INTERFACE 2010: EXPLORING CAREER OPPORTUNITIES

What is Education?

Education is Knowledge or Skill Obtained or Developed by the learning process. Mostly

development of Knowledge is Education. Education is learning the Skill to Survive.

Why we need Education?

The purpose of education is, it develops to understand the circumstances, builds

brainpower to improve systems to raise, increases the living standard, and it improve the
society and culture.  Most important concern in our modern social life is how to earn and
live comfortable and safe life, so education is an important one in the life.

Education and Economy

The next thing is Economy. Education plays an important role in Economy. Education is
mainly to improve the Financial and the Economic status of a person. The countries
economy is mainly depend on the education. If a country provides better education
automatically that country economic status improves. Because of Education only some
countries are rich and some countries are still poor because of bad education.

Global Literacy rate

India@50-
69%
[email protected]%
 Why Education System is important?

 Education is a basic human right, and is key to a life with dignity.

 Quality, relevant education contributes to economic growth, peace, stability and good
governance.
 Education and technology goes hand in hand

Current Scenario in India

• World’ well known higher education institutions

• Challenge of maintaining quality of education in primary and secondary schools,
vocational studies, distance education
• New emerging professions (like BPOs, clinical research, aviation, travel, tourism
etc.)
• Rough estimate of approx 8.8 lakhs elementary schools
• 3-4 lakhs upper primary schools
• 1.46 lakhs secondary and senior secondary schools
• Around 7.7 lakhs ISO 9000 certified schools and 1.1 lakhs
ISO 14000 certified schools all over the world
• Hubs of excellence but no synergy

Indian Education System

The Indian Education System is broadly classified into its primary, secondary and higher
studies.

 The K-12 School System

The Indian education system is based upon 12 years of schooling (10+2), which includes
primary and secondary education. Secondary schools are affiliated with central or state
boards. These boards specify the curriculum and conduct examinations at the end of X
and XII grades. Many of the private schools as well as many of the good government
schools are affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE).The
primary education follow the K-12 pattern. The K-12 schools are divided into three
categories – primary (I-V), upper primary (VI-VII), and high (IX-XII).

 Higher Education System

Higher education is provided by colleges. Colleges are affiliated to universities.
Universities are of three kinds – universities (unitary and affiliated, state and central),
deemed universities, and institutes of national importance (IIT’S / IIM’S).

The diagram below summarizes the Indian Education System:

Education– A Way Towards Growth And Development

 In the past century, India progressed from a stage where the application of science to
manufacturing techniques or to agricultural practices became the basis for production.
This demands a highly skilled labour force. During last quarter of 20th century, three
technologies emerged, which have changed production, transportation and life style of
the people profoundly. These are:
 Information Technology
 Communication
 Biotechnologies

The convergence of increased computing power, reduced communication costs among

people, institutions and countries, which has significantly increased the speed of
production and distribution. It is also seen that knowledge produced by Research and
Development, (R & D) inventions created in universities and industrial laboratories are
creating the so called knowledge industries.

Education has been found a major source of productivity growth, and because education
increases productive human capital, it contributes to overall increase in economic growth.
In a knowledge economy, higher education benefits more than just those who attend.
Knowledge economy relies
heavily on a Direct 14992 well trained
workforce comprising
knowledge State : 10400 workers that
can not only apply
Outside State : 4592
knowledge but are also capable
of analysis and Indirect 35745 decision making
based on information.
State : 27838
Employmen Outside State : 7909 t generation
scenario of Orissa
Tax paid INR

State 452.50

Central 1028.53
Overview

Orissa acquired the status of a separate State on April 1, 1936. Oriyas were believed to be
tradition-bound and were quite apathetic to receive the liberal education introduced
during the British Rule. However, in pro-independence days, like other states, it also
participated in the race and witnessed a massive quantitative expansion in its education
system to get a separate position in the education movement of India. This is now being
enhanced by the Government of India with due attention towards the primary and
secondary education. The importance of higher education and professional courses are
well understood in the today’s scenario by the students, parents and as a whole by the
society, which is reflected in their performance and interests.

Orissa was one of the last Indian territories to come under the British rule and therefore
was exposed much later to the liberal education introduced by them. At the same time,
Orissa has always made concerted efforts to provide quality education to all. Prospects of
a brighter future are evidently in the offing in view of certain major initiatives of the
Government of Orissa and the Government of India. The below mentioned numerical
data of various institutes in the state throws some light about the recent educational
status.

Few years back……………..

The people of Orissa have faced a number of problems since and continue to do so. The
problems include lack of quality education in primary stage, poverty, unemployment, the
politicisation and criminalisation of society, corruption and law and order problems.
The present educational system is a failure in Orissa. The pressure of the educational
system is taking a toll on students. The exam oriented system judges the student on the
basis of his performance in the annual examination held at the end of every session.
Getting the child admitted in a good school is a Herculean task for the parents. As people
are the citizens of the country, the government should shoulder the responsibility of
providing an immaculate environment to the people. Industrialisation in Orissa was
carried out by the private sector. Hence the progress of industrialisation was very slow.
The primary occupation of the masses was agriculture, which yielded low per capita
income. The increasing population is a matter of grave concern. The rate of economic
growth has been unable to keep pace with the increasing population. Increase in
population has meant an increase in unemployment.

The masses are illiterate and hence they were unaware of their rights and privileges. Due
to low standard of living, the population of the state suffers from malnutrition, high infant
mortality.
Another problem is the acute shortage of housing facilities in every district. The people
were forced to live in bellow poverty line. There are 5.5 million families in the Below
Poverty Line (BPL) list. The economic stagnation that has been witnessed in Orissa is
because of the pluralistic pattern of society, unemployment and uneconomic outlook of
the people.

Poverty in Orissa is on the decline but it is still a major issue. Rural Indians depend on
unpredictable agriculture incomes, while urban Indians really on jobs that are at best
scarce. Since 1990, the issue of poverty has remained a prevalent concern. Due to
poverty, people of Malakangir, Koraput, Nabarangpur, Nuapada, kandhamal, Bargard,
Nayagadh, Gajpati, etc, are finding it difficult to meet the minimum requirement of
acceptable living standards, many of them are unemployed and considered poor.

Millions of people in the state are unable to meet the basic standards of living. Nearly 70
per cent of the entire rural population and 40 per cent of the urban population of Orissa
lives in this difficult physical and financial predicament. The state still has a long way to
go in order to be called a developed state from all perspectives - social economical and
political.

Since 2000, the Orissa government has implemented a number of programmes designed
to eradicate poverty, and has had failure with these programmes. The government has
sought to increase the GDP through different processes, including changes in industrial
policies. The Training Rural Youth for Self Employment and other on-going
programmes.

Vital educational stats wrt ORISSA

TEACHE
NUMBER
R-
OF
CATEGORY TOTAL NUMBER TOTAL ENROLMENT STUDEN
TEACHE
T
RS
RATIO
Pre-Primary Schools 373 30498 - -
Primary Schools 42104 4080000 111040 37
Elementary Schools 12096 1296000 39814 34
Secondary Schools 6072 1031000 51436 20
Senior Secondary Schools 231 10500 7827 57
Pre Degree /Junior Colleges 510 376000
Board of Intermediate 1 - - -
/SecondaryEducation
524 138932 - -
Degree College
(Arts/Sc./Com.) (BA/BSc.BCom)
13 3345 - -
Engg. College
(B.E./B.Sc./B.Arch.)
Professional College - - - -
19 3120 - -
Medical College
(MBBS)
5 10807 - -
(MA/MSc/MCom)
All University
499
(Ph.D/D.Phill/D.Sc.)
Central University - - - -
State university - - - -
Deemed University - - - -
Institution of NationalImportance - - - -
Research Institution - - - -
13 2028 - -
Teacher Training College
(B.Ed. /B.T.)
Teacher Training School 69 7200 - -
Polytechnic Institutes 5 800 - -
Technical /Industrial /Arts & Craft 26 7300 - -
School
Career Opportunities:
 MBBS
 B.E/B.TECH/D.E/ITI
 Govt Jobs
 Research /Scientists
 Labor in MSME’s

Medical Colleges in Bhubaneswar-Puri area

Existing
• SCB Medical College
• HiTech Medical College
• Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences
• SUM Hospital and Medical College
Upcoming
• Medical College of Vedanta University
• AIIMS Bhubaneswar
• Capital Medical College
• Medical College of Sri Sri University
• Medical College of National University
 Vedanta University
National University (WCCU)
AIIMS Bhubaneswar
National Law University
Sri Sri University
ICFAI University
Jagadguru Kripalu University
Orissa open university
National Institute of Design (?)
6 deemed university applications in pipeline
12 four year engineering colleges

Challenges – Need for Reforms

Even after so many advancements made to the Education Sector still India is facing deep
challenges. These includes –
 Provide Quality education rather than focusing on quantity
 A huge variance between Rural and Urban education system
 Like Health Sector a very low or no focus by Indian Government to improve education in
Government Schools and Colleges
 Reservations and Quota system emerged as the only motivating factor to improve
literacy. The actual need is to come up with reforms to promote literacy by better
education
 More Stress is required to improve the quality of teachers and promote environment and
perks to improve teachership
 Create quality education hubs like IIT’s and IIM’s. Reforms on bringing up the foreign
college affiliations in India to improve quality.
 Brain Drain continues to be the biggest challenge to bring back the brains to serve the
progress of the nation
 Provide stress on diversified education with stress on all sectors which can improve the
presence of Indians in varied economies
 Privatization of schools and colleges although proved as a backbone to Indian Education
but Government need to bring reforms to help reduce the fees or provide alternatives to
serve education to all income grades.

Vision 2020:

1. The vision for Orissa will be for all of Orissa and opportunities for higher education
will be spread out. In particular:

(a) By 2015 each of the 13 undivided districts will have at least one university or a
significant branch campus of a university. The undivided 13 districts are: Balangir(*),
Balasore, Cuttack, Dhenkanal (*), Ganjam, Kalahandi (*), Kandhamala (*), Keonjhar (*),
Koraput, Mayurbhanj, Puri, Sambalpur, Sundergarh. Currently, the ones marked with (*)
do not have a university.

(b) Each of the 13 undivided districts should have at least one medical college. Currently
the districts of Balangir (@-wodc), Balasore, Dhenkanal (@-MCL), Kalahandi (@-
wodc), Kandhamala, Keonjhar, Koraput (@-cuo), Mayurbhanj, Sundergarh (@-wodc) do
not have a functioning medical college. However, medical colleges are in progress in the
districts marked with @.

(c) By 2020 each urban area with more than 100K population will have a state university
or a branch campus of a state university in that area. Due to their remoteness Phulbani
(Kandhamala) and Parlakhemundi (Gajapati) will be two additions to this list. The
complete list of these urban areas is: Jeypore-Koraput*(2020), Rayagada (2020),
Parlakhemundi (2020), Berhampur*, Puri*(2020), Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Khurda(*),
Paradeep (2020), Kalinganagar (2020), Bhadrak (2020), Balasore*, Baripada*,
Bhawanipatna (2015), Phulbani (2015), Angul (2015), Keonjhar (2015), Balangir (2015),
Bargarh (2020), Sambalpur*, Jharsuguda (2020), Rourkela*(2015), Joda-Barbil (2020).  
[* above means that those areas already have a university. However, some of them may
not have a state university or a general university.] 

{If someone thinks this is too many, they just need to look at the location of universities
in UK in this web site. As per this page on Oct 17, 2009, UK has 109 universities out of
which 90 are in England.  We are not aiming to be there in 2020, but to be there in 2040
we need the above plan.}
(d) An Orissa skills university be established with branches in all district HQs of the
state. 

(e) An Orissa Tribal University will be established with campuses in all district HQ's
with ST percentage of more than 40%. As of now those districts are: Malkangiri
(58.36%), Mayurbhanj (57.87%), Rayagada (56.04%), Nabarangpur (55.27%),
Kandhamala (51.51%), Koraput (50.67%), Sundergarh (50.74%), Gajapati (47.88%),
Keonjhar (44.52%). The head quarter of this university will be in Phulbani (because of its
central location) and it will be next to the proposed IGNTU campus there.

(f) A Sports University will be established near Rourkela with two additional campuses at
Jagatpur (Cuttack) and KBK. The Rourkela operation will specialize on Hockey and the
Jagatpur college will focus on Football and aquatics. The various sports hostels (see
also this link) could become part of this university.

(g) A second Agricultural University or a significant branch campus (not just a college)
will be established in a location that will create a geographical balance.

(h) Each district headquarter or town (which is not part of a metropolitan area) of more
than 20,000 people will have its own knowledge centric vision. For example, each will
have a government college offering arts, science and commerce degrees. To do that
existing private colleges may be taken over or new government colleges may be created
from scratch.
  
2. Orissa will be competitive nationally and internationally in having knowledge centers.
Our Gold standard will be the state of California (USA) whose total population now (36.7
million) is almost the same as that of Orissa (population is36.7 million, but in 2001). In
terms of area, Orissa's area (155.82K sq km) is comparable to the area of the state of New
York (141.3K sq km) and Connecticut (14.356Ksq km) put together. Alternatively,
Orissa  can also use England as a benchmark; Orissa's area is a bit more than that of
England's area (130.281K sq km) and population is a bit less than that of England (50.1
million). In particular we will plan for:

(a) An international level knowledge hub that can compete with the best knowledge hubs
of the world such as the San Francisco-San Jose area or the Boston metropolitan area.

(b) 5 knowledge hubs comparable to current tier 2 cities in India with one of them (from
the western corridor) a bit more developed than the others.

(c) 5-6 strategically placed placed mini-knowledge hubs comparable to the infrastructure
that is currently in the Berhampur and Sambalpur area of Orissa, with 1 or 2 of them
moving further up the chain.

(d) Two knowledge corridors: Eastern and  Western corridors.

This will be achieved by judicious combination of central, state and private resources and
partnerships (PPPs).

3. Orissa will be at the forefront of relevant research. In particular Orissa will push for
establishment of research centers and research institutes (in Orissa) on thevarious grand
challenge topics. Some of the research centers and institutes may be part of the existing
institutions such as IIT Bhubaneswar, NISER Bhubaneswar, NIT Rourkela, VSSUT
Burla, AIIMS Bhubaneswar, etc. 

4. The act for the universities will be changed so as to give more autonomy to the
universities and their VCs in terms of their functioning.

5. The higher education structure of the state at the college level will be reorganized so
that the teachers in each college have a stake in improving that college. 

6. The vacant positions in colleges and universities will be filled by regular faculty.

7. The faculty recruitment criteria must change from what is mentioned

inhttp://www.orissalinks.com/archives/1602 to be more research oriented and based on
the quality of research (publications, thesis, etc.). 

8. Like the central government the state government will increase retirement age of
faculty in universities and colleges to 65.

9. To keep good faculty from leaving the state universities and colleges a Chair corpus
will be created via PPP through which outstanding faculty can get a supplemental pay as
a designated chair.

10. Our recommendations will spillover from higher education to building infrastructure
to support higher education.