UnitedNations A/RES/45/188

GeneralAssembly
Distr.GENERAL

21December1990

ORIGINAL:
ENGLISH

A/RES/45/188
71stplenarymeeting
21December1990

Entrepreneurship

TheGeneralAssembly,

RecallingitsresolutionS18/3of1May1990,theannextowhich
containstheDeclarationonInternationalEconomicCooperation,inparticular
theRevitalizationofEconomicGrowthandDevelopmentoftheDeveloping
Countries,bearinginmindtheInternationalDevelopmentStrategyforthe
FourthUnitedNationsDevelopmentDecade,andtakingnoteoftheProgrammeof
ActionfortheLeastDevelopedCountriesforthe1990s,adoptedbytheSecond
UnitedNationsConferenceontheLeastDevelopedCountries,

Recallingalsoitsresolution41/182of8December1986andEconomicand
SocialCouncilresolution1988/74of29July1988,andtakingnoteofthe
reportoftheSecretaryGeneralonnationalentrepreneursineconomic
development,

Recognizingthatthereisnouniversalprescriptionforsuccessful
development,thateachcountryisresponsibleforitsowneconomicpoliciesin
accordancewithitsspecificsituationandconditionsandthatthepromotion
ofgrowthanddevelopmentdependsonappropriatedomesticeconomicpolicies
thattakeintoaccountspecificnationalcircumstancesandrequirements,

Acknowledgingtheimportanceofeffective,efficientandaccountable
governanceinallcountriesforsettingandimplementingnationalgoalsinthe
economicandsocialspheres,

Acknowledgingalsotheneedforaneffectiveandefficientpublicsector
in,interalia,establishingorimprovingconditionsfavourabletoprivate
initiative,includingsoundinfrastructure,appropriatepoliciesforthe
developmentofhumanresources,includingtheexpertiseandcapabilitiesof
thebusinesscommunity,basichealthcareandtheprotectionofvulnerable
groupswithinsociety,whereappropriate,withthesupportofthe
internationalcommunity,

Recognizingtheresponsibilityoftheinternationalcommunity,in
particularthedevelopedcountries,topromoteandendeavourtoprovidean
equitableandopeninternationaleconomicenvironmentsupportiveofthe
developmentofdevelopingcountries,

Reaffirmingthatflexibility,creativity,innovation,politicaland
economicopenness,respectforhumanrightsandmarketorientedapproaches,
interalia,provideopportunitiestopeopletoenablethemtodeveloptheir
potentialinrespondingtochange,

Acknowledgingtheimportantroleofentrepreneurship,notablyinsmall
andmediumsizedenterprises,inmobilizingresourcesandinpromoting
economicgrowthandsocioeconomicdevelopment,

Callingforinternationalsupportforspecificprogrammesforprivate
enterprisedevelopmentintheleastdevelopedcountries,whichshouldaddress,
interalia,thepromotionofdomesticandforeigndirectinvestment,
managementtraining,promotionofsmallscaleventuresandmicroenterprises
andthedevelopmentofentrepreneurialskills,inaccordancewithrelevant
provisionsoftheProgrammeofActionfortheLeastDevelopedCountriesfor
the1990s,

Cognizantoftheimportanceofentrepreneurshipinthegrowthand
developmentofcountriesespeciallythoseseekingtodeveloporrevitalize
theireconomiesthroughfreeenterprise,decentralizeddecisionmaking,
deregulation,demonopolizationofeconomicactivities,simplificationof
administrativeprocedures,marketopportunities,structuraladjustmentand
marketorientedreformandoftheneedtoprovidetheincentives,accessto
informationandnewtechnologyandenvironmentnecessarytoenablethespirit
ofentrepreneurshipandcompetitiontoprosper,

Notingthathigherdomesticsavingsandinflowsofcapital,includingnew
investmentandthereturnofflightcapital,depend,interalia,uponsound
microandmacroeconomicpoliciessupportiveofenterpreneurship,

Recognizingthatpublicenterprises,inappropriateconditions,canhelp
promoteandcanengageinthedevelopmentofentrepreneurship,

WelcomingthecontributionwhichtheUnitedNationssystemmakesin
helpingMemberStatespromoteentrepreneurship,includingforeigndirect
investment,andencouragingtheactiveparticipationofprivateenterprise,
whereappropriate,

1.Encouragesthedevelopmentofentrepreneurshipinallcountries,
includingthoseseekingtodeveloporrevitalizetheireconomiesthroughfree
enterpriseandmarketopportunities,andurgestheinternationalcommunity,in
particulartheinternationalfinancialinstitutionsandtheUnitedNations
system,tosupporttheirefforts,asappropriate;

2.Agreesthatentrepreneurship,especiallyinthecontextofafair,
competitiveeconomy,supportivegovernmentpoliciesandanequitableandopen
internationaleconomicenvironment,contributestoamoreefficientworld
economyandenhancestheinternationalizationoftradingmarketsandfinancial
flowstothebenefitofall;

3.EncouragesMemberStates,inaccordancewiththeirnationalpolicy
objectives,toenhancetheirinstitutional,legalandregulatoryframeworksto
ensuregreaterconsistencywithmarketapproaches,tomaketheircapitaland
creditmarketsmoreefficient,tofostertheexpertiseandcapabilitiesofthe
businesscommunityandtoprovide,interalia,forsoundprivatesector
developmentanditspositivebenefitsforemploymentopportunitiesand
nationalwealth;

4.CallsuponMemberStatestofacilitate,consistentwiththeir
nationallaws,thedevelopmentofcooperationbetweendomesticandforeign
enterprises,particularlythroughcontracting,businesscooperationandjoint
ventures,which,interalia,willfacilitatemarketaccessandthetransferof
technology;

5.Looksforwardtotheoutcomeoffurtherdeliberationsofthe
DevelopmentCommitteeoftheWorldBankandtheInternationalMonetaryFund,
theInterimCommitteeoftheInternationalMonetaryFundandtheregional
developmentbanksontheissueofstrengtheningmeasuresacrosstheentire
rangeofoperationsoftheWorldBankGrouptopromoteentrepreneurship,
includingthemobilizationofdomesticandforeignprivatecapital;

6.RequeststheSecretaryGeneraltoincorporateinsubsequentissues
oftheWorldEconomicSurveyachapterregardingtheroleofentrepreneurship
asakeyelementofgrowthanddevelopmentandonmeasuresbeingtakenatthe
nationalandinternationallevelstopromoteentrepreneurship,especiallyin
countriesseekingtodeveloporrevitalizetheireconomiesthroughfree
enterprise,decentralizeddecisionmaking,marketopportunities,structural
adjustmentandmarketorientedreform,aswellassuggestionsonhowthe
internationaleconomiccommunitycansupportthedevelopmentof
entrepreneurshipinnationaleconomies;

7.RequeststheDirectorGeneralforDevelopmentandInternational
EconomicCooperationtoincludeinhisannualreportonoperational
activitiesfordevelopment,submittedtotheGeneralAssemblythroughthe
EconomicandSocialCouncil,asectionontheactivitiesbeingundertakenby
theUnitedNationssystemtopromoteentrepreneurshipineconomicdevelopment,
notablyinsmallandmediumsizedenterprises,aswellasproposalsfor
enhancingtheroleofentrepreneurshipinthedevelopmentprocess,in
particularindevelopingcountries;

8.Decidestoincludeintheprovisionalagendaofitsfortysixth
sessionasubitementitled"Entrepreneurship"undertheagendaitementitled
"Developmentandinternationaleconomiccooperation"andtoincludethe
subiteminsubsequentagendasonabiennialbasis.