strawman

You misrepresented someone's argument to make it easier to attack.

By exaggerating, misrepresenting, or just completely fabricating someone's argument, it's much easier to present your
own position as being reasonable, but this kind of dishonesty serves to undermine honest rational debate.

Example: After Will said that we should put more money into health and education, Warren responded by saying that he
was surprised that Will hates our country so much that he wants to leave it defenceless by cutting military spending

false cause
You presumed that a real or perceived relationship between things means that one is the cause of the
other.

Many people confuse correlation (things happening together or in sequence) for causation (that one thing actually
causes the other to happen). Sometimes correlation is coincidental, or it may be attributable to a common cause.

Example: Pointing to a fancy chart, Roger shows how temperatures have been rising over the past few centuries, whilst
at the same time the numbers of pirates have been decreasing; thus pirates cool the world and global warming is a
hoax.

appeal to emotion
You attempted to manipulate an emotional response in place of a valid or compelling argument.

Appeals to emotion include appeals to fear, envy, hatred, pity, pride, and more. It's important to note that sometimes a
logically coherent argument may inspire emotion or have an emotional aspect, but the problem and fallacy occurs when
emotion is used instead of a logical argument, or to obscure the fact that no compelling rational reason exists for one's
position. Everyone, bar sociopaths, is affected by emotion, and so appeals to emotion are a very common and effective
argument tactic, but they're ultimately flawed, dishonest, and tend to make one's opponents justifiably emotional.

Example: Luke didn't want to eat his sheep's brains with chopped liver and brussel sprouts, but his father told him to
think about the poor, starving children in a third world country who weren't fortunate enough to have any food at all.

the fallacy fallacy

It is entirely possible to make a claim that is false yet argue with logical coherency for that claim, just as it is possible to
make a claim that is true and justify it with various fallacies and poor arguments.

Example: Recognising that Amanda had committed a fallacy in arguing that we should eat healthy food because a
nutritionist said it was popular, Alyse said we should therefore eat bacon double cheeseburgers every day.
 slippery slope
You said that if we allow A to happen, then Z will eventually happen too, therefore A should not
happen.

The problem with this reasoning is that it avoids engaging with the issue at hand, and instead shifts attention to extreme
hypotheticals. Because no proof is presented to show that such extreme hypotheticals will in fact occur, this fallacy has
the form of an appeal to emotion fallacy by leveraging fear. In effect the argument at hand is unfairly tainted by
unsubstantiated conjecture.

Example: Colin Closet asserts that if we allow same-sex couples to marry, then the next thing we know we'll be allowing
people to marry their parents, their cars and even monkeys.

ad hominem
You attacked your opponent's character or personal traits in an attempt to undermine their argument.

Ad hominem attacks can take the form of overtly attacking somebody, or more subtly casting doubt on their character or
personal attributes as a way to discredit their argument. The result of an ad hom attack can be to undermine someone's
case without actually having to engage with it.

Example: After Sally presents an eloquent and compelling case for a more equitable taxation system, Sam asks the
audience whether we should believe anything from a woman who isn't married, was once arrested, and smells a bit
weird.

tu quoque
You avoided having to engage with criticism by turning it back on the accuser - you answered
criticism with criticism.

Pronounced too-kwo-kwee. Literally translating as 'you too' this fallacy is also known as the appeal to hypocrisy. It is
commonly employed as an effective red herring because it takes the heat off someone having to defend their argument,
and instead shifts the focus back on to the person making the criticism.

Example: Nicole identified that Hannah had committed a logical fallacy, but instead of addressing the substance of her
claim, Hannah accused Nicole of committing a fallacy earlier on in the conversation.

personal incredulity
Because you found something difficult to understand, or are unaware of how it works, you made out
like it's probably not true.

Complex subjects like biological evolution through natural selection require some amount of understanding before one is
able to make an informed judgement about the subject at hand; this fallacy is usually used in place of
that understanding.

Example: Kirk drew a picture of a fish and a human and with effusive disdain asked Richard if he really thought we were
stupid enough to believe that a fish somehow turned into a human through just, like, random things happening over
time.