International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

STRESS ANALYSIS ON CHAIR FRAME

Mr.D.G.Gawande1, Dr.R.E.Thombre2
1Student,
IV Semester M.Tech (CAD/CAM),
2Associate
Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department,
1,2 Rajiv Gandhi College of Engg. Research & Technology, Chandrapur 442 403 (Maharashtra) (India)

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ABSTRACT: The present paper deals with the stress 2. OVERVIEW
analysis of a chair frame by using Finite Element Method.
The study is constrained to only metal frame and is carried The frame structure of chair is shown in figure 1. The frames
out in Ansys workbench. of metal pipe of various inside and outside diameter are
considered for the analysis. The chair model is subjected
The loads are acting on the various members of the chair various loads under different condition. The aim of paper is
frame. The average distribution of mass on the chair frame to find the stress generated in chair frame and modify the
member is calculated. FEM analysis is done for the same load design as per requirement.
applied on the chair frame.

The results show that maximum stress generated at the

support. The maximum tensile stress generated below the
ultimate tensile stress of selected material (Mild Steel). Also
the deformation of chair frame is calculated by using FEM
analysis.

Keywords: Chair frame, Stress analysis, Total

deformation, FEM.

1. INTRODUCTION
Fig.1: Orthographic views of chair
Development of a new product in contemporary production
is very expensive economic activity. The process of furniture 3. PROPOSED METHOD
construction in shortage of exact data which refers to the
measurements of certain parts. Sometime measurement is FEM is used to analyze the model and to determine the
done on the own experience and engineering practice. maximum stress generated area on the frame. FEM is the
best numerical tool to solve the proposed problem.
It is not effective to carry out destructive test for testing of
chair model to validate the design. The introduction of FEM 4. MODELING
made easy to test the furniture under various condition for
its validation. In the past four decades the finite elements The structural model of chair frame is created by using the
method has become the main method of numerical analysis 3D cad modeling software. The software used for designing
with the application in solving boundary problems in is creo parametric 2.0. The chair model is shown below
mathematical physics and particularly continuum
mechanics, whereas it still has not been applied in furniture
industry to the fullest degree. Studies in this field
undoubtedly contributed to the introduction of the finite
element method into furniture industry.

The chair is the widely used product in day to day life. The
improvement in design and manufacturing method is the
main aim of this paper. This paper investigates the stress
generated on the chair component and how to minimize the
stress.

Fig.2: Chair model

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

4.1. MATERIAL The analysis is carried out for number of models.

The result of the analysis is shown below in tabular form. It
The properties of material used to manufacture are observed from the result that, the stress increases with
Material Used = Mild Steel increase in load applied.Also comparison of various chair
Density = 7850 kg/m3 models is shown in the result.
Tensile Strength = 250 MPa
Ultimate Tensile Strength = 460MPa 6. DISCUSSION
Isometric Thermal Conductivity = 60.5 W/mK
Specific Heat = 434 J/Kg K The result for OD=23 mm and ID=22 mm is given in table 1.
Isotropic Resistivity = 1.7 It is observed that the maximum stress, maximum strain and
ohm-m total deformation increases with increase in load applied.
Similarly, results obtained for varying thickness and varying
5. ANALYSIS RESULT diameter ranges.

The analysis is carried out for various models by keeping the Following graph shows Load applied (N) on abscissa and
inner diameter of frame constant, by varying the thickness, Von-Misses Stresses (MPa) according to the load on ordinate.
by varying diameters. The result of the analysis shown
below:
Load vs Stress
5.1. EFFECT OF STRESS ON CHAIR WHEN OD= 23 MM
Von-mises Stresses (Mpa)

AND ID= 22 MM 3000 OD=23

OD=24
2000
OD=25
1000 OD=25
0 OD=28
800 N 900 N 1000 N 1100 N 1200 N OD=28
Load (N)
Fig.4: Load (N) VS Von -Misses stress (MPa)

The above fig. shows the stresses generated in all designed

model according to gradual loading. The graph shows that, as
the load increases on the chair frame stress increases. For
Load of 800N,and Inner diameter of 22mm and Outer
diameter of 23mm (for 0.5mm thickness) the stress
observed to be 1734.3MPa as compared to Load of 1200N,it
is 2347.9MPa as Load increases from 800Nto 1200N,
Stresses Increases by 613.6MPa. It means for Load increase
of 400N stresses increases by 35.38%
Fig.3: Von- Misses stress for OD=23mm and ID=22mm
For Load of 800N,and Inner diameter of 23mm and
The chair model is tested for various loads. The Outer diameter of 25mmfor (1mm thickness) the stress
stress and deformation of chair is reveals the values shown observed to be 1001.7MPa as compared to Load of 1200N,it
in the table and chart given below is 1355.1MPa as Load increases from 800N to 1200N,
Stresses Increases by 353.4MPa. It means for Load increase
Table 1: Result of Chair having OD=23mm and ID=22mm of 400N stresses increases by 35.28%
LOAD STRESS STRAIN DEFORMATION
(MPa) (m/m) (m) The above graph also shows that for same load 800N stress
at Outer Diameter=23mm is less as compared to Outer
800 N 1734.3 0.013167 0.1762
Diameter= 28mm, so it is clear that as Diameter increases for
900 N 1993.5 0.015136 0.19928 same load stress are also decreases.
1000 N 2252.7 0.017104 0.22495

1100 N 2511.9 0.019073 0.25061

1200 N 2771.1 0.021041 0.27627

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Load vs Total deformation Stress vs Load

0.3 OD=23/
1500
Total deformation

ID=22

Von-Misses Stress
OD=24/ID
=23 1000 OD=2
0.2

(MPa)
OD=25/ID
=23 500 OD=2
OD=25/ID
=24
0.1 0
OD=28/ID 800 N 900 N 1000 N 1100 N 1200 N
=26
OD=28/ID Load(N)
0 Fig.7:
=27
Von-Mises Stress VS load for 1mm thick pipe frame
800 N 900 N 1000 N 1100 N 1200 N
Fig.5: load (N) VS Total Deformation
Load (M) Above chart shows the comparison between Von-
Misses stresses VS Load for 1mm thick pipe frame. It shows
The above fig. shows the relation between load and that as the load increases, stress increases. Also as the
deformation of chair. As the load increases on the chair, dimensions increases on higher side stress decreases.
deformation of chair increases. Lesser the load, less
deformation & larger load get larger deformation. As the For Load of 800N, and Inner diameter of 27mm and
design parameter changes the deformation also changes. Outer diameter of 28mmfor (1mm thickness) the stresses
observed to be 938.1(MPa) as compared to Load of 1200N, it
For Load of 800N,and Inner diameter of 23mm and is 1270(MPa) as Load increases from 800N to 1200N,
Outer diameter of 22mmfor (0.5mm thickness) the stresses Increases by 332(MPa). It means for Load increase
deformation observed to be 0.17362(M) as compared to of 400N stresses increases by 35.39%
Load of 1200N,it is 0.23749(M) as Load increases from
800Nto 1200N, deformation Increases by 0.06387(M). It
means for Load increase of 400N stresses increases by
Stress vs OD
Von-Misses Stress

36.78%
3000
(MPa)

Stress vs load 2500 1200

3000 2000
MissesStress(MPa)

OD=23 OD=23 OD=24 OD=25 OD=28

2000
OD=24 Outer Diameter (mm)
Von-

1000 Fig.8: Stress VS OD for 0.5mm thick pipe frame at 1200N

OD=25

0 OD=28 For Load of 1200N,and Inner diameter of 23mm and

Outer diameter of 22mmfor (0.5mm thickness) the stress
800 N 900 N 1000 N1100 N1200 N
observed to be 2347.9MPa as compared to Load of 1200N,
Fig.6: Stress VS Load for 0.5mm
Load(N)thick frame ,and Inner diameter of 28mm and Outer diameter of
27mmfor (0.5mm thickness) it is 2643MPa as Load constant
Above fig.6 shows comparison between stresses vs.
1200N, Stresses Increases by 295.1MPa. It means stresses
load (for 0.5 mm thick pipe frame). It is seen that as the load
increases by 35.28%
increases stress increased proportionally. Also as the
dimension increases stress induced deceases.

For Load of 800N,and Inner diameter of 27mm and Strain vs Load

Outer diameter of 28mmfor (0.5mm thickness) the stresses 0.02
observed to be 1581as compared to Load of 1200N,it is 0.015 OD=23
Strain

2143.5as Load increases from 800Nto 1200N, stresses

0.01
Increases by 562.5. It means for Load increase of 400N OD=24
stresses increases by 35.57% 0.005
0 OD=25
800 N900 N 1000 1100 1200 OD=28
N N N
Fig.9: Strain VS Load for 1mm
Load thick pipe frame

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Above fig.9 shows comparison between strains vs. THEORETICAL CALCULATION

load for 0.5 mm thick pipe frame. It is seen that as the load
increases, strain increased proportionally. Also as the The Validate the results obtained by ANSIS 14.0,
dimension increases, strain induced deceases. Theoretical calculation is done. The procedure adopted is
given as below.
For Load of 800N,and Inner diameter of 27mm and ANALYTICAL DESIGN OF CHAIR
Outer diameter of 28mmfor (0.5mm thickness) the strain
observed to be 0.009943as compared to Load of 1200N,it is
0.013443as Load increases from 800Nto 1200N, Strain
Increases by 0.0035. It means for Load increase of 400N
strain increases by 35.20%.

Strain vs Load
0.01
OD=25
Strain

0.005
OD=28
0 Fig.12: Design of Chair
800 N 900 N 1000 N 1100 N 1200 N
Where,
Load (N) F1 = 800N
Fig. 10: Strain VS Load for 1mm thick pipe frame F2 =- 150 N
F3 = 50 N
Above fig.10: shows comparison between strains vs.
load for 1 mm thick pipe chair frame. It is seen that as the The outer diameter of chair is 23 mm and thickness of chair
load increases, strain increased proportionally. Also the is 0.5 mm. The designed chair should be validating by
dimension increases strain induced deceases. comparing the bending stress generated with standard
bending stress.
For Load of 800N,and Inner diameter of 25mm and
Outer diameter of 23mmfor (1mm thickness) the strain Reaction at A
observed to be 0.0069838 as compared to Load of 1200N,it
is 0.0093732 as Load increases from 800Nto 1200N, Strain (-150 x 430) + (50 x 400) + (800 x 480) = 339500 N-mm
Increases by 0.0023894. It means for Load increase of 400N 339500 = RA x 480
strain increases by 34.21% RA = 339500/480 = 707.291 N
MB = 707.291 x 410
= 289989.31 N-mm
Strain vs Load Now,
Z = /32 [233 223]
0.01 = 149.12 mm3
b =
Strain

0.005 = 820 N/mm2

SAE 1095
800N
0 Sut = 840 N/mm2
OD=25 OD=28 Hence,
b < Sut
Outerr Diameter (mm)
Therefore, the design is safe are selected material of chair
Fig. 11: Strain VS OD for 2mm thick pipe frame at 800N
(M.S) Mild Steel standard value of mild Steel is SAE 1095
Sut = 840 N/mm2 (from Data Book).
Above Fig.11: shows the comparison between
strains vs. outer diameter of 1mm thick pipe frame at a load
of 800N. It shows, for constant load as the diameter CONCLUSION
increases, the strain induced in the tube decreases.
The stress analysis of the steel frame chair was studied
using ANSIS 14.0 and results are discussed in below. From
the results is obtained it is conclude that

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Comparison between Von-Misses stress VS load for

0.5 mm thick pipe frames shows that as the load
increases stress increased proportionally. Also as
the dimension increases the stress induced
deceases.
Comparison between strains vs. load for 0.5 mm
thick pipe frame shows that as the load increases,
strain increased proportionally. Also as the
dimension increases the strain induced deceases.
Comparison between deformation VS load for 0.5
mm thick frame shows that as the load increases
deformation increased proportionally. Also as the
dimension increases the deformation take place
deceases.
4. The design is safe for selected material of chair made
by Mild Steel, their property SAE 1095 Sut = 840
N/mm2 (from Data Book) the above analytical
results obtain theoretically, it is observed that the
theoretical result are well in agree-met with the
result obtain from FE

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