2.

25 Fluid Mechanics
Professors G.H. McKinley and A.E. Hosoi

Stream Functions for planar ow (satisfy \ iv = 0)

Planar ow: Cartesian (x, y,/z ) vx =

y
vy =
x
vz = 0

Planar ow: Cylindrical (r, ,/z)

/ vr = 1r

v =
r
vz = 0

Axisymmetric ow: Cylindrical (r,/, z) vr = 1r

z
v = 0 vz = 1r
r
1 1
Axisymmetric ow: Spherical (r, ,//
) vr = r2 sin
v = r sin r
v = 0

Potential Functions (iv = \, requires \ iv = 0, \2 = 0)

Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z) vx = x
vy = y
vz = z
1
Cylindrical coordinates (r, , z) vr = r
v = r
vz = z
1 1
Spherical coordinates (r, , ) vr = r
v = r
v = r sin
uniform stream
W (z) = (U iV )z
V
y U = Ux + V y vx = U
x shown for U, V > 0
= V x + U y vy = V
source (Q>0) or sink (Q<0)
Q
z0 r! W (z) = 2 ln(z z0 )
!
Q Q 1
r = 2 ln r' vr = 2 r'
shown for Q > 0 Q '
= 2 v = 0
free vortex
i
z0 r! W (z) = 2 ln(z z0 )
!
'
r = 2 vr = 0
shown for > 0
= 2 ln r' v = 1
2 r'
forced vortex
z0 r! W (z) =
!

r = vr = 0
shown for K > 0 '2
= Kr2 v = Kr'

 doublet (x-orientation)
c
z0 r! W (z) = zz0
!
c cos ' '
r = r' vr = c cos
r '2

shown for c > 0 ' '

= c sin
r'

v = c sin
r'2

doublet (y-orientation)
ic
z0 r! W (z) = zz0
!
c sin ' '
r = r' vr = c sin
r '2

shown for c > 0 c cos ' c cos '

= r' v = r'2
sphere (axisymmetric flow)
R3
z0 r! W (z) = + i vr = U cos ' 1 r'3
U !
R3 R3
r = U cos ' r' + 2r '2
v = U sin ' 1 + 2r '3
shown for U > 0
R3
= 12 U sin2 ' r'2 r' v = 0
shear flow

A
W (z) = @
vx = 2Ay '
z0
y =@
vy = 0
x shown for A > 0
= Ay '2 vz = 0
stagnation point flow

z0 W (z) = 12 A(z z0 )2 vx = Ax'

y shown = 12 A(x'2 y '2 ) vy = Ay '
for
x A>0
= Ax' y ' vz = 0

Notes:
z = x + iy W (z) = + i
1
z0 = x0 + iy0 r' = (x x0 )2 + (y y0 )2 2 dW
dz = vx ivy
yy0
0 < 2 = ' = tan1 xx0
dW
dz = (vr iv )ei

vx = vr cos v sin vr = vx cos + vy sin

vy = vr sin + v cos v = vx sin + vy cos

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2.25 Advanced Fluid Mechanics

Fall 2013

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