HomeWork #2 - Solutions

Sayan Samanta
PHYS 2020/ENGN 2010 - Mathematical Methods of Engineers and Physicist
September 24, 2016

Solution to 1

a.
a.i

LHS

X z 2s+1 s
= i (1)
s=0
(2s + 1)!

X z 2s+1
= i(i2 )s
s=0
(2s + 1)!

X z 2s+1
= (i2s+1 )
s=0
(2s + 1)!

X (iz)2s+1
=
s=0
(2s + 1)!
= RHS

LHS

X (iz)2s+1
= (1)s
s=0
(2s + 1)!

X i(i2 )s z 2s+1
= (1)s
s=0
(2s + 1)!

X iz 2s+1
= . . . (1)2s = 1
s=0
(2s + 1)!

X z 2s+1
= i
s=0
(2s + 1)!
= RHS

1
a.ii

LHS

X z 2s s
= (1)
s=0
(2s)!

X z 2s
= (i2 )s
s=0
(2s)!

X (iz)2s
=
s=0
(2s)!
= RHS

LHS

X (iz)2s
= (1)s
s=0
(2s)!

X (1)s z 2s
= (1)s . . . (1)2s = 1
s=0
(2s)!

X z 2s
=
s=0
(2s)!
= RHS

b
b.i

2 3 z2 z3
ez + ez (1 + z + z2! + z3! ) + (1 z + 2!
3!
)
=
2 2
cancelling the odd terms we get
z2 z4
=1+ +
2! 4!
2s
X z
=
s=0
(2s)!
= cosh z

b.ii

2s
X
s z
X z 2s+1
cos z + i sin z = (1) +i (1)s
0
(2s)! 0
(2s + 1)!
 2s 2s+1

s z s z
X
= (1) + i(1)
0
(2s)! (2s + 1)!

2
 expanding each term of the series we get
 2
z3

z
= (1 + iz) + i +
2! 3!
= eiz

cos z + i sin z = eiz

eiz + eiz
also based on the previous identities cos z =
2
eiz eiz
it can be said that sin z =
2i
We can thus say

(eiz1 eiz1 )(eiz2 + eiz2 ) (eiz2 eiz2 )(eiz1 + eiz1 )

sin z1 cos z2 + sin z2 cos z1 = +
4i 4i
z i(z 1 z2 ) i(z1 +z2 ) i(z 1 z2 ) z
ei(z1 +z2 )
i(z1 +z2 ) i(z 2)
 i(z1 +z2 ) 
e + e  1
 e   e +e +
e   ei(z
1 2)
=
4i
i(z1 +z2 ) i(z1 +z2 )
2(e e )
=
4i
ei(z1 +z2 ) ei(z1 +z2 )
=
2i
= sin(z1 + z2 ) . . . QED

Solution to 2
nx
Initial wave: ei(t c )
On replacing n with n ik the equation becomes

nxikx
ei(t c )

nx kx
= ei(t c ) e( c )

nx kx
= Aei(t c ) where A = e( c )

This physically tranlastes into an amplitude which is exponentially decreasing. Therefore a damping
factor gets introduced into the the initial wave.

3
 note. Only the real part is depicted.

Solution to 3

f (r, ei ) = R(r, )ei(r,)

according to the definition of a differential
df ei(r,) R + iRei(r,)
=
dz ei r + irei
now the differential has to be equal from any direction i.e. ifdR = 0 and d = 0
ei(r,) R Riei(r,) ei(r,) R iRei(r,)
+ = +
irei irei ei r ei r
iei(r,) R Rei(r,) ei(r,) R iRei(r,)
+ = +
rei rei ei r ei r
Comparing real and imaginary parts on both sides, we get
ei(r,) ei(r,)
 
R    R
i
= i
r e e
 r
R R
=
r r
and
i(r,)
ei(r,)
 
e
  
R R 
i
= i
re e
 r
1 R
= R
r r