Reference Calculation Output

Design of Standard DitchType 1 ( 0.3m H 0.6m)

Design of Walls

Dimensions
Height of wall,Hw = 600 mm
Thickness of wall, Tw = 125 mm

Design Moments & Shear Forces

Maximum ULS Bending Moment, BMuls = 3.27 kNm
Maximum SLS Dead Load Bending Moment , BMsls_d = 0.64 kN
Maximum SLS Live Load Bending Moment , BMsls_l = 1.34 kNm
BS 5400-4 Maximum ULS Shear Force, SFuls = 6.39 kNm
1990 Concrete Characteristic strength fcu = 25 N/mm2
Table 5,6 Reinforcement Characteristic strength fy = 460 N/mm2

BS 5400-4 There is no axial load on walls, therefore it is treated as cantilever slab &
1990 designed accordance with Clause 5.4
Cl 5.6.1 Consider 1000mm length section, b = 1000 mm
Assume, Cover = 45 mm
Bar dia meter = 10 mm
Effective Depth, d = 125 -10 /2 - 45
= 75 mm

Reinforcement Design for Ditch wall

BS 5400-4
= 2
1990 0.15x 25 x 1000 x 75
Equ. 2 = 21.09 kNm > 3.270
Hence section is Singly Reinforcement

Mu ,Maximum flexural capacity of a singly reinforced section

BS 5400-4
1990
Equ. 1
Equ.5 z, Lever arm

5.057
= 0.5 1 + 1
2
6
z = 0.5x 75 1+ 1 -5.057 x 3.270 x10^
25 x 1000 x 75 2

z = 72.7 mm
0.95d = 0.95 x 75
= 71.3 < 72.7
Therefore z = 71.3 mm

DESIGN OFFICE Designed

Checked
Job Code Page
13.....
 Reference Calculation Output

Required reinforcement area = 0.87
= 3.270 x 10^6
0.87 x 460 x 71.3
2
= 115 mm

BS 5400-4 Minimum reinforcement required = 0.15% bd

1990 = 0.15% x 1000 x 75
2
Cl 5.8.4.1 = 113 mm

BS 5400-4 Hence , = 115 mm

2

2
1990 Provide T 10 @ 150 , , = 524 mm T 10 @
Cl 5.8.9 To prevent shinkage & temperature cracking 150mm spacing is provided 150 mm

BS 5400-4 Secondary Reinforcement

1990 Minimum secondary reinforcement requirement,
Cl 5.8.4.2 = 0.12% bd
= 0.12% x 1000 x 75
2
BS 5400-4 = 90 mm
2
1990 Provide T 10 @ 150 , , = 524 mm T 10 @
Cl 5.8.9 To prevent shinkage & temperature cracking 150mm spacing is provided 150 mm

BS 5400-4 Check for Shear

1990 Maximum Shear Force = 6.390 kN
Cl 5.4.4 Maximum Shear Stress = F/A Max shear
= 6.390 x 10^3 stress
1000 x 75 = 0.085
2 2
= 0.085 N/mm < 4.75 N/mm N/mm2
< 0.75
2
Hence OK 18.75 N/mm

BS 5400-4 Depth factor, s = = (500/d)^(1/4)

1990 = 500 ^(1/4)
Table 9 75
= 1.61
0.27 100 1/3 1/3
=
BS 5400-4 Ultimate shear stress in concrete
1/3 1/3
1990 = 0.27 100 x 524 25
Table 8 1.25 1000 x 75.0
2
= 0.560 N/mm Alow shear
stress
Allowable Shear Stress = x s = 0.902
= 0.560 x 1.61 N/mm2
2
= 0.902 > 0.085 N/mm
Hence OK

DESIGN OFFICE Designed

Checked
Job Code Page
14.....
 Reference Calculation Output
BS 5400-4 Creack Width Calculation
1990
Cl 5.8.8.2 Design Crack width
Equation 24
Where,
a cr = Dis tan ce from the crack to the nearest bar
= Calculated strain at level where cracking is being considered
C nom= required nominal cover
h = Overall depth of the section
= Depth of the concrete in compression

BS 5400-4
1990
Equation 25
Where,

Mq = 1.340 kNm
Mg = 0.640 kNm
Cover for the reinforcemen = 45 mm
Bar Spacing = 150 mm
Bar diameter = 10 mm

2 2 1/2
a cr = 150 + 45 + 10/2 - 10 /2
2
= 85.1 mm

= 200 / ( 26 /2 )
= 15.38

DESIGN OFFICE Designed

Checked
Job Code Page
15.....
 Reference Calculation Output

2 + 2
=

x =- 15.38 x 524 +
0.5
15.38 x 524 2 + 2x 1000x 15.38 x 524 x 75
15.38 x 524
1000 15.38 x 524
x = 27.63 mm 15.38 x 524
z = d-x/3
= 75 - 27.63 /3
= 65.79 mm

Srevice Moment = Mq + Mg
= 1.340 + 0.640
= 1.980 kNm

Servivce Stress, =
Service
= 1.980 x 10^6 stress,
65.79 x 524 = 57.48
2 2
= 57.48 N/mm N/mm

Steel Stain = 57.48

200 x 103
= 0.00028739

( 125 - 27.63 ) x 57.48

( 1000 - 27.63 ) 200 x 103
= 2.8779E-05

= 2.8779E-05 -

3.8 x 1000 x 125 x( 125 - 27.63 ) x

0.000287388 x 524 x( 125 - 28 )

1- 1.340 x 103
3
0.640 x 10
BS 5400-4
1990 = 2.8779E-05 - -0.0034526
Equation 25 = 0.0035 >
= 2.8779E-05

DESIGN OFFICE Designed

Checked
Job Code Page
16.....
 Reference Calculation Output
BS 5400-4 Design Crack width
1990 =
Cl 5.8.8.2
Table 1
= 3x 85.1 x 2.87791E-05
1 +2( 85.1 - 45 )/( 125 - 27.63 )
= 0.004 mm > 0.25 mm
Hence, Crack width is OK

BS 5400-4 Stress Limitations

1990 For concrete
Cl 4.1.2 Compress stress ditribution due to Bending for the SLS
= Mser /Z
Section Modulus of section, Z = 1/6 x bd2
2
= 1/6 x 1000 x 75
3
= 937,500.00 mm

Service Stress of concrete = Mser /Z

6
= 1.980 x 10
937,500.00
2
= 2.11 N/mm

BS 5400-4 Service Stress limit of concrete = 0.50

1990 = 0.50 x 25
2 2
Table 2 = 12.50 N/mm > 2.11 N/mm
Hence OK

BS 5400-4 Compress stress ditribution due to axial load for the SLS
1990 Axial Load on member = 0 kN
Table 2 Therefore uniform compressive distribution, 0 < 0.38
Hence OK

For Reinforcements
Tensile stress ditribution for the SLS
2
Sevice tensile stress of concrete = 57.48 N/mm

BS 5400-4 Service Stress limit of reinforcment = 0.75

1990 = 0.75 x 460
2 2
Table 2 = 345 N/mm > 57.48 N/mm
Hence OK

DESIGN OFFICE Designed

Checked
Job Code Page
17.....
 Reference Calculation Output
Design of Base
Dimensions
Width of Base, BB = 600 mm
Thickness of Base, TB = 125 mm

Design Moments & Shear Forces

Maximum Sagging ULS Bending Moment, BMuls = 3.29 kNm
Maximum Hogging ULS Bending Moment, BMuls = 1.23 kNm
Maximum SLS Dead Load Bending Moment , BMsls_d = 0.67 kN
Maximum SLS Live Load Bending Moment , BMsls_l = 1.33 kNm
Maximum ULS Shear Force, SFuls = 8.91 kNm
2
Maximum Bearin Pressure at SLS = 9.98 kN/m
BS 5400-4 Concrete Characteristic strength fcu = 25 N/mm2
1990 Reinforcement Characteristic strength fy = 460 N/mm2
Table 5,6
For Hogging Moment
Consider 1000mm length section, b = 1000 mm
Assume, Cover = 45 mm
Bar dia meter = 10 mm
Effective Depth, d = 125 -10 /2 - 45
= 75 mm
2
Section Modulus of section, Z = 1/6 x bd
2
= 1/6 x 1000 x 75
3
= 937,500.00 mm
Flexural Tensile Stress = M/z
6
BS 5400-4 = 1.23 x10 / 937,500.00
1990 = 1.312 N/mm2
Table32 Permissible Flexural Tensile Stress = 3.6 > 1.31 Hence OK
Hence flexural tensile stress is within the permissible limit

For Sagging Moment

Reinforcement Design for Ditch wall

BS 5400-4
= 2
1990 0.15x 25 x 1000 x 75
Equ. 2 = 21.09 kNm > 3.29
Hence section is Singly Reinforcement

Mu ,Maximum flexural capacity of a singly reinforced section

BS 5400-4
1990
Equ. 1
Equ.5 z, Lever arm

5.057
= 0.5 1 + 1
2

DESIGN OFFICE Designed

Checked
Job Code Page
18.....
 Reference Calculation Output
6
z = 0.5x 75 1+ 1 -5.057 x 3.290 x10^
25 x 1000 x 75 2

z = 72.7 mm
0.95d = 0.95 x 75
= 71.3 < 72.7
Therefore z = 71.3 mm

Required reinforcement area = 0.87
= 3.290 x 10^6
0.87 x 460 x 71.3
2
= 115 mm

BS 5400-4 Minimum reinforcement required = 0.15% bd

1990 = 0.15% x 1000 x 75
2
Cl 5.8.4.1 = 113 mm
BS 5400-4 Hence , = 115 mm2
150 , , =
2
1990 Provide T 10 @ 524 mm T 10 @
Cl 5.8.9 To prevent shinkage & temperature cracking 150mm spacing is provided 150 mm

BS 5400-4 Secondary Reinforcement

1990 Minimum secondary reinforcement requirement,
Cl 5.8.4.2 = 0.12% bd
= 0.12% x 1000 x 75
2
BS 5400-4 = 90 mm
150 , , =
2
1990 Provide T 10 @ 524 mm T 10 @
Cl 5.8.9 To prevent shinkage & temperature cracking 150mm spacing is provided 150 mm

BS 5400-4 Check for Shear

1990 Maximum Shear Force = 8.910 kN
Cl 5.4.4 Maximum Shear Stress = F/A Max shear
= 8.910 x 10^3 stress
1000 x 75 = 0.119
2 2
= 0.119 N/mm < 4.75 N/mm N/mm2
< 0.75
2
Hence OK 18.75 N/mm

BS 5400-4 Depth factor, s = = (500/d)^(1/4)

1990 = 500 ^(1/4)
Table 9 75
= 1.61
0.27 100 1/3 1/3
=
BS 5400-4 Ultimate shear stress in concrete
1/3 1/3
1990 = 0.27 100 x 524 25
Table 8 1.25 1000 x 75.0
2
= 0.560 N/mm

DESIGN OFFICE Designed

Checked
Job Code Page
19.....
 Reference Calculation Output
Allowable Shear Stress = x s Alow shear
= 0.560 x 1.61 stress
2
= 0.902 > 0.119 N/mm = 0.902
Hence OK N/mm2
BS 5400-4 Creack Width Calculation
1990
Cl 5.8.8.2 Design Crack width
Equation 24
Where,
a cr = Dis tan ce from the crack to the nearest bar
= Calculated strain at level where cracking is being considered
C nom= required nominal cover
h = Overall depth of the section
= Depth of the concrete in compression

BS 5400-4
1990
Equation 25
Where,

Mq = 1.330 kNm
Mg = 0.670 kNm
Cover for the reinforcemen = 45 mm
Bar Spacing = 150 mm
Bar diameter = 10 mm

2 2 1/2
a cr = 150 + 45 + 10/2 - 10 /2
2
= 85.1 mm

DESIGN OFFICE Designed

Checked
Job Code Page
20.....
Reference Calculation Output

= 200 / ( 26 /2 )
= 15.38

2 + 2
=

x =- 15.38 x 524 +
15.38 x 524 2 + 2x 1000x 15.38 x 524 x 75 0.5
15.38 x 5241000 15.38 x 524
x = mm x 524
27.63 15.38 15.38 x 524
z = d-x/3
= 75 - 27.63 /3
= 65.79 mm

Srevice Moment = Mq + Mg
= 1.330 + 0.670
= 2.000 kNm

Servivce Stress, =
Service
= 2.000 x 10^6 stress,
65.79 x 524 = 58.06
2
= 58.06 N/mm N/mm2

Steel Stain = 58.06

200 x 103
= 0.00029029

( 125 - 27.63 ) x 58.06

3
( 1000 - 27.63 ) 200 x 10
= 2.907E-05

= 2.907E-05 -

3.8 x 1000 x 125 x( 125 - 27.63 ) x

0.000290291 x 524 x( 125 - 28 )

1- 1.330 x 103
0.670 x 103

DESIGN OFFICE Designed

Checked
Job Code Page
21.....
 Reference Calculation Output
BS 5400-4
1990 = 2.907E-05 - -0.0030784
Equation 25 = 0.0031 >
= 2.907E-05
BS 5400-4 Design Crack width
1990 =
Cl 5.8.8.2
Table 1
= 3x 85.1 x 2.90698E-05
1 +2( 85.1 - 45 )/( 125 - 27.63 )
= 0.004 mm > 0.25 mm
Hence, Crack width is OK

Bearing Pressure
2
Bearing Pressure under the base = 10.0 kN/m
2
Asummed bearin pressure = 100 kN/m > 10.0 kN/m2
Hence, Bearing pressure is OK
BS 5400-4 Stress Limitations
1990 For concrete
Cl 4.1.2 Compress stress ditribution due to Bending for the SLS
= Mser /Z
Section Modulus of section, Z = 1/6 x bd2
2
= 1/6 x 1000 x 75
3
= 937,500.00 mm

Service Stress of concrete = Mser /Z

6
= 2.000 x 10
937,500.00
2
= 2.13 N/mm

BS 5400-4 Service Stress limit of concrete = 0.50

1990 = 0.50 x 25
2 2
Table 2 = 12.50 N/mm > 2.13 N/mm
Hence OK
BS 5400-4 Compress stress ditribution due to axial load for the SLS
1990 Axial Load on member = 0 kN
Table 2 Therefore uniform compressive distribution, 0 < 0.38
Hence OK

For Reinforcements
Tensile stress ditribution for the SLS
2
Sevice tensile stress of concrete = 58.06 N/mm

BS 5400-4 Service Stress limit of reinforcment = 0.75

1990 = 0.75 x 460
2 2
Table 2 = 345 N/mm > 58.06 N/mm
Hence OK

DESIGN OFFICE Designed

Checked
Job Code Page
50
75 22.....