Intro.

• Tajweed is one of the most prominent

sciences of Qur’an.
The Science of Tajweed
• It is the science governed by:
– deep - rooted static rules
– derived from the oral recitation of the Qur’an
by the Prophet Muhammad after hearing the
revelation from the angle Gabriel.

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Importance of Tajweed Description of Tajweed

• Preserves the meaning of the revealed • It is a saying or an act of reciting Qur'an in
accordance with the established rules of Nutq,
words of Allah in sound and expression pronunciation and intonations, such as tafkheem
(valorization), Ghunnah (chanting), and Iqlaab
• Protects it from any alteration (transposition).

• It deals with:
• Retains the unique method of recitation. – Accent
– Phonetics
– Rhythm

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Principles in the Science of • 2. Its founder:

Tajweed : – Practical point of view: The messenger of
Allah
• 1. Its definition.
– Scientific point of view: scholars of Qur’anic
– Linguistic definition: Betterment; Improvement.
sciences, such as Abu ‘Ubaid Al- Qasim bin
– Applied definition: Articulating every letter from its
Sallaam
articulation point and giving the letter its rights and
dues of characteristics.
• 3. Its precept.
– Rights of the letters:
– Knowledge: fardh kifayaah
• its required characteristics that never leave it
– Application: fardh ‘ain
– The dues of the letters:
• its presented characteristics that are present in it some of the
time, and not present at other times. i.e. the madd, idgham 5 6

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 • The knowledge of Tajweed is contingent
Why Tajweed? on four matters:
• No rules revealed? – Knowledge of the articulation points of the
letters
• The mixture between Arabs and non Arabs.
– Knowledge of the characteristics of the letters
• Preserving the Arabic Tongue!.
– Knowledge of what rules change in the letters
• Preserve the recitation of the Qur’an from
due to the order of letters
mistakes
– Exercising the tongue and a lot of repetition
• Guarantee the reader of the Qur’an integrity of
pronunciation
• Tajweed is an important element in reciting the
Quran with a nice and touchy way
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The Ethics of Reciting and

Manners for Reading the Qur’an Listening To the Qur’an
• The recitation should always start with
• Understanding of the origin of the words
This is an indication to the greatness of the words being ta’awwudh, i.e. saying ‘A’outho billahi
read, and the bounty of Allah; Glorified is He, to His
creation when He addressed His creation with these minash-shaitanirrajeem.’
words.

• The recitation from the beginning of

• Understanding the meaning.
This means interacting and reacting to every verse sura(s) should comments with basmallah,
according to what is proper for it. i.e. saying ‘Bismillahi ar-Rahmanirahim.’
• Individualization
This means that the reader feels that every message in
the Qur’an is meant especially for him personally. 9 10

Types of Mistakes (Lahn)

• The ornament of the Qur’anic recitation is a • Al Jali (The Obviuos)
good melodic, and Allah loves the recitation
with such a voice. The Qur’an should be – Letters
recited with a voice which helps the person to – Words
comprehend, surrender, and experience – Taskheel
humility.

• It should be recited in Arabic style by strictly • Al Khafi (The Hidden)

observing the rules of the science of Tajweed – Normal people would know
and by avoiding any playing around with the
– Specialist would know
duration of syllables.
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 Taskheel Tanween
• Fatha • Tanween Fath

• Tanween Dham
• Kasra
• Tanween Kasr

• Dhamma

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Other Important Tashkeel Mad

• Shadda • Mad Alif

– Examples:

• Sokon • Mad Waw

– Examples:

• Mad Yaa:
– Examples:
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The Sun and the Moon Letters The Sun and the Moon Letters
Applied for letters after “AL” Applied for letters after “AL”
• Sun Letters:
– Ta, Tha, Da, Dha , Ra, Za, Sa, • Moon Letters
Sha, Saa, Daa, Taa, Dhaa, La, – A, Ba, Ja, Haa, Kha, ‘A, Gha, Fa,
Na Qa, Ka, Ma, Wa, Ha, Ya

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 The‘ La ’Of the Name Allah
Ghunna (Chanting)
– The ‘la’ mushaddadah (stressed) of the name Allah, if • Nasal Voice of 2 beats
preceded by any letter carrying a short vowel – either
fatha or dhammah – should be recited with a broad • Comes from the nasal.
sound. The same rule applies to the ‘la’ of
‘Allahumma.’
• Used in many situations covered later.
• Also used whenever we have Mem or Non
with Shaddah.
– The letter‘ la ’of the name Allah should be recited with
a thin sound when preceded by any letter carrying the
short vowel kasrah.

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The Noun Sakina (Consonantal 1- Ithhar

‘Na’) and Tanween (Nunnation) (MANIFESTATION OF THE LETTER)

• Four Rules • The pronunciation of a consonantal ‘na’ or

tanween should be manifested if it is followed
–1
- Ithhar
by one of these six letters: A, Haa, Kha, A’,
–2
- Idgham Gha, Ha.
–3
- Ikhfa
–4
- Iqlab

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2- Idgham IQLAB
)MERGING OF THE LETTER( (ALTERATION OF THE LETTER)
• Perfect Idgham • Change to Mem
• Then conceal Mem with Baa
• With Some Ghunna

• Imperfect Idgham

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 IKHFA’A The Ma Sakina (Consonantal ‘Ma’)
(CONCEALING OF THE LETTER SOUND)
• It literally means concealment • 1
- Ikhfa Al Shafawi:
• It is a state between full Iz’har and full – Whenever a consonantal ‘ma’ is followed by another
merging word beginning with ‘ba’

• Here the actual sound consonantal ‘na’ or

tanween is concealed, but their lowered
nasal sound with a maximum duration of
two harakah (beats) is added to the • 2
- Idgham Shafawi:
pronunciation of the next letter of Ikhfa’a • ma’ should be merged with ghunnah with the
• All letters except ….. second ‘ma’.

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Qalqalah (Shaking)
• 3- Ithhar Shafawi • Whenever on of the letters
– it should be clearly pronounced. ‘Qa‘ ,’Taa‘ ,’Ba‘ ,’Ja’ and‘ Da’
– Special attention should be given to the ‘Fa’ carries the sign of sukoun
and ‘Wa’ (silence), the letter is shaken
or echoed .There are two
types of Qalqalah.

– Minor Qalqalah
– Major Qalqalah
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• Minor Qalqalah (Shortened Qalqalah); (Madd) Prolongation

letter of Qalqalah is in the middle of the
word. • Madd literally means vowel prolonging.
Technically it means an extension to the
duration of Harf al-Madd (letter of prolongation),
which are Alif, Ya and Wa, when:

• Major Qalqalah (Lengthy Qalqalah); – The Alif is Saakinah and the preceding constant
when the letter of Qalqalah is at the end carries fat’hah.
of the word. – The Ya is Saakinah and the preceding constant
carried kasrah.
– The Wa is Saakinah and the preceding constant
carried dhammah.

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Madd Aslee (Original Prolongation) Madd before Hamzah
• When u have a long vowel letter not • Detached Prolongation (Madd Monfasel)
FOLLOWED by: – The long vowel letter followed by a Hamza in the
SECOND word
– Hamza – It requires two words
– Letter with Sokon – 4-5 Beats

– Letter with Shaddah

• It is only 2 beats
• Normal Prolongation

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Madd before Hamzah Prolongation due to Sokon

• Attached Prolongation (Madd Mottasel) • When the long vowel letter is followed by a
– The long vowel letter followed by a Hamza in the Sokon.
SAME word – End of verse where
– It requires ONLY ONE word • If u are stopping on a word that has a long vowel at the end of
it.
– 4-5 Beats
• Number of beats:
– 2
– 4
– 6

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Prolongation due To Shaddah Alphabetical Madd

• When there is a shaddah sign over the • 29 Sura begin with one to five letters out of
letter following Madd, fourteen letters of the Arabic Alphabet
• 6 Beats (twenty-eight letters in total).
• Those letters should be pronounced
separately and in succession
• 3 Categories

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 First Category Second Category
• The letter Alif. This letter is pronounced as in • The letters Ha, Ya, Ra, Haa, and Taa. Each
the normal way (Alif) without Madd. letter is pronounced as a two
- e
l tter word ends in
a long vowel Alif
• 2 Beats

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Third Category
• The letters Ma, Ka, La, Sa, ‘A, Saa, Qa, and
Noon. Each letter is pronounced as two
consonants with a vowel in between.

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