SWEP 2016 REPORT

NAME: Chukwuebuka paul

MATRIC NO: 15cj02875

PROGRAM: Computer engineering

GROUP D
 ABOUT THE STUDENTS WORK EXPERIENCE PROGRAMME

The Students Work Experience Programme (SWEP) is a programme

which involves the 200-level students of all programmes in engineering,
namely: Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Computer Engineering,
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication
Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Petroleum Engineering, and
also the 200-level students of Building Technology. It began in 2006 and
it is expected to last for duration of 6 weeks, during which the students
are practically exposed to the key aspects of engineering. SWEP was
designed not only to expose the students to skill acquisition but also to
inculcate in them the development of right team spirit as well as expose
them to rudimentary expectations for the world of work.

The 2017 Edition of the Students Work Experience Programme (SWEP)

began on the 22nd of May, 2016. It lasted for the duration of 8 weeks.
 MY EXPERIENCE
On the first day of the programme, we had our welcoming assembly
where we were told what SWEP was all about and also the rules and
regulations. The next day, we proceeded to the EIE Building to collect our
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) which are safety boots, hard hats,
safety goggles and gloves. The next day, work commenced.

During the 1st 8days, I visited the Chemical Engineering building.

Here, I learnt the basics of paint. Paint is a surface coating applied to an
object for a combination of two purposes which are: to protect and to
improve appearance (beautification). Paint, as formulated, contains three
(3) primary components and one (1)secondary component.
These are:

- Binder (Resin): This is the component present as a liquid in paint

which converts to a solid state after the film has been applied. As the
name implies, it binds the pigment particles together and to the surface
of application.

- Pigment: It is primarily used in paint to give colour and opacity

(coverage). Examples include: titanium dioxide, yellow oxide, red oxide,
etc.

- Solvent: This is a volatile material with which the binder and pigment
are mixed in order that the paint may be in correct viscosity, to be
applied to the surface. Examples include: White Spirit, Xylene, Toluene,
Kerosene, etc.

- Additives: These are the secondary component of paint. They are

introduced when a combination of the primary components doesnt give a
precise property required.

I was introduced to the quality of paint, paint application and paint

trouble shoot. The quality of paint is determined by the raw materials
involved, formulation and procedure, condition of production and
knowledge of the person producing it. The parameters of quality include:
viscosity, specific gravity, drying time, scrub and coverage. Paint can be
applied with a brush and a roller. Defects in paint include:

- Chalking,
- Shriveling/wrinkling,
- Mud cracking,
- Foaming,
- Lifting/working up,
- Rain spotting/blooming,
- Flaking and
- Runs/sags.

Paint are applied in films, the primer, the under coat and the finishing
coat. Each coat must be allowed to dry properly before recoating.

During the 2nd week, I visited the Mechanical Engineering Building.

The Mechanical department consists of four workshops namely, the
automobile workshop, the foundry workshop, the welding and fabrication
workshop and the machine shop. I visited the automobile workshop first.
While there, I learnt how to service a motor engine. To service a motor
engine; new engine oil, an oil filter, fuel filter, spark plugs and air filters
are required. The next day, I visited the foundry workshop. Foundry can
be defined as a process of producing metal objects called casting by
pouring molten metal into a hollow mould usually made of sand. The
departments under foundry include:

- Design room/shop,
- Pattern shop,
- Sand preparation,
- Moulding session,
- Scrap yard,
- Furnace and
- Machine shop.

Next, I visited the Welding and Fabrication workshop. Welding has to do

with joining metals by melting them. The types of welding include:

- Arc welding,
 - MIG welding,
- TIG welding,
- Spot welding,
- Oxy-acetylene welding.

Then the next point of call is the machine shop. I was shown the lathe
machine, bench grinding machine, the milling machine, the sharpening
machine, power hack saw, drilling machine, etc. The lathe machine
performs tasks like chamfering, step turning and defacing. As for the
coolant, a soluble is used. It turns milky when water is added and it
protects the machine and work piece from rust.

During the 3rd week, I visited the Civil engineering/Building

Technology Building. For the first two days, I worked in the Building
Tech Department. Here, I learnt about block production,
Interlocking/Paving Stone production and Painting. Blocks can either be
made manually or mechanically (both manual and automated). The
materials used are Fine aggregate (coal dust, sharp sand and soft sand),
water and cement. Ratios of block production include: 1:4, 1:3, 1:5, 1:6,
1:7 and 1:8. Batching is the process of identifying, measuring and
combining all required materials. It can be done either by volume or by
weighing. Interlocking stones are precast concrete used for external
landscaping.
Advantages of using interlocking stones are: They
- are easy to clean, leading to low cost of maintenance
- provide good finishing.
- allow water pass through it easily thereby reducing the risk of
flooding in area of application.

Paint is a thin layer of pigment (colour) either in powdered or liquid form.

Its functions are for beautification, preservation, protection, road
marking and decoration.
Types of paints include:
- Gloss paint,
- Oil paint,
- Water paint,
- Emulsion paint,
 - Hard gloss paint and
- Synthetic resin paint.

For surface preparation, sand paper or wire brush is used to remove

unwanted particles, followed by application by brush, roller or spray
machine.
For the last two days, I worked in the Civil Engineering Department.
Here, I learnt about concrete and mortar. Concrete is a composite
material consisting of fine sand, cement, aggregate (fine and coarse) and
water. It is used mostly for foundation in building. Measurement is done
with the use of head pans. There are 4 head pans in a wheelbarrow, 128
wheelbarrows and 512 head pans in a 5 tones tipper. Mortar is a
composite material comprising of fine aggregate, cement and water. It is
used in plastering.

During the 4th week, I visited the E.I.E. Building. On the first day, we
learnt about Safety. We talked about
- Home Safety
- Office Safety
- Road Safety
- Workshop Safety
- Lab Safety
- Industrial Safety
- Kitchen Safety
- Electrical Safety
- Bedroom Safety
- Classroom Safety
- Food Safety (NAFDAC)

I also learnt about Satellite Communication. The process of satellite

communication is as follows:

Ext Encoder Medium Decoder Text

The Colour bar shown on TV stations are made up of 8 colours, white,

yellow, cyan, green, magenta, red, blue and black. The Tracking process
makes use of tools like:
- Satellite Tracker (Analog or Digital)
- Compass
 - Protractor
- Hammer
- Adjustable Spanner.
Electrical Installation is a system of interconnected electrical components
from the main supply through the electrical cables/wires to the point of
utilization (load). A cable is a length of insulated conductor either solid or
stranded. A wire, on the other hand, is a length of bare conductor (has
no insulation). Forms of electrical installations include: Domestic,
Commercial and Industrial.
Types of wiring system include:
- Surface wiring system: Cables are laid directly on the wall and
these cables are held with either an aluminum clip or a rubber clip.
This type of wiring system is easy to install, it provides easy access
for repair and in terms of cost, it is relatively cheap. But in terms of
appearance, it is not neat especially when handled by unqualified
personnel.
- Trunking wiring system: Cables are laid inside a trunk pipe and
nailed to the wall. This type of wiring system is relatively neat and
it offers protection against external damage. But it is more
expensive than surface wiring and the cables are not visible.
- Conduit wiring system: Cables are laid in a conduit pipe and
either buried in the wall (concealed conduit) or placed on the wall
(surface conduit).
I also learnt about A Point of Light, Ring and Radial socket wiring, how to
prepare Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation (BEME) and
LED Modules.

During the 5th week, I visited the Petroleum Engineering Building.

There are four labs and disciplines in Petroleum engineering.
They are:
- Drilling mud engineering laboratory
- Reservoir and production engineering
- Core analysis laboratory
- Research lab (work station).
Equipment used in the drilling mud laboratory is the Four Scale Mud
balance. The Four Scale Mud balance is designed to measure density or
weight of a drilling fluid. It is a long graduated beam having a cup
attached to one end and a calibrator on the other end. The capacity of
the cup is 250mm.
Usage
- Clean and dry cup compartment
- Prepare the drilling fluid
- Fill cup to the brim with the fluid then cover with a lid
- Wipe excess with clean towel.
For measuring viscosity, Model 800 rotary viscometer and the Marsh
funnel are used. The Marsh funnel is used for routine measurement of
viscosity. It comprises of a funnel with an inbuilt mesh. It had a
graduated cup. It is designed in such a way that you can see the fluid
being measured. The capacity of the cup is 960mm.
To make Hair Cream, the following are needed:
- Petroleum jelly
- Paraffin Oil
- Lanolin
- Fragrance
- Colour
PROCEDURE
- Measure 10mm of Paraffin Oil into a clean, dry stainless basin.
- Add 50g of Petroleum Jelly.
- Stir with a wooden spatula.
- Weigh 20g of Lanolin into the mixture.
- Stir properly until mixture becomes homogenous.
- Turn on burner and heat gently until a clear colourless mixture is
observed. Add colour and stir.
- Withdraw the flame and add few drops of fragrance
- Pour into container before it solidifies.
- Allow to cool then package.
Antiseptic Soap: Soap was originally used in Babylon. It is derived from
a chemical process known as Saponification, which is a process by which
animal fat (oil) reacts with a base (NaOH) to give an alkanol and a salt.
The salt is the soap.

RCOOR + NaOH ROH + COO- Na+

Soap must have the capacity to remove dirt. Successful soap making is
as a result of better understanding of chemistry, experience and a wider
variety of ingredients to choose from. Today, soaps are milder and better
for skin as a result of vegetable and plant based oil. Chemically speaking,
soap is a salt.
Originally, animal oil was used for making soap because it was readily
available. Overtime, new oils were extracted from vegetables, grains and
nuts, providing a better alternative to animal oil.
Vegetable oil is chemically superior and can be of higher quality than
soaps made from animal fat. Vegetable oil are easily absorbed by the skin
while animal oil has been found to clog pores and aggravate certain skin
conditions such as eczema, etc.
Keys to successful soap making are:
- Accurately weigh your ingredients
- Have a good foundation
- Have a proper technique.
Processes in soap making
- Cold Process: This process is widely used by home-based soap
makers. The neutralization stage takes place during the moulding
stage.
- Semi-boiled Process: After the soap mixture, heat is added to
speed up the rate of neutralization before it is being moulded.
- Fully-boiled Process: All the ingredients are prepared in a large
container and heat is added, causing the neutralization until it is
being moulded. Large commercial manufacturers use this method
to achieve a by-product called glycerin.
Preservatives are added to substances to increase the shelf life of the
product. It is basically used to prevent decomposition. However, nature
has its own agenda and decay is inevitable if there are no preservatives.
PROCEDURE
- Measure 90ml of coconut oil and heat.
- Weigh 10g of Shea butter and add gradually to hot oil.
- Measure 50ml NaOH and add gradually to mixture while stirring
- Add 10g of moringa
- Add a pinch of colour
- Add 5ml of fragrance and stir.
 - Pour into a mould and allow to cool.
Retort provides a means of separating and measuring the volume of
water, oil and solid content in a sample of drilling mud. A known volume
of sample is heated to vaporize the liquid component which is then
determined by reading the oil and water phases on the graduated
measuring cylinder. The total volume of solid both suspended and
dissolved is obtained by noting the difference in the total sample versus
the final liquid volume collected. Calculations are done to determine the
volume of the suspended solid since any dissolved solids will be retained
in the retort.

I, personally benefited greatly from the Students Work Experience

Programme (SWEP), educationally, practically, socially and mentally. It
gave me a wider scope of what Engineering is all about, holistically. It
also created an avenue to relate with other engineering students and
share ideas. And the knowledge gotten will also help in my day to day life
especially on how to paint properly, how to service an engine and change
tyres, etc. It is a privilege to be part of this programme. I am really
grateful for the opportunity to be part of the programme. Knowledge is
power.