour Approach and Departure
Approaching on a circular path with tangential
connection: APPR CT Y
35
The tool moves on a straight line from the starting point PS to an
auxiliary point PH. It then moves to the first contour point PA following

RR
a circular arc that is tangential to the first contour element. PA
20 RR
The arc from PH to PA is determined through the radius R and the CCA=
center angle CCA. The direction of rotation of the circular arc is 180
automatically derived from the tool path for the first contour element. 0
10 R1
U Use any path function to approach the starting point PS PS
R0
U Initiate the dialog with the APPR/DEP key and APPR CT soft key:
PH
U Coordinates of the first contour point PA
X
U Radius R of the circular arc 10 20 40
If the tool should approach the workpiece in the
direction defined by the radius compensation: Enter
R as a positive value.
If the tool should approach from the workpiece
side:
Enter R as a negative value
U Center angle CCA of the arc
CCA can be entered only as a positive value.
Maximum input value 360
U Radius compensation RR/RL for machining

Example NC blocks
7 L X+10 Y+10 R0 FMAX M3 Approach PS without radius compensation
8 APPR CT X+10 Y+20 Z-10 CCA180 R+10 RR F100 PA with radius comp. RR, radius R=10
9 L X+20 Y+35 End point of the first contour element
10 L ... Next contour element

162 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.3 Contour Approach and Departure
Approaching on a circular arc with tangential
connection from a straight line to the contour: Y
35
APPR LCT
The tool moves on a straight line from the starting point PS to an

RR
auxiliary point PH. It then moves to the first contour point PA on a PA
circular arc. The feed rate programmed in the APPR block is effective 20 RR
for the entire path that the TNC traversed in the approach block (path
PS to PA).
0
10 R1
If you have programmed the coordinates of all three principal axes X, PS
Y and Z in the approach block, the TNC moves the tool from the
R0
position defined before the APPR block simultaneously in all three PH
axes to the auxiliary point PH and then, only in the working plane, from RR
PH to PA. X
10 20 40
The arc is connected tangentially both to the line PSPH as well as to
the first contour element. Once these lines are known, the radius then
suffices to completely define the tool path.
U Use any path function to approach the starting point PS
U Initiate the dialog with the APPR/DEP key and APPR LCT soft key:
U Coordinates of the first contour point PA

U Radius R of the circular arc. Enter R as a positive value

U Radius compensation RR/RL for machining

Example NC blocks
7 L X+10 Y+10 R0 FMAX M3 Approach PS without radius compensation
8 APPR LCT X+10 Y+20 Z-10 R10 RR F100 PA with radius comp. RR, radius R=10
9 L X+20 Y+35 End point of the first contour element
10 L ... Next contour element

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 163

6.3 Contour Approach and Departure
Departing on a straight line with tangential
connection: DEP LT Y
The tool moves on a straight line from the last contour point PE to the RR
end point PN. The line lies on the extension of the last contour
element. PN is separated from PE by the distance LEN.
U Program the last contour element with the end point PE and radius 20 PE
compensation RR

12.5
U Initiate the dialog with the APPR/DEP key and DEP LT soft key:
U LEN: Enter the distance from the last contour element
PE to the end point PN PN
R0

X
Example NC blocks
23 L Y+20 RR F100 Last contour element: PE with radius compensation
24 DEP LT LEN12.5 F100 Depart contour by LEN=12.5 mm
25 L Z+100 FMAX M2 Retract in Z, return to block 1, end program

Departing on a straight line perpendicular to the

last contour point: DEP LN Y
The tool moves on a straight line from the last contour point PE to the RR
end point PN. The line departs on a perpendicular path from the last PN
contour point PE. PN is separated from PE by the distance LEN plus the
tool radius. R0
20 PE
U Program the last contour element with the end point PE and radius
RR
compensation 20
U Initiate the dialog with the APPR/DEP key and DEP LN soft key:
U LEN: Enter the distance from the last contour element
to PN
Always enter LEN as a positive value!
X

Example NC blocks
23 L Y+20 RR F100 Last contour element: PE with radius compensation
24 DEP LN LEN+20 F100 Depart perpendicular to contour by LEN=20 mm
25 L Z+100 FMAX M2 Retract in Z, return to block 1, end program

164 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.3 Contour Approach and Departure
Departure on a circular path with tangential
connection: DEP CT Y
The tool moves on a circular arc from the last contour point PE to the RR
end point PN. The path is tangentially connected to the last contour PN
element.
R0
U Program the last contour element with the end point PE and radius 20
PE
compensation 180

R8
RR
U Initiate the dialog with the APPR/DEP key and DEP CT soft key:
U Center angle CCA of the arc
U Radius R of the circular arc
If the tool should depart the workpiece in the X
direction of the radius compensation (i.e. to the
right with RR or to the left with RL): Enter R as a
positive value
If the tool should depart the workpiece in the
direction opposite to the radius compensation:
Enter R as a negative value

Example NC blocks
23 L Y+20 RR F100 Last contour element: PE with radius compensation
24 DEP CT CCA 180 R+8 F100 Center angle=180,
Arc radius=8 mm
25 L Z+100 FMAX M2 Retract in Z, return to block 1, end program

Departing on a circular arc tangentially

connecting the contour and a straight line: Y
DEP LCT RR

The tool moves on a circular arc from the last contour point PE to an
auxiliary point PH. It then moves on a straight line to the end point PN.
20
The arc is tangentially connected both to the last contour element and PE
R8
to the line from PH to PN. The radius R uniquely defines the arc. RR
U Program the last contour element with the end point PE and radius 12
PH
compensation PN
R0
U Initiate the dialog with the APPR/DEP key and DEP LCT soft key: R0

U Enter the coordinates of the end point PN

X
U Radius R of the circular arc. Enter R as a positive value 10

Example NC blocks
23 L Y+20 RR F100 Last contour element: PE with radius compensation
24 DEP LCT X+10 Y+12 R+8 F100 Coordinates PN, arc radius=8 mm
25 L Z+100 FMAX M2 Retract in Z, return to block 1, end program

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 165

6.4 Path ContoursCartesian Coordinates
6.4 Path ContoursCartesian
Coordinates
Overview of path functions
Function Path function key Tool movement Required input Page
Line L Straight line Coordinates of the end Page 167
points of the straight line

Chamfer CHF Chamfer between two Chamfer side length Page 168
straight lines

Circle Center CC None Coordinates of the circle Page 170

center or pole

Circle C Circular arc around a circle Coordinates of the arc end Page 171
center CC to an arc end point point, direction of rotation

Circular arc CR Circular arc with a certain Coordinates of the arc end Page 172
radius point, arc radius, direction of
rotation

Circular arc CT Circular arc with tangential Coordinates of the arc end Page 174
connection to the preceding point
and subsequent contour
elements

Corner Rounding RND Circular arc with tangential Rounding radius R Page 169
connection to the preceding
and subsequent contour
elements

FK Free Contour Straight line or circular path see "Path Contours FK Free Page 190
Programming with any connection to the Contour Programming
preceding contour element (Advanced Programming
Features Software Option)",
page 187

166 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.4 Path ContoursCartesian Coordinates
Straight line L
The TNC moves the tool in a straight line from its current position to
the straight-line end point. The starting point is the end point of the Y
preceding block.
40
U Coordinates of the end point of the straight line, if
necessary

15
U Radius compensation RL/RR/R0

10
U Feed rate F
U Miscellaneous function M

Example NC blocks
20 X
10
7 L X+10 Y+40 RL F200 M3
60
8 L IX+20 IY-15
9 L X+60 IY-10

Actual position capture

You can also generate a straight-line block (L block) by using the
ACTUAL-POSITION-CAPTURE key:
U In the Manual Operation mode, move the tool to the position you
wish to capture.
U Switch the screen display to Programming and Editing.
U Select the program block after which you want to insert the L block.
U Press the ACTUAL-POSITION-CAPTURE key: The
TNC generates an L block with the actual position
coordinates

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 167

6.4 Path ContoursCartesian Coordinates
Inserting a chamfer between two straight lines
The chamfer enables you to cut off corners at the intersection of two
straight lines.
The line blocks before and after the CHF block must be in the same
Y 12
working plane as the chamfer
The radius compensation before and after the CHF block must be the
same

12
5
The chamfer must be machinable with the current tool 30

U Chamfer side length: Length of the chamfer, and if

necessary:
U Feed rate F (effective only in CHF block)

Example NC blocks 5 X
7 L X+0 Y+30 RL F300 M3 40
8 L X+40 IY+5
9 CHF 12 F250
10 L IX+5 Y+0

You cannot start a contour with a CHF block.

A chamfer is possible only in the working plane.
The corner point is cut off by the chamfer and is not part
of the contour.
A feed rate programmed in the CHF block is effective only
in that block. After the CHF block, the previous feed rate
becomes effective again.

168 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.4 Path ContoursCartesian Coordinates
Corner rounding RND
The RND function is used for rounding off corners.
The tool moves on an arc that is tangentially connected to both the Y
preceding and subsequent contour elements.
The rounding arc must be machinable with the called tool.
40
U Rounding radius: Enter the radius, and if necessary:
U Feed rate F (effective only in RND block) R5 25

Example NC blocks
5 L X+10 Y+40 RL F300 M3
5
6 L X+40 Y+25
7 RND R5 F100 X
10 40
8 L X+10 Y+5

In the preceding and subsequent contour elements, both

coordinates must lie in the plane of the rounding arc. If
you machine the contour without tool-radius
compensation, you must program both coordinates in the
working plane.
The corner point is cut off by the rounding arc and is not
part of the contour.
A feed rate programmed in the RND block is effective only
in this RND block. After the RND block, the previous feed
rate becomes effective again.
You can also use an RND block for a tangential contour
approach.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 169

6.4 Path ContoursCartesian Coordinates
Circle center CCI
You can define a circle center for circles that you have programmed
with the C key (circular path C). This is done in the following ways:
Entering the Cartesian coordinates of the circle center in the
Z
working plane, or Y
Using the circle center defined in an earlier block, or
Capturing the coordinates with the ACTUAL-POSITION-CAPTURE CC
key
U Enter the coordinates for the circle center, or YCC X
If you want to use the last programmed position,
enter no coordinates

Example NC blocks
X CC
5 CC X+25 Y+25

or

10 L X+25 Y+25
11 CC

The program blocks 10 and 11 do not refer to the illustration.

Duration of effect
The circle center definition remains in effect until a new circle center
is programmed. You can also define a circle center for the secondary
axes U, V and W.
Entering the circle center incrementally
If you enter the circle center with incremental coordinates, you have
programmed it relative to the last programmed position of the tool.

The only effect of CC is to define a position as circle

center: The tool does not move to this position.
The circle center is also the pole for polar coordinates.

170 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.4 Path ContoursCartesian Coordinates
Circular path C around circle center CC
Before programming a circular arc, you must first enter the circle
center CC. The last programmed tool position will be the starting point
of the arc. Y
U Move the tool to the circle starting point.
U Enter the coordinates of the circle center

U Enter the coordinates of the arc end point, and if

necessary:
E S
U Direction of rotation DR CC

U Feed rate F
U Miscellaneous function M
X
The TNC normally makes circular movements in the active
working plane. If you program circular arcs that do not lie
in the active working plane, for example C Z... X... DR+
with a tool axis Z, and at the same time rotate this
movement, then the TNC moves the tool in a spatial arc,
which means a circular arc in 3 axes.

Example NC blocks
5 CC X+25 Y+25 Y
6 L X+45 Y+25 RR F200 M3
7 C X+45 Y+25 DR+ DR+

Full circle CC
25
For the end point, enter the same point that you used for the starting
point.
DR
The starting and end points of the arc must lie on the
circle.
X
Input tolerance: up to 0.016 mm (selected through the 25 45
circleDeviation machine parameter).
Smallest possible circle that the TNC can traverse:
0.0016 m.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 171

6.4 Path ContoursCartesian Coordinates
Circular path CR with defined radius
The tool moves on a circular path with the radius R.
U Coordinates of the arc end point Y
U Radius R
Note: The algebraic sign determines the size of the
arc!
U Direction of rotation DR R
Note: The algebraic sign determines whether the arc E1=S
is concave or convex! S1=E
CC
U Miscellaneous function M
U Feed rate F
Full circle
X
For a full circle, program two blocks in succession:
The end point of the first semicircle is the starting point of the second.
The end point of the second semicircle is the starting point of the first.

172 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.4 Path ContoursCartesian Coordinates
Central angle CCA and arc radius R
The starting and end points on the contour can be connected with four
arcs of the same radius: Y
Smaller arc: CCA<180
Enter the radius with a positive sign R>0
1 DR
Larger arc: CCA>180
Enter the radius with a negative sign R<0
40 DR+
The direction of rotation determines whether the arc is curving ZW
outward (convex) or curving inward (concave): R R

Convex: Direction of rotation DR (with radius compensation RL) 2

Concave: Direction of rotation DR+ (with radius compensation RL)

Example NC blocks
X
40 70
10 L X+40 Y+40 RL F200 M3
11 CR X+70 Y+40 R+20 DR- (ARC 1)
3
or Y

11 CR X+70 Y+40 R+20 DR+ (ARC 2) DR

ZW

or
R R
11 CR X+70 Y+40 R-20 DR- (ARC 3) 40

or
4
11 CR X+70 Y+40 R-20 DR+ (ARC 4) DR+

X
The distance from the starting and end points of the arc 40 70
diameter cannot be greater than the diameter of the arc.
The maximum radius is 99.9999 m.
You can also enter rotary axes A, B and C.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 173

6.4 Path ContoursCartesian Coordinates
Circular path CT with tangential connection
The tool moves on an arc that starts tangentially to the previously
programmed contour element. Y
A transition between two contour elements is called tangential when
there is no kink or corner at the intersection between the two
contoursthe transition is smooth.
The contour element to which the tangential arc connects must be
programmed immediately before the CT block. This requires at least 30
two positioning blocks. 25
U Coordinates of the arc end point, and if necessary: 20

U Feed rate F
U Miscellaneous function M

Example NC blocks
X
25 45
7 L X+0 Y+25 RL F300 M3
8 L X+25 Y+30
9 CT X+45 Y+20
10 L Y+0

A tangential arc is a two-dimensional operation: the

coordinates in the CT block and in the contour element
preceding it must be in the same plane of the arc!

174 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.4 Path ContoursCartesian Coordinates
Example: Linear movements and chamfers with Cartesian coordinates

Y 10

3
95
2

10
20
1 4
5

20 X
5 9

0 BEGIN PGM LINEAR MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20 Define blank form for graphic workpiece simulation
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL CALL 1 Z S4000 Call tool in the spindle axis and with the spindle speed S
4 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract tool in the spindle axis at rapid traverse FMAX
5 L X-10 Y-10 R0 FMAX Pre-position the tool
6 L Z-5 R0 F1000 M3 Move to working depth at feed rate F = 1000 mm/min
7 APPR LT X+5 Y+5 LEN10 RL F300 Approach the contour at point 1 on a straight line with
tangential connection
8 L Y+95 Move to point 2
9 L X+95 Point 3: first straight line for corner 3
10 CHF 10 Program chamfer with length 10 mm
11 L Y+5 Point 4: 2nd straight line for corner 3, 1st straight line for corner 4
12 CHF 20 Program chamfer with length 20 mm
13 L X+5 Move to last contour point 1, second straight line for corner 4
14 DEP LT LEN10 F1000 Depart the contour on a straight line with tangential connection
15 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program
16 END PGM LINEAR MM

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 175

6.4 Path ContoursCartesian Coordinates
Example: Circular movements with Cartesian coordinates

95
2 4 5

R3
85
R10 3

0
6
40

1 7
5

X
5 30 40 70 95

0 BEGIN PGM CIRCULAR MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20 Define blank form for graphic workpiece simulation
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL CALL 1 Z S4000 Call tool in the spindle axis and with the spindle speed S
4 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract tool in the spindle axis at rapid traverse FMAX
5 L X-10 Y-10 R0 FMAX Pre-position the tool
6 L Z-5 R0 F1000 M3 Move to working depth at feed rate F = 1000 mm/min
7 APPR LCT X+5 Y+5 R5 RL F300 Approach the contour at point 1 on a circular arc with
tangential connection
8 L X+5 Y+85 Point 2: first straight line for corner 2
9 RND R10 F150 Insert radius with R = 10 mm, feed rate: 150 mm/min
10 L X+30 Y+85 Move to point 3: Starting point of the arc with CR
11 CR X+70 Y+95 R+30 DR- Move to point 4: End point of the arc with CR, radius 30 mm
12 L X+95 Move to point 5
13 L X+95 Y+40 Move to point 6
14 CT X+40 Y+5 Move to point 7: End point of the arc, circular arc with tangential
connection to point 6, TNC automatically calculates the radius

176 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.4 Path ContoursCartesian Coordinates
15 L X+5 Move to last contour point 1
16 DEP LCT X-20 Y-20 R5 F1000 Depart the contour on a circular arc with tangential connection
17 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program
18 END PGM CIRCULAR MM

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 177

6.4 Path ContoursCartesian Coordinates
Example: Full circle with Cartesian coordinates

CC
50

X
50

0 BEGIN PGM C-CC MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20 Definition of workpiece blank
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL CALL 1 Z S3150 Tool call
4 CC X+50 Y+50 Define the circle center
5 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool
6 L X-40 Y+50 R0 FMAX Pre-position the tool
7 L Z-5 R0 F1000 M3 Move to working depth
8 APPR LCT X+0 Y+50 R5 RL F300 Approach the starting point of the circle on a circular arc with
tangential
connection
9 C X+0 DR- Move to the circle end point (= circle starting point)
10 DEP LCT X-40 Y+50 R5 F1000 Depart the contour on a circular arc with tangential
connection
11 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program
12 END PGM C-CC MM

178 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.5 Path ContoursPolar Coordinates
6.5 Path ContoursPolar
Coordinates
Overview
With polar coordinates you can define a position in terms of its angle
PA and its distance PR relative to a previously defined pole CC.
Polar coordinates are useful with:
Positions on circular arcs
Workpiece drawing dimensions in degrees, e.g. bolt hole circles

Overview of path functions with polar coordinates

Function Path function key Tool movement Required input Page
Straight line LP + Straight line Polar radius, polar angle of Page 180
the straight-line end point

Circular arc CP + Circular path around circle Polar angle of the arc end Page 181
center/pole to arc end point point, direction of rotation

Circular arc CTP + Circular arc with tangential Polar radius, polar angle of Page 182
connection to the preceding the arc end point
contour element

Helical interpolation + Combination of a circular and Polar radius, polar angle of Page 183
a linear movement the arc end point, coordinate
of the end point in the tool
axis

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 179

6.5 Path ContoursPolar Coordinates
Zero point for polar coordinates: pole CC
You can define the pole CC anywhere in the part program before
blocks containing polar coordinates. Set the pole in the same way as
you would program the circle center. Y
U Coordinates: Enter Cartesian coordinates for the pole
or, if you want to use the last programmed position,
enter No coordinates. Before programming polar
coordinates, define the pole. You can only define the
pole in Cartesian coordinates. The pole remains in CC
effect until you define a new pole. YCC

Example NC blocks
12 CC X+45 Y+25

X
Straight line LP XCC

The tool moves in a straight line from its current position to the
straight-line end point. The starting point is the end point of the
preceding block. Y
U Polar coordinate radius PR: Enter the distance from
the pole CC to the straight-line end point

30
U Polar coordinate angle PA: Angular position of the
60
straight-line end point between 360 and +360 60
The sign of PA depends on the angle reference axis: 25
CC
If the angle from the angle reference axis to PR is counterclockwise:
PA>0
If the angle from the angle reference axis to PR is clockwise: PA<0

Example NC blocks X
45
12 CC X+45 Y+25
13 LP PR+30 PA+0 RR F300 M3
14 LP PA+60
15 LP IPA+60
16 LP PA+180

180 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.5 Path ContoursPolar Coordinates
Circular path CP around pole CC
The polar coordinate radius PR is also the radius of the arc. PR is defined
by the distance from the starting point to the pole CC. The last
programmed tool position will be the starting point of the arc. Y
U Polar-coordinates angle PA: Angular position of
the arc end point between 99 999.9999 and
+99 999.9999
0
U Direction of rotation DR R2
25
Example NC blocks CC

18 CC X+25 Y+25
19 LP PR+20 PA+0 RR F250 M3
20 CP PA+180 DR+ X
25

For incremental coordinates, enter the same sign for DR

and PA.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 181

6.5 Path ContoursPolar Coordinates
Circular path CTP with tangential connection
The tool moves on a circular path, starting tangentially from a
preceding contour element. Y
U Polar coordinate radius PR: Enter the distance from
are end point to the pole CC
U Polar coordinates angle PA: Angular position of the 120
arc end point

5
0
R3

R2
Example NC blocks 30
35
12 CC X+40 Y+35 CC

13 L X+0 Y+35 RL F250 M3

14 LP PR+25 PA+120
15 CTP PR+30 PA+30
X
16 L Y+0 40

The pole is not the center of the contour arc!

182 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.5 Path ContoursPolar Coordinates
Helical interpolation
A helix is a combination of a circular movement in a main plane and a
linear movement perpendicular to this plane. You program the circular
path in a main plane.
Z
A helix is programmed only in polar coordinates.
Y CC
Application
Large-diameter internal and external threads
X
Lubrication grooves

Calculating the helix

To program a helix, you must enter the total angle through which the
tool is to move on the helix in incremental dimensions, and the total
height of the helix.
For calculating a helix that is to be cut in an upward direction, you need
the following data:
Thread revolutions n Thread revolutions + thread overrun at
thread beginning and end
Total height h Thread pitch P times thread revolutions n
Incremental total Number of revolutions times 360 + angle for
angle IPA beginning of thread + angle for thread
overrun
Starting coordinate Z Pitch P times (thread revolutions + thread
overrun at start of thread)

Shape of the helix

The table below illustrates in which way the shape of the helix is
determined by the work direction, direction of rotation and radius
compensation.

Work Direction of Radius

Internal thread
direction rotation comp.
Right-handed Z+ DR+ RL
Left-handed Z+ DR RR

Right-handed Z DR RR
Left-handed Z DR+ RL

External thread
Right-handed Z+ DR+ RR
Left-handed Z+ DR RL

Right-handed Z DR RL
Left-handed Z DR+ RR

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 183

6.5 Path ContoursPolar Coordinates
Programming a helix

Always enter the same algebraic sign for the direction of

rotation and the incremental total angle IPA. The tool may
otherwise move in a wrong path and damage the contour. Z
For the total angle IPA you can enter a value of Y
-99 999.9999 to +99 999.9999. CC
R3

5
270
U Polar coordinates angle: Enter the total angle of
25 X
tool traverse along the helix in incremental
dimensions. After entering the angle, specify the
tool axis with an axis selection key. 40
U Coordinate: Enter the coordinate for the height of the
helix in incremental dimensions.
U Direction of rotation DR
Clockwise helix: DR
Counterclockwise helix: DR+
U Enter the radius compensation according to the table
above
Example NC blocks: Thread M6 x 1 mm with 5 revolutions

12 CC X+40 Y+25
13 L Z+0 F100 M3
14 LP PR+3 PA+270 RL F50
15 CP IPA-1800 IZ+5 DR-

184 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.5 Path ContoursPolar Coordinates
Example: Linear movement with polar coordinates

Y
100
3
2
60

5
R4
CC
50 1 4

6 5
5

X
5 50 100

0 BEGIN PGM LINEARPO MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20 Definition of workpiece blank
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL CALL 1 Z S4000 Tool call
4 CC X+50 Y+50 Define the datum for polar coordinates
5 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool
6 LP PR+60 PA+180 R0 FMAX Pre-position the tool
7 L Z-5 R0 F1000 M3 Move to working depth
8 APPR PLCT PR+45 PA+180 R5 RL F250 Approach the contour at point 1 on a circular arc with
tangential connection
9 LP PA+120 Move to point 2
10 LP PA+60 Move to point 3
11 LP PA+0 Move to point 4
12 LP PA-60 Move to point 5
13 LP PA-120 Move to point 6
14 LP PA+180 Move to point 1
15 DEP PLCT PR+60 PA+180 R5 F1000 Depart the contour on a circular arc with tangential connection
16 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program
17 END PGM LINEARPO MM

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 185

6.5 Path ContoursPolar Coordinates
Example: Helix

Y
100

M64 x 1,5
CC
50

X
50 100

0 BEGIN PGM HELIX MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20 Definition of workpiece blank
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL CALL 1 Z S1400 Tool call
4 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool
5 L X+50 Y+50 R0 FMAX Pre-position the tool
6 CC Transfer the last programmed position as the pole
7 L Z-12.75 R0 F1000 M3 Move to working depth
8 APPR PCT PR+32 PA-182 CCA180 R+2 RL F100 Approach the contour on a circular arc with tangential connection
9 CP IPA+3240 IZ+13.5 DR+ F200 Helical interpolation
10 DEP CT CCA180 R+2 Depart the contour on a circular arc with tangential connection
11 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program
12 END PGM HELIX MM

186 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.6 Path Contours FK Free Contour Programming (Advanced Programming
Features Software Option)
6.6 Path Contours FK Free
Contour Programming
(Advanced Programming
Features Software Option)
Fundamentals
Workpiece drawings that are not dimensioned for NC often contain
36
unconventional coordinate data that cannot be entered with the gray
path function keys. For example: 88.15

Known coordinates on the contour element or in its proximity

Coordinate data can be referenced to another contour element

28
Y

.5
R2
Directional data and data regarding the course of the contour

18
You can enter such dimensional data directly by using the FK free
X
contour programming function. The TNC derives the contour from the
known coordinate data and supports the programming dialog with the
interactive programming graphics. The figure at upper right shows a

R4
workpiece drawing for which FK programming is the most convenient 45
programming method.

21
20 10 5 0

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 187

6.6 Path Contours FK Free Contour Programming (Advanced Programming
Features Software Option) The following prerequisites for FK programming must
be observed
The FK free contour programming feature can only be
used for programming contour elements that lie in the
working plane. The working plane is defined in the first BLK
FORM block of the part program.
You must enter all available data for every contour
element. Even the data that does not change must be
entered in every blockotherwise it will not be
recognized.
Q parameters are permissible in all FK elements, except in
elements with relative references (e.g. RX or RAN), or in
elements that are referenced to other NC blocks.
If both FK blocks and conventional blocks are entered in a
program, the FK contour must be fully defined before you
can return to conventional programming.
The TNC needs a fixed point from which it can calculate
the contour elements. Use the gray path function keys to
program a position that contains both coordinates of the
working plane immediately before programming the FK
contour. Do not enter any Q parameters in this block.
If the first block of an FK contour is an FCT or FLT block, you
must program at least two NC blocks with the gray path
function keys to fully define the direction of contour
approach.
Do not program an FK contour immediately after an LBL
command.

188 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.6 Path Contours FK Free Contour Programming (Advanced Programming
Features Software Option)
Graphics during FK programming

If you wish to use graphic support during FK

programming, select the PROGRAM + GRAPHICS screen
layout (see Programming and Editing on page 61).

Incomplete coordinate data often are not sufficient to fully define a

workpiece contour. In this case, the TNC indicates the possible
solutions in the FK graphic. You can then select the contour that
matches the drawing. The FK graphic displays the elements of the
workpiece contour in different colors:
Blue The contour element is fully defined
Green The entered data describe a limited number of possible
solutions: select the correct one
Red The entered data are not sufficient to determine the
contour element: enter further data

If the entered data permit a limited number of possible solutions and

the contour element is displayed in green, select the correct contour
element as follows:
U Press the SHOW SOLUTION soft key repeatedly until
the correct contour element is displayed. Use the
zoom function (2nd soft-key row) if you cannot
distinguish possible solutions in the standard setting
U If the displayed contour element matches the
drawing, select the contour element with SELECT
SOLUTION
If you do not yet wish to select a green contour element, press the
EDIT soft key to continue the FK dialog.

Select the green contour elements as soon as possible

with the SELECT SOLUTION soft key. This way you can
reduce the ambiguity of subsequent elements.
The machine tool builder may use other colors for the FK
graphics.
NC blocks from a program that you called with PGM CALL
are displayed in another color.

Show block number in graphic window

To show a block number in the graphic window:
U Set the SHOW OMIT BLOCK NR. soft key to SHOW
(soft-key row 3)

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 189

6.6 Path Contours FK Free Contour Programming (Advanced Programming
Features Software Option) Initiating the FK dialog
If you press the gray FK button, the TNC displays the soft keys you can
use to initiate an FK dialogsee the following table. Press the FK
button a second time to deselect the soft keys.
If you initiate the FK dialog with one of these soft keys, the TNC shows
additional soft-key rows that you can use for entering known
coordinates, directional data and data regarding the course of the
contour.

FK element Soft key

Straight line with tangential connection

Straight line without tangential connection

Circular arc with tangential connection

Circular arc without tangential connection

Pole for FK programming

190 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.6 Path Contours FK Free Contour Programming (Advanced Programming
Features Software Option)
Pole for FK programming
U To display the soft keys for free contour programming,
press the FK key
U To initiate the dialog for defining the pole, press the
FPOL soft key. The TNC then displays the axis soft
keys of the active working plane
U Enter the pole coordinates using these soft keys

The pole for FK programming remains active until you

define a new one using FPOL.

Free programming of straight lines

Straight line without tangential connection
U To display the soft keys for free contour programming,
press the FK key
U To initiate the dialog for free programming of straight
lines, press the FL soft key. The TNC displays
additional soft keys
U Enter all known data in the block by using these soft
keys. The FK graphic displays the programmed
contour element in red until sufficient data is entered.
If the entered data describes several solutions, the
graphic will display the contour element in green (see
"Graphics during FK programming", page 189).

Straight line with tangential connection

If the straight line connects tangentially to another contour element,
initiate the dialog with the FLT soft key:
U To display the soft keys for free contour programming,
press the FK key
U To initiate the dialog, press the FLT soft key.
U Enter all known data in the block by using the soft
keys

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 191

6.6 Path Contours FK Free Contour Programming (Advanced Programming
Features Software Option) Free programming of circular arcs
Circular arc without tangential connection
U To display the soft keys for free contour programming,
press the FK key
U To initiate the dialog for free programming of circular
arcs, press the FC soft key. The TNC displays soft
keys with which you can directly enter data on the
circular arc or the circle center.
U Enter all known data in the block by using these soft
keys. The FK graphic displays the programmed
contour element in red until sufficient data is entered.
If the entered data describes several solutions, the
graphic will display the contour element in green (see
"Graphics during FK programming", page 189).

Circular arc with tangential connection

If the circular arc connects tangentially to another contour element,
initiate the dialog with the FCT soft key:
U To display the soft keys for free contour programming,
press the FK key
U To initiate the dialog, press the FCT soft key
U Enter all known data in the block by using the soft
keys

192 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.6 Path Contours FK Free Contour Programming (Advanced Programming
Features Software Option)
Input possibilities
End point coordinates

Known data Soft keys

Y
Cartesian coordinates X and Y

R15
30
Polar coordinates referenced to FPOL 30

20
Example NC blocks

7 FPOL X+20 Y+30

8 FL IX+10 Y+20 RR F100
9 FCT PR+15 IPA+30 DR+ R15
10 X
20

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 193

6.6 Path Contours FK Free Contour Programming (Advanced Programming
Features Software Option) Direction and length of contour elements

Known data Soft keys

Length of a straight line Y

Gradient angle of a straight line IAN

AN
Chord length LEN of an arc LEN
0

Gradient angle AN of an entry tangent

Center angle of an arc X

Caution: Danger to the workpiece and tool!

Gradient angles that you defined incrementally (IAN) are
referenced to the direction of the last positioning block by Y
the TNC. Programs that contain incremental gradient
angles and were created on an iTNC 530 or on earlier
TNCs are not compatible.
10

R6
Example NC blocks .5
12

R1
35

5
27 FLT X+25 LEN 12.5 AN+35 RL F200
15
28 FC DR+ R6 LEN10 AN-45
29 FCT DR- R15 LEN 15 45

X
25

194 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.6 Path Contours FK Free Contour Programming (Advanced Programming
Features Software Option)
Circle center CC, radius and direction of rotation in the FC/FCT
block
The TNC calculates a circle center for free-programmed arcs from the
data you enter. This makes it possible to program full circles in an FK Y
program block.
If you wish to define the circle center in polar coordinates you must
use FPOL, not CC, to define the pole. FPOL is entered in Cartesian
coordinates and remains in effect until the control encounters a block
in which another FPOL is defined. 5
R3
A circle center that was calculated or programmed 40
FPOL
conventionally is then no longer valid as a pole or circle 15
CC
center for the new FK contour. If you enter conventional
polar coordinates that refer to a pole from a CC block you
have defined previously, then you must enter the pole
again in a CC block after the FK contour. X
20
Known data Soft keys
Circle center in Cartesian coordinates

Circle center in polar coordinates

Rotational direction of an arc

Radius of an arc

Example NC blocks

10 FC CCX+20 CCY+15 DR+ R15

11 FPOL X+20 Y+15
12 FL AN+40
13 FC DR+ R15 CCPR+35 CCPA+40

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 195

6.6 Path Contours FK Free Contour Programming (Advanced Programming
Features Software Option) Closed contours
You can identify the beginning and end of a closed contour with the
CLSD soft key. This reduces the number of possible solutions for the
last contour element. Y
Enter CLSD as an addition to another contour data entry in the first and
last blocks of an FK section.

Beginning of contour: CLSD+ CLSD+

End of contour: CLSD
Example NC blocks

12 L X+5 Y+35 RL F500 M3

13 FC DR- R15 CLSD+ CCX+20 CCY+35 CLSD

... X
17 FCT DR- R+15 CLSD-

196 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.6 Path Contours FK Free Contour Programming (Advanced Programming
Features Software Option)
Auxiliary points
For both free-programmed straight lines and free-programmed circular
arcs, you can enter the coordinates of auxiliary points that are located
on the contour or in its proximity.

Auxiliary points on a contour

The auxiliary points are located on a straight line, the extension of a
straight line, or on a circular arc.
Y
Known data Soft keys
60.071 R10
X coordinate of an auxiliary
53
point
P1 or P2 of a straight line
70
Y coordinate of an auxiliary
point
P1 or P2 of a straight line

X coordinate of an auxiliary
point
P1, P2 or P3 of a circular arc X
50
42.929
Y coordinate of an auxiliary
point
P1, P2 or P3 of a circular arc

Auxiliary points near a contour

Known data Soft keys
X and Y coordinates of an auxiliary point near
a straight line

Distance of auxiliary point to straight line

X and Y coordinates of an auxiliary point near

a circular arc

Distance of auxiliary point to circular arc

Example NC blocks

13 FC DR- R10 P1X+42.929 P1Y+60.071

14 FLT AN-70 PDX+50 PDY+53 D10

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 197

6.6 Path Contours FK Free Contour Programming (Advanced Programming
Features Software Option) Relative data
Data whose values are based on another contour element are called
relative data. The soft keys and program words for entries begin with
the letter R for Relative. The figure at right shows the entries that Y
should be programmed as relative data.

The coordinates and angles for relative data are always 20

programmed in incremental dimensions. You must also
enter the block number of the contour element on which 20 45
the data are based. 90

R20
20
The block number of the contour element on which the 10
relative data are based can only be located up to 64 FPOL
positioning blocks before the block in which you program
the reference. 35 X
If you delete a block on which relative data are based, the 10
TNC will display an error message. Change the program
first before you delete the block.

Data relative to block N: End point coordinates

Known data Soft keys
Cartesian Coordinates
relative to block N

Polar coordinates relative to block N

Example NC blocks

12 FPOL X+10 Y+10

13 FL PR+20 PA+20
14 FL AN+45
15 FCT IX+20 DR- R20 CCA+90 RX 13
16 FL IPR+35 PA+0 RPR 13

198 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.6 Path Contours FK Free Contour Programming (Advanced Programming
Features Software Option)
Data relative to block N: Direction and distance of the contour
element

Known data Soft key

Angle between a straight line and another element or Y
between the entry tangent of the arc and another
element

Straight line parallel to another contour element

220

95

20
Distance from a straight line to a parallel contour

12.5
element

105 15
Example NC blocks
12.5 X
17 FL LEN 20 AN+15
20
18 FL AN+105 LEN 12.5
19 FL PAR 17 DP 12.5
20 FSELECT 2
21 FL LEN 20 IAN+95
22 FL IAN+220 RAN 18

Data relative to block N: Circle center CC

Known data Soft key

Y
Cartesian coordinates of the circle center
relative to block N
20
Polar coordinates of the circle center 35
relative to block N

15
R10
Example NC blocks
CC
12 FL X+10 Y+10 RL 10
13 FL ...
14 FL X+18 Y+35
15 FL ... X
10 18
16 FL ...
17 FC DR- R10 CCA+0 ICCX+20 ICCY-15 RCCX12 RCCY14

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 199

6.6 Path Contours FK Free Contour Programming (Advanced Programming
Features Software Option)
Example: FK programming 1

Y
100

R1
5
75

R18
30
R15
20

X
20 50 75 100

0 BEGIN PGM FK1 MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20 Definition of workpiece blank
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL CALL 1 Z S500 Tool call
4 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool
5 L X-20 Y+30 R0 FMAX Pre-position the tool
6 L Z-10 R0 F1000 M3 Move to working depth
7 APPR CT X+2 Y+30 CCA90 R+5 RL F250 Approach the contour on a circular arc with tangential connection
8 FC DR- R18 CLSD+ CCX+20 CCY+30 FK contour section:
9 FLT Program all known data for each contour element
10 FCT DR- R15 CCX+50 CCY+75
11 FLT
12 FCT DR- R15 CCX+75 CCY+20
13 FLT
14 FCT DR- R18 CLSD- CCX+20 CCY+30
15 DEP CT CCA90 R+5 F1000 Depart the contour on a circular arc with tangential connection
16 L X-30 Y+0 R0 FMAX
17 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program
18 END PGM FK1 MM

200 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.6 Path Contours FK Free Contour Programming (Advanced Programming
Features Software Option)
Example: FK programming 2

10
Y 10

R20

55
R30 60
30

X
30

0 BEGIN PGM FK2 MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20 Definition of workpiece blank
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL CALL 1 Z S4000 Tool call
4 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool
5 L X+30 Y+30 R0 FMAX Pre-position the tool
6 L Z+5 R0 FMAX M3 Pre-position the tool in the tool axis
7 L Z-5 R0 F100 Move to working depth

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 201

6.6 Path Contours FK Free Contour Programming (Advanced Programming
Features Software Option) 8 APPR LCT X+0 Y+30 R5 RR F350 Approach the contour on a circular arc with tangential connection
9 FPOL X+30 Y+30 FK contour section:
10 FC DR- R30 CCX+30 CCY+30 Program all known data for each contour element
11 FL AN+60 PDX+30 PDY+30 D10
12 FSELECT 3
13 FC DR- R20 CCPR+55 CCPA+60
14 FSELECT 2
15 FL AN-120 PDX+30 PDY+30 D10
16 FSELECT 3
17 FC X+0 DR- R30 CCX+30 CCY+30
18 FSELECT 2
19 DEP LCT X+30 Y+30 R5 Depart the contour on a circular arc with tangential connection
20 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program
21 END PGM FK2 MM

202 Programming: Programming Contours

 6.6 Path Contours FK Free Contour Programming (Advanced Programming
Features Software Option)
Example: FK programming 3

Y
R1
0
50

R36
R24
R1,5

R5

30
R6
R6 R5 X
-10

0
R4

R65
-25

R5
0
12 44 65 110

0 BEGIN PGM FK3 MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X-45 Y-45 Z-20 Definition of workpiece blank
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+120 Y+70 Z+0
3 TOOL CALL 1 Z S4500 Tool call
4 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool
5 L X-70 Y+0 R0 FMAX Pre-position the tool
6 L Z-5 R0 F1000 M3 Move to working depth

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 203

6.6 Path Contours FK Free Contour Programming (Advanced Programming
Features Software Option) 7 APPR CT X-40 Y+0 CCA90 R+5 RL F250 Approach the contour on a circular arc with tangential connection
8 FC DR- R40 CCX+0 CCY+0 FK contour section:
9 FLT Program all known data for each contour element
10 FCT DR- R10 CCX+0 CCY+50
11 FLT
12 FCT DR+ R6 CCX+0 CCY+0
13 FCT DR+ R24
14 FCT DR+ R6 CCX+12 CCY+0
15 FSELECT 2
16 FCT DR- R1.5
17 FCT DR- R36 CCX+44 CCY-10
18 FSELECT 2
19 FCT DR+ R5
20 FLT X+110 Y+15 AN+0
21 FL AN-90
22 FL X+65 AN+180 PAR21 DP30
23 RND R5
24 FL X+65 Y-25 AN-90
25 FC DR+ R50 CCX+65 CCY-75
26 FCT DR- R65
27 FSELECT 1
28 FCT Y+0 DR- R40 CCX+0 CCY+0
29 FSELECT 4
30 DEP CT CCA90 R+5 F1000 Depart the contour on a circular arc with tangential connection
31 L X-70 R0 FMAX
32 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program
33 END PGM FK3 MM

204 Programming: Programming Contours

 Programming:
Subprograms and
Program Section
Repeats

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 205

7.1 Labeling Subprograms and Program Section Repeats
7.1 Labeling Subprograms and
Program Section Repeats
Subprograms and program section repeats enable you to program a
machining sequence once and then run it as often as desired.

Labels
The beginnings of subprograms and program section repeats are
marked in a part program by labels (LBL).
A LABEL is identified by a number between 1 and 999 or by a name
you define. Each LABEL number or LABEL name can be set only once
in the program with the LABEL SET. The number of label names you
can enter is only limited by the internal memory.

Do not use a label number or label name more than once!

Label 0 (LBL 0) is used exclusively to mark the end of a subprogram

and can therefore be used as often as desired.

206 Programming: Subprograms and Program Section Repeats

 7.2 Subprograms
7.2 Subprograms
Operating sequence
1 The TNC executes the part program up to the block in which a
subprogram is called with CALL LBL
2 The subprogram is then executed from beginning to end. The
subprogram end is marked LBL 0
3 The TNC then resumes the part program from the block after the
subprogram call CALL LBL

Programming notes
A main program can contain up to 254 subprograms
You can call subprograms in any sequence and as often as desired
A subprogram cannot call itself
Write subprograms at the end of the main program (behind the block
with M2 or M30)
If subprograms are located before the block with M2 or M30, they
will be executed at least once even if they are not called

Programming a subprogram
U To mark the beginning, press the LBL SET key
U Enter the subprogram number. If you want to use a
label name, press the LBL NAME soft key to switch
to text entry
U To mark the end, press the LBL SET key and enter the
label number 0

Calling a subprogram
U To call a subprogram, press the LBL CALL key
U Label number: Enter the label number of the
subprogram you wish to call. If you want to use a label
name, press the LBL NAME soft key to switch to text
entry
U Repeat REP: Ignore the dialog question with the NO
ENT key. Repeat REP is used only for program
section repeats

CALL LBL 0 is not permitted (Label 0 is only used to mark

the end of a subprogram).

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 207

7.3 Program Section Repeats
7.3 Program Section Repeats
Label LBL
The beginning of a program section repeat is marked by the label LBL.
The end of a program section repeat is identified by CALL LBL n REPn.
0 BEGIN PGM ...
Operating sequence 1

1 The TNC executes the part program up to the end of the program LBL1
section (CALL LBL n REPn)
2 R 2/1 R 2/2
2 Then the program section between the called LBL CALL LBL n REPn
is repeated the number of times entered after REP
3 The TNC then resumes the part program after the last repetition
CALL LBL 1 REP 2
3
Programming notes
END PGM ...
You can repeat a program section up to 65 534 times in succession
The total number of times the program section is executed is always
one more than the programmed number of repeats

Programming a program section repeat

U To mark the beginning, press the LBL SET key and
enter a LABEL NUMBER for the program section you
wish to repeat. If you want to use a label name, press
the LBL NAME soft key to switch to text entry
U Enter the program section

Calling a program section repeat

U Press the LBL CALL key
U To call subprograms/section repeats: Enter the
label number of the subprogram to be called, then
confirm with the ENT key. If you want to use a label
name, press the key to switch to text entry
U Repeat REP: Enter the number of repeats, then
confirm with the ENT key

208 Programming: Subprograms and Program Section Repeats

 7.4 Separate Program as Subprogram
7.4 Separate Program as
Subprogram
Operating sequence
1 The TNC executes the part program up to the block in which
another program is called with CALL PGM
2 Then the other program is run from beginning to end
3 The TNC then resumes the first (calling) part program with the 0 BEGIN PGM A 0 BEGIN PGM B
block after the program call
1 S
Programming notes 2
CALL PGM B
No labels are needed to call any program as a subprogram 3
The called program must not contain the miscellaneous functions R
M2 or M30. If you have defined subprograms with labels in the END PGM A END PGM B
called program, you can then use M2 or M30 with the FN 9: IF +0
EQU +0 GOTO LBL 99 jump function to force a jump over this program
section
The called program must not contain a CALL PGM call into the calling
program, otherwise an infinite loop will result

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 209

7.4 Separate Program as Subprogram
Calling any program as a subprogram
U To select the functions for program call, press the
PGM CALL key
U Press the PROGRAM soft key for the TNC to start the
dialog for defining the program to be called. Use the
screen keyboard to enter the path name (GOTO key),
or
U press the PROGRAM soft key for the TNC to display a
selection window in which you can select the
program to be called. Confirm with the END key.

You need only enter the program name if the program you
want to call is located in the same directory as the program
you are calling it from.
If the called program is not located in the same directory
as the program you are calling it from, you must enter the
complete path, e.g. TNC:\ZW35\SCHRUPP\PGM1.H
If you want to call a DIN/ISO program, enter the file type .I
after the program name.
You can also call a program with 12 PGM CALL.
As a rule, Q parameters are effective globally with a PGM
CALL. So please note that changes to Q parameters in the
called program can also influence the calling program.

210 Programming: Subprograms and Program Section Repeats

 7.5 Nesting
7.5 Nesting
Types of nesting
Subprograms within a subprogram
Program section repeats within a program section repeat
Subprograms repeated
Program section repeats within a subprogram

Nesting depth
The nesting depth is the number of successive levels in which
program sections or subprograms can call further program sections or
subprograms.
Maximum nesting depth for subprograms: 8
Maximum nesting depth for main program calls: 6, where a
CYCL CALL acts like a main program call
You can nest program section repeats as often as desired

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 211

7.5 Nesting
Subprogram within a subprogram
Example NC blocks
0 BEGIN PGM SUBPGMS MM
...
17 CALL LBL SP1 Call the subprogram marked with LBL SP1
...
35 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2 Last program block of the
main program (with M2)
36 LBL SP1 Beginning of subprogram SP1
...
39 CALL LBL 2 Call the subprogram marked with LBL 2
...
45 LBL 0 End of subprogram 1
46 LBL 2 Beginning of subprogram 2
...
62 LBL 0 End of subprogram 2
63 END PGM SUBPGMS MM

Program execution
1 Main program SUBPGMS is executed up to block 17
2 Subprogram SP1 is called, and executed up to block 39
3 Subprogram 2 is called, and executed up to block 62. End of
subprogram 2 and return jump to the subprogram from which it
was called
4 Subprogram 1 is executed from block 40 up to block 45. End of
subprogram 1 and return jump to the main program SUBPGMS
5 Main program SUBPGMS is executed from block 18 up to block
35. Return jump to block 1 and end of program

212 Programming: Subprograms and Program Section Repeats

 7.5 Nesting
Repeating program section repeats
Example NC blocks
0 BEGIN PGM REPS MM
...
15 LBL 1 Beginning of program section repeat 1
...
20 LBL 2 Beginning of program section repeat 2
...
27 CALL LBL 2 REP 2 The program section between LBL 2 and this block
... (block 20) is repeated twice
35 CALL LBL 1 REP 1 The program section between LBL 1 and this block
... (block 15) is repeated once
50 END PGM REPS MM

Program execution
1 Main program REPS is executed up to block 27
2 Program section between block 20 and block 27 is repeated twice
3 Main program REPS is executed from block 28 to block 35
4 Program section between block 15 and block 35 is repeated once
(including the program section repeat between 20 and block 27)
5 Main program REPS is executed from block 36 to block 50 (end of
program)

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 213

7.5 Nesting
Repeating a subprogram
Example NC blocks
0 BEGIN PGM SUBPGREP MM
...
10 LBL 1 Beginning of program section repeat 1
11 CALL LBL 2 Subprogram call
12 CALL LBL 1 REP 2 The program section between LBL 1 and this block
... (block 10) is repeated twice
19 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2 Last block of the main program with M2
20 LBL 2 Beginning of subprogram
...
28 LBL 0 End of subprogram
29 END PGM SUBPRGREP MM

Program execution
1 Main program UPGREP is executed up to block 11
2 Subprogram 2 is called and executed.
3 Program section between block 10 and block 12 is repeated twice.
Subprogram 2 is repeated twice.
4 Main program SPGREP is executed from block 13 to block 19. End
of program.

214 Programming: Subprograms and Program Section Repeats

 7.6 Programming Examples
7.6 Programming Examples

Example: Milling a contour in several infeeds

Program sequence
Pre-position the tool to the workpiece surface
Enter the infeed depth in incremental values Y
Contour milling
100
Repeat downfeed and contour-milling

R1
5
75

R18
30
R15
20

X
20 50 75 100

0 BEGIN PGM PGMWDH MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-40
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL CALL 1 Z S500 Tool call
4 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool
5 L X-20 Y+30 R0 FMAX Pre-position in the working plane
6 L Z+0 R0 FMAX M3 Pre-position to the workpiece surface

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 215

7.6 Programming Examples
7 LBL 1 Set label for program section repeat
8 L IZ-4 R0 FMAX Infeed depth in incremental values (in space)
9 APPR CT X+2 Y+30 CCA90 R+5 RL F250 Contour approach
10 FC DR- R18 CLSD+ CCX+20 CCY+30 Contour
11 FLT
12 FCT DR- R15 CCX+50 CCY+75
13 FLT
14 FCT DR- R15 CCX+75 CCY+20
15 FLT
16 FCT DR- R18 CLSD- CCX+20 CCY+30
17 DEP CT CCA90 R+5 F1000 Contour departure
18 L X-20 Y+0 R0 FMAX Retract tool
19 CALL LBL 1 REP 4 Return jump to LBL 1; section is repeated a total of 4 times.
20 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program
21 END PGM PGMWDH MM

216 Programming: Subprograms and Program Section Repeats

 7.6 Programming Examples
Example: Groups of holes

Program sequence
Approach the groups of holes in the main
program Y
Call the group of holes (subprogram 1)
100
Program the group of holes only once in
subprogram 1

2
60

5
20

1 3

20
10

X
15 45 75 100

0 BEGIN PGM SP1 MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL CALL 1 Z S5000 Tool call
4 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool
5 CYCL DEF 200 DRILLING Cycle definition: drilling
Q200=2 ;SETUP CLEARANCE
Q201=-10 ;DEPTH
Q206=250 ;FEED RATE FOR PLNGN
Q202=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
Q210=0 ;DWELL TIME AT TOP
Q203=+0 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=10 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q211=0.25 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 217

7.6 Programming Examples
6 L X+15 Y+10 R0 FMAX M3 Move to starting point for group 1
7 CALL LBL 1 Call the subprogram for the group
8 L X+45 Y+60 R0 FMAX Move to starting point for group 2
9 CALL LBL 1 Call the subprogram for the group
10 L X+75 Y+10 R0 FMAX Move to starting point for group 3
11 CALL LBL 1 Call the subprogram for the group
12 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 End of main program
13 LBL 1 Beginning of subprogram 1: Group of holes
14 CYCL CALL Hole 1
15 L IX+20 R0 FMAX M99 Move to 2nd hole, call cycle
16 L IY+20 R0 FMAX M99 Move to 3rd hole, call cycle
17 L IX-20 R0 FMAX M99 Move to 4th hole, call cycle
18 LBL 0 End of subprogram 1
19 END PGM SP1 MM

218 Programming: Subprograms and Program Section Repeats

 7.6 Programming Examples
Example: Group of holes with several tools

Program sequence
Program the fixed cycles in the main program
Y Y
Call the entire hole pattern (subprogram 1)
Approach the groups of holes in subprogram 1, 100
call group of holes (subprogram 2)
Program the group of holes only once in
subprogram 2 2
60

5
20

1 3

20
10

X Z
15 45 75 100 -15

-20

0 BEGIN PGM SP2 MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL CALL 1 Z S5000 Call tool: center drill
4 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool
5 CYCL DEF 200 DRILLING Cycle definition: CENTERING
Q200=2 ;SETUP CLEARANCE
Q202=-3 ;DEPTH
Q206=250 ;FEED RATE FOR PLNGN
Q202=3 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
Q210=0 ;DWELL TIME AT TOP
Q203=+0 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=10 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q211=0.25 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH
6 CALL LBL 1 Call subprogram 1 for the entire hole pattern

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 219

7.6 Programming Examples
7 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M6 Tool change
8 TOOL CALL 2 Z S4000 Call tool: drill
9 FN 0: Q201 = -25 New depth for drilling
10 FN 0: Q202 = +5 New plunging depth for drilling
11 CALL LBL 1 Call subprogram 1 for the entire hole pattern
12 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M6 Tool change
13 TOOL CALL 3 Z S500 Call tool: reamer
14 CYCL DEF 201 REAMING Cycle definition: REAMING
Q200=2 ;SETUP CLEARANCE
Q201=-15 ;DEPTH
Q206=250 ;FEED RATE FOR PLNGN
Q211=0.5 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH
Q208=400 ;RETRACTION FEED RATE
Q203=+0 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=10 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
15 CALL LBL 1 Call subprogram 1 for the entire hole pattern
16 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 End of main program

17 LBL 1 Beginning of subprogram 1: Entire hole pattern

18 L X+15 Y+10 R0 FMAX M3 Move to starting point for group 1
19 CALL LBL 2 Call subprogram 2 for the group
20 L X+45 Y+60 R0 FMAX Move to starting point for group 2
21 CALL LBL 2 Call subprogram 2 for the group
22 L X+75 Y+10 R0 FMAX Move to starting point for group 3
23 CALL LBL 2 Call subprogram 2 for the group
24 LBL 0 End of subprogram 1

25 LBL 2 Beginning of subprogram 2: Group of holes

26 CYCL CALL 1st hole with active fixed cycle
27 L IX+20 R0 FMAX M99 Move to 2nd hole, call cycle
28 L IY+20 R0 FMAX M99 Move to 3rd hole, call cycle
29 L IX-20 R0 FMAX M99 Move to 4th hole, call cycle
30 LBL 0 End of subprogram 2
31 END PGM SP2 MM

220 Programming: Subprograms and Program Section Repeats

Programming:
Q Parameters
8.1 Principle and Overview
8.1 Principle and Overview
You can program entire families of parts in a single part program. You
do this by entering variables called Q parameters instead of fixed
numerical values.
Q parameters can represent information such as:
Q6
Coordinate values
Feed rates
Q1 Q3
Spindle speeds
Cycle data Q4
Q2
Q parameters also enable you to program contours that are defined
with mathematical functions. You can also use Q parameters to make
the execution of machining steps depend on logical conditions. In Q5
conjunction with FK programming you can also combine contours that
do not have NC-compatible dimensions with Q parameters.

222 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.1 Principle and Overview
Q parameters are designated by letters and a number between 0 and
1999. Parameters that take effect in different manners are available.
Please refer to the following table:

Meaning Range
Freely applicable parameters, as long as no Q0 to Q99
overlapping with SL cycles can occur, globally
effective for all programs stored in the TNC
memory

Parameters for special TNC functions Q100 to Q199

Parameters that are primarily used for cycles, Q200 to Q1199

globally effective for all programs stored in the
TNC memory

Parameters that are primarily used for OEM Q1200 to Q1399

cycles, globally effective for all programs stored
in the TNC memory. This may require
coordination with the machine manufacturer or
supplier.

Parameters that are primarily used for Q1400 to Q1499

call-active OEM cycles, globally effective for all
programs that are stored in the TNC memory

Parameters that are primarily used for Q1500 to Q1599

Def-active OEM cycles, globally effective for all
programs that are stored in the TNC memory

Freely applicable parameters, globally effective Q1600 to Q1999

for all programs stored in the TNC memory

QS parameters (the S stands for string) are also available on the TNC
and enable you to process texts. In principle, the same ranges are
available for QS parameters as for Q parameters (see table above).

Note that for the QS parameters the QS100 to QS199 range

is reserved for internal texts.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 223

8.1 Principle and Overview
Programming notes
You can mix Q parameters and fixed numerical values within a
program.
Q parameters can be assigned numerical values between
-999 999 999 and +999 999 999, meaning that up to nine digits plus
the algebraic sign are permitted. You can set the decimal point at any
position. Internally, the TNC can calculate up to a range of 57 bits
before and 7 bits after the decimal point (32-bit data width
corresponds to a decimal value of 4 294 967 296).
You can assign a maximum of 254 characters to QS parameters.

Some Q and QS parameters are always assigned the

same data by the TNC. For example, Q108 is always
assigned the current tool radius (see "Preassigned Q
Parameters", page 282).

224 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.1 Principle and Overview
Calling Q-parameter functions
When you are writing a part program, press the Q key (in the
numeric keypad for numerical input and axis selection, below the +/
key). The TNC then displays the following soft keys:

Function group Soft key Page

Basic arithmetic (assign, add, subtract, Page 227
multiply, divide, square root)

Trigonometric functions Page 229

Function for calculating circles Page 231

If/then conditions, jumps Page 232

Other functions Page 235

Entering formulas directly Page 269

Function for machining complex See Users

contours Manual for
Cycles

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 225

8.2 Part FamiliesQ Parameters in Place of Numerical Values
8.2 Part FamiliesQ Parameters in
Place of Numerical Values
Function
The Q parameter function FN 0: ASSIGN assigns numerical values to
Q parameters. This enables you to use variables in the program
instead of fixed numerical values.

Example NC blocks
15 FN O: Q10=25 Assign
... Q10 is assigned the
value 25
25 L X +Q10 Means L X +25

You need write only one program for a whole family of parts, entering
the characteristic dimensions as Q parameters.
To program a particular part, you then assign the appropriate values to
the individual Q parameters.

Example
Cylinder with Q parameters
Cylinder radius R = Q1
Cylinder height H = Q2 Q1
Cylinder Z1 Q1 = +30
Q2 = +10
Cylinder Z2 Q1 = +10
Q2 = +50 Q1

Q2 Z2

Q2
Z1

226 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.3 Describing Contours through Mathematical Operations
8.3 Describing Contours through
Mathematical Operations
Application
The Q parameters listed below enable you to program basic
mathematical functions in a part program:
U Select a Q parameter function: Press the Q key (in the numerical
keypad at right). The Q parameter functions are displayed in a
soft-key row
U To select the mathematical functions, press the BASIC
ARITHMETIC soft key. The TNC then displays the following soft
keys:

Overview

Function Soft key

FN 0: ASSIGN
Example: FN 0: Q5 = +60
Assigns a numerical value.

FN 1: ADDITION
Example: FN 1: Q1 = -Q2 + -5
Calculates and assigns the sum of two values.

FN 2: SUBTRACTION
Example: FN 2: Q1 = +10 - +5
Calculates and assigns the difference of two values.

FN 3: MULTIPLICATION
Example: FN 3: Q2 = +3 * +3
Calculates and assigns the product of two values.

FN 4: DIVISION
Example: FN 4: Q4 = +8 DIV +Q2
Calculates and assigns the quotient of two values.
Not permitted: Division by 0

FN 5: SQUARE ROOT
Example: FN 5: Q20 = SQRT 4
Calculates and assigns the square root of a number.
Not permitted: Calculating the square root of a
negative value!

To the right of the = character you can enter the following:

Two numbers
Two Q parameters
A number and a Q parameter
The Q parameters and numerical values in the equations can be
entered with positive or negative signs.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 227

8.3 Describing Contours through Mathematical Operations
Programming fundamental operations
Example: Example: Program blocks in the TNC

16 FN 0: Q5 = +10
Call the Q parameter functions by pressing the Q key
17 FN 3: Q12 = +Q5 * +7

To select the mathematical functions, press the

BASIC ARITHMETIC soft key

To select the Q parameter function ASSIGN, press

the FN0 X = Y soft key

PARAMETER NO. FOR RESULT?

5 Enter the number of the Q parameter, e.g. 5

1ST VALUE OR PARAMETER?

10 Assign the value 10 to Q5

Call the Q parameter functions by pressing the Q key

To select the mathematical functions, press the

BASIC ARITHMETIC soft key

To select the Q parameter function

MULTIPLICATION, press the FN3 X * Y soft key

PARAMETER NO. FOR RESULT?

12 Enter the number of the Q parameter, e.g. 12

1ST VALUE OR PARAMETER?

Q5 Enter Q5 for the first value

2ND VALUE OR PARAMETER?

7 Enter 7 for the second value

228 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.4 Trigonometric Functions
8.4 Trigonometric Functions
Definitions
Sine, cosine and tangent are terms designating the ratios of sides of
right triangles. In this case:
Sine: sin = a / c
Cosine: cos = b / c
Tangent: tan = a / b = sin / cos

where c
a
c is the side opposite the right angle

a is the side opposite the angle
b
b is the third side.
The TNC can find the angle from the tangent:
= arc tan (a / b) = arc tan (sin / cos )

Example:
a = 25 mm
b = 50 mm
= arctan (a / b) = arctan 0.5 = 26.57
Furthermore:
a + b = c (where a = a x a)
c = (a + b)

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 229

8.4 Trigonometric Functions
Programming trigonometric functions
Press the ANGLE FUNCTION soft key to call the angle functions. The
TNC then displays the following soft keys:
Programming: Compare Example: Programming fundamental
operations.

Function Soft key

FN 6: SINE
Example: FN 6: Q20 = SIN-Q5
Calculates and assigns the sine of an angle in
degrees ()

FN 7: COSINE
Example: FN 7: Q21 = COS-Q5
Calculates and assigns the cosine of an angle in
degrees ()

FN 8: ROOT SUM OF SQUARES

Example: FN 8: Q10 = +5 LEN +4
Calculates and assigns length from two values.

FN 13: ANGLE
Example: FN 13: Q20 = +25 ANG-Q1
Calculates the angle from the arc tangent of two sides
or from the sine and cosine of the angle (0 < angle <
360) and assigns it to a parameter.

230 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.5 Circle Calculations
8.5 Circle Calculations
Application
The TNC can use the functions for calculating circles to calculate the
circle center and the circle radius from three or four given points on the
circle. The calculation is more accurate if four points are used.
Application: These functions can be used if you wish to determine the
location and size of a hole or a pitch circle using the programmable
probing function.

Function Soft key

FN 23: Determining the CIRCLE DATA from three
points
Example: FN 23: Q20 = CDATA Q30

The coordinate pairs of three points on a circle must be saved in Q30

and the following five parametersin this case, up to Q35.
The TNC then saves the circle center of the reference axis (X if spindle
axis is Z) in parameter Q20, the circle center in the minor axis (Y if
spindle axis is Z) in parameter Q21, and the circle radius in parameter
Q22.

Function Soft key

FN 24: Determining the CIRCLE DATA from four
points
Example: FN 24: Q20 = CDATA Q30

The coordinate pairs of four points on a circle must be saved in Q30

and the following seven parametersin this case, up to Q37.
The TNC then saves the circle center of the reference axis (X if spindle
axis is Z) in parameter Q20, the circle center in the minor axis (Y if
spindle axis is Z) in parameter Q21, and the circle radius in parameter
Q22.

Note that FN 23 and FN 24 automatically overwrite the

resulting parameter and the two following parameters.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 231

8.6 If-Then Decisions with Q Parameters
8.6 If-Then Decisions with
Q Parameters
Application
The TNC can make logical If-Then decisions by comparing a
Q parameter with another Q parameter or with a numerical value. If
the condition is fulfilled, the TNC continues the program at the label
that is programmed after the condition (for information on labels, see
"Labeling Subprograms and Program Section Repeats", page 206). If it
is not fulfilled, the TNC continues with the next block.
To call another program as a subprogram, enter a PGM CALL program
call after the block with the target label.

Unconditional jumps
An unconditional jump is programmed by entering a conditional jump
whose condition is always true. Example:
FN 9: IF+10 EQU+10 GOTO LBL1

Programming If-Then decisions

Press the JUMP soft key to call the If-Then conditions. The TNC then
displays the following soft keys:

Function Soft key

FN 9: IF EQUAL, JUMP
Example: FN 9: IF +Q1 EQU +Q3 GOTO LBL UPCAN25
If the two values or parameters are equal, jump to the
given label.

FN 10: IF UNEQUAL, JUMP

Example: FN 10: IF +10 NE Q5 GOTO LBL 10
If the two values or parameters are unequal, jump to
the given label.

FN 11: IF GREATER, JUMP

Example: FN 11: IF+Q1 GT+10 GOTO LBL 5
If the first value or parameter is greater than the
second, jump to the given label.

FN 12: IF LESS, JUMP

Example: FN 12: IF+Q5 LT+0 GOTO LBL ANYNAME
If the first value or parameter is less than the second,
jump to the given label.

232 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.6 If-Then Decisions with Q Parameters
Abbreviations used:
IF : If
EQU : Equal
NE : Not equal
GT : Greater than
LT : Less than
GOTO : Go to

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 233

8.7 Checking and Changing Q Parameters
8.7 Checking and Changing
Q Parameters
Procedure
You can check Q parameters when writing, testing and running
programs in all operating modes and, except in the test run, edit them.
U If you are in a program run, interrupt it if required (for example, by
pressing the machine STOP button and the INTERNAL STOP soft
key). If you are in a test run, interrupt it
U To call Q parameter functions: Press the Q INFO soft
key in the Programming and Editing mode of
operation.
U The TNC opens a pop-up window in which you can
enter the desired range for display of the
Q-parameters or string parameters
U In the Program Run Single Block, Program Run Full
Sequence and Test Run modes of operation, select
the screen layout Program + Status
U Select the STATUS OF Q PARAM. soft key

U Select the Q PARAMETER LIST soft key

U The TNC opens a pop-up window in which you can
enter the desired range for display of the
Q parameters or string parameters
U With the Q PARAMETER REQUEST soft key (available
only in Manual Operation, Program Run Full
Sequence and Program Run Single Block), you can
request individual Q parameters. To assign a new
value, overwrite the displayed value and confirm with
OK.

234 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.8 Additional Functions
8.8 Additional Functions
Overview
Press the DIVERSE FUNCTION soft key to call the additional
functions. The TNC then displays the following soft keys:

Function Soft key Page

FN 14:ERROR Page 236
Output of error messages

FN 16:F-PRINT Page 241

Formatted output of texts or Q parameter
values

FN 18: SYS-DATUM READ Page 245

Read system data

FN 19:PLC Page 254

Send values to the PLC

FN 20:WAIT FOR Page 255

Synchronize NC and PLC

FN 29:PLC Page 256

Transfer up to eight values to the PLC

FN 37:EXPORT Page 257

Export local Q parameters or QS
parameters into a calling program

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 235

8.8 Additional Functions
FN 14: ERROR: Displaying error messages
With the function FN 14: ERROR you can call messages under program
control. The messages are predefined by the machine tool builder or
by HEIDENHAIN. Whenever the TNC comes to a block with FN 14 in
the Program Run or Test Run mode, it interrupts the program run and
displays a message. The program must then be restarted. The error
numbers are listed in the table below.

Range of error numbers Standard dialog text

0 ... 299 FN 14: Error code 0 .... 299

300 ... 999 Machine-dependent dialog

1000 ... 1099 Internal error messages (see table

at right)

Example NC block
The TNC is to display the text stored under error number 254:

180 FN 14: ERROR = 254

Error message predefined by HEIDENHAIN

Error number Text
1000 Spindle?

1001 Tool axis is missing

1002 Tool radius too small

1003 Tool radius too large

1004 Range exceeded

1005 Start position incorrect

1006 ROTATION not permitted

1007 SCALING FACTOR not permitted

1008 MIRROR IMAGE not permitted

1009 Datum shift not permitted

1010 Feed rate is missing

1011 Input value incorrect

1012 Incorrect sign

1013 Entered angle not permitted

1014 Touch point inaccessible

1015 Too many points

236 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.8 Additional Functions
Error number Text
1016 Contradictory input

1017 CYCL incomplete

1018 Plane wrongly defined

1019 Wrong axis programmed

1020 Wrong rpm

1021 Radius comp. undefined

1022 Rounding-off undefined

1023 Rounding radius too large

1024 Program start undefined

1025 Excessive nesting

1026 Angle reference missing

1027 No fixed cycle defined

1028 Slot width too small

1029 Pocket too small

1030 Q202 not defined

1031 Q205 not defined

1032 Q218 must be greater than Q219

1033 CYCL 210 not permitted

1034 CYCL 211 not permitted

1035 Q220 too large

1036 Q222 must be greater than Q223

1037 Q244 must be greater than 0

1038 Q245 must not equal Q246

1039 Angle range must be < 360

1040 Q223 must be greater than Q222

1041 Q214: 0 not permitted

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 237

8.8 Additional Functions
Error number Text
1042 Traverse direction not defined

1043 No datum table active

1044 Position error: center in axis 1

1045 Position error: center in axis 2

1046 Hole diameter too small

1047 Hole diameter too large

1048 Stud diameter too small

1049 Stud diameter too large

1050 Pocket too small: rework axis 1

1051 Pocket too small: rework axis 2

1052 Pocket too large: scrap axis 1

1053 Pocket too large: scrap axis 2

1054 Stud too small: scrap axis 1

1055 Stud too small: scrap axis 2

1056 Stud too large: rework axis 1

1057 Stud too large: rework axis 2

1058 TCHPROBE 425: length exceeds max

1059 TCHPROBE 425: length below min

1060 TCHPROBE 426: length exceeds max

1061 TCHPROBE 426: length below min

1062 TCHPROBE 430: diameter too large

1063 TCHPROBE 430: diameter too small

1064 No measuring axis defined

1065 Tool breakage tolerance exceeded

1066 Enter Q247 unequal 0

1067 Enter Q247 greater than 5

1068 Datum table?

1069 Enter Q351 unequal 0

1070 Thread depth too large

238 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.8 Additional Functions
Error number Text
1071 Missing calibration data

1072 Tolerance exceeded

1073 Block scan active

1074 ORIENTATION not permitted

1075 3-D ROT not permitted

1076 Activate 3-D ROT

1077 Enter a negative value for the depth

1078 Q303 not defined in measuring cycle

1079 Tool axis not allowed

1080 Calculated values incorrect

1081 Contradictory measuring points

1082 Clearance height entered incorrectly

1083 Contradictory type of plunging

1084 Machining cycle not permitted

1085 Line is write-protected

1086 Oversize greater than depth

1087 No point angle defined

1088 Contradictory data

1089 Slot position 0 not permitted

1090 Enter infeed unequal 0

1091 Switchover of Q399 not allowed

1092 Tool not defined

1093 Tool number not permitted

1094 Tool name not allowed

1095 Software option not active

1096 Kinematics cannot be restored

1097 Function not permitted

1098 Contradictory workpc. blank dim.

1099 Measuring position not allowed

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 239

8.8 Additional Functions
Error number Text
1100 Kinematic access not possible

1101 Meas. pos. not in traverse range

1102 Preset compensation not possible

1103 Tool radius too large

1104 Plunging type is not possible

1105 Plunge angle incorrectly defined

1106 Angular length is undefined

1107 Slot width is too large

1108 Scaling factors not equal

1109 Tool data inconsistent

240 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.8 Additional Functions
FN 16: F-PRINT: Formatted output of text and
Q parameter values

With FN 16, you can also output to the screen any

messages from the NC program. Such messages are
displayed by the TNC in a pop-up window.

The function FN 16: F-PRINT transfers Q parameter values and texts

in a selectable format through the data interface, for example to a
printer. If you save the values internally or send them to a computer,
the TNC saves the data in the file that you defined in the FN 16 block.
To output the formatted texts and Q parameter values, create a text
file with the TNCs text editor. In this file you then define the output
format and Q parameters you want to output.
Example of a text file to define the output format:
TEST RECORD IMPELLER CENTER OF GRAVITY;
DATE: %2d-%2d-%4d,DAY,MONTH,YEAR4;
TIME: %2d:%2d:%2d,HOUR,MIN,SEC;
NO. OF MEASURED VALUES : = 1;
X1 = %9.3LF, Q31;
Y1 = %9.3LF, Q32;
Z1 = %9.3LF, Q33;
When you create a text file, use the following formatting functions:

Special
Function
character
........... Define output format for texts and variables
between the quotation marks

%9.3LF Define format for Q parameter:

9 characters in total (incl. decimal point), of
which 3 are after the decimal point, Long,
Floating (decimal number)

%S Format for text variable

, Separation character between output format

and parameter

; End of block character

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 241

8.8 Additional Functions
The following functions allow you to include the following additional
information in the protocol log file:

Keyword Function
CALL_PATH Gives the path for the NC program where you
will find the FN16 function. Example:
Measuring program: %S,CALL_PATH;

M_CLOSE Closes the file to which you are writing with

FN16. Example: M_CLOSE;

ALL_DISPLAY Outputs Q parameter values regardless of

MM/INCH setting of the MOD function

MM_DISPLAY Outputs Q parameter values in millimeters, if

MM display is set in the MOD function

INCH_DISPLAY Converts Q parameter values to inches if INCH

display is set in the MOD function

L_ENGLISH Display text only in English conversational

L_GERMAN Display text only in German conversational

L_CZECH Display text only in Czech conversational

L_FRENCH Display text only in French conversational

L_ITALIAN Display text only in Italian conversational

L_SPANISH Display text only in Spanish conversational

L_SWEDISH Display text only in Swedish conversational

L_DANISH Display text only in Danish conversational

L_FINNISH Display text only in Finnish conversational

L_DUTCH Display text only in Dutch conversational

L_POLISH Display text only in Polish conversational

L_PORTUGUE Display text only in Portuguese conversational

L_HUNGARIA Display text only in Hungarian conversational

L_RUSSIAN Display text only in Russian conversational

L_SLOVENIAN Display text only in Slovenian conversational

L_ALL Display text independently of the

conversational language

HOUR Number of hours from the real-time clock

MIN Number of minutes from the real-time clock

SEC Number of seconds from the real-time clock

242 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.8 Additional Functions
Keyword Function
DAY Day from the real-time clock

MONTH Month as a number from the real-time clock

STR_MONTH Month as a string abbreviation from the real-

time clock

YEAR2 Two-digit year from the real-time clock

YEAR4 Four-digit year from the real-time clock

In the part program, program FN 16: F-PRINT to activate the

output:
96 FN 16: F-PRINT TNC:\MASKE\MASKE1.A/RS232:\PROT1.A

The TNC then outputs the file PROT1.A through the serial interface:
CALIBRAT. CHART IMPELLER CENTER GRAVITY
DATE: 27:11:2001
TIME: 8:56:34
NO. OF MEASURED VALUES : = 1
X1 = 149.360
Y1 = 25.509
Z1 = 37.000

If you use FN 16 several times in the program, the TNC

saves all texts in the file that you have defined with the
first FN 16 function. The file is not output until the TNC
reads the END PGM block, or you press the NC stop button,
or you close the file with M_CLOSE.
In the FN 16 block, program the format file and the log file
with their respective extensions.
If you enter only the file name for the path of the log file,
the TNC saves the log file in the directory in which the NC
program with the FN 16 function is located.
You can output up to 32 Q parameters per line in the
format description file.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 243

8.8 Additional Functions
Displaying messages on the TNC screen
You can also use the function FN 16 to display any messages from the
NC program in a pop-up window on the TNC screen. This makes it
easy to display explanatory texts, including long texts, at any point in
the program in a way that the user has to react to it. You can also
display Q parameter contents if the protocol description file contains
such instructions.
For the message to appear on the TNC screen, you need only enter
SCREEN: as the name of the protocol file.

96 FN 16: F-PRINT TNC:\MASKE\MASKE1.A/SCREEN:

If the message has more lines than fit in the pop-up window, you can
use the arrow keys to page in the window.
To close the pop-up window, press the CE key. To have the program
close the window, program the following NC block:

96 FN 16: F-PRINT TNC:\MASKE\MASKE1.A/SCLR:

All the previously described conventions apply for the

protocol description file.
If you output to the screen more than one text in the
program, the TNC appends all texts to the end of the text
already displayed. To display each text individually on the
screen, program the function M_CLOSE at the end of the
protocol description file.

Exporting messages
You can also use the FN 16 function in the NC program in order to
externally save the files generated with FN 16. Two possibilities are
available for this:
Enter the complete target path in the FN 16 function:

96 FN 16: F-PRINT TNC:\MSK\MSK1.A / PC325:\LOG\PRO1.TXT

Specify the target path in the MOD function under Print or Print-
Test if you always want to save to the same directory on the server:

96 FN 16: F-PRINT TNC:\MSK\MSK1.A / PRO1.TXT

All the previously described conventions apply for the

protocol description file.
If you output the same file more than once in the program,
the TNC appends all texts to the end of the texts already
output within the target file.

244 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.8 Additional Functions
FN 18: SYS-DATUM READ: Read system data
With the function FN 18: SYS-DATUM READ you can read system data
and store them in Q parameters. You select the system data through
a group name (ID number), and additionally through a number and an
index, if required.

Group name, ID number Number Index Meaning

Program information, 10 3 - Number of the active fixed cycle

103 Q parameter number Relevant within NC cycles; for inquiry as to whether

the Q parameter given under IDX was explicitly stated
in the associated CYCLE DEF.

System jump addresses, 13 1 - Label jumped to during M2/M30 instead of ending the
current program. Value = 0: M2/M30 has the normal
effect

2 - Label jumped to if FN14: ERROR after the NC

CANCEL reaction instead of aborting the program
with an error. The error number programmed in the
FN14 command can be read under ID992 NR14.
Value = 0: FN14 has the normal effect.

3 - Label jumped to in the event of an internal server

error (SQL, PLC, CFG) instead of aborting the program
with an error.
Value = 0: Server error has the normal effect.

Machine status, 20 1 - Active tool number

2 - Prepared tool number

3 - Active tool axis

0=X, 1=Y, 2=Z, 6=U, 7=V, 8=W

4 - Programmed spindle speed

5 - Active spindle status: 1=undefined, 0=M3 active,

1=M4 active, 2=M5 after M3, 3=M5 after M4

7 - Gear range

8 - Coolant status: 0=off, 1=on

9 - Active feed rate

10 - Index of prepared tool

11 - Index of active tool

Channel data, 25 1 - Channel number

Cycle parameter, 30 1 - Set-up clearance of active fixed cycle

2 - Drilling depth / milling depth of active fixed cycle

3 - Plunging depth of active fixed cycle

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 245

8.8 Additional Functions
Group name, ID number Number Index Meaning
4 - Feed rate for pecking in active fixed cycle

5 - 1st side length for rectangular pocket cycle

6 - 2nd side length for rectangular pocket cycle

7 - 1st side length for slot cycle

8 - 2nd side length for slot cycle

9 - Radius for circular pocket cycle

10 - Feed rate for milling in active fixed cycle

11 - Direction of rotation for active fixed cycle

12 - Dwell time for active fixed cycle

13 - Thread pitch for Cycles 17, 18

14 - Milling allowance for active fixed cycle

15 - Direction angle for rough out in active fixed cycle

21 - Probing angle

22 - Probing path

23 - Probing feed rate

Modal condition, 35 1 - Dimensioning:

0 = absolute (G90)
1 = incremental (G91)

Data for SQL tables, 40 1 - Result code for the last SQL command

Data from the tool table, 50 1 Tool no. Tool length

2 Tool no. Tool radius

3 Tool no. Tool radius R2

4 Tool no. Oversize in tool length DL

5 Tool no. Oversize in tool radius DR

6 Tool no. Oversize for tool radius DR2

7 Tool no. Tool inhibited (0 or 1)

8 Tool no. Number of the replacement tool

9 Tool no. Maximum tool age TIME1

10 Tool no. Maximum tool age TIME2

11 Tool no. Current tool age CUR. TIME

246 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.8 Additional Functions
Group name, ID number Number Index Meaning
12 Tool no. PLC status

13 Tool no. Maximum tooth length LCUTS

14 Tool no. Maximum plunge angle ANGLE

15 Tool no. TT: Number of teeth CUT

16 Tool no. TT: Wear tolerance in length LTOL

17 Tool no. TT: Wear tolerance in radius RTOL

18 Tool no. TT: Rotational direction DIRECT

(0=positive/-1=negative)

19 Tool no. TT: Offset in plane R-OFFS

20 Tool no. TT: Offset in length L-OFFS

21 Tool no. TT: Break tolerance for length LBREAK

22 Tool no. TT: Break tolerance in radius RBREAK

23 Tool no. PLC value

24 Tool no. Center misalignment in reference axis CAL-OF1

25 Tool no. Probe center offset in minor axis CAL-OF2

26 Tool no. Spindle angle for calibration CAL-ANG

27 Tool no. Tool type for pocket table

28 Tool no. Maximum speed NMAX

Pocket table data, 51 1 Pocket number Tool number

2 Pocket number Special tool: 0=no, 1=yes

3 Pocket number Fixed pocket: 0=no, 1=yes

4 Pocket number Locked pocket: 0=no, 1=yes

5 Pocket number PLC status

Pocket number of a tool in the 1 Tool no. Pocket number

tool-pocket table, 52

2 Tool no. Tool magazine number

Values programmed immediately 1 - Tool number T

after TOOL CALL, 60

2 - Active tool axis

0=X6=U
1=Y7=V
2=Z8=W

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 247

8.8 Additional Functions
Group name, ID number Number Index Meaning
3 - Spindle speed S

4 - Oversize in tool length DL

5 - Oversize in tool radius DR

6 - Automatic TOOL CALL

0 = yes, 1 = no

7 - Oversize for tool radius DR2

8 - Tool index

9 - Active feed rate

Values programmed immediately 1 - Tool number T

after TOOL DEF, 61

2 - Length

3 - Radius

4 - Index

5 - Tool data programmed in TOOL DEF

1 = yes, 0 = no

Active tool compensation, 200 1 1 = without oversize Active radius

2 = with oversize
3 = with oversize and
oversize from
TOOL CALL

2 1 = without oversize Active length

2 = with oversize
3 = with oversize and
oversize from
TOOL CALL

3 1 = without oversize Rounding radius R2

2 = with oversize
3 = with oversize and
oversize from
TOOL CALL

Active transformations, 210 1 - Basic rotation in MANUAL OPERATION mode

2 - Programmed rotation with Cycle 10

3 - Active mirrored axes

0: mirroring not active

+1: X axis mirrored

+2: Y axis mirrored

+4: Z axis mirrored

248 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.8 Additional Functions
Group name, ID number Number Index Meaning
+64: U axis mirrored

+128: V axis mirrored

+256: W axis mirrored

Combinations = sum of individual axes

4 1 Active scaling factor in X axis

4 2 Active scaling factor in Y axis

4 3 Active scaling factor in Z axis

4 7 Active scaling factor in U axis

4 8 Active scaling factor in V axis

4 9 Active scaling factor in W axis

5 1 3-D ROT A axis

5 2 3-D ROT B axis

5 3 3-D ROT C axis

6 - Tilted working plane active / inactive (1/0) in a

Program Run operating mode

7 - Tilted working plane active / inactive (1/0) in a

Manual operating mode

Active datum shift, 220 2 1 X axis

2 Y axis

3 Z axis

4 A axis

5 B axis

6 C axis

7 U axis

8 V axis

9 W axis

Traverse range, 230 2 1 to 9 Negative software limit switch in axes 1 to 9

3 1 to 9 Positive software limit switch in axes 1 to 9

5 - Software limit switch on or off:

0 = on, 1 = off

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 249

8.8 Additional Functions
Group name, ID number Number Index Meaning
Nominal position in the REF 1 1 X axis
system, 240

2 Y axis

3 Z axis

4 A axis

5 B axis

6 C axis

7 U axis

8 V axis

9 W axis

Current position in the active 1 1 X axis

coordinate system, 270

2 Y axis

3 Z axis

4 A axis

5 B axis

6 C axis

7 U axis

8 V axis

9 W axis

TS triggering touch probe, 350 50 1 Touch probe type

2 Line in the touch-probe table

51 - Effective length

52 1 Effective ball radius

2 Rounding radius

53 1 Center offset (reference axis)

2 Center offset (minor axis)

54 - Spindle-orientation angle in degrees (center offset)

55 1 Rapid traverse

2 Measuring feed rate

250 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.8 Additional Functions
Group name, ID number Number Index Meaning
56 1 Maximum measuring range

2 Safety clearance

57 1 Line in the touch-probe table

TT tool touch probe 70 1 Touch probe type

2 Line in the touch-probe table

71 1 Center point in reference axis (REF system)

2 Center point in minor axis (REF system)

3 Center point in tool axis (REF system)

72 - Probe contact radius

75 1 Rapid traverse

2 Measuring feed rate for stationary spindle

3 Measuring feed rate for rotating spindle

76 1 Maximum measuring range

2 Safety clearance for linear measurement

3 Safety clearance for radial measurement

77 - Spindle speed

78 - Probing direction

Reference point from touch probe 1 1 to 9 Last reference point of a manual touch probe cycle, or
cycle, 360 (X, Y, Z, A, B, C, U, V, last touch point from Cycle 0 without probe length
W) compensation but with probe radius compensation
(workpiece coordinate system)

2 1 to 9 Last reference point of a manual touch probe cycle, or

(X, Y, Z, A, B, C, U, V, last touch point from Cycle 0 without stylus length or
W) stylus radius compensation (machine coordinate
system)

3 1 to 9 Result of measurement of the touch probe cycles 0

(X, Y, Z, A, B, C, U, V, and 1 without probe radius or probe length
W) compensation

4 1 to 9 Last reference point of a manual touch probe cycle, or

(X, Y, Z, A, B, C, U, V, last touch point from Cycle 0 without stylus length or
W) stylus radius compensation (workpiece coordinate
system)

10 - Oriented spindle stop

Value from the active datum table Line Column Read values
in the active coordinate system,
500

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 251

8.8 Additional Functions
Group name, ID number Number Index Meaning
Read data of the current tool, 950 1 - Tool length L

2 - Tool radius R

3 - Tool radius R2

4 - Oversize in tool length DL

5 - Oversize in tool radius DR

6 - Oversize for tool radius DR2

7 - Tool locked TL
0 = not locked, 1 = locked

8 - Number of replacement tool RT

9 - Maximum tool age TIME1

10 - Maximum tool age TIME2

11 - Current tool age CUR. TIME

12 - PLC status

13 - Maximum tooth length LCUTS

14 - Maximum plunge angle ANGLE

15 - TT: Number of teeth CUT

16 - TT: Wear tolerance in length LTOL

17 - TT: Wear tolerance in radius RTOL

18 - TT: Direction of rotation DIRECT

0 = positive, 1 = negative

19 - TT: Offset in plane R-OFFS

20 - TT: Offset in length L-OFFS

21 - TT: Break tolerance for length LBREAK

22 - TT: Break tolerance in radius RBREAK

23 - PLC value

24 - Tool type TYPE

0 = milling cutter, 21 = touch probe

27 - Corresponding row in the touch-probe table

32 - Point angle

34 - Lift off

252 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.8 Additional Functions
Group name, ID number Number Index Meaning
Touch probe cycles, 990 1 - Approach behavior:
0 = standard behavior
1 = effective radius, set-up clearance is zero

2 - 0 = probe monitoring off

1 = probe monitoring on

Execution status, 992 10 - Block scan active

1 = yes, 0 = no

11 - Search phase

14 - Number of the last FN14 error

16 - Real execution active

1 = execution , 2 = simulation

Example: Assign the value of the active scaling factor for the
Z axis to Q25
55 FN 18: SYSREAD Q25 = ID210 NR4 IDX3

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 253

8.8 Additional Functions
FN 19: PLC: Transfer values to the PLC
The function FN 19: PLC transfers up to two numerical values or
Q parameters to the PLC.
Increments and units: 0.1 m or 0.0001

Example: Transfer the numerical value 10 (which means 1 m or

0.001) to the PLC
56 FN 19: PLC=+10/+Q3

254 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.8 Additional Functions
FN 20: WAIT FOR: NC and PLC synchronization

This function may only be used with the permission of

your machine tool builder.

With function FN 20: WAIT FOR you can synchronize the NC and PLC
with each other during a program run. The NC stops machining until
the condition that you have programmed in the FN 20 block is fulfilled.
The TNC can check the following PLC operands:

PLC operand Abbreviation Address range

Marker N 0 to 4999

Input I 0 to 31, 128 to 152

64 to 126 (first PL 401 B)
192 to 254 (second PL 401 B)

Output O 0 to 30
32 to 62 (first PL 401 B)
64 to 94 (second PL 401 B)

Counter C 48 to 79

Timer ING 0 to 95

Byte B 0 to 4095

Word W 0 to 2047

Double word D 2048 to 4095

The TNC 320 uses an extended interface for communication between

the PLC and NC. This is a new, symbolic Application Programmer
Interface (API). The familiar previous PLC-NC interface is also available
and can be used if desired. The machine tool builder decides whether
the new or old TNC API is used. Enter the name of the symbolic
operand as string to wait for the defined condition of the symbolic
operand.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 255

8.8 Additional Functions
The following conditions are permitted in the FN 20 block:

Condition Abbreviation
Equal ==

Less than <

Greater than >

Less than or equal <=

Greater than or equal >=

In addition, the FN20: WAIT FOR SYNC function is available. WAIT FOR
SYNC is used whenever you read, for example, system data via FN18
that require synchronization with real time. The TNC stops the look-
ahead calculation and executes the subsequent NC block only when
the NC program has actually reached that block.

Example: Stop program run until the PLC sets marker 4095 to 1
32 FN 20: WAIT FOR M4095==1

Example: Stop program run until the PLC sets the symbolic
operand to 1
32 FN20: APISPIN[0].NN_SPICONTROLINPOS==1

Example: Pause internal look-ahead calculation, read current

position in the X axis
32 FN 20: WAIT FOR SYNC
33 FN 18: SYSREAD Q1 = ID270 NR1 IDX1

FN29: PLC: Transferring values to the PLC

The function FN 29: PLC transfers up to eight numerical values or
Q parameters to the PLC.
Increments and units: 0.1 m or 0.0001

Example: Transfer the numerical value 10 (which means 1 m or

0.001) to the PLC
56 FN29: PLC=+10/+Q3/+Q8/+7/+1/+Q5/+Q2/+15

256 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.8 Additional Functions
FN37:EXPORT
You need the FN37: EXPORT function if you want to create your own
cycles and integrate them in the TNC. The Q parameters 0 to 99 are
effective only locally. This means that the Q parameters are effective
only in the program in which they were defined. With the FN37:
EXPORT function you can export locally effective Q parameters into
another (calling) program.

Example: The local Q parameter Q25 is exported

56 FN37: EXPORT Q25

Example: The local Q parameters Q25 to Q30 are exported

56 FN37: EXPORT Q25 - Q30

The TNC exports the value that the parameter has at the
time of the EXPORT command.
The parameter is exported only to the presently calling
program.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 257

8.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands
8.9 Accessing Tables with SQL
Commands
Introduction
Accessing of tables is programmed on the TNC with SQL commands
in transactions. A transaction consists of multiple SQL commands
that guarantee an orderly execution of the table entries.

Tables are configured by the machine manufacturer.

Names and designations required as parameters for SQL
commands are also specified.

The following terms are used:

Table: A table consists of x columns and y rows. It is saved as a file
in the File Manager of the TNC, and is addressed with the path and
file name (=table name). Synonyms can also be used for addressing,
as an alternative to the path and file name.
Columns: The number and names of the columns are specified
when configuring the table. In some SQL commands the column
name is used for addressing.
Rows: The number of rows is variable. You can insert new rows.
There are no row numbers or other designators. However, you can
select rows based on the contents of a column. Rows can only be
deleted in the table editor, not by an NC program.
Cell: The part of a column in a row.
Table entry: Content of a cell.
Result set: During a transaction, the selected columns and rows are
managed in the result set. You can view the result set as a sort of
intermediate memory, which temporarily assumes the set of
selected columns and rows (= result set).
Synonym: This term defines a name used for a table instead of its
path and file name. Synonyms are specified by the machine
manufacturer in the configuration data.

258 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands
A Transaction
In principle, a transaction consists of the following actions:
Address table (file), select rows and transfer them to the result set.
Read rows from the result set, change rows or insert new rows.
Conclude transaction: If changes/insertions were made, the rows
from the result set are placed in the table (file).
Other actions are also necessary so that table entries can be edited in
an NC program and to ensure that other changes are not made to
copies of the same table rows at the same time. This results in the
following transaction sequence:
1 A Q parameter is specified for each column to be edited. The Q
parameter is assigned to a columnit is bound (SQL BIND...).
2 Address table (file), select rows and transfer them to the result set.
In addition, you define which columns are transferred to the result
set (SQL SELECT...).

You can lock the selected rows. Other processes can then read
these rows, but cannot change the table entries. You should
always lock the selected rows when you are going to make
changes (SQL SELECT ... FOR UPDATE).
3 Read rows from the result set, change rows or insert new rows:
Transfer one row of the result set into the Q parameters of your
NC program (SQL FETCH...).
Prepare changes in the Q parameters and transfer one row from
the result set (SQL UPDATE...).
Prepare new table row in the Q parameters and transfer into the
result set as a new row (SQL INSERT...).
4 Conclude transaction:
If changes/insertions were made, the data from the result set is
placed in the table (file). The data is now saved in the file. Any locks
are canceled, and the result set is released (SQL COMMIT...).
If table entries were not changed or inserted (only read access),
any locks are canceled and the result set is released (SQL
ROLLBACK... WITHOUT INDEX).
Multiple transactions can be edited at the same time.

You must conclude a transaction, even if it consists solely

of read accesses. Only this guarantees that
changes/insertions are not lost, that locks are canceled,
and that result sets are released.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 259

8.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands
Result set
The selected rows are numbered in ascending order within the result
set, starting from 0. This numbering is referred to as the index. The
index is used for read- and write-accesses, enabling a row of the result
set to be specifically addressed.
It can often be advantageous to sort the rows in the result set. Do this
by specifying the table column containing the sorting criteria. Also
select ascending or descending order (SQL SELECT ... ORDER BY ...).
The selected rows that were transferred to the result set are
addressed with the HANDLE. All following SQL commands use the
handle to refer to this set of selected columns and rows.
When concluding a transaction, the handle is released (SQL COMMIT...
or SQL ROLLBACK...). It is then no longer valid.
You can edit more than one result set at the same time. The SQL
server assigns a new handle for each "Select" command.
Binding Q parameters to columns
The NC program does not have direct access to the table entries in the
result set. The data must be transferred in Q parameters. In the other
direction, the data is first prepared in the Q parameters and then
transferred to the result set.
Specify with SQL BIND ... which table columns are mapped to which
Q parameters. The Q parameters are bound (assigned) to the
columns. Columns that are not bound to Q parameters are not
included in the read-/write-processes.
If a new table row is generated with SQL INSERT..., the columns not
bound to Q parameters are filled with default values.

260 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands
Programming SQL commands

This function can only be programmed if you have entered

the code number 555343.

Program SQL commands in the Programming mode:

U Call the SQL functions by pressing the SQL soft key.
U Select an SQL command via soft key (see overview)
or press the SQL EXECUTE soft key and program the
SQL command.

Overview of the soft keys

Function Soft key

SQL EXECUTE
Program a Select command.

SQL BIND
Bind a Q parameter to a table column.

SQL FETCH
Read table rows from the result set and save them in Q
parameters.

SQL UPDATE
Save data from the Q parameters in an existing table
row in the result set.

SQL INSERT
Save data from the Q parameters in a new table row in
the result set.

SQL COMMIT
Transfer table rows from the result set into the table
and conclude the transaction.

SQL ROLLBACK
If INDEX is not programmed: Discard any
changes/insertions and conclude the transaction.
If INDEX is programmed: The indexed row remains in
the result set. All other rows are deleted from the
result set. The transaction is not concluded.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 261

8.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands
SQL BIND
SQL BIND binds a Q parameter to a table column. The SQL commands Example: Bind a Q parameter to a table column
"Fetch," "Update" and "Insert" evaluate this binding (assignment) during
data transfer between the result set and the NC program. 11 SQL BIND Q881 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_NO"

An SQL BIND command without a table or column name cancels the 12 SQL BIND Q882 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_X"
binding. Binding remains effective at most until the end of the NC 13 SQL BIND Q883 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Y"
program or subprogram.
14 SQL BIND Q884 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Z"
You can program any number of bindings. Read and
write processes only take into account the columns that Example: Cancel binding
were entered in the "Select" command.
91 SQL BIND Q881
SQL BIND... must be programmed before "Fetch,"
"Update" or "Insert" commands are programmed. You 92 SQL BIND Q882
can program a "Select" command without a preceding
93 SQL BIND Q883
"Bind" command.
If in the Select command you include columns for 94 SQL BIND Q884
which no binding is programmed, an error occurs during
read/write processes (program interrupt).

U Parameter no. for result: Q parameter that is

bound (assigned) to the table column.
U Database: Column name: Enter the table name and
column name separated by a . (period).
Table name: Synonym or path and file name of this
table. The synonym is entered directly, whereas the
path and file name are entered in single quotation
marks.
Column designation: Designation of the table
column as given in the configuration data.

262 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands
SQL SELECT
SQL SELECT selects table rows and transfers them to the result set.
The SQL server places the data in the result set row-by-row. The rows
are numbered in ascending order, starting from 0. This row number,
called the INDEX, is used in the SQL commands "Fetch" and "Update."
Enter the selection criteria in the SQL SELECT...WHERE... option. This
lets you restrict the number of rows to be transferred. If you do not
use this option, all rows in the table are loaded.
Enter the sorting criteria in the SQL SELECT...ORDER BY... option.
Enter the column designation and the keyword for
ascending/descending order. If you do not use this option, the rows
are placed in random order.
Lock out the selected rows for other applications with the SQL
SELECT...FOR UPDATE option. Other applications can continue to read
these rows, but cannot change them. We strongly recommend using
this option if you are making changes to the table entries.
Empty result set: If no rows match the selection criteria, the SQL
server returns a valid handle but no table entries.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 263

 Example: Select all table rows
8.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands
U Parameter no. for result: Q parameter for the
handle. The SQL server returns the handle for the
group of columns and rows selected with the current 11 SQL BIND Q881 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_NO"
select command. 12 SQL BIND Q882 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_X"
In case of an error (selection could not be carried out),
the SQL server returns the code 1. 13 SQL BIND Q883 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Y"
Code 0 identifies an invalid handle. 14 SQL BIND Q884 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Z"
U Data bank: SQL command text: with the following . . .
elements:
20 SQL Q5 "SELECT MEAS_NO,MEAS_X,MEAS_Y,
SELECT (keyword): MEAS_Z FROM TAB_EXAMPLE"
Name of the SQL command. Names of the table
columns to be transferred. Separate column names
Example: Selection of table rows with the WHERE
with a , (comma) (see examples). Q parameters
option
must be bound to all columns entered here.
FROM table name: . . .
Synonym or path and file names of this table. The
synonym is entered directly, whereas the path and 20 SQL Q5 "SELECT MEAS_NO,MEAS_X,MEAS_Y,
table names are entered in single quotation marks MEAS_Z FROM TAB_EXAMPLE WHERE MEAS_NO<20"
(see examples of the SQL command, names of the
table columns to be transferred - separate several Example: Selection of table rows with the WHERE
columns by a comma). Q parameters must be option and Q parameters
bound to all columns entered here.
Optional: . . .
WHERE selection criteria: 20 SQL Q5 "SELECT MEAS_NO,MEAS_X,MEAS_Y,
A selection criterion consists of a column name, MEAS_Z FROM TAB_EXAMPLE WHERE
condition (see table) and comparator. Link selection MEAS_NO==:Q11"
criteria with logical AND or OR. Program the
comparator directly or with a Q parameter. A Q
parameter is introduced with a colon and placed in Example: Table name defined with path and file
single quotation marks (see example). name
Optional: . . .
ORDER BY column name ASC to sort in ascending
orderor 20 SQL Q5 "SELECT MEAS_NO,MEAS_X,MEAS_Y,
ORDER BY column name DESC to sort in descending MEAS_Z FROM V:\TABLE\TAB_EXAMPLE WHERE
order. MEAS_NO<20"
If neither ASC nor DESC are programmed, then
ascending order is used as the default setting. The
TNC places the selected rows in the indicated
column.
Optional:
FOR UPDATE (keyword):
The selected rows are locked against write-
accesses from other processes.

264 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands
Condition Programming
Equal to =
==

Not equal to !=
<>

Less than <

Less than or equal to <=

Greater than >

Greater than or equal to >=

Linking multiple conditions:

Logical AND AND

Logical OR OR

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 265

8.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands
SQL FETCH
SQL FETCH reads the row addressed with INDEX from the result set, and Example: Row number is transferred in a
places the table entries in the bound (assigned) Q parameters. The Q parameter
result set is addressed with the HANDLE.
11 SQL BIND Q881 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_NO"
SQL FETCH takes into account all columns entered in the "Select"
command. 12 SQL BIND Q882 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_X"

U Parameter no. for result: Q parameter in which the 13 SQL BIND Q883 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Y"
SQL server reports the result: 14 SQL BIND Q884 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Z"
0: No error occurred.
1: Error occurred (incorrect handle or index too large) . . .
20 SQL Q5 "SELECT MEAS_NO,MEAS_X,MEAS_Y,
U Data bank: SQL access ID: Q parameter with the
handle for identifying the result set (also see SQL MEAS_Z FROM TAB_EXAMPLE"
SELECT). . . .
U Data bank: Index for SQL result: Row number 30 SQL FETCH Q1 HANDLE Q5 INDEX+Q2
within the result set. The table entries of this row are
read and are transferred into the bound Q Example: Row number is programmed directly
parameters. If you do not enter an index, the first row
is read (n=0). . . .
Either enter the row number directly or program the
Q parameter containing the index. 30 SQL FETCH Q1 HANDLE Q5 INDEX5

266 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands
SQL UPDATE
SQL UPDATE transfers the data prepared in the Q parameters into the Example: Row number is transferred in a
row of the result set addressed with INDEX. The existing row in the Q parameter
result set is completely overwritten.
11 SQL BIND Q881 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_NO"
SQL UPDATE takes into account all columns entered in the "Select"
command. 12 SQL BIND Q882 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_X"

U Parameter no. for result: Q parameter in which the 13 SQL BIND Q883 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Y"
SQL server reports the result: 14 SQL BIND Q884 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Z"
0: No error occurred.
1: Error occurred (incorrect handle, index too large, . . .
value outside of value range or incorrect data format) 20 SQL Q5 "SELECT MEAS_NO,MEAS_X,MEAS_Y,
U Data bank: SQL access ID: Q parameter with the MEAS_Z FROM TAB_EXAMPLE"
handle for identifying the result set (also see SQL . . .
SELECT).
30 SQL FETCH Q1 HANDLE Q5 INDEX+Q2
U Data bank: Index for SQL result: Row number
. . .
within the result set. The table entries prepared in the
Q parameters are written to this row. If you do not 40 SQL UPDATE Q1 HANDLE Q5 INDEX+Q2
enter an index, the first row is written to (n=0).
Either enter the row number directly or program the Example: Row number is programmed directly
Q parameter containing the index.
. . .
40 SQL UPDATE Q1 HANDLE Q5 INDEX5

SQL INSERT
SQL INSERT generates a new row in the result set and transfers the Example: Row number is transferred in a
data prepared in the Q parameters into the new row. Q parameter
SQL INSERT takes into account all columns entered in the "Select" 11 SQL BIND Q881 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_NO"
command. Table columns not entered in the "Select" command are
filled with default values. 12 SQL BIND Q882 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_X"

U Parameter no. for result: Q parameter in which the 13 SQL BIND Q883 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Y"
SQL server reports the result: 14 SQL BIND Q884 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Z"
0: No error occurred.
1: Error occurred (incorrect handle, value outside of . . .
value range or incorrect data format) 20 SQL Q5 "SELECT MEAS_NO,MEAS_X,MEAS_Y,
U Data bank: SQL access ID: Q parameter with the MEAS_Z FROM TAB_EXAMPLE"
handle for identifying the result set (also see SQL . . .
SELECT).
40 SQL INSERT Q1 HANDLE Q5

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 267

8.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands
SQL COMMIT
SQL COMMIT transfers all rows in the result set back to the table. A lock Example:
set with SELECT...FOR UPDATE is canceled.
11 SQL BIND Q881 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_NO"
The handle given in the SQL SELECT command loses its validity.
12 SQL BIND Q882 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_X"
U Parameter no. for result: Q parameter in which the
SQL server reports the result: 13 SQL BIND Q883 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Y"
0: No error occurred. 14 SQL BIND Q884 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Z"
1: Error occurred (incorrect handle or equal entries in
columns requiring unique entries) . . .
20 SQL Q5 "SELECT MEAS_NO,MEAS_X,MEAS_Y,
U Data bank: SQL access ID: Q parameter with the
handle for identifying the result set (also see SQL MEAS_Z FROM TAB_EXAMPLE"
SELECT). . . .
30 SQL FETCH Q1 HANDLE Q5 INDEX+Q2
. . .
40 SQL UPDATE Q1 HANDLE Q5 INDEX+Q2
. . .
50 SQL COMMIT Q1 HANDLE Q5

SQL ROLLBACK
The execution of SQL ROLLBACK depends on whether INDEX is Example:
programmed:
11 SQL BIND Q881 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_NO"
If INDEX is not programmed: The result set is not written back to the
table (any changes/insertions are discarded). The transaction is 12 SQL BIND Q882 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_X"
closed and the handle given in the SQL SELECT command loses its 13 SQL BIND Q883 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Y"
validity. Typical application: Ending a transaction solely containing
read-accesses. 14 SQL BIND Q884 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Z"
If INDEX is programmed: The indexed row remains. All other rows . . .
are deleted from the result set. The transaction is not concluded. A 20 SQL Q5 "SELECT MEAS_NO,MEAS_X,MEAS_Y,
lock set with SELECT...FOR UPDATE remains for the indexed row. For
MEAS_Z FROM TAB_EXAMPLE"
all other rows it is reset.
. . .
U Parameter no. for result: Q parameter in which the
SQL server reports the result: 30 SQL FETCH Q1 HANDLE Q5 INDEX+Q2
0: No error occurred. . . .
1: Error occurred (incorrect handle)
50 SQL ROLLBACK Q1 HANDLE Q5
U Data bank: SQL access ID: Q parameter with the
handle for identifying the result set (also see SQL
SELECT).
U Data bank: Index for SQL result: Row that is to
remain in the result set. Either enter the row number
directly or program the Q parameter containing the
index.

268 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.10 Entering Formulas Directly
8.10 Entering Formulas Directly
Entering formulas
You can enter mathematical formulas that include several operations
directly into the part program by soft key.
Press the FORMULA soft key to call the mathematical functions. The
TNC displays the following soft keys in several soft-key rows:

Mathematical function Soft key

Addition
Example: Q10 = Q1 + Q5

Subtraction
Example: Q25 = Q7 Q108

Multiplication
Example: Q12 = 5 * Q5

Division
Example: Q25 = Q1 / Q2

Opening parenthesis
Example: Q12 = Q1 * (Q2 + Q3)

Closing parenthesis
Example: Q12 = Q1 * (Q2 + Q3)

Square of a value
Example: Q15 = SQ 5

Square root
Example: Q22 = SQRT 25

Sine of an angle
Example: Q44 = SIN 45

Cosine of an angle
Example: Q45 = COS 45

Tangent of an angle
Example: Q46 = TAN 45

Arc sine
Inverse of the sine. Determines the angle from the
ratio of the side opposite the hypotenuse.
Example: Q10 = ASIN 0.75

Arc cosine
Inverse of the cosine. Determines the angle from the
ratio of the side adjacent to the hypotenuse.
Example: Q11 = ACOS Q40

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 269

8.10 Entering Formulas Directly
Mathematical function Soft key
Arc tangent
Inverse of the tangent. Determines the angle from the
ratio of the opposite to the adjacent side.
Example: Q12 = ATAN Q50

Powers of values
Example: Q15 = 3^3

Constant pi (3.14159)
Example: Q15 = PI

Natural logarithm (LN) of a number

Base 2.7183
Example: Q15 = LN Q11

Logarithm of a number, base 10

Example: Q33 = LOG Q22

Exponential function, 2.7183 to the power of n

Example: Q1 = EXP Q12

Negate (multiplication by 1)
Example: Q2 = NEG Q1

Truncate decimal places

(form an integer)
Example: Q3 = INT Q42

Absolute value of a number

Example: Q4 = ABS Q22

Truncate places before the decimal point

(form a fraction)
Example: Q5 = FRAC Q23

Check algebraic sign of a number

Example: Q12 = SGN Q50
If result for Q12 = 1, then Q50 >= 0
If result for Q12 = 1, then Q50 < 0

Calculate modulo value

Example: Q12 = 400 % 360
Result: Q12 = 40

270 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.10 Entering Formulas Directly
Rules for formulas
Mathematical formulas are programmed according to the following
rules:

Higher-level operations are performed first

12 Q1 = 5 * 3 + 2 * 10 = 35

1st calculation: 5 * 3 = 15
2nd calculation: 2 * 10 = 20
3rd calculation: 15 + 20 = 35

or
13 Q2 = SQ 10 - 3^3 = 73

1st calculation: 10 squared = 100

2nd calculation: 3 to the power of 3 = 27
3rd calculation: 100 27 = 73

Distributive law
Law for calculating with parentheses
a * (b + c) = a * b + a * c

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 271

8.10 Entering Formulas Directly
Programming example
Calculate an angle with the arc tangent from the opposite side (Q12)
and adjacent side (Q13); then store in Q25.

To select the formula entering function, press the Q

key and the FORMULA soft key, or use the shortcut:

Press the Q key on the ASCII keyboard

PARAMETER NO. FOR RESULT?

Enter the parameter number.

25

Shift the soft-key row and select the arc tangent

function.

Shift the soft-key row and open the parentheses.

Enter Q parameter number 12.

12

Select division.

Enter Q parameter number 13.

13

Close parentheses and conclude formula entry.

Example NC block
37 Q25 = ATAN (Q12/Q13)

272 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.11 String Parameters
8.11 String Parameters
String processing functions
You can use the QS parameters to create variable character strings.
You can output such character strings for example through the
FN 16:F-PRINT function to create variable logs.
You can assign a linear sequence of characters (letters, numbers,
special characters and spaces) up to a length of 256 characters to a
string parameter. You can also check and process the assigned or
imported values by using the functions described below. As in Q
parameter programming, you can use a total of 2000 QS parameters
(see also Principle and Overview on page 222).
The STRING FORMULA and FORMULA Q parameter functions
contain various functions for processing the string parameters.

STRING FORMULA functions Soft key Page

Assigning string parameters Page 274

Chain-linking string parameters Page 274

Converting a numerical value to a string Page 276

parameter

Copying a substring from a string Page 277

parameter

FORMULA string functions Soft key Page

Converting a string parameter to a Page 278
numerical value

Checking a string parameter Page 279

Finding the length of a string parameter Page 280

Comparing alphabetic priority Page 281

When you use a STRING FORMULA, the result of the

arithmetic operation is always a string. When you use the
FORMULA function, the result of the arithmetic operation
is always a numeric value.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 273

8.11 String Parameters
Assigning string parameters
You have to assign a string variable before you use it. Use the DECLARE
STRING command to do so.
U Show the soft-key row with special functions

U Select the menu for defining various plain-language

functions
U Select string functions

U Select the DECLARE STRING function

Example NC block:
37 DECLARE STRING QS10 = WORKPIECE

274 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.11 String Parameters
Chain-linking string parameters
With the concatenation operator (string parameter ||) you can make a
chain of two or more string parameters.
U Show the soft-key row with special functions

U Select the menu for defining various plain-language

functions
U Select string functions

U Select the STRING FORMULA function

U Enter the number of the string parameter in which the
TNC is to save the concatenated string. Confirm with
the ENT key
U Enter the number of the string parameter in which the
first substring is saved. Confirm with the ENT key:
The TNC displays the concatenation symbol ||
U Confirm your entry with the ENT key
U Enter the number of the string parameter in which the
second substring is saved. Confirm with the ENT key
U Repeat the process until you have selected all the
required substrings. Conclude with the END key

Example: QS10 is to include the complete text of QS12, QS13 and

QS14
37 QS10 = QS12 || QS13 || QS14

Parameter contents:
QS12: Workpiece
QS13: Status:
QS14: Scrap
QS10: Workpiece Status: Scrap

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 275

8.11 String Parameters
Converting a numerical value to a string
parameter
With the TOCHAR function, the TNC converts a numerical value to a
string parameter. This enables you to chain numerical values with
string variables.
U Select Q parameter functions

U Select the STRING FORMULA function

U Select the function for converting a numerical value to

a string parameter
U Enter the number or the desired Q parameter to be
converted, and confirm with the ENT key
U If desired, enter the number of decimal places that the
TNC should convert, and confirm with the ENT key
U Close the parenthetical expression with the ENT key
and confirm your entry with the END key

Example: Convert parameter Q50 to string parameter QS11, use

3 decimal places
37 QS11 = TOCHAR ( DAT+Q50 DECIMALS3 )

276 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.11 String Parameters
Copying a substring from a string parameter
With the SUBSTR function you can copy a definable range from a string
parameter.
U Select Q parameter functions

U Select the STRING FORMULA function

U Enter the number of the string parameter in which the
TNC is to save the copied string. Confirm with the
ENT key
U Select the function for cutting out a substring
U Enter the number of the QS parameter from which the
substring is to be copied. Confirm with the ENT key
U Enter the number of the place starting from which to
copy the substring, and confirm with the ENT key
U Enter the number of characters to be copied, and
confirm with the ENT key
U Close the parenthetical expression with the ENT key
and confirm your entry with the END key

Remember that the first character of a text sequence

starts internally with the zeroth place.

Example: A four-character substring (LEN4) is read from the

string parameter QS10 beginning with the third character (BEG2)
37 QS13 = SUBSTR ( SRC_QS10 BEG2 LEN4 )

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 277

8.11 String Parameters
Converting a string parameter to a numerical
value
The TONUMB function converts a string parameter to a numerical value.
The value to be converted should be only numerical.

The QS parameter must contain only one numerical value.

Otherwise the TNC will output an error message.

U Select Q parameter functions

U Select the FORMULA function

U Enter the number of the string parameter in which the
TNC is to save the numerical value. Confirm with the
ENT key
U Shift the soft-key row

U Select the function for converting a string parameter

to a numerical value
U Enter the number of the Q parameter to be converted,
and confirm with the ENT key
U Close the parenthetical expression with the ENT key
and confirm your entry with the END key

Example: Convert string parameter QS11 to a numerical

parameter Q82
37 Q82 = TONUMB ( SRC_QS11 )

278 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.11 String Parameters
Checking a string parameter
With the INSTR function you can check whether a string parameter is
contained in another string parameter.
U Select Q parameter functions

U Select the FORMULA function

U Enter the number of the Q parameter in which the
TNC is to save the place at which the search text
begins. Confirm with the ENT key
U Shift the soft-key row

U Select the function for checking a string parameter

U Enter the number of the QS parameter in which the
text to be searched for is saved. Confirm with the
ENT key
U Enter the number of the QS parameter to be
searched, and confirm with the ENT key
U Enter the number of the place starting from which the
TNC is to search the substring, and confirm with the
ENT key
U Close the parenthetical expression with the ENT key
and confirm your entry with the END key

Remember that the first character of a text sequence

starts internally with the zeroth place.
If the TNC cannot find the required substring, it will save
the total length of the string to be searched (counting
starts at 1) in the result parameter.
If the substring is found in more than one place, the TNC
returns the first place at which it finds the substring.

Example: Search through QS10 for the text saved in parameter

QS13. Begin the search at the third place.
37 Q50 = INSTR ( SRC_QS10 SEA_QS13 BEG2 )

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 279

8.11 String Parameters
Finding the length of a string parameter
The STRLEN function returns the length of the text saved in a selectable
string parameter.
U Select Q parameter functions

U Select the FORMULA function

U Enter the number of the Q parameter in which the
TNC is to save the ascertained string length. Confirm
with the ENT key
U Shift the soft-key row

U Select the function for finding the text length of a

string parameter
U Enter the number of the QS parameter whose length
the TNC is to ascertain, and confirm with the ENT key
U Close the parenthetical expression with the ENT key
and confirm your entry with the END key

Example: Find the length of QS15

37 Q52 = STRLEN ( SRC_QS15 )

280 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.11 String Parameters
Comparing alphabetic priority
With the STRCOMP function you can compare string parameters for
alphabetic priority.
U Select Q parameter functions

U Select the FORMULA function

U Enter the number of the Q parameter in which the
TNC is to save the result of comparison. Confirm with
the ENT key
U Shift the soft-key row

U Select the function for comparing string parameters

U Enter the number of the first QS parameter to be
compared, and confirm with the ENT key
U Enter the number of the second QS parameter to be
compared, and confirm with the ENT key
U Close the parenthetical expression with the ENT key
and confirm your entry with the END key

The TNC returns the following results:

0: The compared QS parameters are identical
+1: The first QS parameter precedes the second QS
parameter alphabetically
1: The first QS parameter follows the second QS
parameter alphabetically

Example: QS12 and QS14 are compared for alphabetic priority

37 Q52 = STRCOMP ( SRC_QS12 SEA_QS14 )

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 281

8.12 Preassigned Q Parameters
8.12 Preassigned Q Parameters
The Q parameters Q100 to Q199 are assigned values by the TNC. The
following are assigned to Q parameters:
Values from the PLC
Tool and spindle data
Data on operating status
Results of measurements from touch probe cycles etc.
The TNC saves the preassigned Q parameters Q108, Q114 and Q115
- Q117 in the unit of measure used by the active program.

Do not use preassigned Q parameters (or QS parameters)

between Q100 and Q199 (QS100 and QS199) as calculation
parameters in NC programs. Otherwise you might receive
undesired results.

Values from the PLC: Q100 to Q107

The TNC uses the parameters Q100 to Q107 to transfer values from
the PLC to an NC program.

Active tool radius: Q108

The active value of the tool radius is assigned to Q108. Q108 is
calculated from:
Tool radius R (tool table or TOOL DEF block)
Delta value DR from the tool table
Delta value DR from the TOOL CALL block

The TNC remembers the current tool radius even if the

power is interrupted.

282 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.12 Preassigned Q Parameters
Tool axis: Q109
The value of Q109 depends on the current tool axis:

Tool axis Parameter value

No tool axis defined Q109 = 1

X axis Q109 = 0

Y axis Q109 = 1

Z axis Q109 = 2

U axis Q109 = 6

V axis Q109 = 7

W axis Q109 = 8

Spindle status: Q110

The value of the parameter Q110 depends on the M function last
programmed for the spindle.

M function Parameter value

No spindle status defined Q110 = 1

M3: Spindle ON, clockwise Q110 = 0

M4: Spindle ON, counterclockwise Q110 = 1

M5 after M3 Q110 = 2

M5 after M4 Q110 = 3

Coolant on/off: Q111

M function Parameter value

M8: Coolant ON Q111 = 1

M9: Coolant OFF Q111 = 0

Overlap factor: Q112

The overlap factor for pocket milling (pocketOverlap) is assigned to
Q112.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 283

8.12 Preassigned Q Parameters
Unit of measurement for dimensions in the
program: Q113
During nesting the PGM CALL, the value of the parameter Q113
depends on the dimensional data of the program from which the other
programs are called.

Dimensional data of the main program Parameter value

Metric system (mm) Q113 = 0

Inch system (inches) Q113 = 1

Tool length: Q114

The current value for the tool length is assigned to Q114.

The TNC remembers the current tool length even if the

power is interrupted.

Coordinates after probing during program run

The parameters Q115 to Q119 contain the coordinates of the spindle
position at the moment of contact during programmed measurement
with the 3-D touch probe. The coordinates refer to the datum point
that is active in the Manual operating mode.
The length of the stylus and the radius of the ball tip are not
compensated in these coordinates.

Coordinate axis Parameter value

X axis Q115

Y axis Q116

Z axis Q117

4th axis Q118

Machine-dependent

5th axis Q119

Machine-dependent

284 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.12 Preassigned Q Parameters
Deviation between actual value and nominal
value during automatic tool measurement with
the TT 130

Deviation of actual from nominal value Parameter value

Tool length Q115

Tool radius Q116

Tilting the working plane with mathematical

angles: rotary axis coordinates calculated by the
TNC

Coordinates Parameter value

A axis Q120

B axis Q121

C axis Q122

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 285

8.12 Preassigned Q Parameters
Measurement results from touch probe cycles
(see also Users Manual for Touch Probe Cycles)

Measured actual values Parameter value

Angle of a straight line Q150

Center in reference axis Q151

Center in minor axis Q152

Diameter Q153

Pocket length Q154

Pocket width Q155

Length of the axis selected in the cycle Q156

Position of the centerline Q157

Angle of the A axis Q158

Angle of the B axis Q159

Coordinate of the axis selected in the cycle Q160

Measured deviation Parameter value

Center in reference axis Q161

Center in minor axis Q162

Diameter Q163

Pocket length Q164

Pocket width Q165

Measured length Q166

Position of the centerline Q167

Determined space angle Parameter value

Rotation about the A axis Q170

Rotation about the B axis Q171

Rotation about the C axis Q172

286 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.12 Preassigned Q Parameters
Workpiece status Parameter value
Good Q180

Rework Q181

Scrap Q182

Measured deviation with Cycle 440 Parameter value

X axis Q185

Y axis Q186

Z axis Q187

Markers for cycles Q188

Tool measurement with the BLUM laser Parameter value

Reserved Q190

Reserved Q191

Reserved Q192

Reserved Q193

Reserved for internal use Parameter value

Markers for cycles Q195

Markers for cycles Q196

Markers for cycles (machining patterns) Q197

Number of the last active measuring cycle Q198

Status of tool measurement with TT Parameter value

Tool within tolerance Q199 = 0.0

Tool is worn (LTOL/RTOL is exceeded) Q199 = 1.0

Tool is broken (LBREAK/RBREAK is Q199 = 2.0

exceeded)

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 287

8.13 Programming Examples
8.13 Programming Examples

Example: Ellipse

Program sequence
The contour of the ellipse is approximated by
many short lines (defined in Q7). The more Y
calculation steps you define for the lines, the
smoother the curve becomes.
The machining direction can be altered by 50
changing the entries for the starting and end
angles in the plane:

30
Clockwise machining direction:
starting angle > end angle
50
Counterclockwise machining direction:
starting angle < end angle
The tool radius is not taken into account.

X
50

0 BEGIN PGM ELLIPSE MM

1 FN 0: Q1 = +50 Center in X axis
2 FN 0: Q2 = +50 Center in Y axis
3 FN 0: Q3 = +50 Semiaxis in X
4 FN 0: Q4 = +30 Semiaxis in Y
5 FN 0: Q5 = +0 Starting angle in the plane
6 FN 0: Q6 = +360 End angle in the plane
7 FN 0: Q7 = +40 Number of calculation steps
8 FN 0: Q8 = +0 Rotational position of the ellipse
9 FN 0: Q9 = +5 Milling depth
10 FN 0: Q10 = +100 Feed rate for plunging
11 FN 0: Q11 = +350 Feed rate for milling
12 FN 0: Q12 = +2 Set-up clearance for pre-positioning
13 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20 Definition of workpiece blank
14 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
15 TOOL CALL 1 Z S4000 Tool call
16 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool
17 CALL LBL 10 Call machining operation

288 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.13 Programming Examples
18 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program
19 LBL 10 Subprogram 10: Machining operation
20 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT Shift datum to center of ellipse
21 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+Q1
22 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+Q2
23 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION Account for rotational position in the plane
24 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT+Q8
25 Q35 = (Q6 - Q5) / Q7 Calculate angle increment
26 Q36 = Q5 Copy starting angle
27 Q37 = 0 Set counter
28 Q21 = Q3 * COS Q36 Calculate X coordinate for starting point
29 Q22 = Q4 * SIN Q36 Calculate Y coordinate for starting point
30 L X+Q21 Y+Q22 R0 FMAX M3 Move to starting point in the plane
31 L Z+Q12 R0 FMAX Pre-position in spindle axis to set-up clearance
32 L Z-Q9 R0 FQ10 Move to working depth

33 LBL 1
34 Q36 = Q36 + Q35 Update the angle
35 Q37 = Q37 + 1 Update the counter
36 Q21 = Q3 * COS Q36 Calculate the current X coordinate
37 Q22 = Q4 * SIN Q36 Calculate the current Y coordinate
38 L X+Q21 Y+Q22 R0 FQ11 Move to next point
39 FN 12: IF +Q37 LT +Q7 GOTO LBL 1 Unfinished? If not finished, return to LBL 1

40 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION Reset the rotation

41 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT+0
42 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT Reset the datum shift
43 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+0
44 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+0
45 L Z+Q12 R0 FMAX Move to set-up clearance
46 LBL 0 End of subprogram
47 END PGM ELLIPSE MM

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 289

8.13 Programming Examples
Example: Concave cylinder machined with spherical cutter

Program sequence
Z
This program functions only with a spherical
cutter. The tool length refers to the sphere R4
center. 0 X
The contour of the cylinder is approximated by
many short line segments (defined in Q13). The
more line segments you define, the smoother -50
the curve becomes. Y Y
The cylinder is milled in longitudinal cuts (here: 100
parallel to the Y axis).
The machining direction can be altered by
changing the entries for the starting and end
angles in space:
Clockwise machining direction:
starting angle > end angle
Counterclockwise machining direction:
starting angle < end angle
The tool radius is compensated automatically.
50 100 X Z

0 BEGIN PGM CYLIN MM

1 FN 0: Q1 = +50 Center in X axis
2 FN 0: Q2 = +0 Center in Y axis
3 FN 0: Q3 = +0 Center in Z axis
4 FN 0: Q4 = +90 Starting angle in space (Z/X plane)
5 FN 0: Q5 = +270 End angle in space (Z/X plane)
6 FN 0: Q6 = +40 Cylinder radius
7 FN 0: Q7 = +100 Length of the cylinder
8 FN 0: Q8 = +0 Rotational position in the X/Y plane
9 FN 0: Q10 = +5 Allowance for cylinder radius
10 FN 0: Q11 = +250 Feed rate for plunging
11 FN 0: Q12 = +400 Feed rate for milling
12 FN 0: Q13 = +90 Number of cuts
13 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-50 Definition of workpiece blank
14 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
15 TOOL CALL 1 Z S4000 Tool call
16 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool
17 CALL LBL 10 Call machining operation
18 FN 0: Q10 = +0 Reset allowance
19 CALL LBL 10 Call machining operation

290 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.13 Programming Examples
20 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program

21 LBL 10 Subprogram 10: Machining operation

22 Q16 = Q6 - Q10 - Q108 Account for allowance and tool, based on the cylinder radius
23 FN 0: Q20 = +1 Set counter
24 FN 0: Q24 = +Q4 Copy starting angle in space (Z/X plane)
25 Q25 = (Q5 - Q4) / Q13 Calculate angle increment
26 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT Shift datum to center of cylinder (X axis)
27 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+Q1
28 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+Q2
29 CYCL DEF 7.3 Z+Q3
30 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION Account for rotational position in the plane
31 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT+Q8
32 L X+0 Y+0 R0 FMAX Pre-position in the plane to the cylinder center
33 L Z+5 R0 F1000 M3 Pre-position in the tool axis
34 LBL 1
35 CC Z+0 X+0 Set pole in the Z/X plane
36 LP PR+Q16 PA+Q24 FQ11 Move to starting position on cylinder, plunge-cutting obliquely into
the material
37 L Y+Q7 R0 FQ12 Longitudinal cut in Y+ direction
38 FN 1: Q20 = +Q20 + +1 Update the counter
39 FN 1: Q24 = +Q24 + +Q25 Update solid angle
40 FN 11: IF +Q20 GT +Q13 GOTO LBL 99 Finished? If finished, jump to end
41 LP PR+Q16 PA+Q24 FQ11 Move in an approximated arc for the next longitudinal cut
42 L Y+0 R0 FQ12 Longitudinal cut in Y direction
43 FN 1: Q20 = +Q20 + +1 Update the counter
44 FN 1: Q24 = +Q24 + +Q25 Update solid angle
45 FN 12: IF +Q20 LT +Q13 GOTO LBL 1 Unfinished? If not finished, return to LBL 1
46 LBL 99
47 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION Reset the rotation
48 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT+0
49 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT Reset the datum shift
50 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+0
51 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+0
52 CYCL DEF 7.3 Z+0
53 LBL 0 End of subprogram
54 END PGM CYLIN

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 291

8.13 Programming Examples
Example: Convex sphere machined with end mill

Program sequence
This program requires an end mill.
The contour of the sphere is approximated by Y Y
many short lines (in the Z/X plane, defined in
Q14). The smaller you define the angle 100
increment, the smoother the curve becomes.
You can determine the number of contour cuts
through the angle increment in the plane

5
5
R4

R4
(defined in Q18).
The tool moves upward in three-dimensional 50
cuts.
The tool radius is compensated automatically.

X Z
50 100 -50

0 BEGIN PGM SPHERE MM

1 FN 0: Q1 = +50 Center in X axis
2 FN 0: Q2 = +50 Center in Y axis
3 FN 0: Q4 = +90 Starting angle in space (Z/X plane)
4 FN 0: Q5 = +0 End angle in space (Z/X plane)
5 FN 0: Q14 = +5 Angle increment in space
6 FN 0: Q6 = +45 Radius of the sphere
7 FN 0: Q8 = +0 Starting angle of rotational position in the X/Y plane
8 FN 0: Q9 = +360 End angle of rotational position in the X/Y plane
9 FN 0: Q18 = +10 Angle increment in the X/Y plane for roughing
10 FN 0: Q10 = +5 Allowance in sphere radius for roughing
11 FN 0: Q11 = +2 Set-up clearance for pre-positioning in the tool axis
12 FN 0: Q12 = +350 Feed rate for milling
13 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-50 Definition of workpiece blank
14 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
15 TOOL CALL 1 Z S4000 Tool call
16 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool

292 Programming: Q Parameters

 8.13 Programming Examples
17 CALL LBL 10 Call machining operation
18 FN 0: Q10 = +0 Reset allowance
19 FN 0: Q18 = +5 Angle increment in the X/Y plane for finishing
20 CALL LBL 10 Call machining operation
21 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program
22 LBL 10 Subprogram 10: Machining operation
23 FN 1: Q23 = +Q11 + +Q6 Calculate Z coordinate for pre-positioning
24 FN 0: Q24 = +Q4 Copy starting angle in space (Z/X plane)
25 FN 1: Q26 = +Q6 + +Q108 Compensate sphere radius for pre-positioning
26 FN 0: Q28 = +Q8 Copy rotational position in the plane
27 FN 1: Q16 = +Q6 + -Q10 Account for allowance in the sphere radius
28 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT Shift datum to center of sphere
29 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+Q1
30 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+Q2
31 CYCL DEF 7.3 Z-Q16
32 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION Account for starting angle of rotational position in the plane
33 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT+Q8
34 LBL 1 Pre-position in the tool axis
35 CC X+0 Y+0 Set pole in the X/Y plane for pre-positioning
36 LP PR+Q26 PA+Q8 R0 FQ12 Pre-position in the plane
37 CC Z+0 X+Q108 Set pole in the Z/X plane, offset by the tool radius
38 L Y+0 Z+0 FQ12 Move to working depth

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 293

8.13 Programming Examples
39 LBL 2
40 LP PR+Q6 PA+Q24 FQ12 Move upward in an approximated arc
41 FN 2: Q24 = +Q24 - +Q14 Update solid angle
42 FN 11: IF +Q24 GT +Q5 GOTO LBL 2 Inquire whether an arc is finished. If not finished, return to LBL 2
43 LP PR+Q6 PA+Q5 Move to the end angle in space
44 L Z+Q23 R0 F1000 Retract in the tool axis
45 L X+Q26 R0 FMAX Pre-position for next arc
46 FN 1: Q28 = +Q28 + +Q18 Update rotational position in the plane
47 FN 0: Q24 = +Q4 Reset solid angle
48 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION Activate new rotational position
49 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROT+Q28
50 FN 12: IF +Q28 LT +Q9 GOTO LBL 1
51 FN 9: IF +Q28 EQU +Q9 GOTO LBL 1 Unfinished? If not finished, return to label 1
52 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION Reset the rotation
53 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT+0
54 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT Reset the datum shift
55 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+0
56 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+0
57 CYCL DEF 7.3 Z+0
58 LBL 0 End of subprogram
59 END PGM SPHERE MM

294 Programming: Q Parameters

Programming:
Miscellaneous Functions
9.1 Entering Miscellaneous Functions M and STOP
9.1 Entering Miscellaneous
Functions M and STOP
Fundamentals
With the TNC's miscellaneous functionsalso called M functions
you can affect
the program run, e.g., a program interruption
the machine functions, such as switching spindle rotation and
coolant supply on and off
the path behavior of the tool

The machine tool builder may add some M functions that

are not described in this User's Manual. Refer to your
machine manual.

You can enter up to two M functions at the end of a positioning block

or in a separate block. The TNC displays the following dialog question:
Miscellaneous function M ?
You usually enter only the number of the M function in the
programming dialog. Some M functions can be programmed with
additional parameters. In this case, the dialog is continued for the
parameter input.
In the Manual Operation and Electronic Handwheel modes of
operation, the M functions are entered with the M soft key.

Please note that some M functions become effective at

the start of a positioning block, and others at the end,
regardless of their position in the NC block.
M functions come into effect in the block in which they are
called.
Some M functions are effective only in the block in which
they are programmed. Unless the M function is only
effective blockwise, either you must cancel it in a
subsequent block with a separate M function, or it is
automatically canceled by the TNC at the end of the
program.

Entering an M function in a STOP block

If you program a STOP block, the program run or test run is interrupted
at the block, for example for tool inspection. You can also enter an M
function in a STOP block:
U To program an interruption of program run, press the
STOP key
U Enter a miscellaneous function M
Example NC blocks

87 STOP M6

296 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions

 9.2 Miscellaneous Functions for Program Run Control, Spindle and Coolant
9.2 Miscellaneous Functions for
Program Run Control, Spindle
and Coolant
Overview

N Effect Effective at block... Start End

M0 Stop program run
Spindle STOP
Coolant OFF

M1 Optional program STOP

Spindle STOP
Coolant OFF

M2 Stop program run

Spindle STOP
Coolant OFF
Go to block 1
Clear the status display (dependent
on the clearMode machine
parameter)

M3 Spindle ON clockwise

M4 Spindle ON counterclockwise

M5 Spindle STOP

M6 Tool change
Spindle STOP
Stop program run

M8 Coolant ON

M9 Coolant OFF

M13 Spindle ON clockwise

Coolant ON

M14 Spindle ON counterclockwise

Coolant ON

M30 Same as M2

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 297

9.3 Miscellaneous Functions for Coordinate Data
9.3 Miscellaneous Functions for
Coordinate Data
Programming machine-referenced coordinates:
M91/M92
Scale reference point
On the scale, a reference mark indicates the position of the scale
reference point.

Machine datum XMP

The machine datum is required for the following tasks:
Defining the limits of traverse (software limit switches) X (Z,Y)
Moving to machine-referenced positions (such as tool change
positions)
Setting the workpiece datum
The distance in each axis from the scale reference point to the
machine datum is defined by the machine tool builder in a machine
parameter.

Standard behavior
The TNC references coordinates to the workpiece datum (see "Datum
Setting without a 3-D Touch Probe", page 358).

Behavior with M91Machine datum

If you want the coordinates in a positioning block to be referenced to
the machine datum, end the block with M91.

If you program incremental coordinates in an M91 block,

enter them with respect to the last programmed M91
position. If no M91 position is programmed in the active
NC block, then enter the coordinates with respect to the
current tool position.

The coordinate values on the TNC screen are referenced to the

machine datum. Switch the display of coordinates in the status display
to REF (see "Status Displays", page 63).

298 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions

 9.3 Miscellaneous Functions for Coordinate Data
Behavior with M92Additional machine datum

In addition to the machine datum, the machine tool builder

can also define an additional machine-based position as a
reference point.
For each axis, the machine tool builder defines the
distance between the machine datum and this additional
machine datum. Refer to the machine manual for more
information.

If you want the coordinates in a positioning block to be based on the

additional machine datum, end the block with M92.

Radius compensation remains the same in blocks that are

programmed with M91 or M92. The tool length, however,
is not compensated.

Effect
M91 and M92 are effective only in the blocks in which they are
programmed.
M91 and M92 take effect at the start of block.

Workpiece datum
If you want the coordinates to always be referenced to the machine
datum, you can inhibit datum setting for one or more axes.
Z
If datum setting is inhibited for all axes, the TNC no longer displays the
SET DATUM soft key in the Manual Operation mode. Z
The figure shows coordinate systems with the machine datum and Y
workpiece datum.
Y
M91/M92 in the Test Run mode X
In order to be able to graphically simulate M91/M92 movements, you
need to activate working space monitoring and display the workpiece
blank referenced to the set datum (see "Show the Workpiece in the X
Working Space (Advanced Graphic Features Software Option)", page M
401).

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 299

9.3 Miscellaneous Functions for Coordinate Data
Moving to positions in a non-tilted coordinate
system with a tilted working plane: M130
Standard behavior with a tilted working plane
The TNC places the coordinates in the positioning blocks in the tilted
coordinate system.

Behavior with M130

The TNC places coordinates in straight line blocks in the untilted
coordinate system.
The TNC then positions the (tilted) tool to the programmed
coordinates of the untilted system.

Danger of collision!
Subsequent positioning blocks or fixed cycles are carried
out in a tilted coordinate system. This can lead to problems
in fixed cycles with absolute pre-positioning.
The function M130 is allowed only if the tilted working
plane function is active.

Effect
M130 functions blockwise in straight-line blocks without tool radius
compensation.

300 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions

 9.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior
9.4 Miscellaneous Functions for
Contouring Behavior
Machining small contour steps: M97
Standard behavior
The TNC inserts a transition arc at outside corners. If the contour steps
are very small, however, the tool would damage the contour.
In such cases the TNC interrupts program run and generates the error Y
message Tool radius too large.

Behavior with M97

The TNC calculates the intersection of the contour elementsas at
inside cornersand moves the tool over this point.
Program M97 in the same block as the outside corner.

Instead of M97 you should use the much more powerful

function M120 LA (see Calculating the radius-
compensated path in advance (LOOK AHEAD): M120
(Miscellaneous functions software option) on page 306). X

Effect
M97 is effective only in the blocks in which it is programmed.
Y
A corner machined with M97 will not be completely
finished. You may wish to rework the contour with a
smaller tool.
S S

13 16
17

14 15

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9.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior
Example NC blocks
5 TOOL DEF L ... R+20 Large tool radius
...
13 L X... Y... R... F... M97 Move to contour point 13
14 L IY-0.5 ... R... F... Machine small contour step 13 to 14
15 L IX+100 ... Move to contour point 15
16 L IY+0.5 ... R... F... M97 Machine small contour step 15 to 16
17 L X... Y... Move to contour point 17

302 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions

 9.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior
Machining open contours corners: M98
Standard behavior
The TNC calculates the intersections of the cutter paths at inside
corners and moves the tool in the new direction at those points.
If the contour is open at the corners, however, this will result in Y
incomplete machining.

Behavior with M98

With the miscellaneous function M98, the TNC temporarily suspends
radius compensation to ensure that both corners are completely
machined:

Effect
M98 is effective only in the blocks in which it is programmed. S S
M98 takes effect at the end of block.
X
Example NC blocks
Move to the contour points 10, 11 and 12 in succession:

10 L X... Y... RL F
11 L X... IY... M98
Y
12 L IX+ ...

10

11 12
X

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9.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior
Feed rate factor for plunging movements: M103
Standard behavior
The TNC moves the tool at the last programmed feed rate, regardless
of the direction of traverse.

Behavior with M103

The TNC reduces the feed rate when the tool moves in the
negative direction of the tool axis. The feed rate for plunging
FZMAX is calculated from the last programmed feed rate FPROG
and a factor F%:
FZMAX = FPROG x F%

Programming M103
If you enter M103 in a positioning block, the TNC continues the dialog
by asking you the factor F.

Effect
M103 becomes effective at the start of block.
To cancel M103, program M103 once again without a factor.

M103 is also effective in an active tilted working plane.

The feed rate reduction is then effective during traverse in
the negative direction of the tilted tool axis.

Example NC blocks
The feed rate for plunging is to be 20% of the feed rate in the plane.

... Actual contouring feed rate (mm/min):

17 L X+20 Y+20 RL F500 M103 F20 500
18 L Y+50 500
19 L IZ-2.5 100
20 L IY+5 IZ-5 141
21 L IX+50 500
22 L Z+5 500

304 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions

 9.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior
Feed rate in millimeters per spindle revolution:
M136
Standard behavior
The TNC moves the tool at the programmed feed rate F in mm/min.

Behavior with M136

In inch-programs, M136 is not permitted in combination

with the new alternate feed rate FU.
The spindle is not permitted to be controlled when M136
is active.

With M136, the TNC does not move the tool in mm/min, but rather at
the programmed feed rate F in millimeters per spindle revolution. If
you change the spindle speed by using the spindle override, the TNC
changes the feed rate accordingly.

Effect
M136 becomes effective at the start of block.
You can cancel M136 by programming M137.

Feed rate for circular arcs: M109/M110/M111

Standard behavior
The TNC applies the programmed feed rate to the path of the tool
center.

Behavior at circular arcs with M109

The TNC adjusts the feed rate for circular arcs at inside and outside
contours so that the feed rate at the tool cutting edge remains
constant.

Behavior at circular arcs with M110

The TNC keeps the feed rate constant for circular arcs at inside
contours only. At outside contours, the feed rate is not adjusted.

If you define M109 or M110 before calling a machining

cycle with a number greater than 200, the adjusted feed
rate is also effective for circular arcs within these
machining cycles. The initial state is restored after
finishing or aborting a machining cycle.

Effect
M109 and M110 become effective at the start of block. To cancel
M109 and M110, enter M111.

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9.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior
Calculating the radius-compensated path in
advance (LOOK AHEAD): M120 (Miscellaneous
functions software option)
Standard behavior
If the tool radius is larger than the contour step that is to be machined
with radius compensation, the TNC interrupts program run and
generates an error message. M97 (see Machining small contour
steps: M97 on page 301) inhibits the error message, but this results
in dwell marks and will also move the corner.
If the programmed contour contains undercut features, the tool may
damage the contour.

Behavior with M120

The TNC checks radius-compensated paths for contour undercuts and
tool path intersections, and calculates the tool path in advance from
the current block. Areas of the contour that might be damaged by the Y
tool are not machined (dark areas in figure). You can also use M120 to
calculate the radius compensation for digitized data or data created on
an external programming system. This means that deviations from the
theoretical tool radius can be compensated.
Use LA (Look Ahead) after M120 to define the number of blocks
(maximum: 99) that you want the TNC to calculate in advance. Note
that the larger the number of blocks you choose, the higher the block
processing time will be.

Input
If you enter M120 in a positioning block, the TNC continues the dialog
for this block by asking you the number of blocks LA that are to be X
calculated in advance.

306 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions

 9.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior
Effect
M120 must be located in an NC block that also contains radius
compensation RL or RR. M120 is then effective from this block until
radius compensation is canceled with R0
M120 LA0 is programmed, or
M120 is programmed without LA, or
another program is called with PGM CALL
the working plane is tilted with Cycle 19 or the PLANE function
M120 becomes effective at the start of block.

Restrictions
After an external or internal stop, you can only re-enter the contour
with the function RESTORE POS. AT N. Before you start the block
scan, you must cancel M120, otherwise the TNC will output an error
message.
When using the path functions RND and CHF, the blocks before and
after RND or CHF must contain only coordinates in the working plane
If you want to approach the contour on a tangential path, you must
use the function APPR LCT. The block with APPR LCT must contain
only coordinates of the working plane.
If you want to depart the contour on a tangential path, use the
function DEP LCT. The block with DEP LCT must contain only
coordinates of the working plane.
Before using the functions listed below, you have to cancel M120
and the radius compensation:
Cycle 32 Tolerance
Cycle 19 Working plane
PLANE function
M114
M128

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9.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior
Superimposing handwheel positioning during
program run: M118 (Miscellaneous functions
software option)
Standard behavior
In the program run modes, the TNC moves the tool as defined in the
part program.

Behavior with M118

M118 permits manual corrections by handwheel during program run.
Just program M118 and enter an axis-specific value (linear or rotary
axis) in millimeters.

Input
If you enter M118 in a positioning block, the TNC continues the dialog
for this block by asking you the axis-specific values. The coordinates
are entered with the orange axis direction buttons or the ASCII
keyboard.

Effect
Cancel handwheel positioning by programming M118 once again
without coordinate input.
M118 becomes effective at the start of block.

Example NC blocks
You want to be able to use the handwheel during program run to move
the tool in the working plane X/Y by 1 mm and in the rotary axis B by
5 from the programmed value:

L X+0 Y+38.5 RL F125 M118 X1 Y1 B5

M118 is effective in a tilted coordinate system if you

activate the tilted working plane function for Manual
Operation mode. If the tilted working plane function is not
active for Manual Operation mode, the original coordinate
system is effective.
M118 also functions in the Positioning with MDI mode of
operation!
If M118 is active, the MANUAL TRAVERSE function is not
available after a program interruption.

308 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions

 9.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior
Retraction from the contour in the tool-axis
direction: M140
Standard behavior
In the program run modes, the TNC moves the tool as defined in the
part program.

Behavior with M140

With M140 MB (move back) you can enter a path in the direction of
the tool axis for departure from the contour.

Input
If you enter M140 in a positioning block, the TNC continues the dialog
and asks for the desired path of tool departure from the contour. Enter
the requested path that the tool should follow when departing the
contour, or press the MB MAX soft key to move to the limit of the
traverse range.
In addition, you can program the feed rate at which the tool traverses
the entered path. If you do not enter a feed rate, the TNC moves the
tool along the entered path at rapid traverse.

Effect
M140 is effective only in the block in which it is programmed.
M140 becomes effective at the start of the block.

Example NC blocks
Block 250: Retract the tool 50 mm from the contour.
Block 251: Move the tool to the limit of the traverse range.

250 L X+0 Y+38.5 F125 M140 MB 50 F750

251 L X+0 Y+38.5 F125 M140 MB MAX

M140 is also effective if the tilted-working-plane function

is active. On machines with tilting heads, the TNC then
moves the tool in the tilted coordinate system.
With M140 MB MAX you can only retract in positive direction.
Always define a TOOL CALL with a tool axis before
entering M140, otherwise the direction of traverse is not
defined.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 309

9.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior
Suppressing touch probe monitoring: M141
Standard behavior
When the stylus is deflected, the TNC outputs an error message as
soon as you attempt to move a machine axis.

Behavior with M141

The TNC moves the machine axes even if the touch probe is
deflected. This function is required if you wish to write your own
measuring cycle in connection with measuring cycle 3 in order to
retract the stylus by means of a positioning block after it has been
deflected.

Danger of collision!
If you use M141, make sure that you retract the touch
probe in the correct direction.
M141 functions only for movements with straight-line
blocks.

Effect
M141 is effective only in the block in which it is programmed.
M141 becomes effective at the start of the block.

310 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions

 9.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior
Automatically retract tool from the contour at an
NC stop: M148
Standard behavior
At an NC stop the TNC stops all traverse movements. The tool stops
moving at the point of interruption.

Behavior with M148

The M148 function must be enabled by the machine tool

builder. The machine tool builder defines in a machine
parameter the path that the TNC is to traverse for a
LIFTOFF command.

The TNC retracts the tool by up to 30 mm in the direction of the tool

axis if, in the LIFTOFF column of the tool table, you set the parameter
Y for the active tool (see Tool table: Standard tool data on page 136).
LIFTOFF takes effect in the following situations:
An NC stop triggered by you
An NC stop triggered by the software, e.g. if an error occurred in the
drive system
When a power interruption occurs

Danger of collision!
Remember that, especially on curved surfaces, the
surface can be damaged during return to the contour. Back
the tool off before returning to the contour!
In the CfgLiftOff machine parameter, define the value by
which the tool is to be retracted . In the CfgLiftOff
machine parameter you can also switch off the function.

Effect
M148 remains in effect until deactivated with M149.
M148 becomes effective at the start of block, M149 at the end of
block.

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 9.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior

312
Programming: Miscellaneous Functions
Programming: Special
Functions
10.1 Overview of Special Functions
10.1 Overview of Special Functions
Press the SPEC FCT and the corresponding soft keys to access further
special functions of the TNC. The following tables will give you an
overview of which functions are available.

Main menu for SPEC FCT special functions

U Select the special functions

Function Soft key Description

Define program defaults Page 315

Functions for contour and point Page 315

machining

Define the PLANE function Page 327

Define different conversational Page 316

functions

Define structure items Page 115

314 Programming: Special Functions

 10.1 Overview of Special Functions
Program defaults menu
U Select the program defaults menu

Function Soft key Description

Define the workpiece blank Page 79

Select datum table See Users

Manual for Cycles

Functions for contour and point machining

menu
U Select the menu for functions for contour and point
machining.

Function Soft key Description

Assign contour description See Users
Manual for Cycles

Define a simple contour formula See Users

Manual for Cycles

Select a contour definition See Users

Manual for Cycles

Define a complex contour See Users

formula Manual for Cycles

Define regular machining pattern See Users

Manual for Cycles

Select the point file with See Users

machining positions Manual for Cycles

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 315

10.1 Overview of Special Functions
Menu of various conversational functions
U Select the menu for defining various conversational
functions

Function Soft key Description

Define the positioning behavior Page 317
for parallel axes U, V, W

Define string functions Page 273

Adding comments Page 113

316 Programming: Special Functions

 10.2 Working with the Parallel Axes U, V and W
10.2 Working with the Parallel Axes
U, V and W
Overview

Your machine must be configured by the machine

manufacturer if you want to use parallel-axis functions.

The axes U, V and W are secondary axes parallel to the principal axes
X, Y and Z, respectively. Principal axes and parallel axes are
permanently assigned to each other. Z
Principal axis Parallel axis Rotary axis
X U A Y W+
Y V B
C+
Z W C B+
V+ A+ X
The TNC provides the following functions for machining with the
parallel axes U, V and W:
U+
Function Meaning Soft key Page
PARAXCOMP Define the TNC's Page 320
behavior when
positioning parallel axes

PARAXMODE Define the axes the TNC Page 321

is to use for machining

After the TNC is started up, the standard configuration is

always effective.
Parallel-axis functions are automatically reset by the
following functions:
Selection of a program
End of program
M2 or M30
Program cancellation (PARAXCOMP remains active)
PARAXCOMP OFF or PARAXMODE OFF
You must deactivate the parallel-axis functions before
switching the machine kinematics.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 317

10.2 Working with the Parallel Axes U, V and W
FUNCTION PARAXCOMP DISPLAY
Use the PARAXCOMP DISPLAY function to activate the display function Example: NC block
for parallel axis movements. The TNC considers the traverse
movements of the parallel axis in the position display of the associated 13 FUNCTION PARAXCOMP DISPLAY W
principal axis (sum display). Therefore, the position display of the
principal axis always displays the relative distance from the tool to the
workpiece, regardless of whether you move the principal axis or the
minor axis.
Proceed as follows for the definition:
U Show the soft-key row with special functions

U Select the menu for defining various plain-language

functions
U Select FUNCTION PARAX

U Select FUNCTION PARAXCOMP

U Select FUNCTION PARAXCOMP DISPLAY

U Define the parallel axis whose movements the TNC is
to take into account in the associated principal axis

318 Programming: Special Functions

 10.2 Working with the Parallel Axes U, V and W
FUNCTION PARAXCOMP MOVE
Example: NC block
The PARAXCOMP MOVE function can be used only in
13 FUNCTION PARAXCOMP MOVE W
connection with straight-line blocks (L).

The TNC uses the PARAXCOMP MOVE function to compensate for the
movement of a parallel axis by performing a compensation movement
in the associated principal axis.
For example, if a parallel axis moves in the negative W-axis direction,
the principal axis Z simultaneously moves in the positive direction by
the same value. The relative distance from the tool to the workpiece
remains the same. Application in gantry-type milling machine: Retract
the spindle sleeve to move the cross beam down simultaneously.
Proceed as follows for the definition:
U Show the soft-key row with special functions

U Select the menu for defining various plain-language

functions
U Select FUNCTION PARAX

U Select FUNCTION PARAXCOMP

U Select FUNCTION PARAXCOMP MOVE

U Define the parallel axis

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 319

10.2 Working with the Parallel Axes U, V and W
FUNCTION PARAXCOMP OFF
Use the PARAXCOMP OFF function to switch off the parallel-axis Example: NC blocks
functions PARAXCOMP DISPLAY and PARAXCOMP MOVE. Proceed as follows
for the definition: 13 FUNCTION PARAXCOMP OFF

U Show the soft-key row with special functions 13 FUNCTION PARAXCOMP OFF W

U Select the menu for defining various plain-language

functions
U Select FUNCTION PARAX

U Select FUNCTION PARAXCOMP

U Select FUNCTION PARAXCOMP OFF. If you want to switch

off the parallel-axis functions only for individual
parallel axes, then the respective axis must be
specifically indicated.

320 Programming: Special Functions

 10.2 Working with the Parallel Axes U, V and W
FUNCTION PARAXMODE
Example: NC block
To activate the PARAXMODE function, you must always define
13 FUNCTION PARAXMODE X Y W
three axes.
You can also use the PARAXMODE function in conjunction with
the PARAXCOMP function.

Use the PARAXMODE function to define the axes the TNC is to use for
machining. You program all traverse movements and contour
descriptions in the principal axes X, Y and Z, independent of your
machine.
Define the three axes in the PARAXMODE function (e.g. FUNCTION
PARAXMODE X Y W), which the TNC is to use to execute the programmed
traverse movements.
Proceed as follows for the definition:
U Show the soft-key row with special functions

U Select the menu for defining various plain-language

functions
U Select FUNCTION PARAX

U Select FUNCTION PARAXMODE

U Select FUNCTION PARAXMODE

U Define the axes for machining

Move the principal axis and the parallel axis simultaneously

If the PARAXMODE function is active, the TNC uses the axes defined in Example: NC block
the function to execute the programmed traverse movements. If the
TNC is to traverse a parallel axis simultaneously with the associated 13 FUNCTION PARAXMODE X Y W
principal axis, you can identify the respective axis by additionally 14 L Z+100 &Z+150 R0 FMAX
entering the character &. The axis identified by the & character then
refers to the axis that is not defined in the PARAXMODE function.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 321

10.2 Working with the Parallel Axes U, V and W
FUNCTION PARAXMODE OFF
Use the PARAXCOMP OFF function to switch off the parallel-axis function. Example: NC block
The TNC then uses the principal axes defined by the machine
manufacturer. Proceed as follows for the definition: 13 FUNCTION PARAXCOMP OFF

U Show the soft-key row with special functions

U Select the menu for defining various plain-language

functions
U Select FUNCTION PARAX

U Select FUNCTION PARAXMODE

U Select FUNCTION PARAXMODE OFF

322 Programming: Special Functions

Programming: Multiple
Axis Machining
11.1 Functions for Multiple Axis Machining
11.1 Functions for Multiple Axis
Machining
The TNC functions for multiple axis machining are described in this
chapter.

TNC function Description Page

PLANE Define machining in the tilted working plane Page 325

M116 Feed rate of rotary axes Page 346

M126 Shortest-path traverse of rotary axes Page 347

M94 Reduce display value of rotary axes Page 348

324 Programming: Multiple Axis Machining

 11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting
the Working Plane (Software
Option 1)
Introduction

The machine manufacturer must enable the functions for

tilting the working plane!
You can only use the PLANE function in its entirety on
machines which have at least two rotary axes (head and/or
table). Exception: PLANE AXIAL can also be used if only a
single rotary axis is present or active on your machine.

The PLANE function is a powerful function for defining tilted working

planes in various manners.
All PLANE functions available on the TNC describe the desired working
plane independently of the rotary axes actually present on your
machine. The following possibilities are available:

Function Required parameters Soft key Page

SPATIAL Three space angles: SPA, Page 329
SPB, and SPC

PROJECTED Two projection angles: Page 331

PROPR and PROMIN and a
rotation angle ROT

EULER Three Euler angles: Page 333

precession (EULPR),
nutation (EULNU) and
rotation (EULROT)

VECTOR Norm vector for defining Page 335

the plane and base vector
for defining the direction of
the tilted X axis

POINTS Coordinates of any three Page 337

points in the plane to be
tilted

RELATIVE Single, incrementally Page 339

effective spatial angle

AXIAL Up to three absolute or Page 340

incremental axis angles
A, B, C

RESET Reset the PLANE function Page 328

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 325

11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
The parameter definition of the PLANE function is separated
into two parts:
The geometric definition of the plane, which is different
for each of the available PLANE functions.
The positioning behavior of the PLANE function, which is
independent of the plane definition and is identical for all
PLANE functions (see Specifying the positioning
behavior of the PLANE function on page 342).

The actual-position-capture function is not possible with

an active tilted working plane.
If you use the PLANE function when M120 is active, the TNC
automatically rescinds the radius compensation, which
also rescinds the M120 function.
Always use PLANE RESET to reset PLANE functions. Entering
0 in all PLANE parameters does not completely reset the
function.

326 Programming: Multiple Axis Machining

 11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Define the PLANE function
U Show the soft-key row with special functions

U Select the PLANE function: Press the TILT MACHINING

PLANE soft key: The TNC displays the available
definition possibilities in the soft-key row
Selecting functions
U Select the desired function by soft key. The TNC continues the
dialog and requests the required parameters.

Position display
As soon as a PLANE function is active, the TNC shows the calculated
space angle in the additional status display (see figure). As a rule, the
TNC internally always calculates with space angles, independent of
which PLANE function is active.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 327

11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Reset the PLANE function
U Show the soft-key row with special functions Example: NC block

25 PLANE RESET MOVE SET-UP50 F1000

U Select special TNC functions: Press the SPECIAL TNC
FUNCTIONS soft key
U Select the PLANE function: Press the TILT
MACHINING PLANE soft key: The TNC displays the
available definition possibilities in the soft-key row
U Select the Reset function. This internally resets the
PLANE function, but does not change the current axis
positions
U Specify whether the TNC should automatically move
the rotary axes to the default setting (MOVE or TURN) or
not (STAY) (see Automatic positioning:
MOVE/TURN/STAY (entry is mandatory) on page
342)
U To terminate entry, press the END key

The PLANE RESET function resets the current PLANE

functionor an active 19completely (angles = 0 and
function is inactive). It does not need to be defined more
than once.

328 Programming: Multiple Axis Machining

 11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Defining the machining plane with space angles:
PLANE SPATIAL
Function
Spatial angles define a machining plane through up to three rotations
around the fixed machine coordinate system. The sequence of
rotations is firmly specified: first around the A axis, then B, and then C
(the function corresponds to Cycle 19, if the entries in Cycle 19 are set
to space angles).

Before programming, note the following

You must always define the three space angles SPA, SPB,
and SPC, even if one of them = 0.
The sequence of the rotations described above is
independent of the active tool axis.
Parameter description for the positioning behavior: See
Specifying the positioning behavior of the PLANE
function on page 342.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 329

11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Input parameters
U Spatial angle A?: Rotational angle SPA around the
fixed machine axis X (see figure at top right). Input
range from -359.9999 to +359.9999
U Spatial angle B?: Rotational angle SPB around the
fixed machine axis Y (see figure at top right). Input
range from -359.9999 to +359.9999
U Spatial angle C?: Rotational angle SPC around the
fixed machine axis Z (see figure at center right). Input
range from -359.9999 to +359.9999
U Continue with the positioning properties (see
Specifying the positioning behavior of the PLANE
function on page 342)
Abbreviations used

Abbreviation Meaning
SPATIAL Spatial = in space

SPA Spatial A: rotation about the X axis

SPB Spatial B: rotation about the Y axis

SPC Spatial C: rotation about the Z axis

Example: NC block

5 PLANE SPATIAL SPA+27 SPB+0 SPC+45 .....

330 Programming: Multiple Axis Machining

 11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Defining the machining plane with projection
angles: PROJECTED PLANE
Application
Projection angles define a machining plane through the entry of two
angles that you determine by projecting the first coordinate plane (Z/X
plane with tool axis Z) and the second coordinate plane (Y/Z with tool
axis Z) onto the machining plane to be defined.

Before programming, note the following

You can only use projection angles if the angle definitions
are given with respect to a rectangular cuboid. Otherwise
distortions could occur on the workpiece.
Parameter description for the positioning behavior: See
Specifying the positioning behavior of the PLANE
function on page 342.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 331

11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Input parameters
U Proj. angle 1st coordinate plane?: Projected
angle of the tilted machining plane in the 1st
coordinate plane of the fixed machine
coordinate system (Z/X for tool axis Z, see figure
at top right). Input range: from -89.9999 to
+89.9999. The 0 axis is the principal axis of
the active machining plane (X for tool axis Z. See
figure at top right for positive direction).
U Proj. angle 2nd coordinate plane?: Projected angle
in the 2nd coordinate plane of the fixed machine
coordinate system (Y/Z for tool axis Z, see figure at
top right). Input range: from -89.9999 to +89.9999.
The 0 axis is the minor axis of the active machining
plane (Y for tool axis Z).
U ROT angle of the tilted plane?: Rotation of the
tilted coordinate system around the tilted tool axis
(corresponds to a rotation with Cycle 10 ROTATION).
The rotation angle is used to simply specify the
direction of the principal axis of the machining plane
(X for tool axis Z, Z for tool axis Y; see figure at bottom
right). Input range: -360 to +360
U Continue with the positioning properties (see
Specifying the positioning behavior of the PLANE
function on page 342)
NC block

5 PLANE PROJECTED PROPR+24 PROMIN+24 PROROT+30 .....

Abbreviations used

Abbreviation Meaning
PROJECTED Projected

PROPR Principal plane

PROMIN Minor plane

PROROT Rotation

332 Programming: Multiple Axis Machining

 11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Defining the machining plane with Euler angles:
EULER PLANE
Application
Euler angles define a machining plane through up to three rotations
about the respectively tilted coordinate system. The Swiss
mathematician Leonhard Euler defined these angles. When applied to
the machine coordinate system, they have the following meanings:

Precession angle Rotation of the coordinate system around the Z

EULPR axis
Nutation angle Rotation of the coordinate system around the X
EULNU axis already shifted by the precession angle
Rotation angle Rotation of the tilted machining plane around the
EULROT tilted Z axis

Before programming, note the following

The sequence of the rotations described above is
independent of the active tool axis.
Parameter description for the positioning behavior: See
Specifying the positioning behavior of the PLANE
function on page 342.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 333

11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Input parameters
U Rot. angle main coordinate plane?: Rotary angle
EULPR around the Z axis (see figure at top right).
Please note:
Input range: -180.0000 to +180.0000
The 0 axis is the X axis.
U Tilting angle tool axis?: Tilting angle EULNUT of the
coordinate system around the X axis shifted by the
precession angle (see figure at center right). Please
note:
Input range: 0 to +180.0000
The 0 axis is the Z axis.
U ROT angle of the tilted plane?: Rotation EULROT of
the tilted coordinate system around the tilted Z axis
(corresponds to a rotation with Cycle 10 ROTATION).
Use the rotation angle to simply define the direction
of the X axis in the tilted machining plane (see figure
at bottom right). Please note:
Input range: 0 to 360.0000
The 0 axis is the X axis.
U Continue with the positioning properties (see
Specifying the positioning behavior of the PLANE
function on page 342)
NC block

5 PLANE EULER EULPR45 EULNU20 EULROT22 .....

Abbreviations used

Abbreviation Meaning
EULER Swiss mathematician who defined these angles

EULPR Precession angle: angle describing the rotation of

the coordinate system around the Z axis

EULNU Nutation angle: angle describing the rotation of

the coordinate system around the X axis shifted
by the precession angle

EULROT Rotation angle: angle describing the rotation of

the tilted machining plane around the tilted Z axis

334 Programming: Multiple Axis Machining

 11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Defining the machining plane with two vectors:
VECTOR PLANE
Application
You can use the definition of a machining plane via two vectors if your
CAD system can calculate the base vector and normal vector of the
tilted machining plane. A normalized input is not necessary. The TNC
calculates the normal, so you can enter values between -9.999999 and
+9.999999.
The base vector required for the definition of the machining plane is
defined by the components BX, BY and BZ (see figure at right). The
normal vector is defined by the components NX, NY and NZ.
The base vector defines the direction of the X axis in the tilted
machining plane, and the normal vector determines the direction of
the tool axis, and at the same time is perpendicular to it.

Before programming, note the following

The TNC calculates standardized vectors from the values
you enter.
Parameter description for the positioning behavior: See
Specifying the positioning behavior of the PLANE
function on page 342.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 335

11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Input parameters
U X component of base vector?: X component BX of the
base vector B (see figure at top right). Input range:
-9.9999999 to +9.9999999
U Y component of base vector?: Y component BY of the
base vector B (see figure at top right). Input range:
-9.9999999 to +9.9999999
U Z component of base vector?: Z component BZ of the
base vector B (see figure at top right). Input range:
-9.9999999 to +9.9999999
U X component of normal vector?: X component NX of
the normal vector N (see figure at center right). Input
range: -9.9999999 to +9.9999999
U Y component of normal vector?: Y component NY of
the normal vector N (see figure at center right). Input
range: -9.9999999 to +9.9999999
U Z component of normal vector?: Z component NZ of
the normal vector N (see figure at lower right). Input
range: -9.9999999 to +9.9999999
U Continue with the positioning properties (see
Specifying the positioning behavior of the PLANE
function on page 342)
NC block

5 PLANE VECTOR BX0.8 BY-0.4 BZ-

0.4472 NX0.2 NY0.2 NZ0.9592 ...

Abbreviations used

Abbreviation Meaning
VECTOR Vector

BX, BY, BZ Base vector: X, Y and Z components

NX, NY, NZ Normal vector: X, Y and Z components

336 Programming: Multiple Axis Machining

 11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Defining the machining plane via three points:
POINTS PLANE
Application
A machining plane can be uniquely defined by entering any three
points P1 to P3 in this plane. This possibility is realized in the POINTS P3
PLANE function.
P2
Before programming, note the following
The connection from Point 1 to Point 2 determines the
direction of the tilted principal axis (X for tool axis Z).
P1 +Z
The direction of the tilted tool axis is determined by the
position of Point 3 relative to the connecting line between +X
Point 1 and Point 2. Use the right-hand rule (thumb = X
axis, index finger = Y axis, middle finger = Z axis (see +Y
figure at right)) to remember: thumb (X axis) points from
Point 1 to Point 2, index finger (Y axis) points parallel to the
tilted Y axis in the direction of Point 3. Then the middle
finger points in the direction of the tilted tool axis.
The three points define the slope of the plane. The
position of the active datum is not changed by the TNC.
Parameter description for the positioning behavior: See
Specifying the positioning behavior of the PLANE
function on page 342.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 337

11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Input parameters
U X coordinate of 1st plane point?: X coordinate P1X
of the 1st plane point (see figure at top right).
U Y coordinate of 1st plane point?: Y coordinate P1Y
of the 1st plane point (see figure at top right).
U Z coordinate of 1st plane point?: Z coordinate P1Z
of the 1st plane point (see figure at top right).
U X coordinate of 2nd plane point?: X coordinate P2X
of the 2nd plane point (see figure at center right).
U Y coordinate of 2nd plane point?: Y coordinate P2Y
of the 2nd plane point (see figure at center right).
U Z coordinate of 2nd plane point?: Z coordinate P2Z
of the 2nd plane point (see figure at center right).
U X coordinate of 3rd plane point?: X coordinate P3X
of the 3rd plane point (see figure at bottom right).
U Y coordinate of 3rd plane point?: Y coordinate P3Y
of the 3rd plane point (see figure at bottom right).
U Z coordinate of 3rd plane point?: Z coordinate P3Z
of the 3rd plane point (see figure at bottom right).
U Continue with the positioning properties (see
Specifying the positioning behavior of the PLANE
function on page 342)
NC block

5 PLANE POINTS P1X+0 P1Y+0 P1Z+20 P2X+30 P2Y+31 P2Z+20

P3X+0 P3Y+41 P3Z+32.5 .....

Abbreviations used

Abbreviation Meaning
POINTS

338 Programming: Multiple Axis Machining

 11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Defining the machining plane with a single,
incremental space angle: PLANE RELATIVE
Application
Use the incremental space angle when an already active tilted
machining plane is to be tilted by another rotation. Example:
machining a 45 chamfer on a tilted plane.

Before programming, note the following

The defined angle is always effective in respect to the
active working plane, irrespective of the function you have
used to activate it.
You can program any number of PLANE RELATIVE functions
in a row.
If you want to return to the machining plane that was
active before the PLANE RELATIVE function, define the
PLANE RELATIVE function again with the same angle but
with the opposite algebraic sign.
If you use the PLANE RELATIVE function on an untilted
machining plane, then you simply rotate the untilted plane
about the space angle defined in the PLANE function.
Parameter description for the positioning behavior: See
Specifying the positioning behavior of the PLANE
function on page 342.

Input parameters
U Incremental angle?: Space angle about which the
active machining plane is to be rotated additionally
(see figure at right). Use a soft key to select the axis
to be rotated about. Input range: -359.9999 to
+359.9999
U Continue with the positioning properties (see
Specifying the positioning behavior of the PLANE
function on page 342)
Abbreviations used

Abbreviation Meaning
RELATIVE

Example: NC block

5 PLANE RELATIVE SPB-45 .....

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 339

11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Tilting the working plane through axis angle:
PLANE AXIAL (FCL 3 function)
Application
The PLANE AXIAL function defines both the position of the working
plane and the nominal coordinates of the rotary axes. This function is
particularly easy to use on machines with Cartesian coordinates and
with kinematics structures in which only one rotary axis is active.

PLANE AXIAL can also be used if you have only one rotary
axis active on your machine.
You can use the PLANE RELATIVE function after PLANE
AXIAL if your machine allows space angle definitions. The
machine tool manual provides further information.

Before programming, note the following

Enter only axis angles that actually exist on your machine.
Otherwise the TNC generates an error message.
Rotary axis coordinates defined with PLANE AXIAL are
modally effective. Successive definitions therefore build
on each other. Incremental input is allowed.
Use PLANE RESET to reset the PLANE AXIAL function.
Resetting by entering 0 does not deactivate PLANE AXIAL.
SEQ, TABLE ROT and COORD ROT have no function in
conjunction with PLANE AXIAL.
Parameter description for the positioning behavior: See
Specifying the positioning behavior of the PLANE
function on page 342.

340 Programming: Multiple Axis Machining

 11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Input parameters
U Axis angle A?: Axis angle to which the A axis is to
be moved. If entered incrementally, it is the angle by
which the A axis is to be moved from its current
position. Input range: -99999.9999 to +99999.9999
U Axis angle B?: Axis angle to which the B axis is to
be moved. If entered incrementally, it is the angle by
which the B axis is to be moved from its current
position. Input range: -99999.9999 to +99999.9999
U Axis angle C?: Axis angle to which the C axis is to
be moved. If entered incrementally, it is the angle by
which the C axis is to be moved from its current
position. Input range: -99999.9999 to +99999.9999
U Continue with the positioning properties (see
Specifying the positioning behavior of the PLANE
function on page 342)
Abbreviations used
Example: NC block
Abbreviation Meaning
5 PLANE AXIAL B-45 .....
AXIAL

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 341

11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Specifying the positioning behavior of the
PLANE function
Overview
Independently of which PLANE function you use to define the tilted
machining plane, the following functions are always available for the
positioning behavior:
Automatic positioning
Selection of alternate tilting possibilities
Selection of the Type of Transformation

Automatic positioning: MOVE/TURN/STAY (entry is mandatory)

After you have entered all parameters for the plane definition, you
must specify how the rotary axes will be positioned to the calculated
axis values:
U The PLANE function is to automatically position the
rotary axes to the calculated position values. The
position of the tool relative to the workpiece is to
remain the same. The TNC carries out a
compensation movement in the linear axes.
U The PLANE function is to automatically position the
rotary axes to the calculated position values, but only
the rotary axes are positioned. The TNC does not
carry out a compensation movement in the linear
axes.
U You will position the rotary axes later in a separate
positioning block
If you have selected the MOVE (PLANE function is to position the axes
automatically), the following two parameters must still be defined:
Dist. tool tip center of rot. and Feed rate? F=. If you have
selected the TURN option (PLANE function is to position the axes
automatically without any compensating movement), the following
parameter must still be defined: Feed rate? F= F=. As an alternative
to defining a feed rate F directly by numerical value, you can also
position with FMAX (rapid traverse) or FAUTO (feed rate from the TOOL
CALL block).

If you use PLANE AXIAL together with STAY, you have to

position the rotary axes in a separate block after the PLANE
function.

342 Programming: Multiple Axis Machining

 11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
U Dist. tool tip center of rot. (incremental): The TNC tilts the
tool (or table) relative to the tool tip. The DISTANCE parameter shifts
the center of rotation of the positioning movement relative to the
current position of the tool tip.

Note:
If the tool is already at the given distance to the
workpiece before positioning, then relatively speaking
the tool is at the same position after positioning (see
figure at center right, 1 = SET UP) 1
If the tool is not at the given distance to the workpiece 1
before positioning, then relatively speaking the tool is
offset from the original position after positioning (see
figure at bottom right, 1= SET UP)

U Feed rate? F=: Contour speed at which the tool should be

positioned
Positioning the rotary axes in a separate block
Proceed as follows if you want to position the rotary axes in a separate
positioning block (option STAY selected):

Pre-position the tool to a position where there is no danger

of collision with the workpiece (clamping devices) during
positioning.

U Select any PLANE function, and define automatic positioning with the
STAY option. During program execution the TNC calculates the
1
position values of the rotary axes present on the machine, and
stores them in the system parameters Q120 (A axis), Q121 (B axis) 1
and Q122 (C axis)
U Define the positioning block with the angular values calculated by
the TNC
NC example blocks: Position a machine with a rotary table C and a
tilting table A to a space angle of B+45.

...
12 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Position at clearance height.
13 PLANE SPATIAL SPA+0 SPB+45 SPC+0 STAY Define and activate the PLANE function
14 L A+Q120 C+Q122 F2000 Position the rotary axis with the values calculated by
the TNC
... Define machining in the tilted working plane

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 343

11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Selection of alternate tilting possibilities: SEQ +/ (entry
optional)
The position you define for the machining plane is used by the TNC to
calculate the appropriate positioning of the rotary axes present on the
machine. In general there are always two solution possibilities.
Use the SEQ switch to specify which possibility the TNC should use:
SEQ+ positions the master axis so that it assumes a positive angle.
The master axis is the 1st rotary axis from the tool, or the last rotary
axis from the table (depending on the machine configuration (see
figure at top right)).
SEQ- positions the master axis so that it assumes a negative angle.
If the solution you chose with SEQ is not within the machines range of
traverse, the TNC displays the Entered angle not permitted error
message.

When the PLANE AXIAL function is used, the PLANE RESET

switch is nonfunctional.

If you do not define SEQ, the TNC determines the solution as follows:
1 The TNC first checks whether both solution possibilities are within
the traverse range of the rotary axes.
2 If they are, then the TNC selects the shortest possible solution.
3 If only one solution is within the traverse range, the TNC selects
this solution.
4 If neither solution is within the traverse range, the TNC displays
the Entered angle not permitted error message.

344 Programming: Multiple Axis Machining

 11.2 The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Example for a machine with a rotary table C and a tilting table A.
Programmed function: PLANE SPATIAL SPA+0 SPB+45 SPC+0

Starting Resulting axis

Limit switch SEQ
position position
None A+0, C+0 not prog. A+45, C+90

None A+0, C+0 + A+45, C+90

None A+0, C+0 A45, C90

None A+0, C-105 not prog. A45, C90

None A+0, C-105 + A+45, C+90

None A+0, C-105 A45, C90

90 < A < +10 A+0, C+0 not prog. A45, C90

90 < A < +10 A+0, C+0 + Error message

None A+0, C-135 + A+45, C+90

Selecting the type of transformation (entry optional)

On machines with C-rotary tables, a function is available for specifying
the type of transformation:
U COORD ROT specifies that the PLANE function should
only rotate the coordinate system to the defined
tilting angle. The rotary table is not moved; the
compensation is purely mathematical.
U TABLE ROT specifies that the PLANE function should
position the rotary table to the defined tilting angle.
Compensation results from rotating the workpiece.

When the PLANE AXIAL function is used, COORD ROT and

TABLE ROT are nonfunctional.
If you use the TABLE ROT function in conjunction with a
basic rotation and a tilting angle of 0, then the TNC tilts the
table to the angle defined in the basic rotation.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 345

11.3 Miscellaneous Functions for Rotary Axes
11.3 Miscellaneous Functions for
Rotary Axes
Feed rate in mm/min on rotary axes A, B, C:
M116 (software option 1)
Standard behavior
The TNC interprets the programmed feed rate of a rotary axis in
degrees/min (in mm programs and also in inch programs). The feed
rate therefore depends on the distance from the tool center to the
center of axis rotation.
The larger this distance becomes, the greater the contouring feed
rate.

Feed rate in mm/min on rotary axes with M116

The machine geometry must be specified by the machine

tool builder in the description of kinematics.
M116 works only on rotary tables. M116 cannot be used
with swivel heads. If your machine is equipped with a
table/head combination, the TNC ignores the swivel-head
rotary axes.
M116 is also effective in an active tilted working plane.

The TNC interprets the programmed feed rate of a rotary axis in

degrees/min (or 1/10 inch/min). In this case, the TNC calculates the
feed for the block at the start of each block. With a rotary axis, the feed
rate is not changed during execution of the block even if the tool
moves toward the center of the rotary axis.

Effect
M116 is effective in the working plane. With M117 you can reset
M116. M116 is also canceled at the end of the program.
M116 becomes effective at the start of block.

346 Programming: Multiple Axis Machining

 11.3 Miscellaneous Functions for Rotary Axes
Shorter-path traverse of rotary axes: M126
Standard behavior
The standard behavior of the TNC while positioning rotary axes whose
display has been reduced to values less than 360 is dependent on
machine parameter shortestDistance (300401). This machine
parameter defines whether the TNC should consider the difference
between nominal and actual position, or whether it should always
(even without M126) choose the shortest path to the programmed
position. Examples:

Actual position Nominal position Traverse

350 10 340

10 340 +330

Behavior with M126

With M126, the TNC will move the axis on the shorter path of traverse
for rotary axes whose display is reduced to values less than 360.
Examples:

Actual position Nominal position Traverse

350 10 +20

10 340 30

Effect
M126 becomes effective at the start of block.
To cancel M126, enter M127. At the end of program, M126 is
automatically canceled.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 347

11.3 Miscellaneous Functions for Rotary Axes
Reducing display of a rotary axis to a value less
than 360: M94
Standard behavior
The TNC moves the tool from the current angular value to the
programmed angular value.
Example:

Current angular value: 538

Programmed angular value: 180
Actual distance of traverse: -358

Behavior with M94

At the start of block, the TNC first reduces the current angular value to
a value less than 360 and then moves the tool to the programmed
value. If several rotary axes are active, M94 will reduce the display of
all rotary axes. As an alternative you can enter a rotary axis after M94.
The TNC then reduces the display only of this axis.

Example NC blocks
To reduce display of all active rotary axes:

L M94

To reduce display of the C axis only:

L M94 C

To reduce display of all active rotary axes and then move the tool in
the C axis to the programmed value:

L C+180 FMAX M94

Effect
M94 is effective only in the block in which it is programmed.
M94 becomes effective at the start of block.

348 Programming: Multiple Axis Machining

Manual Operation and
Setup
12.1 Switch-On, Switch-Off
12.1 Switch-On, Switch-Off
Switch-on

Switch-on and crossing over the reference points can vary

depending on the machine tool. Refer to your machine
tool manual.

Switch on the power supply for control and machine. The TNC then
displays the following dialog:

SYSTEM STARTUP

TNC is started

POWER INTERRUPTED

TNC message that the power was interruptedclear

the message

COMPILE PLC PROGRAM

The PLC program of the TNC is compiled automatically

RELY EXT. DC VOLTAGE MISSING

Switch on external dc voltage The TNC checks the

functioning of the EMERGENCY STOP circuit

MANUAL OPERATION
TRAVERSE REFERENCE POINTS

Cross the reference points manually in the displayed

sequence: For each axis press the machine START
button, or

Cross the reference points in any sequence: Press

and hold the machine axis direction button for each
axis until the reference point has been traversed.

If your machine is equipped with absolute encoders, you

can leave out crossing the reference marks. In such a
case, the TNC is ready for operation immediately after the
machine control voltage is switched on.

350 Manual Operation and Setup

 12.1 Switch-On, Switch-Off
The TNC is now ready for operation in the Manual Operation mode.

The reference points need only be crossed if the machine

axes are to be moved. If you intend only to write, edit or
test programs, you can select the Programming and
Editing or Test Run modes of operation immediately after
switching on the control voltage.
You can cross the reference points later by pressing the
PASS OVER REFERENCE MARK soft key in the Manual
Operation mode.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 351

12.1 Switch-On, Switch-Off
Crossing the reference point in a tilted working plane
The TNC automatically activates the tilted working plane if this
function was enabled when the control was switched off. Then the
TNC moves the axes in the tilted coordinate system when an
axis-direction key is pressed. Position the tool in such a way that a
collision is excluded during the subsequent crossing of the reference
points. To cross the reference points you have to deactivate the "Tilt
Working Plane" function, see "Activating manual tilting", page 385.

Danger of collision!
Make sure that the angle values entered in the menu for
tilting the working plane match the actual angles of the
tilted axis.
Deactivate the "Tilt Working Plane" function before you
cross the reference points. Take care that there is no
collision. Retract the tool from the current position first, if
necessary.

If you use this function, then for non-absolute encoders

you must confirm the positions of the rotary axes, which
the TNC displays in a pop-up window. The position
displayed is the last active position of the rotary axes
before switch-off.

If one of the two functions that were active before is active now, the
NC START button has no function. The TNC outputs a corresponding
error message.

Switch-off
To prevent data from being lost at switch-off, you need to shut down
the operating system of the TNC as follows:
U Select the Manual Operation mode
U Select the function for shutting down, confirm again
with the YES soft key
U When the TNC displays the message NOW IT IS SAFE
TO TURN POWER OFF in a superimposed window, you
may cut off the power supply to the TNC.

Inappropriate switch-off of the TNC can lead to data loss!

Remember that pressing the END key after the control
has been shut down restarts the control. Switch-off
during a restart can also result in data loss!

352 Manual Operation and Setup

 12.2 Moving the Machine Axes
12.2 Moving the Machine Axes
Note

Traversing with the machine axis direction buttons can

vary depending on the machine tool. The machine tool
manual provides further information.

To traverse with the machine axis direction

buttons:

Select the Manual Operation mode.

Press the machine axis direction button and hold it as

long as you wish the axis to move, or

Move the axis continuously: Press and hold the

machine axis direction button, then press the
machine START button.

To stop the axis, press the machine STOP button.

You can move several axes at a time with these two methods. You can
change the feed rate at which the axes are traversed with the F soft
key, see "Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions
M", page 356.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 353

12.2 Moving the Machine Axes
Incremental jog positioning
With incremental jog positioning you can move a machine axis by a
preset distance.
Z
Select the Manual Operation or Electronic Handwheel
mode.

Shift the soft-key row.

8 8

Select incremental jog positioning: Switch the

X
INCREMENT soft key to ON. 8 16

JOG INCREMENT =

Enter the jog increment in mm, and confirm with the

ENT key.

Press the machine axis direction button as often as

desired.

The maximum permissible value for infeed is 10 mm.

354 Manual Operation and Setup

 12.2 Moving the Machine Axes
Traversing with the HR 410 electronic
handwheel
The portable HR 410 handwheel is equipped with two permissive
buttons. The permissive buttons are located below the star grip. 1

You can only move the machine axes when a permissive button is
depressed (machine-dependent function). 2

The HR 410 handwheel features the following operating elements:

1 EMERGENCY STOP button 3
2 Handwheel 4
4
3 Permissive buttons
6 5
4 Axis address keys
5 Actual-position-capture key 7
8
6 Keys for defining the feed rate (slow, medium, fast; the feed rates
are set by the machine tool builder)
7 Direction in which the TNC moves the selected axis
8 Machine function (set by the machine tool builder)

The red indicator lights show the axis and feed rate you have selected.
It is also possible to move the machine axes with the handwheel
during program run if M118 is active.

Procedure

Select the Electronic Handwheel operating mode.

Press and hold a permissive button.

Select the axis.

Select the feed rate.

Move the active axis in the positive direction, or

Move the active axis in the negative direction

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 355

12.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M
12.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F
and Miscellaneous Functions M
Function
In the Manual Operation and Electronic Handwheel operating modes,
you can enter the spindle speed S, feed rate F and the miscellaneous
functions M with soft keys. The miscellaneous functions are
described in Chapter 7 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions.

The machine tool builder determines which

miscellaneous functions M are available on your control
and what effects they have.

Entering values
Spindle speed S, miscellaneous function M

To enter the spindle speed, press the S soft key.

SPINDLE SPEED S =

1000 Enter the desired spindle speed and confirm your

entry with the machine START button.

The spindle speed S with the entered rpm is started with a

miscellaneous function M. Proceed in the same way to enter a
miscellaneous function M.
Feed rate F
After entering a feed rate F, you must confirm your entry with the ENT
key instead of the machine START button.
The following is valid for feed rate F:
If you enter F=0, then the lowest feed rate from the machine
parameter manualFeed is effective.
If the feed rate entered exceeds the value defined in the machine
parameter maxFeed, then the parameter value is effective.
F is not lost during a power interruption

356 Manual Operation and Setup

 12.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M
Changing the spindle speed and feed rate
With the override knobs you can vary the spindle speed S and feed
rate F from 0% to 150% of the set value.

The override knob for spindle speed is only functional on

machines with infinitely variable spindle drive.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 357

12.4 Datum Setting without a 3-D Touch Probe
12.4 Datum Setting without a
3-D Touch Probe
Note

Datum setting with a 3-D touch probe: (see Datum

Setting with 3-D Touch Probe (Touch Probe Function
Software Option) on page 375).

You fix a datum by setting the TNC position display to the coordinates
of a known position on the workpiece.

Preparation
U Clamp and align the workpiece
U Insert the zero tool with known radius into the spindle
U Ensure that the TNC is showing the actual position values

358 Manual Operation and Setup

 12.4 Datum Setting without a 3-D Touch Probe
Workpiece presetting with axis keys

Fragile workpiece? Y

If the workpiece surface must not be scratched, you can

lay a metal shim of known thickness d on it. Then enter a
tool axis datum value that is larger than the desired datum
by the value d. Z
-R X
-R
Y
Select the Manual Operation mode

Move the tool slowly until it touches (scratches) the

workpiece surface

Select the axis.

DATUM SETTING Z=

Zero tool in spindle axis: Set the display to a known

workpiece position (here, 0) or enter the thickness d
of the shim. In the tool axis, offset the tool radius

Repeat the process for the remaining axes.

If you are using a preset tool, set the display of the tool axis to the
length L of the tool or enter the sum Z=L+d

The TNC automatically saves the datum set with the axis
keys in line 0 of the preset table.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 359

12.4 Datum Setting without a 3-D Touch Probe
Datum management with the preset table

You should definitely use the preset table if:

Your machine is equipped with rotary axes (tilting table
or swivel head) and you work with the function for tilting
the working plane
Your machine is equipped with a spindle-head changing
system
Up to now you have been working with older TNC
controls with REF-based datum tables
You wish to machine identical workpieces that are
differently aligned
The preset table can contain any number of lines
(datums). To optimize the file size and the processing
speed, you should use only as many lines as you need for
datum management.
For safety reasons, new lines can be inserted only at the
end of the preset table.

Saving the datums in the preset table

The preset table has the name PRESET.PR, and is saved in the directory
TNC:\table. PRESET.PR is editable in the Manual and El. Handwheel
modes only if the CHANGE PRESET soft key was pressed.
It is permitted to copy the preset table into another directory (for data
backup). Lines that were written by your machine tool builder are also
always write-protected in the copied tables. You therefore cannot edit
them.
Never change the number of lines in the copied tables! That could
cause problems when you want to reactivate the table.
To activate the preset table copied to another directory you have to
copy it back to the directory TNC:\table\.

360 Manual Operation and Setup

 12.4 Datum Setting without a 3-D Touch Probe
There are several methods for saving datums and/or basic rotations in
the preset table:
Through probing cycles in the Manual Operation or Electronic
Handwheel modes (see Chapter 14)
Through the probing cycles 400 to 402 and 410 to 419 in automatic
mode (see Users Manual, Cycles, Chapters 14 and 15)
Manual entry (see description below)

Basic rotations from the preset table rotate the coordinate

system about the preset, which is shown in the same line
as the basic rotation.
Remember to ensure that the position of the tilting axes
matches the corresponding values of the 3-D ROT menu
when setting the datum. Therefore:
If the Tilt working plane function is not active, the
position display for the rotary axes must be = 0 (zero
the rotary axes if necessary).
If the Tilt working plane function is active, the
position displays for the rotary axes must match the
angles entered in the 3-D ROT menu.
The line 0 in the preset table is write protected. In line 0,
the TNC always saves the datum that you most recently
set manually via the axis keys or via soft key. If the datum
set manually is active, the TNC displays the text PR MAN(0)
in the status display.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 361

12.4 Datum Setting without a 3-D Touch Probe
Manually saving the datums in the preset table
In order to set datums in the preset table, proceed as follows:

Select the Manual Operation mode

Move the tool slowly until it touches (scratches) the

workpiece surface, or position the measuring dial
correspondingly.

Displaying the preset table: The TNC opens the

preset table and sets the cursor to the active table
row.

Select functions for entering the presets: The TNC

displays the available possibilities for entry in the soft-
key row. See the table below for a description of the
entry possibilities.

Select the line in the preset table that you want to

change (the line number is the preset number).

If needed, select the column (axis) in the preset table

that you want to change.

Use the soft keys to select one of the available entry

possibilities (see the following table).

362 Manual Operation and Setup

 12.4 Datum Setting without a 3-D Touch Probe
Function Soft key
Directly transfer the actual position of the tool
(the measuring dial) as the new datum: This
function only saves the datum in the axis which
is currently highlighted.

Assign any value to the actual position of the tool

(the measuring dial): This function only saves the
datum in the axis which is currently highlighted.
Enter the desired value in the pop-up window.

Incrementally shift a datum already stored in the

table: This function only saves the datum in the
axis which is currently highlighted. Enter the
desired corrective value with the correct sign in
the pop-up window. If inch display is active: enter
the value in inches, and the TNC will internally
convert the entered values to mm.

Directly enter the new datum without calculation

of the kinematics (axis-specific). Only use this
function if your machine has a rotary table, and
you want to set the datum to the center of the
rotary table by entering 0. This function only
saves the datum in the axis which is currently
highlighted. Enter the desired value in the pop-up
window. If inch display is active: enter the value
in inches, and the TNC will internally convert the
entered values to mm.

Select the BASIC TRANSFORMATION/AXIS

OFFSET view. The BASIC TRANSFORMATION
view shows the X, Y and Z columns. Depending
on the machine, the SPA, SPB and SPC columns
are displayed additionally. Here, the TNC saves
the basic rotation (for the Z tool axis, the TNC
uses the SPC column). The OFFSET view shows
the offset values to the preset.

Write the currently active datum to a selectable

line in the table: This function saves the datum in
all axes, and then activates the appropriate row in
the table automatically. If inch display is active:
enter the value in inches, and the TNC will
internally convert the entered values to mm.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 363

12.4 Datum Setting without a 3-D Touch Probe
Editing the preset table

Editing function in table mode Soft key

Select beginning of table

Select end of table

Select previous page in table

Select next page in table

Select the functions for preset entry

Display Basic Transformation/Axis Offset

selection

Activate the datum of the selected line of the

preset table

Add the entered number of lines to the end of the

table (2nd soft-key row)

Copy the highlighted field (2nd soft-key row)

Insert the copied field (2nd soft-key row)

Reset the selected line: The TNC entersin all

columns (2nd soft-key row)

Insert a single line at the end of the table (2nd

soft-key row)

Delete a single line at the end of the table (2nd

soft-key row)

364 Manual Operation and Setup

 12.4 Datum Setting without a 3-D Touch Probe
Activating a datum from the preset table in the Manual Operation
mode

When activating a datum from the preset table, the TNC

resets the active datum shift, mirroring, rotation and
scaling factor.
However, a coordinate transformation that was
programmed in Cycle 19 Tilted Working Plane, or through
the PLANE function, remains active.

Select the Manual Operation mode

Display the preset table.

Select the datum number you want to activate, or

With the GOTO key, select the datum number that

you want to activate. Confirm with the ENT key.

Activate the preset

Confirm activation of the datum The TNC sets the

display andif definedthe basic rotation

Leave the preset table

Activating the datum from the preset table in an NC program

To activate datums from the preset table during program run, use
Cycle 247. In Cycle 247 you define the number of the datum that you
want to activate (see Users Manual, Cycles, Cycle 247 SET DATUM).

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 365

12.5 Using 3-D Touch Probes (Touch Probe Function Software Option)
12.5 Using 3-D Touch Probes
(Touch Probe Function
Software Option)
Overview
The following touch probe cycles are available in the Manual Operation
mode:

Function Soft key Page

Calibrate the effective length Page 370

Calibrate the effective radius Page 371

Measure a basic rotation using a line Page 373

Set the datum in any axis Page 375

Set a corner as datum Page 376

Set a circle center as datum Page 377

Touch probe system data management See Users

Manual for
Cycles

When running touch probe cycles, no cycles must be

active for coordinate transformation (Cycle 7 DATUM,
Cycle 8 MIRROR IMAGE, Cycle 10 ROTATION, Cycles 11
and 26 SCALING and Cycle 19 WORKING PLANE).

For more information about the touch probe table, refer to

the Users Manual for Cycle Programming.

366 Manual Operation and Setup

 12.5 Using 3-D Touch Probes (Touch Probe Function Software Option)
Selecting probe cycles
U To select the Manual Operation or El. Handwheel mode of operation
U Select the touch probe functions by pressing the
TOUCH PROBE soft key. The TNC displays additional
soft keys: see table above
U To select the probe cycle, press the appropriate soft
key, for example PROBING ROT, and the TNC
displays the associated menu

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 367

12.5 Using 3-D Touch Probes (Touch Probe Function Software Option)
Writing the measured values from touch probe
cycles in datum tables

Use this function if you want to save measured values in

the workpiece coordinate system. If you want to save
measured values in the machine-based coordinate system
(REF coordinates), press the ENTER IN PRESET TABLE
soft key (see Writing the measured values from touch
probe cycles in the preset table on page 369).

With the ENTER IN DATUM TABLE soft key, the TNC can write the
values measured during a touch probe cycle in a datum table:
U Select any probe function
U Enter the desired coordinates of the datum in the appropriate input
boxes (depends on the touch probe cycle being run)
U Enter the datum number in the Number in table= input box
U Press the ENTER IN DATUM TABLE soft key. The TNC saves the
datum in the indicated datum table under the entered number

368 Manual Operation and Setup

 12.5 Using 3-D Touch Probes (Touch Probe Function Software Option)
Writing the measured values from touch probe
cycles in the preset table

Use this function if you want to save measured values in

the machine-based coordinate system (REF coordinates).
If you want to save measured values in the workpiece
coordinate system, press the ENTER IN DATUM TABLE
soft key (see Writing the measured values from touch
probe cycles in datum tables on page 368).

With the ENTER IN PRESET TABLE soft key, the TNC can write the
values measured during a probe cycle in the preset table. The
measured values are then stored referenced to the machine-based
coordinate system (REF coordinates). The preset table has the name
PRESET.PR, and is saved in the directory TNC:\table\.
U Select any probe function
U Enter the desired coordinates of the datum in the appropriate input
boxes (depends on the touch probe cycle being run)
U Enter the preset number in the Number in table: input box
U Press the ENTER IN PRESET TABLE soft key. The TNC saves the
datum in the preset table under the entered number

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 369

12.6 Calibrating 3-D Touch Probes (Touch Probe Function Software Option)
12.6 Calibrating 3-D Touch Probes
(Touch Probe Function
Software Option)
Introduction
In order to precisely specify the actual trigger point of a 3-D touch
probe, you must calibrate the touch probe, otherwise the TNC cannot
provide precise measuring results.

Always calibrate a touch probe in the following cases:

Commissioning
Stylus breakage
Stylus exchange
Change in the probe feed rate
Irregularities caused, for example, when the machine
heats up
Change of active tool axis

During calibration, the TNC finds the effective length of the stylus
and the effective radius of the ball tip. To calibrate the 3-D touch
probe, clamp a ring gauge of known height and known internal radius
to the machine table.

Calibrating the effective length

The effective length of the touch probe is always

referenced to the tool datum. The machine tool builder
usually defines the spindle tip as the tool datum.
Z
U Set the datum in the spindle axis such that for the machine tool table
Z=0.
U To select the calibration function for the touch probe Y
length, press the TOUCH PROBE and CAL. L soft
keys. The TNC then displays a menu window with
four input fields 5
X
U Enter the tool axis (with the axis key)
U Datum: Enter the height of the ring gauge.
U Effective ball radius and Effective length do not
require input.
U Move the touch probe to a position just above the ring
gauge
U To change the traverse direction (if necessary), press
a soft key or an arrow key
U To probe the upper surface of the ring gauge, press
the machine START button

370 Manual Operation and Setup

 12.6 Calibrating 3-D Touch Probes (Touch Probe Function Software Option)
Calibrating the effective radius and
compensating center misalignment
After the touch probe is inserted, it normally needs to be aligned
exactly with the spindle axis. The calibration function determines the
misalignment between touch probe axis and spindle axis and
computes the compensation.
The calibration routine varies depending on the entry in the TRACK Z
column of the touch probe table (spindle orientation active/inactive). If
the function for orienting the infrared touch probe to the programmed
probe direction is active, the calibration cycle is executed after you Y
have pressed NC Start once. If the function is not active, you can
decide whether you want to compensate the center misalignment by
calibrating the effective radius. X
The TNC rotates the 3-D touch probe by 180 for calibrating the center
10
misalignment. The rotation is initiated by a miscellaneous function that
is set by the machine tool builder in Machine Parameter
mStrobeUTurn.
Proceed as follows for manual calibration:
U In the Manual Operation mode, position the ball tip in the bore of the
ring gauge
U To select the calibration function for the ball-tip radius
and the touch probe center misalignment, press the
CAL. R soft key
U Select the tool axis and enter the radius of the ring
gauge
U To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button four times. The 3-D touch probe contacts a
position on the hole in each axis direction and
calculates the effective ball-tip radius
U If you want to terminate the calibration function at this
point, press the END soft key

In order to be able to determine ball-tip center

misalignment, the TNC needs to be specially prepared by
the machine manufacturer. The machine tool manual
provides further information.

U If you want to determine the ball-tip center

misalignment, press the 180 soft key. The TNC
rotates the touch probe by 180
U To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button four times. The 3-D touch probe contacts a
position on the hole in each axis direction and
calculates the ball-tip center misalignment

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 371

12.6 Calibrating 3-D Touch Probes (Touch Probe Function Software Option)
Displaying calibration values
The TNC saves the effective length and effective radius of the touch
probe in the tool table. The TNC saves the ball-tip center misalignment
in the touch-probe table, in the CAL_OF1 (principal axis) and CAL_OF2
(minor axis) columns. You can display the values on the screen by
pressing the TOUCH-PROBE TABLE soft key.

Make sure that you have activated the correct tool number
before using the touch probe, regardless of whether you
wish to run the touch probe cycle in automatic mode or
manual mode.
The determined calibration values are not considered until
a tool is called (or called again, if required).

For more information about the touch probe table, refer to

the Users Manual for Cycle Programming.

372 Manual Operation and Setup

 Probe Function Software Option)
12.7 Compensating Workpiece

12.7 Compensating Workpiece Misalignment with 3-D Touch Probe (Touch

Misalignment with 3-D Touch
Probe (Touch Probe Function
Software Option)
Introduction
The TNC electronically compensates workpiece misalignment by
computing a basic rotation.
For this purpose, the TNC sets the rotation angle to the desired angle
with respect to the reference axis in the working plane. See figure at
right. Y Y
The TNC saves the basic rotation, depending on the tool axis, in the
columns SPA, SPB or SPC of the preset table.

Select the probe direction perpendicular to the angle

reference axis when measuring workpiece misalignment. PA
To ensure that the basic rotation is calculated correctly
during program run, program both coordinates of the X X
working plane in the first positioning block. A B
You can also use a basic rotation in conjunction with the
PLANE function. In this case, first activate the basic
rotation and then the PLANE function.

Measuring the basic rotation

U Select the probe function by pressing the PROBING
ROT soft key
U Position the touch probe at a position near the first
touch point
U Select the probe direction perpendicular to the angle
reference axis: Select the axis by soft key
U To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button
U Position the touch probe at a position near the second
touch point
U To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button. The TNC determines the basic rotation and
displays the angle after the dialog Rotation angle =
U Activate basic rotation: Press the SET BASIC
ROTATION soft key.
U Terminate the probe function by pressing the END
soft key.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 373

 Probe Function Software Option)
12.7 Compensating Workpiece Misalignment with 3-D Touch Probe (Touch
Saving the basic rotation in the preset table
U After the probing process, enter the preset number in which the
TNC is to save the active basic rotation in the Number in table:
input box
U Press the ENTRY IN PRESET TABLE soft key to save the basic
rotation in the preset table

Displaying a basic rotation

The angle of the basic rotation appears after ROTATION ANGLE
whenever PROBING ROT is selected. The TNC also displays the
rotation angle in the additional status display (STATUS POS.)
In the status display a symbol is shown for a basic rotation whenever
the TNC is moving the axes according to a basic rotation.

Canceling a basic rotation

U Select the probe function by pressing the PROBING ROT soft key
U Enter a rotation angle of zero and confirm with the SET BASIC
ROTATION soft key.
U Terminate the probe function by pressing the END soft key.

374 Manual Operation and Setup

 12.8 Datum Setting with 3-D Touch Probe (Touch Probe Function
Software Option)
12.8 Datum Setting with 3-D Touch
Probe (Touch Probe Function
Software Option)
Overview
The following soft-key functions are available for setting the datum on
an aligned workpiece:

Soft key Function Page

Datum setting in any axis Page 375

Setting a corner as datum Page 376

Setting a circle center as datum Page 377

Datum setting in any axis

U Select the probe function by pressing the PROBING
POS soft key.
U Move the touch probe to a position near the touch
point.
U Select the probe axis and direction in which you wish Z
to set the datum, such as Z in direction Z. Selection
is made via soft keys. Y
U To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button
X
U Datum: Enter the nominal coordinate and confirm your
entry with the SET DATUM soft key, see "Writing the
measured values from touch probe cycles in datum
tables", page 368
U To terminate the probe function, press the END soft
key.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 375

12.8 Datum Setting with 3-D Touch Probe (Touch Probe Function
Software Option) Corner as datum
U Select the probe function by pressing the PROBING P
soft key
U Position the touch probe near the first touch point on Y Y
the first workpiece edge.
U Select the probe direction by soft key.
U To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button
U Position the touch probe near the second touch point Y=?
P P
on the same workpiece edge.
U To probe the workpiece, press the machine START X X
button X=?

U Position the touch probe near the first touch point on

the second workpiece edge.
U Select the probe direction by soft key.
U To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button
U Position the touch probe near the second touch point
on the same workpiece edge.
U To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button
U Datum: Enter both datum coordinates into the menu
window, and confirm your entry with the SET
DATUM soft key, or see "Writing the measured
values from touch probe cycles in the preset table",
page 369.
U To terminate the probe function, press the END soft
key.

376 Manual Operation and Setup

 12.8 Datum Setting with 3-D Touch Probe (Touch Probe Function
Software Option)
Circle center as datum
With this function, you can set the datum at the center of bore holes,
circular pockets, cylinders, studs, circular islands, etc. Y
Inside circle:
The TNC automatically probes the inside wall in all four coordinate axis
directions. Y+

For incomplete circles (circular arcs) you can choose the appropriate
probing direction. X X+

U Position the touch probe approximately in the center of the circle

U Select the probe function by pressing the
PROBING CC soft key Y

U To probe the workpiece, press the machine START

button four times. The touch probe touches four X
points on the inside of the circle
U Datum: In the menu window, enter both coordinates of
the circle center, confirm with the SET DATUM soft
key, or write the values to a table (see "Writing the
Y
measured values from touch probe cycles in datum Y
tables", page 368, or see "Writing the measured
values from touch probe cycles in the preset table", X+
page 369)
U To terminate the probe function, press the END soft
key

Outside circle:
U Position the touch probe at a position near the first touch point X
outside of the circle
U Select the probe direction by soft key
U To probe the workpiece, press the machine START button Y+ X
U Repeat the probing process for the remaining three points. See
figure at lower right
U Datum: Enter the coordinates of the datum and confirm your entry
with the SET DATUM soft key, or write the values to a table (see
"Writing the measured values from touch probe cycles in datum
tables", page 368, or see "Writing the measured values from touch
probe cycles in the preset table", page 369).
U To terminate the probe function, press the END soft key.

After the probing procedure is completed, the TNC displays the

coordinates of the circle center and the circle radius PR

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 377

12.8 Datum Setting with 3-D Touch Probe (Touch Probe Function
Software Option) Measuring Workpieces with a 3-D Touch Probe
You can also use the touch probe in the Manual Operation and El.
Handwheel operating modes to make simple measurements on the
workpiece. Numerous programmable probe cycles are available for
complex measuring tasks (see Users Manual, Cycles, Chapter 16,
Checking workpieces automatically). With a 3-D touch probe you can
determine:
position coordinates, and from them,
dimensions and angles on the workpiece.

To find the coordinate of a position on an aligned workpiece:

U Select the probe function by pressing the PROBING
POS soft key
U Move the touch probe to a position near the touch
point.
U Select the probe direction and axis of the coordinate.
Use the corresponding soft keys for selection.
U To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button.
The TNC shows the coordinates of the touch point as reference point.

Finding the coordinates of a corner in the working plane

Find the coordinates of the corner point: See Corner as datum on
page 376. The TNC displays the coordinates of the probed corner as
reference point.

378 Manual Operation and Setup

 12.8 Datum Setting with 3-D Touch Probe (Touch Probe Function
Software Option)
Measuring workpiece dimensions
U Select the probe function by pressing the PROBING
POS soft key
Z
U Position the touch probe at a position near the first
touch point A.
U Select the probing direction by soft key.
U To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button
A
U If you will need the current datum later, write down Y
the value that appears in the Datum display.
B X
U Datum: Enter 0.
U To terminate the dialog, press the END key l

U Select the probe function by pressing the PROBING

POS soft key.
U Position the touch probe at a position near the second
touch point B.
U Select the probe direction with the soft keys: Same
axis but from the opposite direction.
U To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button
The value displayed as datum is the distance between the two points
on the coordinate axis.
To return to the datum that was active before the length
measurement:
U Select the probe function by pressing the PROBING POS soft key
U Probe the first touch point again
U Set the datum to the value that you wrote down previously
U To terminate the dialog, press the END key
Measuring angles
You can use the 3-D touch probe to measure angles in the working
plane. You can measure
the angle between the angle reference axis and a workpiece edge,
or
the angle between two sides
The measured angle is displayed as a value of maximum 90.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 379

12.8 Datum Setting with 3-D Touch Probe (Touch Probe Function
Software Option) Finding the angle between the angle reference axis and a
workpiece edge
U Select the probe function by pressing the PROBING
ROT soft key
U Rotation angle: If you need the current basic rotation
later, write down the value that appears under
Rotation angle.
U Make a basic rotation with workpiece edge to be
compared (see Compensating Workpiece
Misalignment with 3-D Touch Probe (Touch Probe
Function Software Option) on page 373)
U Press the PROBING ROT soft key to display the angle
between the angle reference axis and the workpiece
edge as the rotation angle. PA
U Cancel the basic rotation, or restore the previous basic
rotation.
U This is done by setting the rotation angle to the value
that you previously wrote down.
To measure the angle between two workpiece sides: Z
U Select the probe function by pressing the PROBING ROT soft key L?
U Rotation angle: If you need the current basic rotation later, write
Y
down the displayed rotation angle a?
100
U Make a basic rotation with first workpiece edge (see X
Compensating Workpiece Misalignment with 3-D Touch Probe a?
(Touch Probe Function Software Option) on page 373)
U Probe the second edge as for a basic rotation, but do not set the
rotation angle to zero!
100
U Press the PROBING ROT soft key to display the angle PA between 10
the two workpiece edges as the rotation angle
U Cancel the basic rotation, or restore the previous basic rotation by
setting the rotation angle to the value that you wrote down
previously

380 Manual Operation and Setup

 12.8 Datum Setting with 3-D Touch Probe (Touch Probe Function
Software Option)
Using the touch probe functions with
mechanical probes or dial gauges
If you do not have an electronic 3-D touch probe on your machine, you
can also use all the previously described manual touch probe functions
(exception: calibration function) with mechanical probes or by simply
touching the workpiece with the tool.
In place of the electronic signal generated automatically by a 3-D touch
probe during probing, you can manually initiate the trigger signal for
capturing the probing position by pressing a key. Proceed as follows:
U Select any touch probe function by soft key
U Move the mechanical probe to the first position to be
captured by the TNC.
U Confirm the position: Press the actual-position-
capture soft key for the TNC to save the current
position.
U Move the mechanical probe to the next position to be
captured by the TNC
U Confirm the position: Press the
actual-position-capture soft key for the TNC to save
the current position.
U If required, move to additional positions and capture
as described previously
U Datum: In the menu window, enter the coordinates of
the new datum, confirm with the SET DATUM soft
key, or write the values to a table (see "Writing the
measured values from touch probe cycles in datum
tables", page 368, or see "Writing the measured
values from touch probe cycles in the preset table",
page 369)
U To terminate the probe function, press the END key

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 381

12.9 Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
12.9 Tilting the Working Plane
(Software Option 1)
Application, function

The functions for tilting the working plane are interfaced to

the TNC and the machine tool by the machine tool builder.
With some swivel heads and tilting tables, the machine
tool builder determines whether the entered angles are Y
interpreted as coordinates of the rotary axes or as angular Z
components of a tilted plane. Refer to your machine tool
manual. B

The TNC supports the tilting functions on machine tools with swivel
heads and/or tilting tables. Typical applications are, for example, 10
oblique holes or contours in an oblique plane. The working plane is
always tilted around the active datum. The program is written as usual
in a main plane, such as the X/Y plane, but is executed in a plane that X
is tilted relative to the main plane.
There are three functions available for tilting the working plane:
3-D ROT soft key in the Manual Operation mode and Electronic
Handwheel mode, see "Activating manual tilting", page 385.
Tilting under program control, Cycle 19 WORKING PLANE in the part
program (see Users Manual, Cycles, Cycle 19 WORKING PLANE)
Tilting under program control, PLANE function in the part program
(see The PLANE Function: Tilting the Working Plane (Software
Option 1) on page 325).
The TNC functions for "tilting the working plane" are coordinate
transformations. The working plane is always perpendicular to the
direction of the tool axis.

382 Manual Operation and Setup

 12.9 Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
When tilting the working plane, the TNC differentiates between two
machine types:
Machine with tilting table
You must tilt the workpiece into the desired position for
machining by positioning the tilting table, for example with
an L block.
The position of the transformed tool axis does not change in
relation to the machine-based coordinate system. Thus if you
rotate the tableand therefore the workpieceby 90 for
example, the coordinate system does not rotate. If you press the
Z+ axis direction button in the Manual Operation mode, the tool
moves in Z+ direction.
In calculating the transformed coordinate system, the TNC
considers only the mechanically influenced offsets of the
particular tilting table (the so-called translational components).
Machine with swivel head
You must bring the tool into the desired position for machining by
positioning the swivel head, for example with an L block.
The position of the transformed tool axis changes in relation to the
machine-based coordinate system. Thus if you rotate the swivel
head of your machineand therefore the toolin the B axis by
90 for example, the coordinate system rotates also. If you press
the Z+ axis direction button in the Manual Operation mode, the
tool moves in X+ direction of the machine-based coordinate
system.
In calculating the transformed coordinate system, the TNC
considers both the mechanically influenced offsets of the
particular swivel head (the so-called translational components)
and offsets caused by tilting of the tool (3-D tool length
compensation).

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 383

12.9 Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Traversing the reference points in tilted axes
The TNC automatically activates the tilted working plane if this
function was enabled when the control was switched off. Then the
TNC moves the axes in the tilted coordinate system when an
axis-direction key is pressed. Position the tool in such a way that a
collision is excluded during the subsequent crossing of the reference
points. To cross the reference points you have to deactivate the "Tilt
Working Plane" function, see "Activating manual tilting", page 385.

Danger of collision!
Be sure that the function for tilting the working plane is
active in the Manual Operation mode and that the angle
values entered in the menu match the actual angles of the
tilted axis.
Deactivate the "Tilt Working Plane" function before you
cross the reference points. Take care that there is no
collision. Retract the tool from the current position first, if
necessary.

Position display in a tilted system

The positions displayed in the status window (ACTL. and NOML.) are
referenced to the tilted coordinate system.

Limitations on working with the tilting function

The probing function for basic rotation is not available if you have
activated the working plane function in the Manual Operation mode.
The actual-position-capture function is not allowed if the tilted
working plane function is active.
PLC positioning (determined by the machine tool builder) is not
possible.

384 Manual Operation and Setup

 12.9 Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)
Activating manual tilting

To select manual tilting, press the 3-D ROT soft key.

Use the arrow keys to move the highlight to the

Manual Operation menu item.

To activate manual tilting, press the ACTIVE soft key.

Use the arrow keys to position the highlight on the

desired rotary axis.

Enter the tilt angle

To conclude entry, press the END key.

To reset the tilting function, set the desired operating modes in the
menu Tilt working plane to inactive.
If the tilted working plane function is active and the TNC moves the
machine axes in accordance with the tilted axes, the status display
shows the symbol.
If you activate the Tilt working plane function for the Program Run
operating mode, the tilt angle entered in the menu becomes active in
the first block of the part program. If you use Cycle 19 WORKING PLANE
or the PLANE function in the part program, the angle values defined
there are in effect. Angle values entered in the menu will be
overwritten.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 385

 12.9 Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)

386
Manual Operation and Setup
Positioning with Manual
Data Input
13.1 Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations
13.1 Programming and Executing
Simple Machining Operations
The Positioning with Manual Data Input mode of operation is
particularly convenient for simple machining operations or pre-
positioning of the tool. It enables you to write a short program in
HEIDENHAIN conversational programming or in DIN/ISO format, and
execute it immediately. You can also call TNC cycles. The program is
stored in the file $MDI. In the Positioning with MDI mode of operation,
the additional status displays can also be activated.

Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)

Limitation
The following functions are not available in the MDI mode:
FK free contour programming
Program section repeats
Subprogramming
Path compensation
The programming graphics
Program call PGM CALL
The program-run graphics

Select the Positioning with MDI mode of operation.

Program the file $MDI as you wish Z
Y

To start program run, press the machine START key

X
50

Example 1
A hole with a depth of 20 mm is to be drilled into a single workpiece. 50
After clamping and aligning the workpiece and setting the datum, you
can program and execute the drilling operation in a few lines.
First you pre-position the tool with straight-line blocks to the hole
center coordinates at a setup clearance of 5 mm above the workpiece
surface. Then drill the hole with Cycle 200 DRILLING.

0 BEGIN PGM $MDI MM

1 TOOL CALL 1 Z S2000 Call tool: tool axis Z
Spindle speed 2000 rpm
2 L Z+200 R0 FMAX Retract tool (F MAX = rapid traverse)
3 L X+50 Y+50 R0 FMAX M3 Move the tool at F MAX to a position above the
hole, spindle on

388 Positioning with Manual Data Input

 13.1 Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations
4 CYCL DEF 200 DRILLING Define DRILLING cycle
Q200=5 ;SETUP CLEARANCE Set-up clearance of the tool above the hole
Q201=-15 ;DEPTH Total hole depth (algebraic sign=working direction)
Q206=250 ;FEED RATE FOR PLNGN Feed rate for drilling
Q202=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH Depth of each infeed before retraction
Q210=0 ;DWELL TIME AT TOP Dwell time after every retraction in seconds
Q203=-10 ;SURFACE COORDINATE Coordinate of the workpiece surface
Q204=20 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE Set-up clearance of the tool above the hole
Q211=0.2 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH Dwell time in seconds at the hole bottom
5 CYCL CALL Call DRILLING cycle
6 L Z+200 R0 FMAX M2 Retract the tool
7 END PGM $MDI MM End of program

Straight-line function: See Straight line L on page 167, DRILLING

cycle: See Users Manual, Cycles, Cycle 200 DRILLING.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 389

13.1 Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations
Example 2: Correcting workpiece misalignment on machines
with rotary tables

Use the 3-D touch probe to rotate the coordinate system. See Touch
Probe Cycles in the Manual and Electronic Handwheel Operating
Modes, section Compensating workpiece misalignment, in the
Touch Probe Cycles Users Manual.

Write down the rotation angle and cancel the basic rotation

Select operating mode: Positioning with MDI

Select the rotary table axis, enter the rotation

angle and feed rate you wrote down, for
example: L C+2.561 F50

Conclude entry

Press the machine START button: The rotation of the

table corrects the misalignment

390 Positioning with Manual Data Input

 13.1 Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations
Protecting and erasing programs in $MDI
The $MDI file is generally intended for short programs that are only
needed temporarily. Nevertheless, you can store a program, if
necessary, by proceeding as described below:

Select the Programming and Editing mode of

operation

Press the PGM MGT key (program management) to

call the file manager

Mark the $MDI file

To select the file copying function, press the COPY

soft key

TARGET FILE =

HOLE Enter the name under which you want to save the
current contents of the $MDI file

Copy the file

Press the END soft key to close the file manager

For more information: see "Copying a single file", page 99.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 391

 13.1 Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations

392
Positioning with Manual Data Input
Test Run and
Program Run
14.1 Graphics (Advanced Graphic Features Software Option)
14.1 Graphics (Advanced Graphic
Features Software Option)
Application
In the program run modes of operation as well as in the Test Run
mode, the TNC provides the following three display modes: Using soft
keys, select whether you desire:
Plan view
Projection in three planes
3-D view
The TNC graphic depicts the workpiece as if it were being machined
with a cylindrical end mill. If a tool table is active, you can also simulate
the machining operation with a spherical cutter. For this purpose,
enter R2 = R in the tool table.
The TNC will not show a graphic if
the current program has no valid blank form definition
no program is selected

The TNC graphic does not show a radius oversize DR that

has been programmed in the TOOL CALL block.
A graphic simulation is only possible under certain
conditions for program sections or programs in which
rotary axis movements are defined. The graphic may not
be displayed correctly by the TNC.

394 Test Run and Program Run

 14.1 Graphics (Advanced Graphic Features Software Option)
Overview of display modes
The TNC displays the following soft keys in the Program Run and Test
Run modes of operation:

View Soft key

Plan view

Projection in three planes

3-D view

Limitations during program run

A graphical representation of a running program is not

possible if the microprocessor of the TNC is already
occupied with complicated machining tasks or if large
areas are being machined. Example: Multipass milling
over the entire blank form with a large tool. The TNC
interrupts the graphics and displays the text ERROR in the
graphics window. The machining process is continued,
however.

Plan view
This is the fastest of the graphic display modes.
U Press the soft key for plan view
U Regarding depth display, remember: The deeper the
surface, the darker the shade

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 395

14.1 Graphics (Advanced Graphic Features Software Option)
Projection in 3 planes
Similar to a workpiece drawing, the part is displayed with a plan view
and two sectional planes. A symbol to the lower left indicates whether
the display is in first angle or third angle projection according to
ISO 6433 (selected with MP7310).
Details can be isolated in this display mode for magnification (see
"Magnifying details", page 398).
In addition, you can shift the sectional planes with the corresponding
soft keys:
U Select the soft key for projection in three planes

U Shift the soft-key row until the soft key for the
functions for shifting the sectional plane appears
U Select the functions for shifting the sectional plane.
The TNC offers the following soft keys:

Function Soft keys

Shift the vertical sectional plane to the right
or left

Shift the vertical sectional plane forward or

backward

Shift the horizontal sectional plane upwards

or downwards

The positions of the sectional planes are visible during shifting.

The default setting of the sectional plane is selected such that it lies in
the working plane in the workpiece center and in the tool axis on the
top surface.

396 Test Run and Program Run

 14.1 Graphics (Advanced Graphic Features Software Option)
3-D view
The workpiece is displayed in three dimensions.
You can rotate the 3-D display about the vertical and horizontal axes.
The shape of the workpiece blank can be depicted by a frame overlay
at the beginning of the graphic simulation.
The shape of the workpiece blank can be depicted by a frame overlay
at the beginning of the graphic simulation.
In the Test Run mode of operation you can isolate details for
magnification, see "Magnifying details", page 398.
U Press the soft key for 3-D view.

Rotating and magnifying/reducing the 3-D view

U Shift the soft-key row until the soft key for the rotating
and magnification/reduction appears
U Select functions for rotating and magnifying/reducing:

Function Soft keys

Rotate in 15 steps about the vertical axis

Rotate in 15 steps about the horizontal axis

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 397

14.1 Graphics (Advanced Graphic Features Software Option)
Magnifying details
You can magnify details in all display modes in the Test Run mode and
a Program Run mode.
The graphic simulation or the program run, respectively, must first
have been stopped. A detail magnification is always effective in all
display modes.

Changing the detail magnification

The soft keys are listed in the table
U Interrupt the graphic simulation, if necessary
U Shift the soft-key row in the Test Run mode, or in a Program Run
mode, respectively, until the soft key for detail enlargement appears
U Shift the soft-key row until the soft-key for the detail
magnification functions appears
U Select the functions for detail magnification
U Press the corresponding soft key to select the
workpiece surface (see table below)
U To reduce or magnify the blank form, press and hold
the MINUS or PLUS soft key, respectively
U Restart the test run or program run by pressing the
START soft key (RESET + START returns the
workpiece blank to its original state)

Function Soft keys

Select the left/right workpiece surface

Select the front/back workpiece surface

Select the top/bottom workpiece surface

Shift the sectional plane to reduce or

magnify the blank form

Select the isolated detail

After a new workpiece detail magnification is selected, the

control forgets previously simulated machining
operations. The TNC then displays machined areas as
unmachined areas.
The TNC displays the selected workpiece side for each
axis and the coordinates of the remaining form during a
detail magnification.

398 Test Run and Program Run

 14.1 Graphics (Advanced Graphic Features Software Option)
Repeating graphic simulation
A part program can be graphically simulated as often as desired, either
with the complete workpiece or with a detail of it.

Function Soft key

Restore workpiece blank to the detail magnification in
which it was last shown.

Reset detail magnification so that the machined

workpiece or workpiece blank is displayed as it was
programmed with BLK FORM.

With the WINDOW BLK FORM soft key, you return the
displayed workpiece blank to its originally programmed
dimensions, even after isolating a detail without
TRANSFER DETAIL.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 399

14.1 Graphics (Advanced Graphic Features Software Option)
Measuring the machining time
Program Run modes of operation
The timer counts and displays the time from program start to program
end. The timer stops whenever machining is interrupted.

Test Run
The timer displays the time that the TNC calculates for the duration of
tool movements that are executed at feed rate. Dwell times are
included in the calculation by the TNC. The time calculated by the TNC
can only conditionally be used for calculating the production time
because the TNC does not account for the duration of
machine-dependent interruptions, such as tool change.

Activating the stopwatch function

U Shift the soft-key row until the soft-key for the
stopwatch functions appears.
U Select the stopwatch functions.

U Select the desired function via soft key, e.g. saving the
displayed time.

Stopwatch functions Soft key

Enable (ON) or disable (OFF) the measure the
machining time function.

Store displayed time

Display the sum of stored time

and displayed time

Clear displayed time

During the Test Run, the TNC resets the machining time
as soon as a new BLK FORM is evaluated.

400 Test Run and Program Run

 14.2 Show the Workpiece in the Working Space (Advanced
Graphic Features Software Option)
14.2 Show the Workpiece in the
Working Space (Advanced
Graphic Features Software
Option)
Application
This MOD function enables you to graphically check the position of the
workpiece blank or reference point in the machines working space
and to activate work space monitoring in the Test Run mode of
operation. This function is activated with the BLANK IN WORKSPACE soft
key. You can activate or deactivate the function with the SW limit
monitoring soft key (2nd soft-key row).
Another transparent cuboid represents the workpiece blank. Its
dimensions are shown in the BLK FORM table. The TNC takes the
dimensions from the workpiece blank definition of the selected
program. The workpiece cuboid defines the coordinate system for
input. Its datum lies within the traverse-range cuboid.
For a test run it normally does not matter where the workpiece blank
is located within the working space. However, if you activate
working-space monitoring, you must graphically shift the workpiece
blank so that it lies within the working space. Use the soft keys shown
in the table.
You can also activate the current datum for the Test Run operating
mode (see the last line of the following table).

Function Soft keys

Shift workpiece blank in positive/negative X
direction

Shift workpiece blank in positive/negative Y

direction

Shift workpiece blank in positive/negative Z

direction

Show workpiece blank referenced to the set

datum

Switch monitoring function on or off

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 401

14.3 Functions for Program Display
14.3 Functions for Program Display
Overview
In the program run modes of operation as well as in the Test Run
mode, the TNC provides the following soft keys for displaying a part
program in pages:

Functions Soft key

Go back in the program by one screen

Go forward in the program by one screen

Go to the beginning of the program

Go to the end of the program

402 Test Run and Program Run

 14.4 Test Run
14.4 Test Run
Application
In the Test Run mode of operation you can simulate programs and
program sections to reduce programming errors during program run.
The TNC checks the programs for the following:
Geometrical incompatibilities
Missing data
Impossible jumps
Violation of the machines working space
The following functions are also available:
Blockwise test run
Interrupt test at any block
Optional block skip
Functions for graphic simulation
Measuring the machining time
Additional status display

Caution: Danger of collision!

The TNC cannot graphically simulate all traverse motions
actually performed by the machine. These include
traverse motions during tool change, if the machine
manufacturer defined them in a tool-change macro or via
the PLC,
positioning movements that the machine manufacturer
defined in an M-function macro,
positioning movements that the machine manufacturer
performs via the PLC, and
HEIDENHAIN therefore recommends proceeding with
caution for every new program, even when the program
test did not output any error message, and no visible
damage to the workpiece occurred.
After a tool call, the TNC always starts a program test at
the following position:
In the machining plane at the position X=0, Y=0
In the tool axis, 1 mm above the MAX point defined in the
BLK FORM.
If you call the same tool, the TNC resumes program
simulation from the position last programmed before the
tool call.
In order to ensure unambiguous behavior during program
run, after a tool change you should always move to a
position from which the TNC can position the tool for
machining without causing a collision.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 403

14.4 Test Run
Running a program test
If the central tool file is active, a tool table must be active (status S) to
run a program test. Select a tool table via the file manager (PGM MGT)
in the Test Run mode of operation.
With the BLANK IN WORK SPACE function, you activate work space
monitoring for the test run, see "Show the Workpiece in the Working
Space (Advanced Graphic Features Software Option)", page 401.
U Select the Test Run operating mode
U Call the file manager with the PGM MGT key and
select the file you wish to test, or
U Go to the program beginning: Select line 0 with the
GOTO key and confirm your entry with the ENT key.
The TNC then displays the following soft keys:
Functions Soft key
Reset the blank form and test the entire program

Test the entire program

Test each program block individually

Halt program test (soft key only appears once you have
started the program test)

You can interrupt the program test and continue it again at any point
even within a machining cycle. In order to continue the test, the
following actions must not be performed:
Selecting another block with the arrow keys or the GOTO key
Making changes to the program
Switching the operating mode
Selecting a new program

404 Test Run and Program Run

 14.5 Program Run
14.5 Program Run
Application
In the Program Run, Full Sequence mode of operation the TNC
executes a part program continuously to its end or up to a program
stop.
In the Program Run, Single Block mode of operation you must start
each block separately by pressing the machine START button.
The following TNC functions are available in the program run modes
of operation:
Interrupt program run
Start program run from a certain block
Optional block skip
Editing the tool table TOOL.T
Check and change Q parameters
Superimpose handwheel positioning
Functions for graphic simulation
Additional status display

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 405

14.5 Program Run
Running a part program
Preparation
1 Clamp the workpiece to the machine table.
2 Set the datum.
3 Select the necessary tables and pallet files (status M).
4 Select the part program (status M)

You can adjust the feed rate and spindle speed with the
override knobs.
It is possible to reduce the feed rate when starting the NC
program using the FMAX soft key. The reduction applies
to all rapid traverse and feed rate movements. The value
you enter is no longer in effect after the machine has been
turned off and on again. In order to re-establish the
respectively defined maximum feed rate after switch-on,
you need to re-enter the corresponding value.

Program Run, Full Sequence

U Start the part program with the machine START button

Program Run, Single Block

U Start each block of the part program individually with the machine
START button

406 Test Run and Program Run

 14.5 Program Run
Interrupting machining
There are several ways to interrupt a program run:
Programmed interruptions
Pressing the machine STOP button
Switching to program run "Single step"
If the TNC registers an error during program run, it automatically
interrupts the machining process.

Programmed interruptions
You can program interruptions directly in the part program. The TNC
interrupts the program run at a block containing one of the following
entries:
STOP (with and without miscellaneous function)
Miscellaneous functions M0, M2 or M30
Miscellaneous function M6 (defined by the machine tool builder)

Interruption through the machine STOP button

U Press the machine STOP button: The block that the TNC is currently
executing is not completed. The NC stop signal in the status display
blinks (see table).
U If you do not wish to continue the machining process, you can reset
the TNC with the INTERNAL STOP soft key. The NC stop signal in
the status display goes out. In this case, the program must be
restarted from the program beginning

Symbol Meaning
Program run stopped.

Interrupting the machining process by switching to the Program

Run, Single Block mode of operation
You can interrupt a program that is being run in the Program Run, Full
Sequence mode of operation by switching to the Program Run, Single
Block mode. The TNC interrupts the machining process at the end of
the current block.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 407

14.5 Program Run
Moving the machine axes during an interruption
You can move the machine axes during an interruption in the same
way as in the Manual Operation mode.

Application example:
Retracting the spindle after tool breakage
U Interrupt machining
U Enable the external direction keys: Press the MANUAL TRAVERSE
soft key
U Move the axes with the machine axis direction buttons

On some machines you may have to press the machine

START button after the MANUAL OPERATION soft key to
enable the axis direction buttons. Refer to your machine
tool manual.

408 Test Run and Program Run

 14.5 Program Run
Resuming program run after an interruption

If a program run is interrupted during a fixed cycle, the

program must be resumed from the beginning of the
cycle. This means that some machining operations will be
repeated.

If you interrupt a program run during execution of a subprogram or

program section repeat, use the RESTORE POS AT N function to
return to the position at which the program run was interrupted.
When a program run is interrupted, the TNC stores:
The data of the last defined tool
Active coordinate transformations (e.g. datum shift, rotation,
mirroring)
The coordinates of the circle center that was last defined

Note that the stored data remain active until they are reset
(e.g. if you select a new program).

The stored data are used for returning the tool to the contour after
manual machine axis positioning during an interruption (RESTORE
POSITION soft key).

Resuming program run with the START button

You can resume program run by pressing the machine START button
if the program was interrupted in one of the following ways:
The machine STOP button was pressed.
Programmed interruption

Resuming program run after an error

If the error message is not blinking:
U Remove the cause of the error
U To clear the error message from the screen, press the CE key
U Restart the program, or resume program run where it was
interrupted

If the error message is blinking:

U Press and hold the END key for two seconds. This induces a TNC
system restart
U Remove the cause of the error
U Start again

If you cannot correct the error, write down the error message and
contact your repair service agency.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 409

14.5 Program Run
Mid-program startup (block scan)

The RESTORE POS AT N feature must be enabled and

adapted by the machine tool builder. Refer to your
machine manual.

With the RESTORE POS AT N feature (block scan) you can start a part
program at any block you desire. The TNC scans the program blocks
up to that point. Machining can be graphically simulated.
If you have interrupted a part program with an INTERNAL STOP, the
TNC automatically offers the interrupted block N for mid-program
startup.

Mid-program startup must not begin in a subprogram.

All necessary programs, tables and pallet files must be
selected in a program run mode of operation (status M).
If the program contains a programmed interruption before
the startup block, the block scan is interrupted. Press the
machine START button to continue the block scan.
After a block scan, return the tool to the calculated position
with RESTORE POSITION.
Tool length compensation does not take effect until after
the tool call and a following positioning block. This also
applies if you have only changed the tool length.

The TNC skips all touch probe cycles in a mid-program

startup. Result parameters that are written to from these
cycles might therefore remain empty.
You may not use mid-program startup if the following
occurs after a tool change in the machining program:
The program is started in an FK sequence
The stretch filter is active
Pallet management is used
The program is started in a threading cycle (Cycles 17,
18, 19, 206, 207 and 209) or the subsequent program
block
Touch-probe cycles 0, 1 and 3 are used before program
start

410 Test Run and Program Run

 14.5 Program Run
U To go to the first block of the current program to start a block scan,
enter GOTO 0
U To select block scan, press the BLOCK SCAN soft key,
or
U Start-up at N: Enter the block number N at which the
block scan should end
U Program: Enter the name of the program containing
block N
U Repetitions: If block N is located in a program section
repeat or in a subprogram that is to be run repeatedly,
enter the number of repetitions to be calculated in the
block scan
U To start the block scan, press the machine START
button
U Contour approach (see following section)

Entering a program with the GOTO key

If you use the GOTO block number key for going into a
program, neither the TNC nor the PLC will execute any
functions that ensure a safe start.
If you use the GOTO block number key for going into a
subprogram, the TNC will skip the end of the subprogram
(LBL 0)! In such cases you must always use the
mid-program startup function.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 411

14.5 Program Run
Returning to the contour
With the RESTORE POSITION function, the TNC returns to the
workpiece contour in the following situations:
Return to the contour after the machine axes were moved during a
program interruption that was not performed with the INTERNAL
STOP function.
Return to the contour after a block scan with RESTORE POS AT N,
for example after an interruption with INTERNAL STOP.
Depending on the machine, if the position of an axis has changed
after the control loop has been opened during a program
interruption.
U To select a return to contour, press the RESTORE POSITION soft
key
U Restore machine status, if required
U To move the axes in the sequence that the TNC suggests on the
screen, press the machine START button
U To move the axes in any sequence, press the soft keys RESTORE
X, RESTORE Z, etc., and activate each axis with the machine START
key
U To resume machining, press the machine START key

412 Test Run and Program Run

 14.6 Automatic Program Start
14.6 Automatic Program Start
Application

The TNC must be specially prepared by the machine tool

builder for use of the automatic program start function.
Refer to your machine manual.

Caution: Danger for the operator!

The autostart function must not be used on machines that
do not have an enclosed working space.

In a Program Run operating mode, you can use the AUTOSTART soft
key (see figure at upper right) to define a specific time at which the
program that is currently active in this operating mode is to be started:
U Show the window for entering the starting time (see
figure at center right).
U Time (h:min:sec): Time of day at which the program
is to be started.
U Date (DD.MM.YYYY): Date at which the program is to
be started.
U To activate the start, press the OK soft key.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 413

14.7 Optional Block Skip
14.7 Optional Block Skip
Application
In a test run or program run, the control can skip over blocks that begin
with a slash /:
U To run or test the program without the blocks
preceded by a slash, set the soft key to ON.
U To run or test the program with the blocks preceded
by a slash, set the soft key to OFF

This function does not work for TOOL DEF blocks.

After a power interruption the TNC returns to the most
recently selected setting.

Insert the "/" character

U In the Programming mode you select the block in which the character
is to be inserted.
U Select the INSERT soft key

Erase the / character

U In the Programming mode you select the block in which the character
is to be deleted.
U Select the REMOVE soft key

414 Test Run and Program Run

 14.8 Optional Program-Run Interruption
14.8 Optional Program-Run
Interruption
Application
The TNC optionally interrupts program run at blocks containing M1. If
you use M1 in the Program Run mode, the TNC does not switch off
the spindle or coolant.
U Do not interrupt Program Run or Test Run at blocks
containing M1: Set soft key to OFF
U Interrupt Program Run or Test Run at blocks
containing M1: Set soft key to ON

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 415

 14.8 Optional Program-Run Interruption

416
Test Run and Program Run
MOD Functions
15.1 Selecting MOD Functions
15.1 Selecting MOD Functions
The MOD functions provide additional input possibilities and displays.
The available MOD functions depend on the selected operating mode.

Selecting the MOD functions

Call the operating mode in which you wish to change the MOD
functions.
U Press the MOD key to select the MOD functions. The
figures at right show typical screen menus in
Programming and Editing mode (figure at upper right),
Test Run mode (figure at lower right) and in a machine
operating mode (see figure on next page).

Changing the settings

U Select the desired MOD function in the displayed menu with the
arrow keys
There are three possibilities for changing a setting, depending on the
function selected:
Enter a numerical value directly, e.g. when determining the traverse
range limit
Change a setting by pressing the ENT key, e.g. when setting
program input
Change a setting via a selection window. If more than one possibility
is available for a particular setting, you can superimpose a window
listing all of the given possibilities by pressing the GOTO key. Select
the desired setting directly by pressing the corresponding numerical
key (to the left of the colon), or by using the arrow keys and then
confirming with ENT. If you dont want to change the setting, close
the window again with END

Exiting the MOD functions

U Close the MOD functions with the END key or END soft key

418 MOD Functions

 15.1 Selecting MOD Functions
Overview of MOD functions
The functions available depend on the momentarily selected operating
mode:
Programming:
Display software numbers
Enter code number
Machine-specific user parameters, if applicable
Legal information
Test run:
Display software numbers
Show active tool table in the test run
Show active datum table in the test run
In all other modes:
Display software numbers
Select position display
Unit of measurement (mm/inches)
Programming language for MDI
Select the axes for actual position capture
Display operating times

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 419

15.2 Software Numbers
15.2 Software Numbers
Function
The following software numbers are displayed on the TNC screen
after the MOD functions have been selected:
Control model: Designation of the control (managed by
HEIDENHAIN)
NC software: Number of the NC software (managed by
HEIDENHAIN)
NC software: Number of the NC software (managed by
HEIDENHAIN)
NC Kernel: Number of the NC software (managed by
HEIDENHAIN)
PLC software: Number or name of the PLC software (managed
by your machine tool builder)
Feature Content Level (FCL): Development level of the software
installed on the control (see Feature content level (upgrade
functions) on page 7)

420 MOD Functions

 15.3 Entering Code Numbers
15.3 Entering Code Numbers
Application
The TNC requires a code number for the following functions:

Function Code number

Select user parameters 123

Configuring an Ethernet card NET123

Enable special functions for 555343

Q parameter programming

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 421

15.4 Setting the Data Interfaces
15.4 Setting the Data Interfaces
Serial interfaces on the TNC 320
The TNC 320 automatically uses the LSV2 transmission protocol for
serial data transfer. The LSV2 protocol is permanent and cannot be
changed except for setting the baud rate (machine parameter
baudRateLsv2). You can also specify another type of transmission
(interface). The settings described below are therefore effective only
for the respective newly defined interface.

Application
To set up a data interface, select the file management (PGM MGT) and
press the MOD key. Press the MOD key again and enter the code
number 123. The TNC shows the user parameter
GfgSerialInterface, in which you can enter the following settings:

Setting the RS-232 interface

Open the RS232 folder. The TNC then displays the following settings:

Setting the baud rate (baudRate)

You can set the BAUD RATE (data transfer speed) from 110 to 115 200
baud.

Set the protocol (protocol)

The data communication protocol controls the data flow of a serial
transmission (comparable to MP5030 of the iTNC 530).

Here, the BLOCKWISE setting designates a form of data

transfer where data is transmitted in blocks. This is not to
be confused with the blockwise data reception and
simultaneous blockwise processing by older TNC
contouring controls. Blockwise reception of an NC
program and simultaneous machining of the program is
not possible!

Communications protocol Selection

Standard data transfer STANDARD

Packet-based data transfer BLOCKWISE

Transmission without protocol RAW_DATA

422 MOD Functions

 15.4 Setting the Data Interfaces
Set the data bits (dataBits)
By setting the data bits you define whether a character is transmitted
with 7 or 8 data bits.

Parity check (parity)

The parity bit helps the receiver to detect transmission errors. The
parity bit can be formed in three different ways:
No parity (NONE): There is no error recognition.
Even parity (EVEN): Here there is an error if the receiver finds that it
has received an odd number of set bits
Odd parity (ODD): Here there is an error if the receiver finds that it
has received an even number of set bits

Setting the stop bits (stopBits)

The start bit and one or two stop bits enable the receiver to
synchronize to every transmitted character during serial data
transmission.

Setting the handshake (flowControl)

By handshaking, two devices control data transfer between them. A
distinction is made between software handshaking and hardware
handshaking.
No dataflow checking (NONE): Handshaking is not active
Hardware handshaking (RTS_CTS): Transmission stop is active
through RTS
Software handshaking (XON_XOFF): Transmission stop is active
through DC3 (XOFF)

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 423

15.4 Setting the Data Interfaces
Settings for data transfer with the TNCserver
PC software
Enter the following settings in the user parameters
(serialInterfaceRS232 / definition of data blocks for the serial
ports / RS232):

Parameter Selection
Data transfer rate in baud Has to match the setting in
TNCserver

Communications protocol BLOCKWISE

Data bits in each transferred 7 bits

character

Type of parity checking EVEN

Number of stop bits 1 stop bit

Specify type of handshake: RTS_CTS

File system for file operations FE1

Setting the operating mode of the external

device (fileSystem)

The functions Transfer all files, Transfer selected file,

and Transfer directory are not available in the FE2 and
FEX modes.

Operating
External device Symbol
mode
PC with HEIDENHAIN data transfer LSV2
software TNCremoNT

HEIDENHAIN floppy disk units FE1

Non-HEIDENHAIN devices such as FEX

printers, scanners, punchers, PC
without TNCremoNT

424 MOD Functions

 15.4 Setting the Data Interfaces
Software for data transfer
For transfer of files to and from the TNC, we recommend using the
HEIDENHAIN TNCremo data transfer software. With TNCremo, data
transfer is possible with all HEIDENHAIN controls via the serial
interface or the Ethernet interface.

You can download the current version of TNCremo free of

charge from the HEIDENHAIN Filebase
(www.heidenhain.de, <Services and Documentation>,
<Software>, <PC Software>, <TNCremoNT>).

System requirements for TNCremo:

PC with 486 processor or higher
Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000,
Windows XP or Windows Vista operating system
16 MB RAM
5 MB free memory space on your hard disk
An available serial interface or connection to the TCP/IP network

Installation under Windows

U Start the SETUP.EXE installation program with the File Manager
(Explorer)
U Follow the setup program instructions

Starting TNCremo under Windows

U Click <Start>, <Programs>, <HEIDENHAIN Applications>,
<TNCremo>
When you start TNCremo for the first time, TNCremo automatically
tries to set up a connection with the TNC.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 425

15.4 Setting the Data Interfaces
Data transfer between the TNC and TNCremoNT

Before you transfer a program from the TNC to the PC,

you must make absolutely sure that you have already
saved the program currently selected on the TNC. The
TNC saves changes automatically when you switch the
mode of operation on the TNC, or when you select the file
manager via the PGM MGT key.

Check whether the TNC is connected to the correct serial port on your
PC or to the network.
Once you have started TNCremoNT, you will see a list of all files that
are stored in the active directory in the upper section of the main
window 1. Using the menu items <File> and <Change directory>, you
can change the active directory or select another directory on your PC.
If you want to control data transfer from the PC, establish the
connection with your PC in the following manner:
U Select <File>, <Setup connection>. TNCremoNT now receives the
file and directory structure from the TNC and displays this at the
bottom left of the main window 2
U To transfer a file from the TNC to the PC, select the file in the TNC
window with a mouse click and drag and drop the highlighted file
into the PC window 1
U To transfer a file from the PC to the TNC, select the file in the PC
window with a mouse click and drag and drop the highlighted file
into the TNC window 2
If you want to control data transfer from the TNC, establish the
connection with your PC in the following manner:
U Select <Extras>, <TNCserver>. TNCremoNT is now in server mode.
It can receive data from the TNC and send data to the TNC
U You can now call the file management functions on the TNC by
pressing the PGM MGT key (see Data transfer to or from an
external data medium on page 106) and transfer the desired files

End TNCremoNT
Select the menu items <File>, <Exit>

Refer also to the TNCremoNT context-sensitive help texts

where all of the functions are explained in more detail. The
help texts must be called with the F1 key.

426 MOD Functions

 15.5 Ethernet Interface
15.5 Ethernet Interface
Introduction
The TNC is shipped with a standard Ethernet card to connect the
control as a client in your network. The TNC transmits data via the
Ethernet card with
the smb protocol (server message block) for Windows operating
systems, or
the TCP/IP protocol family (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol) and with support from the NFS (Network File System).

Connection possibilities
You can connect the Ethernet card in your TNC to your network
through the RJ45 connection (X26, 100BaseTX or 10BaseT), or directly
to a PC. The connection is metallically isolated from the control
electronics.
For a 100BaseTX or 10BaseT connection you need a Twisted Pair
cable to connect the TNC to your network.

The maximum cable length between TNC and a node TNC

depends on the quality grade of the cable, the sheathing PC
and the type of network (100BaseTX or 10BaseT).
No great effort is required to connect the TNC directly to a
PC that has an Ethernet card. Simply connect the TNC 10BaseT / 100BaseTx
(port X26) and the PC with an Ethernet crossover cable
(trade names: crossed patch cable or STP cable).

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 427

15.5 Ethernet Interface
Connecting the control to the network
Function overview of network configuration
U In the file manager (PGM MGT), press the Network soft key.

Function Soft key

Establishes the connection to the selected network
drive. Successful connection is indicated by a check
mark under Mount.

Separates the connection to a network drive.

Activates or deactivates the Automount function

(= automatic connection of the network drive during
control start-up). The status of the function is indicated
by a check mark under Auto in the network drive table.

Use the ping function to check whether a connection

to a particular remote station in the network is
available. The address is entered as four decimal
numbers separated by points (dotted-decimal
notation).

The TNC displays an overview window with

information on the active network connections.

Configures access to network drives. (Selectable only

after entry of the MOD code number NET123.)

Opens the dialog window for editing the data of an

existing network connection. (Selectable only after
entry of the MOD code number NET123.)

Configures the network address of the control.

(Selectable only after entry of the MOD code number
NET123.)

Deletes an existing network connection. (Selectable

only after entry of the MOD code number NET123.)

428 MOD Functions

 15.5 Ethernet Interface
Configuring the control's network address
U Connect the TNC (port X26) with a network or a PC.
U In the file manager (PGM MGT), select the Network soft key.
U Press the MOD key. Then enter the keyword NET123
U Press the CONFIGURE NETWORK soft key to enter the network setting
for a specific device (see figure at center right).
U It opens the dialog window for the network configuration

Setting Meaning
HOSTNAME Name under which the control logs onto the
network. If you use a host-name server, you
must enter the Fully Qualified Hostname
here. If you do not enter a name here, the
control uses the so-called null authentication.

DHCP DHCP = Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

In the drop-down menu, set YES. Then the
control automatically draws its network address
(IP address), subnet mask, default router and
any broadcast address from a DHCP server in
the network. The DHCP server identifies the
control by its hostname. Your company network
must be specially prepared for this function.
Contact your network administrator.

IP ADDRESS Network address of the control: In each of the

four adjacent input fields you can enter 3 digits
of the IP address. With the ENT key you can
jump into the next field. Your network specialist
can give you a network address for the control.

SUBNET MASK Serves to distinguish the net and host ID of the

network: Your network specialist assigns the
subnet mask of the control.

BROADCAST The broadcast address of the control is needed

only if it is different from the standard setting.
The standard setting is formed from the net and
host ID, in which all bits are set to 1.

ROUTER Network address of default router: This entry is

required only if your network consists of several
subnetworks interconnected by routers.

The entered network configuration does not become

effective until the control is rebooted. After the network
configuration is concluded with the OK button or soft key,
the control asks for confirmation and reboots.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 429

15.5 Ethernet Interface
Configuring network access to other devices (mount)

Make sure that the person configuring your TNC is a

network specialist.
Not all Windows operating systems require entry of the
username, workgroup and password parameters.

U Connect the TNC (port X26) with a network or a PC

U In the file manager (PGM MGT), select the Network soft key.
U Press the MOD key. Then enter the keyword NET123
U Press the DEFINE NETWORK CONNECTN. soft key
U It opens the dialog window for the network configuration

Setting Meaning
Mount device Connection over NFS: Directory name to be
mounted. This is formed from the network
address of the device, a colon, a slash and the
name of the directory. Entry of the network
address as four decimal numbers separated
by points (dotted-decimal notation), e.g.
160.1.180.4:/PC. When entering the path
name, pay attention to capitalization.
To connect individual Windows computers via
SMB: Enter the network name and the share
name of the computer, e.g. \\PC1791NT\PC

Mount point Device name: The device name entered here is

displayed on the control in the program
management for the mounted network, e.g.
WORLD: (The name must end with a colon!)

File system File system type:

NFS: Network File System
SMB: Windows network

NFS option rsize: Packet size in bytes for data reception

wsize: Packet size for data transmission in
bytes
time0=: Time in tenths of a second, after which
the control repeats an unanswered Remote
Procedure Call.
soft: If YES is entered, the Remote Procedure
Call is repeated until the NFS server answers. If
NO is entered, it is not repeated

430 MOD Functions

 15.5 Ethernet Interface
Setting Meaning
SMB option Options that concern the SMB file system type:
Options are given without space characters,
separated only by commas. Pay attention to
capitalization.
Options:
ip: IP address of the Windows PC to which the
control is to be connected.
username: User name with which the control
should log in.
workgroup: Workgroup under which the control
should log in.
password: Password with which the control is
to log on (up to 80 characters)
Further SMB options: Input of further options
for the Windows network

Automatic Automount (YES or NO): Here you specify

connection whether the network will be automatically
mounted when the control starts up. Devices
not automatically mounted can be mounted
anytime later in the program management.

You do not need to indicate the protocol with the TNC 320.
It uses the communications protocol according to RFC
894.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 431

15.5 Ethernet Interface
Settings on a PC with Windows 2000

Prerequisite:
The network card must already be installed on the PC and
ready for operation.
If the PC that you want to connect the TNC to is already
integrated in your company network, then keep the PCs
network address and adapt the TNCs network address
accordingly.

U To open Network Connections, click <Start>, <Control Panel>,

<Network and Dial-up Connections>, and then Network
Connections.
U Right-click the <LAN connection> symbol, and then <Properties> in
the menu that appears
U Double-click <Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)> to change the IP settings
(see figure at top right)
U If it is not yet active, select the <Use the following IP address>
option
U In the <IP address> input field, enter the same IP address that you
entered for the PC network settings on the iTNC, e.g. 160.1.180.1
U Enter 255.255.0.0 in the <Subnet mask> input field
U Confirm the settings with <OK>
U Save the network configuration with <OK>. You may have to restart
Windows now

432 MOD Functions

 15.6 Position Display Types
15.6 Position Display Types
Application
In the Manual Operation mode and in the Program Run modes of
operation, you can select the type of coordinates to be displayed.
The figure at right shows the different tool positions:
Starting position
Target position of the tool
Workpiece datum
Machine datum
The TNC position displays can show the following coordinates:
Function Display
Nominal position: the value presently NOML
commanded by the TNC

Actual position; current tool position ACTL.

Reference position; the actual position relative to RFACTL

the machine datum

Reference position; the nominal position relative REF NOML

to the machine datum

Servo lag; difference between nominal and actual LAG

positions (following error)

Distance remaining to the programmed position; DIST.

difference between actual and target positions

With the MOD function Position display 1, you can select the
position display in the status display.
With the MOD function Position display 2, you can select the
position display in the status display.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 433

15.7 Unit of Measurement
15.7 Unit of Measurement
Application
This MOD function determines whether the coordinates are displayed
in millimeters (metric system) or inches.
To select the metric system (e.g. X = 15.789 mm), set the Change
mm/inches function to mm. The value is displayed to 3 decimal
places.
To select the inch system (e.g. X = 0.6216 inches), set the Change
mm/inches function to inches. The value is displayed to 4 decimal
places.
If you would like to activate the inch display, the TNC shows the feed
rate in inch/min. In an inch program you must enter the feed rate larger
by a factor of 10.

434 MOD Functions

 15.8 Displaying Operating Times
15.8 Displaying Operating Times
Application
The MACHINE TIME soft key enables you to see various types of
operating times:

Operating time Meaning

Control on Operating time of the control since being
put into service

Machine on Operating time of the machine tool since

being put into service

Program run Duration of controlled operation since being

put into service

The machine tool builder can provide further operating

time displays. The machine tool manual provides further
information.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 435

 15.8 Displaying Operating Times

436
MOD Functions
Tables and Overviews
16.1 Machine-Specific User Parameters
16.1 Machine-Specific User
Parameters
Application
To enable you to set machine-specific functions, your machine tool
builder can define which machine parameters are available as user
parameters. Furthermore, your machine tool builder can integrate
additional machine parameters, which are not described in the
following, into the TNC.

Refer to your machine manual.

If you are in the configuration editor for the user

parameters, you can change the display of the existing
parameters. In the default setting, the parameters are
displayed with short, explanatory texts. To display the
actual system names of the parameters, press the key for
the screen layout and then the SHOW SYSTEM NAME
soft key. Follow the same procedure to return to the
standard display.

The parameter values are entered in the configuration editor.

Each parameter object has a name (e.g. CfgDisplayLanguage) that
gives information about the parameters it contains. Each object has a
key for unique identification.

438 Tables and Overviews

 16.1 Machine-Specific User Parameters
Calling the configuration editor
U Select the Programming mode of operation.
U Press the MOD key.
U Enter the code number 123.
U Press the END soft key to exit the configuration editor.

The icon at the beginning of each line in the parameter tree shows
additional information about this line. The icons have the following
meanings:
Branch exists but is closed

Branch is open

Empty object, cannot be opened

Initialized machine parameter

Uninitialized (optional) machine parameter

Can be read but not edited

Cannot be read or edited

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 439

16.1 Machine-Specific User Parameters
Displaying help texts
The HELP key enables you to call a help text for each parameter object
or attribute.
If the help text does not fit on one page (1/2 is then displayed at the
upper right, for example), press the HELP PAGE soft key to scroll to the
second page.
To exit the help text, press the HELP key again.
Additional information, such as the unit of measure, the initial value, or
a selection list, is also displayed. If the selected machine parameter
matches a parameter in the TNC, the corresponding MP number is
shown.

Parameter list
Parameter Settings
DisplaySettings
Settings for screen display
Sequence of the displayed axes
[0] to [5]
Depends on the available axes
Type of position display in the position window
NOML.
ACTL.
RFACTL
REF NOML
LAG
DIST.
Type of position display in the status display:
NOML.
ACTL.
RFACTL
REF NOML
LAG
DIST.
Definition of decimal separator for position display
.
Feed rate display in Manual operating mode
At axis key: Display feed rate only if axis-direction key is pressed
Always minimum: Always display feed rate
Display of spindle position in the position display
During closed loop: Display spindle position only if spindle is in position control loop
During closed loop and M5: Display spindle position only if spindle is in position control loop and
with M5
hidePresetTable
True: Soft key preset table is not displayed
False: Display soft key preset table

440 Tables and Overviews

 16.1 Machine-Specific User Parameters
Parameter Settings
DisplaySettings
Display step for the individual axes
List of all available axes
Display step for position display in mm or degrees
0.1
0.05
0.01
0.005
0.001
0.0005
0.0001
0.00005 (Display step software option)
0.00001 (Display step software option)
Display step for position display in inches
0.005
0.001
0.0005
0.0001
0.00005 (Display step software option)
0.00001 (Display step software option)

DisplaySettings
Definition of the unit of measure valid for the display
Metric: Use metric system
Inch: Use inch system

DisplaySettings
Format of the NC programs and cycle display
Program entry in HEIDENHAIN plain language or in DIN/ISO
HEIDENHAIN: Program entry in plain language in MDI mode
ISO: Program entry in DIN /ISO in MDI mode
Display of cycles
TNC_STD: Display cycles with comments
TNC_PARAM: Display cycles without comments

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 441

16.1 Machine-Specific User Parameters
Parameter Settings
DisplaySettings
NC and PLC conversational language settings
NC conversational language
ENGLISH
GERMAN
CZECH
FRENCH
ITALIAN
SPANISH
PORTUGUESE
SWEDISH
DANISH
FINNISH
DUTCH
POLISH
HUNGARIAN
RUSSIAN
CHINESE
CHINESE_TRAD
SLOVENIAN
ESTONIAN
KOREAN
LATVIAN
NORWEGIAN
ROMANIAN
SLOVAK
TURKISH
LITHUANIAN
PLC conversational language
See NC conversational language
Language for PLC error messages
See NC conversational language
Language for online help
See NC conversational language

DisplaySettings
Behavior during control startup
Acknowledge the Power interrupted message
TRUE:Start-up of the control is not continued until the message has been acknowledged.
FALSE:The Power interrupted message does not appear.
Display of cycles
TNC_STD: Display cycles with comments
TNC_PARAM: Display cycles without comments

442 Tables and Overviews

 16.1 Machine-Specific User Parameters
Parameter Settings
ProbeSettings
Configuration of probing behavior
Manual operation: Including basic rotation
TRUE: Including active basic rotation during probing
FALSE: Always move on paraxial path during probing
Automatic mode: Multiple measurements in probing functions
1 to 3: Probings per probing process
Automatic mode: Confidence interval of multiple measurements
0.002 to 0.999 [mm]: Range within which the measured value must be during multiple measurements
CfgToolMeasurement
M function for spindle orientation
-1: Spindle orientation directly by the NC
0: Function inactive
1 to 999: Number of the M function for spindle orientation
Probing direction for tool radius measurement
X_Positive, Y_Positive, X_Negative, Y_Negative (depending on the tool axis)
Distance from lower edge of tool to upper edge of stylus
0.001 to 99.9999 [mm]: Offset of stylus to tool
Rapid traverse in probing cycle
10 to 300 000 [mm/min]: Rapid traverse in probing cycle
Probing feed rate for tool measurement
1 to 3 000 [mm/min]: Rapid traverse during tool measurement
Calculation of the probing feed rate
ConstantTolerance: Calculation of the probing feed rate with constant tolerance
VariableTolerance: Calculation of the probing feed rate with variable tolerance
ConstantFeed: Constant probing feed rate
Max. permissible surface cutting speed at the tooth edge
1 to129 [m/min]: Permissible surface cutting speed at the circumference of the milling tool
Maximum permissible speed during tool measurement
0 to 1 000 [1/min]: Maximum permissible speed
Maximum permissible measuring error for tool measurement
0.001 to 0.999 [mm]: First maximum permissible measurement error
Maximum permissible measuring error for tool measurement
0.001 to 0.999 [mm]: Second maximum permissible measurement error
CfgTTRoundStylus
Coordinates of the stylus center
[0]: X coordinate of the stylus center with respect to the machine datum
[1]: Y coordinate of the stylus center with respect to the machine datum
[2]: Z coordinate of the stylus center with respect to the machine datum
Safety clearance above the stylus for pre-positioning
0.001 to 99 999.9999 [mm]: Set-up clearance in tool-axis direction
Safety zone around the stylus for pre-positioning
0.001 to 99 999.9999 [mm]: Set-up clearance in the plane perpendicular to the tool axis

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 443

16.1 Machine-Specific User Parameters
Parameter Settings
ChannelSettings
CH_NC
Active kinematics
Kinematics to be activated
List of machine kinematics
Geometry tolerances
Permissible deviation from the radius
0.0001 to 0.016 [mm]: Permissible deviation of the radius at the circle end-point compared with
the circle start-point
Configuration of the fixed cycles
Overlap factor for pocket milling
0.001 to 1.414: Overlap factor for Cycle 4 POCKET MILLING and Cycle 5 CIRCULAR POCKET
MILLING
Display the "Spindle ?" error message if M3/M4 is not active
On: Issue error message
Off: No error message
Display the "Enter a negative depth" error message
On: Issue error message
Off: No error message
Behavior when moving to wall of slot in the cylinder surface
LineNormal. Approach on a straight line
CircleTangential: Approach on a circular path
M function for spindle orientation
-1: Spindle orientation directly by the NC
0: Function inactive
1 to 999: Number of the M function for spindle orientation
Geometry filter for culling linear elements
Type of stretch filter
- Off: No filter active
- ShortCut: Omit individual points on a polygon
- Average: The geometry filter smoothes corners
Maximum distance of the filtered to the unfiltered contour
0 to 10 [mm]: The filtered points lie within this tolerance to the resulting new path
Maximum length of the path as a result of filtering
0 to 1000 [mm]: Length over which geometry filtering is active

444 Tables and Overviews

 16.1 Machine-Specific User Parameters
Parameter Settings
Settings for the NC editor
Generate backup files
TRUE: Generate backup file after editing NC programs
FALSE: Do not generate backup file after editing NC programs
Behavior of the cursor after deletion of lines
TRUE: Cursor is placed on the preceding line after deletion (iTNC behavior)
FALSE: Cursor is placed on the following line after deletion
Behavior of the cursor on the first or last line
TRUE: Cursor jumps from end to beginning of program
FALSE: Cursor does not jump from end to beginning of program
Line break with multiline blocks
ALL: Always display all lines
ACT: Only display the lines of the active block completely
NO: Only display all lines when block is edited
Activate help
TRUE: Always display help graphics during input
FALSE: Only display help graphics if HELP was activated by pressing the key
Behavior of the soft-key row after a cycle entry
TRUE: The cycle soft-key row remains active after a cycle definition
FALSE: The cycle soft-key row is hidden after a cycle definition
Safety check when deleting blocks
TRUE: Display confirmation question when deleting an NC block
FALSE: Do not display confirmation question when deleting an NC block
Program length for which the geometry is to be checked
100 to 9999: Program length for which the geometry is to be checked

Paths for the end user

List of drives and/or directories
Drives or directories entered here are shown in the TNCs file manager

Universal Time (Greenwich Mean Time)

Time difference to universal time [h]
-12 to 13: Time difference in hours relative to Greenwich Mean Time

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 445

16.2 Pin Layouts and Connecting Cables for the Data Interfaces
16.2 Pin Layouts and Connecting
Cables for the Data Interfaces
RS-232-C/V.24 interface for HEIDENHAIN
devices

The interface complies with the requirements of

EN 50 178 for low voltage electrical separation.

When using the 25-pin adapter block:

Adapter block
TNC Connecting cable 365 725-xx Connecting cable 274 545-xx
310 085-01
Male Assignment Female Color Female Male Female Male Color Female
1 Do not assign 1 1 1 1 1 White/Brown 1
2 RXD 2 Yellow 3 3 3 3 Yellow 2
3 TXD 3 Green 2 2 2 2 Green 3
4 DTR 4 Brown 20 20 20 20 Brown 8
5 Signal GND 5 Red 7 7 7 7 Red 7
6 DSR 6 Blue 6 6 6 6 6
7 RTS 7 Gray 4 4 4 4 Gray 5
8 CTR 8 Pink 5 5 5 5 Pink 4
9 Do not assign 9 8 Violet 20
Hsg. Ext. shield Hsg. Ext. shield Hsg. Hsg. Hsg. Hsg. Ext. shield Hsg.

When using the 9-pin adapter block:

Adapter block
TNC Connecting cable 355 484-xx Connecting cable 366 964-xx
363 987-02
Male Assignment Female Color Male Female Male Female Color Female
1 Do not assign 1 Red 1 1 1 1 Red 1
2 RXD 2 Yellow 2 2 2 2 Yellow 3
3 TXD 3 White 3 3 3 3 White 2
4 DTR 4 Brown 4 4 4 4 Brown 6
5 Signal GND 5 Black 5 5 5 5 Black 5
6 DSR 6 Violet 6 6 6 6 Violet 4
7 RTS 7 Gray 7 7 7 7 Gray 8
8 CTR 8 White/Green 8 8 8 8 White/Green 7
9 Do not assign 9 Green 9 9 9 9 Green 9
Hsg. Ext. shield Hsg. Ext. shield Hsg. Hsg. Hsg. Hsg. Ext. shield Hsg.

446 Tables and Overviews

 16.2 Pin Layouts and Connecting Cables for the Data Interfaces
Non-HEIDENHAIN devices
The connector pin layout of a non-HEIDENHAIN device may differ
considerably from that of a HEIDENHAIN device.
It depends on the unit and the type of data transfer. The table below
shows the connector pin layout on the adapter block.
Adapter block 363 987-02 Connecting cable 366 964-xx
Female Male Female Color Female
1 1 1 Red 1
2 2 2 Yellow 3
3 3 3 White 2
4 4 4 Brown 6
5 5 5 Black 5
6 6 6 Violet 4
7 7 7 Gray 8
8 8 8 White/Green 7
9 9 9 Green 9
Hsg. Hsg. Hsg. External Hsg.
shield

Ethernet interface RJ45 socket

Maximum cable length:
Unshielded: 100 m
Shielded: 400 m

Pin Signal Description

1 TX+ Transmit Data

2 TX Transmit Data

3 REC+ Receive Data

4 Vacant

5 Vacant

6 REC Receive Data

7 Vacant

8 Vacant

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 447

16.3 Technical Information
16.3 Technical Information
Explanation of symbols
Standard
Axis option
Software option 1s

User functions
Short description Basic version: 3 axes plus closed-loop spindle
1st additional axis for 4 axes plus closed-loop spindle
2nd additional axis for 5 axes plus closed-loop spindle

Program entry In HEIDENHAIN conversational format and DIN/ISO over soft keys or USB keyboard

Position data Nominal positions for lines and arcs in Cartesian coordinates or polar coordinates
Incremental or absolute dimensions
Display and entry in mm or inches

Tool compensation Tool radius in the working plane and tool length
Radius compensated contour look ahead for up to 99 blocks (M120)

Tool tables Multiple tool tables with any number of tools

Constant cutting speed With respect to the path of the tool center
With respect to the cutting edge

Parallel operation Creating a program with graphical support while another program is being run

Contour elements Straight line

Chamfer
Circular path
Circle center point
Circle radius
Tangentially connected arc
Corner rounding

Approaching and departing Via straight line: tangential or perpendicular

the contour Via circular arc

FK free contour programming FK free contour programming in HEIDENHAIN conversational format with graphic
support for workpiece drawings not dimensioned for NC

Program jumps Subroutines

Program-section repeat
Any desired program as subroutine

448 Tables and Overviews

 16.3 Technical Information
User functions
Fixed cycles Cycles for drilling, and conventional and rigid tapping
Roughing of rectangular and circular pockets
Cycles for pecking, reaming, boring, and counterboring
Cycles for milling internal and external threads
Finishing of rectangular and circular pockets
Cycles for clearing level and inclined surfaces
Cycles for milling linear and circular slots
Linear and circular point patterns
Contour-parallel contour pocket
Contour train
OEM cycles (special cycles developed by the machine tool builder) can also be
integrated

Coordinate transformation Datum shift, rotation, mirroring

Scaling factor (axis-specific)
Tilting the working plane (software option)

Q parameters Mathematical functions =, +, , *, /, sin , cos , root calculation

Programming with variables Logical comparisons (=, =/ , <, >)
Calculating with parentheses
tan , arc sine, arc cosine, arc tangent, an, en, ln, log, absolute value of a number, the
constant , negation, truncation of digits before or after the decimal point
Functions for calculation of circles
String parameters

Programming aids Online calculator

Complete list of all current error messages
Context-sensitive help function for error messages
Graphic support for the programming of cycles
Comment blocks in the NC program

Actual position capture Actual positions can be transferred directly into the NC program

Program verification graphics Graphic simulation before program run, even while another program is being run
Display modes Plan view / projection in 3 planes / 3-D view
Magnification of details

Programming graphics In the Programming mode, the contour of the NC blocks is drawn on screen while they
are being entered (2-D pencil-trace graphics), even while another program is running

Program Run graphics Graphic simulation of real-time machining in plan view / projection in 3 planes /
Display modes 3-D view

Machining time Calculation of the machining time in the Test Run mode of operation
Display of the current machining time in the Program Run modes

Returning to the contour Mid-program startup in any block in the program, returning the tool to the calculated
nominal position to continue machining
Program interruption, contour departure and return

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 449

16.3 Technical Information
User functions
Datum tables Multiple datum tables, for storing workpiece-related datums

Touch-probe cycles Calibrate touch probe

Compensation of workpiece misalignment, manual or automatic
Datum setting, manual or automatic
Automatic workpiece measurement
Cycles for automatic tool measurement

Specifications
Components Main computer with TNC keyboard and integrated 15.1-inch TFT color flat-panel
display with soft keys

Program memory 300 MB (on compact flash memory card CFR)

Input resolution and display Up to 0.1 m for linear axes

step Up to 0.0001 for angular axes

Input range Maximum 999 999 999 mm or 999 999 999

Interpolation Linear in 4 axes

Circular in 2 axes
Circular in 3 axes with tilted working plane (software option 1)
Helical: superimposition of circular and straight paths

Block processing time 6 ms (3-D straight line without radius compensation)

3-D straight line without radius
compensation

Axis feedback control Position loop resolution: Signal period of the position encoder/1024
Cycle time of position controller: 3 ms
Cycle time of speed controller: 600 s

Range of traverse Maximum 100 m (3937 inches)

Spindle speed Maximum 100 000 rpm (analog speed command signal)

Error compensation Linear and nonlinear axis error, backlash, reversal spikes during circular movements,
thermal expansion
Stick-slip friction

Data interfaces One each RS-232-C /V.24 max. 115 kilobaud

Expanded data interface with LSV-2 protocol for remote operation of the TNC through
the data interface with the HEIDENHAIN software TNCremo
Ethernet interface 100BaseT
Approx. 2 to 5 megabaud (depending on file type and network load)
3 x USB 1.1

Ambient temperature Operation: 0 C to +45 C

Storage: 30 C to +70 C

450 Tables and Overviews

 16.3 Technical Information
Accessories
Electronic handwheels One HR 410 portable handwheel or
One HR 130 panel-mounted handwheel or
Up to three HR 150 panel-mounted handwheels via HRA 110 handwheel adapter

Touch probes TS 220: 3-D touch trigger probe with cable connection, or
TS 440: 3-D touch trigger probe with infrared transmission
TS 444: Battery-free 3-D touch trigger probe with infrared transmission
TS 640: 3-D touch trigger probe with infrared transmission
TS 740: High-precision 3-D touch trigger probe with infrared transmission
TT 140: 3-D touch trigger probe for workpiece measurement

Software option 1 (option number #08)

Rotary table machining Programming of cylindrical contours as if in two axes
Feed rate in mm/min

Coordinate transformation Tilting the working plane

Interpolation Circle in 3 axes with tilted working plane

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 451

16.3 Technical Information
Input format and unit of TNC functions
Positions, coordinates, circle radii, chamfer 99 999.9999 to +99 999.9999
lengths (5.4: places before and after the decimal point) [mm]

Tool numbers 0 to 32 767.9 (5.1)

Tool names 16 characters, enclosed by quotation marks with TOOL CALL. Permitted
special characters: #, $, %, &, -

Delta values for tool compensation 99.9999 to +99.9999 (2.4) [mm]

Spindle speeds 0 to 99 999.999 (5.3) [rpm]

Feed rates 0 to 99 999.999 (5.3) [mm/min] or [mm/tooth] or [mm/rev]

Dwell time in Cycle 9 0 to 3600.000 (4.3) [s]

Thread pitch in various cycles 99.9999 to +99.9999 (2.4) [mm]

Angle of spindle orientation 0 to 360.0000 (3.4) []

Angle for polar coordinates, rotation, tilting 360.0000 to +360.0000 (3.4) []

the working plane

Polar coordinate angle for helical -5 400.0000 to 5 400.0000 (4.4) []

interpolation (CP)

Datum numbers in Cycle 7 0 to 2999 (4.0)

Scaling factor in Cycles 11 and 26 0.000 001 to 99.999 999 (2.6)

Miscellaneous functions M 0 to 999 (3.0)

Q parameter numbers 0 to 1999 (4.0)

Q parameter values -99 999.9999 to +99 999.9999 (5.4)

Surface-normal vectors N and T with -9.99999999 to +9.99999999 (1.8)

3-D compensation

Labels (LBL) for program jumps 0 to 999 (3.0)

Labels (LBL) for program jumps Any text string in quotes ()

Number of program section repeats REP 1 to 65 534 (5.0)

Error number with Q parameter function 0 to 1099 (4.0)

FN14

452 Tables and Overviews

 16.4 Exchanging the Buffer Battery
16.4 Exchanging the Buffer Battery
A buffer battery supplies the TNC with current to prevent the data in
RAM memory from being lost when the TNC is switched off.
If the TNC displays the error message Exchange buffer battery, then
you must replace the battery:

Make a data backup before changing the buffer battery!

To exchange the buffer battery, first switch off the TNC!
The buffer battery must be exchanged only by trained
service personnel. 1

Battery type: 1 Lithium battery, type CR 2450N (Renata)

ID 315 878-01
1 The buffer battery is on the main board of the MC 6110
2 Remove the five screws of the MC 6110 housing cover
3 Remove the cover
4 The buffer battery is at the border of the PCB
5 Exchange the battery. The socket accepts a new battery only in the
correct orientation.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 453

 16.4 Exchanging the Buffer Battery

454
Tables and Overviews
 Index
Symbole D F
3-D touch probes Data backup ... 92, 112 File
Calibrating Data interface Creating ... 98
Triggering ... 370 Pin layout ... 446 File management ... 93
3-D view ... 397 setting ... 422 Calling ... 95
Data transfer rate ... 422, 423 Copying a file ... 99
A Data transfer software ... 425 Deleting a file ... 101
Accessories ... 71 Datum management ... 360 Directories ... 93
Actual position capture ... 84 Datum setting ... 358 Copying ... 100
Additional axes ... 75 without a 3-D touch probe ... 358 Creating ... 98
Automatic program start ... 413 Datum setting, manual External data transfer ... 106
Automatic tool measurement ... 138 Circle center as datum ... 377 File
Corner as datum ... 376 Creating ... 98
B In any axis ... 375 File name ... 92
Basic rotation Datum table File selection ... 96
Measuring in the Manual Operation Confirming probed values ... 368 File type ... 91
mode ... 373 Datum, setting the ... ... 78 File, renaming... ... 104
Block Dialog ... 82 Overview of functions ... 94
Deleting ... 86 Directory ... 93, 98 Protecting a file ... 105
Inserting, editing ... 86 Copying ... 100 Renaming a file ... 104
Blocks Creating ... 98 Tagging files ... 103
Buffer battery exchange ... 453 Deleting ... 102 File status ... 95
FK free contour programming
C E Circular paths ... 192
Calculating with parentheses ... 269 Ellipse ... 288 Input possibilities
Calculator ... 116 Error messages ... 120 Circle data ... 195
Chamfer ... 168 Help with ... 120 FK Programming ... 187
Circle calculations ... 231 Ethernet interface Dialog initiation ... 190
Circle center point ... 170 Connecting and disconnecting Fundamentals ... 187
Circular path ... 171, 172, 174, 181, 182 network drives ... 108 Graphics ... 189
Code numbers ... 421 Connection possibilities ... 427 Input possibilities
Comments, adding ... 113 Introduction ... 427 Auxiliary points ... 197
Compensating workpiece misalignment External data transfer Closed contours ... 196
By measuring two points of a iTNC 530 ... 106 Direction and length of contour
line ... 373 elements ... 194
Context-sensitive help ... 125 F End points ... 193
Contour approach ... 158 FCL ... 420 Relative data ... 198
With polar coordinates ... 160 FCL function ... 7 Straight lines ... 191
Contour departure ... 158 Feature content level ... 7
With polar coordinates ... 160 Feed rate ... 356
Conversational programming ... 82 Changing ... 357
Copying program sections ... 88 for rotary axes, M116 ... 346
Corner rounding ... 169 Input possibilities ... 83
Cylinder ... 290 Feed rate factor for plunging
movements M103 ... 304
Feed rate in millimeters per spindle
revolution M136 ... 305

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 455

Index F K O
FK programming Keyboard ... 59 Open contour corners M98 ... 303
Input possibilities Operating modes ... 60
FN14: ERROR: Displaying error L Operating times ... 435
messages ... 236 Local Q parameters, defining ... 225 Option number ... 420
FN15: PRINT: Formatted output of Look-ahead ... 306 Output of data to the server ... 244
texts ... 241
FN18: SYSREAD: Read system M P
data ... 245 M functions Parametric programming: See Q
FN19: PLC: Transfer values to the See Miscellaneous functions parameter programming
PLC ... 254 M91, M92 ... 298 Part families ... 226
FN20: WAIT FOR NC and PLC Machine axes, moving the ... 353 Path ... 93
synchronization ... 255 In increments ... 354 Path contours
FN23: CIRCLE DATA: Calculating a With the electronic Cartesian coordinates
circle from 3 points ... 231 handwheel ... 355 Circular arc with tangential
FN24: CIRCLE DATA: Calculating a With the machine axis direction connection ... 174
circle from 4 points ... 231 buttons ... 353 Circular path around circle center
Full circle ... 171 Machine parameters CC ... 171
Fundamentals ... 74 For 3-D touch probes ... 440 Circular path with defined
Machining time, measuring the... ... 400 radius ... 172
G Mid-program startup ... 410 Overview ... 166
Graphic simulation ... 399 After power failure ... 410 Straight line ... 167
Graphics Miscellaneous Functions Polar coordinates
Display modes ... 395 for Rotary Axes ... 346 Circular arc with tangential
During programming ... 118 Miscellaneous functions connection ... 182
Detail enlargement ... 119 Entering ... 296 Circular path around pole
Magnification of details ... 398 For contouring behavior ... 301 CC ... 181
For coordinate data ... 298 Overview ... 179
H For program run control ... 297 Straight line ... 180
Hard disk ... 91 For spindle and coolant ... 297 Path functions
Helical interpolation ... 183 MOD function Fundamentals ... 152
Helix ... 183 Exiting ... 418 Circles and circular arcs ... 155
Help files, downloading ... 130 Overview ... 419 Pre-position ... 156
Help system ... 125 Select ... 418 Pin layout for data interfaces ... 446
Help with error messages ... 120 Plan view ... 395
N PLANE function ... 325
I NC error messages ... 120 Automatic positioning ... 342
Indexed tools ... 140 Nesting ... 211 Axis angle definition ... 340
Information on formats ... 452 Network connection ... 108 Euler angle definition ... 333
Interrupt machining ... 407 Nonvolatile Q parameters, Incremental definition ... 339
iTNC 530 ... 56 defining ... 225 Points definition ... 337
Normal vector ... 335 Positioning behavior ... 342
Projection angle definition ... 331
Reset ... 328
Selection of possible
solutions ... 344
Space-angle definition ... 329
Vector definition ... 335

456
 Index
P Q S
PLC and NC synchronization ... 255 Q parameter programming ... 222, 273 Screen layout ... 58
Pocket table ... 142 Additional functions ... 235 Screen output of data ... 244
Polar coordinates Basic arithmetic (assign, add, Search function ... 89
Approach/depart contour ... 160 subtract, multiply, divide, square Secondary axes ... 75
Fundamentals ... 76 root) ... 227 Setting the baud rate ... 422, 423
Programming ... 179 Circle calculations ... 231 Software number ... 420
Positioning If/then decisions ... 232 SPEC FCT ... 314
With a tilted working plane ... 300 Programming notes ... 224, 275, Special functions ... 314
with manual data input (MDI) ... 388 276, 277, 279, 281 Specifications ... 448
Preset table ... 360 Trigonometric functions ... 229 Sphere ... 292
Confirming probed values ... 369 Q parameters Spindle speed, changing the ... 357
Principal axes ... 75 Checking ... 234 Spindle speed, entering ... 145
Probe cycles Formatted output ... 241 SQL commands ... 258
See Users Manual for Touch Probe Local QL parameters ... 222 Status display ... 63
Cycles Nonvolatile QR parameters ... 222 Additional ... 65
Probing cycles Preassigned ... 282 General ... 63
Program Transferring values to the Straight line ... 167, 180
Editing ... 85 PLC ... 254, 256, 257 String parameters ... 273
Open new ... 80 Structuring programs ... 115
-Structure ... 79 R Subprogram ... 207
Structuring ... 115 Radius compensation ... 147 Superimposing handwheel positioning
Program call Input ... 149 M118 ... 308
Any desired program as Outside corners, inside Switch-off ... 352
subroutine ... 209 corners ... 150 Switch-on ... 350
Program defaults ... 315 Rapid traverse ... 132 Synchronize NC and PLC ... 255
Program management: see File Reference points, crossing over ... 350
management Reference system ... 75
Program name:See File management, Replacing texts ... 90
File name Retraction from the contour ... 309
Program Run Returning to the contour ... 412
Resuming after an Rotary axis
interruption ... 409 Reducing display M94 ... 348
Program run Shorter-path traverse: M126 ... 347
Executing ... 406
Interrupting ... 407
Mid-program startup ... 410
Optional block skip ... 414
Overview ... 405
Program sections, copying ... 88
Programming graphics ... 189
Programming tool movements ... 82
Program-section repeat ... 208
Projection in three planes ... 396

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 457

Index T U
Table access ... 258 Unit of measure, selection ... 80
Teach in ... 84, 167 USB devices, connecting/
Test Run removing ... 109
Executing ... 404 User parameters
Overview ... 402 General
Text variables ... 273 For 3-D touch probes ... 440
Tilting the working plane ... 325, 382 Machine-specific ... 438
Manually ... 382
TNCguide ... 125 V
TNCremo ... 425 Version numbers ... 421
TNCremoNT ... 425 Visual display unit ... 57
Tool compensation
Length ... 146 W
Radius ... 147 Workpiece blank, defining a ... ... 80
Tool data Workpiece measurement ... 378
Calling ... 145 Workpiece positions
Delta values ... 135 Absolute ... 77
Entering into tables ... 136 Incremental ... 77
Entering them into the Workspace monitoring ... 401, 404
program ... 135 Writing probed values in datum
Indexing ... 140 tables ... 368
Tool length ... 134 Writing probed values in preset
Tool measurement ... 138 table ... 369
Tool name ... 134
Tool number ... 134
Tool radius ... 134
Tool table
Editing functions ... 140
Editing, exiting ... 139
Input possibilities ... 136
Touch probe cycles
Manual Operation mode ... 366
Touch probe functions, use with
mechanical probes or dial
gauges ... 381
Touch probe monitoring ... 310
Trigonometric functions ... 229
Trigonometry ... 229

458
Overview Tables
Fixed cycles
Cycle DEF CALL
Cycle designation
number active active
7 Datum shift

8 Mirror image

9 Dwell time

10 Rotation

11 Scaling factor

12 Program call

13 Oriented spindle stop

14 Contour definition

19 Tilting the working plane

20 Contour data SL II

21 Pilot drilling SL II

22 Rough out SL II

23 Floor finishing SL II

24 Side finishing SL II

25 Contour train

26 Axis-specific scaling

27 Cylinder surface

28 Cylindrical surface slot

29 Cylinder surface ridge

32 Tolerance

200 Drilling

201 Reaming

202 Boring

203 Universal drilling

204 Back boring

205 Universal pecking

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 459

Cycle DEF CALL
Cycle designation
number active active
206 Tapping with a floating tap holder, new

207 Rigid tapping, new

208 Bore milling

209 Tapping with chip breaking

220 Circular point pattern

221 Linear point pattern

230 Multipass milling

231 Ruled surface

232 Face milling

240 Centering

241 Single-fluted deep-hole drilling

247 Datum setting

251 Rectangular pocket (complete machining)

252 Circular pocket (complete machining)

253 Key-way milling

254 Circular slot

256 Rectangular stud (complete machining)

257 Circular stud (complete machining)

262 Thread milling

263 Thread milling/countersinking

264 Thread drilling/milling

265 Helical thread drilling/milling

267 Outside thread milling

460
Miscellaneous functions
M Effect Effective at block... Start End Page
M0 Stop program/Spindle STOP/Coolant OFF Page 297

M1 Optional program STOP/Spindle STOP/Coolant OFF Page 415

M2 Stop program/Spindle STOP/Coolant OFF/Clear status display Page 297

(depending on machine parameter)/Go to block 1

M3 Spindle ON clockwise Page 297

M4 Spindle ON counterclockwise
M5 Spindle STOP

M6 Tool change/Stop program run (depending on machine parameter)/Spindle STOP Page 297

M8 Coolant ON Page 297

M9 Coolant OFF

M13 Spindle ON clockwise/Coolant ON Page 297

M14 Spindle ON counterclockwise/Coolant ON

M30 Same function as M2 Page 297

M89 Vacant miscellaneous function or Cycles

Cycle call, modally effective (depending on machine parameter) Manual

M91 Within the positioning block: Coordinates are referenced to machine datum Page 298

M92 Within the positioning block: Coordinates are referenced to position defined by machine Page 298
tool builder, such as tool change position

M94 Reduce the rotary axis display to a value below 360 Page 348

M97 Machine small contour steps Page 301

M98 Machine open contours completely Page 303

M99 Blockwise cycle call Cycles

Manual

M109 Constant contouring speed at tool cutting edge Page 305

(increase and decrease feed rate)
M110 Constant contouring speed at tool cutting edge
(feed rate decrease only)
M111 Reset M109/M110

M116 Feed rate for rotary axes in mm/min Page 346

M117 Reset M116

M118 Superimpose handwheel positioning during program run Page 308

M120 Pre-calculate radius-compensated contour (LOOK AHEAD) Page 306

M126 Shortest-path traverse of rotary axes Page 347

M127 Reset M126

M130 Moving to position in an untilted coordinate system with a tilted working plane Page 300

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 461

M Effect Effective at block... Start End Page
M140 Retraction from the contour in the tool-axis direction Page 309

M141 Suppress touch probe monitoring Page 310

M148 Retract the tool automatically from the contour at NC stop Page 311
M149 Reset M148

462
Comparison: Functions of the
TNC 320 and the iTNC 530
Comparison: Specifications
Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Axes 5 maximum 18 maximum

Input resolution and display step:

Linear axes 1 m 0.1 m
Rotary axes 0.001 0.0001

Display 15.1-inch TFT color 15.1-inch TFT color

flat-panel display flat-panel display
(optional: 19-inch TFT)

Memory media for NC, PLC programs and system files CompactFlash memory Hard disk
card

Program memory for NC programs 300 MB 25 GB

Block processing time 6 ms 3.6 ms (MC 420)

0.5 ms (MC 422 C)

HeROS operating system Yes Yes

Windows XP operating system No Option

Interpolation:
Straight line 4 axes 5 axes
Circle 3 axes 3 axes
Helix Yes Yes
Spline No Yes, option with
MC 420

Hardware Compact in operating Modular in electrical

panel cabinet

Comparison: Data interfaces

Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
100BaseT Fast Ethernet X X

RS-232-C/V.24 serial interface X X

RS-422/V.11 serial interface - X

USB interface (USB 1.1) X X

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 463

Comparison: Accessories
Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Machine operating panel
MB 420 X
MB 620 (HSCI) X X

Electronic handwheels
HR 410 X X
HR 420 X
HR 520/530/550 X
HR 130 X X
HR 150 via HRA 110 X X

Touch probes
TS 220 X X
TS 440 X X
TS 444 X X
TS 449 / TT 449 X
TS 640 X X
TS 740 X X
TT 130 / TT 140 X X

Industrial PC IPC 61xx X

Comparison: PC software
Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Programming station software Available Available

TNCremoNT for data transfer with Available Available

TNCbackup for data backup

TNCremoPlus data transfer software Available Available

with "live" screen

RemoTools SDK 1.2 : Function library Limited functionality available Available

for developing your own applications
for communicating with HEIDENHAIN
controls

virtualTNC: Control component for Not available Available

virtual machines

ConfigDesign: Software for Available Not available

configuring the control

464
Comparison: Machine-specific functions
Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Switching the traverse range Function not available Available function

Central drive (1 motor for multiple Function not available Available function
machine axes)

C-axis operation (spindle motor drives Function not available Available function
rotary axis)

Automatic exchange of milling head Function not available Available function

Support of angle heads Function not available Available function

Balluf tool identification Function not available Available function

Management of multiple tool Function not available Available function

magazines

Expanded tool management via Python Function not available Available function

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 465

Comparison: User functions
Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Program entry
HEIDENHAIN conversational X X
DIN/ISO X (soft keys) X (ASCII keys)
With smarT.NC X
With ASCII editor X, directly editable X, editable after
conversion

Position data
Nominal positions for lines and arcs in Cartesian coordinates X X
Nominal positions for lines and arcs in polar coordinates X X
Incremental or absolute dimensions X X
Display and entry in mm or inches X X
Paraxial positioning blocks X X
Set the last tool position as pole (empty CC block) X (error message if X
pole transfer is
ambiguous)
Surface normal vectors (LN) X
Spline blocks (SPL) X

Tool compensation
In the working plane, and tool length X X
Radius compensated contour look ahead for up to 99 blocks X X
Three-dimensional tool radius compensation X

Tool table
Central storage of tool data X, variable numbering X, fixed numbering
Multiple tool tables with any number of tools X X
Flexible management of tool types X
Filtered display of selectable tools X
Sorting function X
Column names Sometimes with _ Sometimes with -
Copy function: Overwriting relevant tool data X
Form view Switchover with Switchover by soft
split-screen layout key key
Exchange of tool table between TNC 320 and iTNC 530 Not possible Not possible

Touch-probe table for managing different 3-D touch probes X

Creating tool-usage file, checking the availability X

Cutting-data tables: Automatic calculation of spindle speed and X

feed rate from saved technology tables

Freely definable tables (.TAB files) X

466
 Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Constant contouring speed: Relative to the path of the tool center X X
or relative to the tool's cutting edge

Parallel operation: Creating programs while another program is X X

being run

Programming of counter axes X

Tilting the working plane (Cycle 19, PLANE function) Option #08 X, option #08 with
MC 420

Machining with rotary tables

Programming of cylindrical contours as if in two axes
Cylinder Surface (Cycle 27) X, option #08 X, option #08 with MC 420
Cylinder Surface (Cycle 28) X, option #08 X, option #08 with MC 420
Cylinder Surface Ridge (Cycle 29) X, option #08 X, option #08 with MC 420
Cylinder Surface External Contour (Cycle 39) X, option #08 with MC 420
Feed rate in mm/min or rev/min X, option #08 X, option #08 with MC 420

Traverse in tool-axis direction

Manual operation (3-D ROT menu) X, FCL2 function
During program interruption X
With handwheel superimpositioning X, option #44

Approaching and departing the contour: Via a straight line or arc X X

Entry of feed rates:

F (mm/min), rapid traverse FMAX X X
FU (feed per revolution mm/rev) X X
FZ (tooth feed rate) X X
FT (time in seconds for path) X
FMAXT (only for active rapid traverse pot: time in seconds for path) X

FK free contour programming

Programming for workpiece drawings not dimensioned for X X
NC programming
Conversion of FK program to conversational dialog X

Program jumps:
Maximum number of label numbers 65535 1000
Subroutines X X
Nesting depth for subprograms 20 6
Program section repeats X X
Any desired program as subroutine X X

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 467

 Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Q parameter programming:
Standard mathematical functions X X
Formula entry X X
String processing X X
Local Q parameters QL X
Nonvolatile Q parameters QR X
Changing parameters during program interruption X
FN15:PRINT X
FN25:PRESET X
FN26:TABOPEN X
FN27:TABWRITE X
FN28:TABREAD X
FN29: PLC LIST X
FN31: RANGE SELECT X
FN32: PLC PRESET X
FN37:EXPORT X
FN38: SEND X
Saving file externally with FN16 X
FN16 formatting: Left-aligned, right-aligned, string lengths X
FN16: Standard behavior while writing the file, if not defined with Each time F16 is Each time F16 is
APPEND or M_CLOSE called, the protocol is called, the data is
overwritten appended to the
existing file
Writing to LOG file with FN16 X
Displaying parameter contents in the additional status display X
Displaying parameter contents during programming (Q-INFO) X
SQL functions for writing and reading tables X

468
 Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Graphic support
2-D programming graphics X X
Synchronization between block display and graphics X
REDRAW function X
Show grid lines as the background X
3-D programming graphics X
Test graphics (plan view, projection in 3 planes, 3-D view) X X
High-resolution view X
Image data processing Blockwise in continuous jog
mode
Tool display Only in plan view X
Setting the simulation speed X
Coordinates of line intersection for projection in 3 planes X
Expanded zoom functions (mouse operation) X
Displaying frame for workpiece blank X X
Displaying the depth value in plan view during mouse-over X
Targeted stop of test run (STOP AT N) X
Consideration of tool change macro X
Program run graphics (plan view, projection in 3 planes, 3-D view) X X
High-resolution view X
Saving/opening of simulation results X

Datum tables: for storing workpiece-related datums X X

Preset table: for saving reference points (presets) X X

Pallet management
Support of pallet files X
Tool-oriented machining X
Pallet preset table: for managing pallet datums X

Returning to the contour

With mid-program startup X X
After program interruption X X

Autostart function X X

Actual position capture: Actual positions can be transferred to the X X

NC program

Enhanced file management

Creating multiple directories and subdirectories X X
Sorting function X X
Mouse operation X X
Selection of target directory by soft key X

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 469

 Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Programming aids:
Help graphics for cycle programming X, can be switched off X
via config datum
Animated help graphics when PLANE/PATTERN DEF function is X
selected
Help graphics for PLANE/PATTERN DEF X
Context-sensitive help function for error messages X X
TNCguide: Browser-based help system X X
Context-sensitive call of help system X
Calculator X (scientific) X (standard)
Comment blocks in NC program X (input via screen X (input via ASCII
keyboard) keyboard)
Structure blocks in NC program X (input via screen X (input via ASCII
keyboard) keyboard)
Structure view in test run X
Structure view for large programs X

Dynamic Collision Monitoring (DCM):

Collision monitoring in Automatic operation X, option #40
Collision monitoring in Manual operation X, option #40
Graphic depiction of the defined collision objects X, option #40
Collision checking in the Test Run mode X, option #40
Fixture monitoring X, option #40
Tool carrier management X, option #40

CAM support:
Loading of contours from DXF data X, option #42
Loading of machining positions from DXF data X, option #42
Offline filter for CAM files X
Stretch filter X

MOD functions:
User parameters Configuration data Numerical structure
OEM help files with service functions X
Data medium inspection X
Loading of service packs X
Setting the system time X
Selection of axes for actual position capture X
Definition of traverse range limits X
Restricting external access X
Switching the kinematics X

470
 Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Calling fixed cycles:
With M99 or M89 X X
With CYCL CALL X X
With CYCL CALL PAT X X
With CYC CALL POS X

Special functions:
Creating backward programs X
Datum shift with TRANS DATUM X
Adaptive Feed Control (AFC) X, option #45
Global definition of cycle parameters: GLOBAL DEF X
Pattern definition with PATTERN DEF X X
Definition and execution of point tables X X
Simple contour formula CONTOUR DEF X X

Functions for large molds and dies:

Global program settings (GS) X, option #44
Expanded M128: FUNCTION TCPM X

Status displays:
Positions, spindle speed, feed rate X X
Larger depiction of position display, Manual Operation X
Additional status display, form view X X
Display of handwheel traverse when machining with handwheel X
superimposition
Display of distance-to-go in a tilted system X
Dynamic display of Q-parameter contents, definable number X
ranges
OEM-specific additional status display via Python X
Graphic display of residual run time X

Individual color settings of user interface X

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 471

Comparison: Cycles
Cycle TNC 320 iTNC 530
1, Pecking X X

2, Tapping X X

3, Slot milling X X

4, Pocket milling X X

5, Circular pocket X X

6, Rough out (SL I) X

7, Datum shift X X

8, Mirror image X X

9, Dwell time X X

10, Rotation X X

11, Scaling X X

12, Program call X X

13, Oriented spindle stop X X

14, Contour definition X X

15, Pilot drilling (SL I) X

16, Contour milling (SL I) X

17, Tapping (controlled spindle) X X

18, Thread cutting X X

19, Working plane X, option #08 X, option #08 with

MC 420

20, Contour data X X

21, Pilot drilling X X

22, Rough-out: X X
Parameter Q401, feed rate factor X
Parameter Q404, fine roughing strategy X

23, Floor finishing X X

24, Side finishing X X

25, Contour train X X

26, Axis-specific scaling factor X X

472
 Cycle TNC 320 iTNC 530
27, Contour surface Option #08 X, option #08 with
MC 420

28, Cylinder surface Option #08 X, option #08 with

MC 420

29, Cylinder surface ridge Option #08 X, option #08 with

MC 420

30, 3-D data X

32, Tolerance with HSC mode and TA X X, option #09 with

MC 420

39, Cylinder surface external contour X, option #08 with

MC 420

200, Drilling X X

201, Reaming X X

202, Boring X X

203, Universal drilling X X

204, Back boring X X

205, Universal pecking X X

206, Tapping with floating tap holder X X

207, Rigid tapping, new X X

208, Bore milling X X

209, Tapping with chip breaking X X

210, Slot with reciprocating plunge X X

211, Circular slot X X

212, Rectangular pocket finishing X X

213, Rectangular stud finishing X X

214, Circular pocket finishing X X

215, Circular stud finishing X X

220, Circular pattern X X

221, Linear pattern X X

230, Multipass milling X X

231, Ruled surface X X

232, Face milling X X

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 473

 Cycle TNC 320 iTNC 530
240, Centering X X

241, Single-lip deep-hole drilling X X

247, Datum setting X X

251, Rectangular pocket (complete) X X

252, Circular pocket (complete) X X

253, Slot (complete) X X

254, Circular slot (complete) X X

256, Rectangular stud (complete) X X

257, Circular stud (complete) X X

262, Thread milling X X

263, Thread milling/countersinking X X

264, Thread drilling/milling X X

265, Helical thread drilling/milling X X

267, Outside thread milling X X

270, Contour train data for defining the behavior of Cycle 25 X

474
Comparison: Miscellaneous functions
M Effect TNC 320 iTNC 530
M00 Stop program/Spindle STOP/Coolant OFF X X

M01 Optional program STOP X X

M02 STOP program run/Spindle STOP/Coolant OFF/CLEAR status display X X

(depending on machine parameter)/Go to block 1

M03 Spindle ON clockwise X X

M04 Spindle ON counterclockwise
M05 Spindle STOP

M06 Tool change/STOP program run (machine-dependent function)/Spindle X X

STOP

M08 Coolant ON X X
M09 Coolant OFF

M13 Spindle ON clockwise/Coolant ON X X

M14 Spindle ON counterclockwise/Coolant ON

M30 Same function as M02 X X

M89 Vacant miscellaneous function or X X

Cycle call, modally effective (machine-dependent function)

M90 Constant contouring speed at corners X

M91 Within the positioning block: Coordinates are referenced to machine X X

datum

M92 Within the positioning block: Coordinates are referenced to position X X

defined by machine tool builder, such as tool change position

M94 Reduce the rotary axis display to a value below 360 X X

M97 Machine small contour steps X X

M98 Machine open contours completely X X

M99 Blockwise cycle call X X

M101 Automatic tool change with replacement tool if maximum tool life has X
expired
M102 Reset M101

M103 Reduce feed rate during plunging to factor F (percentage) X

M104 Reactivate the datum as last defined X

M105 Machining with second kv factor X

M106 Machining with first kv factor

M107 Suppress error message for replacement tools with oversize X X

M108 Reset M107

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 475

 M Effect TNC 320 iTNC 530
M109 Constant contouring speed at tool cutting edge X X
(increase and decrease feed rate)
M110 Constant contouring speed at tool cutting edge
(feed rate decrease only)
M111 Reset M109/M110

M112 Enter contour transition between two contour elements X

M113 Reset M112

M114 Automatic compensation of machine geometry when working with tilted X, option #08 with
axes MC 420
M115 Reset M114

M116 Feed rate for rotary tables in mm/min Option #08 X, option #08 with
M117 Reset M116 MC 420

M118 Superimpose handwheel positioning during program run X X

M120 Pre-calculate radius-compensated contour (LOOK AHEAD) X X

M124 Contour filter X

M126 Shortest-path traverse of rotary axes X X

M127 Reset M126

M128 Retain the position of the tool tip when positioning the tilted axes X, option #09 with
(TCPM) MC 420
M129 Reset M126

M130 Within the positioning block: Points are referenced to the untilted X X
coordinate system

M134 Exact stop at nontangential contour transitions when positioning with X

rotary axes
M135 Reset M134

M136 Feed rate F in millimeters per spindle revolution X

M137 Reset M136

M138 Selection of tilted axes X

M140 Retraction from the contour in the tool-axis direction X X

M141 Suppress touch probe monitoring X X

M142 Delete modal program information X

M143 Delete basic rotation X X

476
 M Effect TNC 320 iTNC 530
M144 Compensating the machines kinematics configuration for X, option #09 with
ACTUAL/NOMINAL positions at end of block MC 420
M145 Reset M144

M148 Retract the tool automatically from the contour at NC stop X X

M149 Reset M148

M150 Suppress limit switch message X

M200 Laser cutting functions X

-
M204

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 477

Comparison: Touch probe cycles in the Manual
Operation and El. Handwheel modes
Cycle TNC 320 iTNC 530
Touch-probe table for managing 3-D touch probes X

Calibrating the effective length X X

Calibrating the effective radius X X

Measuring a basic rotation using a line X X

Datum setting in any axis X X

Setting a corner as datum X X

Setting a circle center as datum X X

Setting a center line as datum X

Measuring a basic rotation using two holes/cylindrical studs X

Setting the datum using four holes/cylindrical studs X

Setting the circle center using three holes/cylindrical studs X

Support of mechanical touch probes by manually capturing the current position By soft key By hard key

Writing measured values in preset table X X

Writing measured values in datum tables X X

478
Comparison: Touch probe cycles for automatic
workpiece inspection
Cycle TNC 320 iTNC 530
0, Reference plane X X

1, Polar datum X X

2, Calibrate TS X

3, Measuring X X

4, Measuring in 3-D X

9, Calibrate TS length X

30, Calibrate TT X X

31, Measure tool length X X

32, Measure tool radius X X

33, Measure tool length and radius X X

400, Basic rotation X X

401, Basic rotation from two holes X X

402, Basic rotation from two studs X X

403, Compensate a basic rotation via a rotary axis X X

404, Set basic rotation X X

405, Compensating workpiece misalignment by rotating the C axis X X

408, Slot center datum X X

409, Ridge center datum X X

410, Datum from inside of rectangle X X

411, Datum from outside of rectangle X X

412, Datum from inside of circle X X

413, Datum from outside of circle X X

414, Datum at outside corner X X

415, Datum at inside corner X X

416, Datum at circle center X X

417, Datum in touch probe axis X X

418, Datum at center of 4 holes X X

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 479

 Cycle TNC 320 iTNC 530
419, Datum in one axis X X

420, Measure angle X X

421, Measure hole X X

422, Measure circle outside X X

423, Measure rectangle from inside X X

424, Measure rectangle outside X X

425, Measure inside width X X

426, Measure ridge outside X X

427, Boring X X

430, Measure bolt hole circle X X

431, Measure plane X X

440, Measure axis shift X

441, Fast probing X

450, Save kinematics X

451, Measure kinematics X

452, Preset compensation X

480, Calibrate TT X X

481, Measure/Inspect the tool length X X

482, Measure/Inspect the tool radius X X

483, Measure/Inspect the tool length and the tool radius X X

484, Calibrate infrared TT X

480
Comparison: Differences in programming
Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Input of texts (comments, program Input via screen keyboard Input via ASCII keyboard
names, structure items, network
addresses, etc.)

Switching the operating mode while a Not permitted Permitted

block is being edited

PGM CALL, SEL TABLE, SEL PATTERN, SEL Available Not available
CONTOUR: Selection of file in a pop-up
window

File handling:
Save file function Available Not available
Save file as function Available Not available
Discard changes Available Not available

File management:
Mouse operation Available Available
Sorting function Available Available
Entry of name Opens the Select file pop-up Synchronizes the cursor
window
Support of short cuts Not available Available
Favorites management Not available Available
Configuration of column structure Not available Available
Soft-key arrangement Slightly different Slightly different

Skip block function Insert/Remove by soft key Insert/Remove with ASCII keyboard

Selecting a tool from the table Selection via split-screen menu Selection in a pop-up window

Using the cursor in tables After editing a value, the horizontal After editing a value, the horizontal
arrow keys can be used for positioning arrow keys can be used for positioning
within the column to the next/previous column

Programming special functions with Pressing the key opens a soft-key row Pressing the key adds the soft-key row
the SPEC FCT key as a submenu. To exit the submenu, as the last row. To exit the menu, press
press the SPEC FCT key again; then the the SPEC FCT key again; then the TNC
TNC shows the last active soft-key row. shows the last active soft-key row.

Programming approach and departure Pressing the key opens a soft-key row Pressing the key adds the soft-key row
motions with the APPR DEP key as a submenu. To exit the submenu, as the last row. To exit the menu, press
press the APPR DEP key again; then the APPR DEP key again; then the TNC
the TNC shows the last active soft-key shows the last active soft-key row.
row.

Pressing the END hard key while the Terminates the editing process and Exits the respective menu
CYCLE DEF and TOUCH PROBE menus are calls the file manager
active

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 481

 Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Calling the file manager while the CYCLE Terminates the editing process and Error message Key non-functional
DEF and TOUCH PROBE menus are active calls the file manager. The respective
soft-key row remains selected when
the file manager is exited.

Calling the file manager while Terminates the editing process and Terminates the editing process and
CYCL CALL, SPEC FCT, PGM CALL and calls the file manager. The respective calls the file manager. The basic
APPR/DEP menus are active soft-key row remains selected when soft-key row is selected when the file
the file manager is exited. manager is exited.

Datum table:
Sorting function by values within an Available Not available
axis
Resetting the table Available Not available
Hiding axes that are not present Not available Available
Switching the list/form view Switchover via split-screen key Switchover by toggle soft key
Inserting individual line Allowed everywhere, renumbering Only allowed at end of table. Line
possible after request. Empty line is with value 0 in all columns is inserted
inserted, must be filled with zeros
manually
Transfer of actual position values in Not available Available
individual axis to the datum table per
keystroke
Transfer of actual position values in Not available Available
all active axes to the datum table per
keystroke
Using a key to capture the last Not available Available
positions measured by TS
Entry of comment in DOC column With the "Edit the current field" Via ASCII keyboard
function and the on-line keyboard

FK free contour programming:

Programming of parallel axes With X/Y coordinates, independent of Machine-dependent with the existing
machine type; switchover with parallel axes
FUNCTION PARAXMODE
Automatic correction of relative Relative references in contour All relative references are corrected
references subprograms are not corrected automatically
automatically

482
 Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Handling of error messages:
Help for error messages Call via ERR key Call via HELP key
Help for error messages while a Cause and corrective action cannot Pop-up window shows cause and
block is being edited be displayed while highlight is on the corrective action
block
Switching the operating mode while Help menu is closed when the Operating mode switchover is not
help menu is active operating mode is switched allowed (key is non-functional)
Selecting the background operating Help menu is closed when F12 is Help menu remains open when F12
mode while help menu is active used for switching is used for switching
Identical error messages Are collected in a list Are displayed only once
Acknowledgment of error messages Every error message (even if it is Error message to be acknowledged
displayed more than once) must be only once
acknowledged, the Delete all
function is available
Access to protocol functions Log and powerful filter functions Complete log without filter functions
(errors, keystrokes) are available available
Saving service files Available. No service file is created Available. A service file is
when the system crashes automatically created when the
system crashes

Find function:
List of words recently searched for Not available Available
Show elements of active block Not available Available
Show list of all available NC blocks Not available Available

Starting the find function with the Works with max. 9999 blocks, can be No limitation regarding program length
up/down arrow keys when highlight is set via config datum
on a block

Programming graphics:
Depiction of the traverse paths of an Not possible; after pressing CLEAR Available
individual NC block after the graphic GRAPHIC soft key, all previously
was deleted by soft key defined NC blocks are displayed
True-to-scale display of grid Available Not available
Editing contour subprograms in SLII If error messages occur, the cursor is If error messages occur, the cursor is
cycles with AUTO DRAW ON on the CYCL CALL block in the main on the error-causing block in the
program contour subprogram
Moving the zoom window Repeat function not available Repeat function available

Programming minor axes:

Syntax FUNCTION PARAXCOMP: Define Available Not available
the behavior of the display and the
paths of traverse
Syntax FUNCTION PARAXMODE: Define Available Not available
the assignment of the parallel axes to
be traversed

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 483

 Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Programming OEM cycles
Access to table data Via SQL commands Via FN17/FN18 or TABREAD-TABWRITE
functions
Access to machine parameters With the CFGREAD function Via FN18 functions
Creating interactive cycles with Available Not available
CYCLE QUERY, e.g. touch-probe cycles
in Manual Operation mode

Comparison: Differences in Test Run,

functionality
Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Display of delta values DR and DL from Are not considered Are considered
TOOL CALL block

Test Run up to block N Function not available Available function

Calculation of machining time Each time the simulation is repeated by Each time the simulation is repeated by
pressing the START soft key, the pressing the START soft key, time
machining time is totaled. calculation starts at 0.

Comparison: Differences in Test Run, operation

Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Arrangement of soft-key rows and soft Arrangement of soft-key rows and soft-keys varies depending on the active screen
keys within the rows layout.

Zoom function Each sectional plane can be selected by Sectional plane can be selected via
individual soft keys three toggle soft keys

Character set for PROGRAM screen Small character set Medium character set
layout

Performing a Test Run in Single block When you switch to the Programming The operating mode can be switched.
mode, switching to the Programming mode of operation, the warning No Changes to the program do not
mode of operation at any time write permission is displayed; once a influence the position of the cursor.
change has been made, the error
message is cleared and the program is
reset to the beginning when you switch
back to Test Run mode.

Machine-specific miscellaneous Lead to error messages if they are not Are ignored during Test Run
functions M integrated in the PLC

Displaying/editing the tool table Function available via soft key Function not available

484
Comparison: Differences in Manual Operation,
functionality
Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
3-D ROT function: Manual deactivation If the tilted working plane function is The programmed values are displayed
of the Tilt working plane function deactivated for both operating modes, in the 3-D ROT dialog even if the Tilt
the text fields will be filled with zeros working plane function is set to
instead of the current rotary axis inactive for both operating modes.
positions when the 3-D ROT function is
next called. The positions are entered
correctly if only one operating mode is
set to inactive.

Jog increment function The jog increment can be defined The jog increment applies for both
separately for linear and rotary axes. linear and rotary axes.

Preset table Basic transformation (translation and Basic transformation (translation ) of

rotation) of machine table system to machine table system to workpiece
workpiece system via the columns X, Y system via the columns X, Y and Z, as
and Z, as well as spatial angles SPA, SPB well as a ROT basic rotation in the
and SPC. working plane (rotation).
In addition, the columns X_OFFS to In addition, the columns A to W can be
W_OFFS can be used to define the axis used to define datums in the rotary and
offset of each individual axis. The parallel axes.
function of the axis offsets can be
configured.

Behavior during presetting Presetting in a rotary axis has the same Rotary axis offsets defined by machine
effect as an axis offset. The offset is parameters do not influence the axis
also effective for kinematics positions that were defined in the Tilt
calculations and for tilting the working working plane function.
plane.
MP7500 bit 3 defines whether the
The machine parameter current rotary axis position referenced
CfgAxisPropKin->presetToAlignAxis to the machine datum is taken into
is used to define whether the axis account, or whether a position of 0 is
offset is to be taken into account assumed for the first rotary axis (usually
internally after zero setting. the C axis).
Independently of this, an axis offset has
always the following effects:
An axis offset always influences the
nominal position display of the
affected axis (the axis offset is
subtracted from the current axis
value).
If a rotary axis coordinate is
programmed in an L block, then the
axis offset is added to the
programmed coordinate.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 485

 Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Handling of preset table:
Editing the preset table in the Possible Not possible
Programming mode of operation
Preset tables that depend on the Not available Available
range of traverse
Entry of comment in DOC column Via online keyboard Via ASCII keyboard

Definition of feed-rate limitation Feed-rate limitation can be defined Only one feed-rate limitation can be
separately for linear and rotary axes defined for linear and rotary axes

Comparison: Differences in Manual Operation,

operation
Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Character set for POSITION screen Small position display Large position display
layout

Capturing the position values from Actual-position capture by soft key Actual-position capture by hard key
mechanical probes

Exiting the touch probe functions menu Only via the END soft key Via the END soft key or the END hard
key

Exiting the preset table Only via the BACK/END soft keys Via the END hard key at any time

Multiple editing of tool table TOOL.T, or Soft-key row that was last active before Permanently defined soft-key row
pocket table tool_p.tch exiting is active (soft-key row 1) is displayed

486
Comparison: Differences in Program Run,
operation
Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Arrangement of soft-key rows and soft Arrangement of soft-key rows and soft-keys varies depending on the active screen
keys within the rows layout.

Character set for PROGRAM screen Small character set Medium character set
layout

Editing of program after program run The INTERNAL STOP soft key must Editing is possible right after switching
was interrupted by switching to the also be pressed to cancel the program. to the Programming mode of operation
Single block mode of operation.

Operating-mode switchover after The INTERNAL STOP soft key must Switching the operating mode is
program run was interrupted by also be pressed to cancel the program. allowed
switching to the Single block mode of
operation.

Operating-mode switchover after When you return to the Program Run Switching the operating mode is
program run was interrupted by mode of operation: Error message allowed, modal information is saved,
switching to the Single block mode of Selected block not addressed. Use program run can be continued by
operation, and canceled by INTERNAL mid-program startup to select the point pressing NC start
STOP on the TNC 320. of interruption.

GOTO is used to go to FK sequences Error message FK programming: GOTO allowed

after program run was interrupted Undefined starting position
there before switching the operating
mode

Mid-program startup:
Behavior after restoring the machine The menu for returning must be Menu for returning is selected
status selected with the RESTORE automatically.
POSITION soft key
Returning to the point of interruption The order of axis approach cannot be The order of axis approach is
with positioning logic recognized; a fixed sequence of axes displayed on the screen by
is always displayed on the screen highlighting the corresponding axes.
Completing positioning for After position has been reached, The positioning mode is
mid-program startup positioning mode must be exited automatically exited after the
with the RESTORE POSITION soft position has been reached.
key.
Switching the screen layout for Only possible, if startup position has Possible in all operating states
mid-program startup already been approached

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 487

 Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Error messages Error messages (e.g. limit switch Error messages are sometimes
messages) are still active after the error acknowledged automatically after the
has been corrected and must be error has been corrected.
acknowledged separately.

Editing Q-parameter contents after The INTERNAL STOP soft key must Direct editing possible
program run was interrupted by also be pressed to cancel the program.
switching to the Single block mode of
operation.

Manual traverse during program Function not available Available function

interruption and with active M118

488
Comparison: Differences in Program Run,
traverse movements

Caution: Check the traverse movements!

NC programs that were created on earlier TNC controls
may lead to different traverse movements or error
messages on a TNC 320!
Be sure to take the necessary care and caution when
running-in programs!
Please find a list of known differences below. The list does
not pretend to be complete!

Function TNC 320 iTNC 530

Handwheel-superimposed traverse Effective in the active coordinate Effective in the machine-based
with M118 system (which may also be rotated or coordinate system
tilted), or in the machine-based
coordinate system, depending on the
setting in the 3-D ROT menu for manual
operation.

M118 in conjunction with M128 Function not available Available function

Approach/Departure with APPR/DEP, R0 If possible, the blocks are executed in If possible, the blocks are executed in
is active, contour element plane is not the defined contour element plane, the defined working plane; error
equal to working plane error message for APPRLN, DEPLN, message for APPRLN, APPRLT, APPRCT,
APPRCT, DEPCT APPRLCT

Scaling approach/departure Axis-specific scaling factor is allowed, Error message

movements (APPR/DEP/RND) radius is not scaled

Approach/departure with APPR/DEP Error message if R0 is programmed for Tool radius 0 and compensation
APPR/DEP LN or APPR/DEP CT direction RR are assumed

Approach/departure with APPR/DEP if Contour elements with length 0 are An error message is issued if a contour
contour elements with length 0 are ignored. The approach/departure element with length 0 is programmed
defined. movements are calculated for the first after the APPR block (relative to the first
or last valid contour element contour point programmed in the APPR
block).
For a contour element with length 0
before a DEP block, the TNC does not
issue an error message, but uses the
last valid contour element to calculate
the departure movement.

Effect of Q parameters Q60 to Q99 (or QS60 to QS99) are always Q60 to Q99 (or QS60 to QS99) are local or
local. global, depending on MP7251 in
converted cycle programs (.cyc)
Nested calls may cause problems

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 489

 Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Automatic cancelation of tool radius Block with R0 Block with R0
compensation DEP block DEP block
END PGM PGM CALL
Programming of Cycle 10 ROTATION
Program selection

NC blocks with M91 No consideration of tool radius Consideration of tool radius

compensation compensation

Tool shape compensation Tool shape compensation is not Tool shape compensation is supported
supported, because this type of
programming is considered to be
axis-value programming, and the basic
assumption is that axes do not form a
Cartesian coordinate system.

Paraxial positioning blocks Radius compensation as in L blocks The tool approaches from the current
position of the previous block to the
programmed coordinate value. If the
next block is a linear block, it is dealt
with in the same way as an additional
radius-compensation block so that the
path will be contour-parallel from the
next but one linear block.

Mid-program startup in a point table The tool is positioned above the next The tool is positioned above the last
position to be machined. position that has been completely
machined.

Empty CC block (pole of last tool Last positioning block in the working Last positioning block in the working
position is used) in NC program plane must contain both coordinates of plane does not necessarily need to
the working plane contain both coordinates of the
working plane. Can cause problems
with RND or CHF blocks

Axis-specific scaling of RND block RND block is scaled, the result is an Error message is issued
ellipse

Reaction if a contour element with Error message is issued Error message is issued if a contour
length 0 is defined before or after a RND element with length 0 is located before
or CHF block the RND or CHF block
Contour element with length 0 is
ignored if the contour element with
length 0 is located after the RND or CHF
block.

Circle programming with polar The incremental rotation angle IPA and The algebraic sign of the direction of
coordinates the direction of rotation DR must have rotation is used if the sign defined for
the same sign. Otherwise, an error DR differs from the one defined for IPA
message will be issued

490
 Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Tool radius compensation on circular The transition between the adjacent The equidistant line of the arc/helix is
arc or helix with angular length = 0 elements of the arc/helix is generated. used for generating the tool path.
Also, the tool axis motion is executed
right before this transition. If the
element is the first or last element to
be corrected, the next or previous
element is dealt with in the same way
as the first or last element to be
corrected.

Checking the algebraic sign of the Must be deactivated if Cycle 209 is No restrictions
depth parameter in fixed cycles used

Tool change while tool radius Program cancellation with error Tool radius compensation is canceled,
compensation is active message tool change is performed

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 491

 Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
SLII Cycles 20 to 24:
Number of definable contour Max. 16384 blocks in up to 12 Max. 8192 contour elements in up to
elements subcontours 12 subcontours, no restrictions for
subcontour
Tool axis in TOOL CALL block defines The axes of the first positioning block
Define the working plane the working plane in the first subcontour define the
working plane
Traverse paths during rough-out Islands are not circumnavigated. Islands are circumnavigated at the
Reciprocating plunge infeed at current machining depth
reduced feed rate (increase in
machining time)
Contour-parallel rough-out, or paraxial Rough-out is always contour-parallel Configurable via MP7420
channel milling and rough-out
Internal consideration of combined Combinations always refer to the With MP7420, you can define
contours defined uncompensated contour whether the uncompensated or
compensated contour is to be
combined
Rough-out strategy if multiple At first, all pockets are roughed-out With MP7420, you can define
pockets are defined on the same plane whether individual pockets are
roughed-out completely or on the
same plane
Position at end of SL cycle End position = clearance height With MP7420, you can define
above the last position that is defined whether the end position is above
before the cycle call the last programmed position, or
whether the tool moves only to
clearance height
Tangential arcs for floor finishing Curvature of tangential arcs is Circular arcs are generated between
Cycle 23 derived from the curvature of the the starting point of the outermost
target contour. To position the path of the roughing tool and the
circular arc, the target contour is center of the first contour element of
systematically searched from end to the path of the finishing tool
beginning until a position is found
where no collision can occur. If this is
not possible, the arc length is halved
until it can be positioned.
Tangential arcs for side finishing The max. width of the arc is three Max. width of the arc (tool moves
Cycle 24 tool radii, the max. angular length is backward on tangential arc from
0.8 rad. To position the circular arc, starting point of the path to shortly
the target contour is systematically before next edge contour), max. arc
searched from end to beginning until height: finishing allowance + safety
a position is found where no collision clearance
can occur. If this is not possible, the
arc length is halved until it can be
positioned.

492
 Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
SLII Cycles 20 to 24:
Handling of coordinates and axis Error message is issued Axes that are outside the working
values outside the working plane plane in the contour description are
ignored
Handling of islands which are not Cannot be defined with complex Restricted definition in complex
contained in pockets contour formula contour formula is possible
Set operations for SL cycles with Real set operation possible Only restricted performance of real
complex contour formulas set operation possible
Radius compensation is active during Error message is issued Radius compensation is canceled,
CYCL CALL program is executed
Paraxial positioning blocks in contour Error message is issued Program is executed
subprogram
Miscellaneous functions M in contour Error message is issued M functions are ignored
subprogram
Infeed movements in contour Error message is issued Infeed movements are ignored
subprogram
M110 (feed-rate reduction for inside Function does not work within SL Function also works within SL cycles
corner) cycles

SLII Contour Train Cycle 25: APPR/DEP Not allowed, machining of closed APPR/DEP blocks are allowed as contour
blocks in contour definition contours is more coherent elements

General cylinder surface machining:

Contour definition With X/Y coordinates, independent of Machine-dependent, with existing
machine type rotary axes
Offset definition on cylinder surface With datum shift in X/Y, independent Machine-dependent datum shift in
of machine type rotary axes
Offset definition for basic rotation Available function Function not available
Circle programming with C/CC Available function Function not available
APPR/DEP blocks in contour definition Function not available Available function

Cylinder surface machining with

Cycle 28:
Complete roughing-out of slot Available function Function not available
Definable tolerance Available function Available function

Cylinder surface machining with Direct plunging to contour of ridge Circular approach to contour of ridge
Cycle 29

Cycles 25x for pockets, studs and slots In limit ranges (geometrical conditions In limit ranges (geometrical conditions
of tool/contour) error messages are of tool/contour), vertical plunging is
triggered if plunging movements lead used if required.
to unreasonable/critical behavior

Touch probe cycles for datum setting Cycles can only be executed if the tilted No restrictions in connection with
(manual and automatic cycles) working plane function is inactive, the coordinate transformations
datum shift is inactive and rotation with
Cycle 10 is inactive

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 493

 Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
PLANE function:
TABLE ROT/COORD ROT not defined Configured setting is used COORD ROT is used
Machine is configured for axis angle All PLANE functions can be used Only PLANE AXIAL is executed
Programming an incremental spatial Error message is issued Incremental spatial angle is
angle according to PLANE AXIAL interpreted as an absolute value
Programming an incremental axis Error message is issued Incremental axis angle is interpreted
angle according to PLANE SPATIAL if as an absolute value
the machine is configured for spatial
angle

Special functions for cycle

programming:
FN17 Function available, details are Function available, details are
different different
FN18 Function available, details are Function available, details are
different different

494
Comparison: Differences in MDI operation
Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Execution of connected sequences Function partially available Available function

Saving modally effective functions Function partially available Available function

Comparison: Differences in programming

station
Function TNC 320 iTNC 530
Demo version Programs with more than 100 NC Programs can be selected, max. 100
blocks cannot be selected, an error NC blocks are displayed, further blocks
message is issued are truncated in the display

Demo version If nesting with PGM CALL results in Nested programs can be simulated.
more than 100 NC blocks, there is no
test graphic display; an error message
is not issued

Copying NC programs Copying to and from the directory TNC:\ TNCremo or file manager of
is possible with Windows Explorer programming station must be used for
copying.

Shifting the horizontal soft-key row Clicking the soft-key bar shifts the Clicking any soft-key bar activates the
soft-key row to the right, or to the left respective soft-key row.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 495

496
DR. JOHANNES HEIDENHAIN GmbH
Dr.-Johannes-Heidenhain-Strae 5
83301 Traunreut, Germany
{ +49 8669 31-0
| +49 8669 5061
E-mail: [email protected]
Technical support | +49 8669 32-1000
Measuring systems { +49 8669 31-3104
E-mail: [email protected]
TNC support { +49 8669 31-3101
E-mail: [email protected]
NC programming { +49 8669 31-3103
E-mail: [email protected]
PLC programming { +49 8669 31-3102
E-mail: [email protected]
Lathe controls { +49 8669 31-3105
E-mail: [email protected]
www.heidenhain.de

3-D Touch Probe Systems from HEIDENHAIN

help you to reduce non-cutting time:
For example in
workpiece alignment
datum setting
workpiece measurement
digitizing 3-D surfaces

with the workpiece touch probes

TS 220 with cable
TS 640 with infrared transmission

tool measurement
wear monitoring
tool breakage monitoring

with the tool touch probe

TT 140

679 222-20 Ver00 SW04 1 9/2009 F&W Printed in Germany