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Natural Approaches English

The document summarizes Stephen Krashen's Natural Approach theory of second language acquisition. The Natural Approach focuses on exposing learners to comprehensible input through natural communication rather than grammar instruction. It posits that adults can acquire a second language through acquisition rather than learning, following the same natural processes as children but with two paths - acquisition and learning. The theory also includes the Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis, Natural Order Hypothesis, Input Hypothesis, Monitor Hypothesis, and Affective Filter Hypothesis which propose principles such as acquisition being subconscious, a natural progression of structure learning, the need for comprehensible "i+1" input, and the role of anxiety and

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53 views

Natural Approaches English

The document summarizes Stephen Krashen's Natural Approach theory of second language acquisition. The Natural Approach focuses on exposing learners to comprehensible input through natural communication rather than grammar instruction. It posits that adults can acquire a second language through acquisition rather than learning, following the same natural processes as children but with two paths - acquisition and learning. The theory also includes the Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis, Natural Order Hypothesis, Input Hypothesis, Monitor Hypothesis, and Affective Filter Hypothesis which propose principles such as acquisition being subconscious, a natural progression of structure learning, the need for comprehensible "i+1" input, and the role of anxiety and

Uploaded by

JenessaManguiat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE NATURAL

APPROACH
Krashen,Terrell

1
Exponents
Stephan Krashen
Linguist University of Southern
Adults and L2 California

Adults can acquire second languages. "Language acquisition does not require
extensive use of conscious grammatical
The ability to pick up languages does notand does not require tedious drill."
rules,
disappear at puberty. "Acquisition requires meaningful
interaction in the target language
Adults follow the same principles of Universal
Grammar. natural communication - in which
speakers are concerned not with the form
Adults can acquire all by using their ever-
of their utterances but with the messages
active LAD. ( but not the phonologicalthey are conveying and understanding."
aspect)

Adults and L2
* Adults
have to paths to follow:
NATURAL Acquisition
This term emphasizes that the principles
Learning: Adults have abstract probem solving
behind that approach are believed to conform
skills
to the naturalistic principles found in
successful second language acquisition.
Children have only one (acquisition)
NA focuses on exposure to input instead of
grammar practice.

Communication
Means to pass on meaning

Communication
Communication is the main function of
language
The focus is on teaching communicative
abilities.
The superiority of meaning is emphasized.
Language is a vehicle for communicating
meaning and messages.

2
THEORY

1) The Acquisition-Learning Acquisition


Hypothesis Subconscious
Intuitive
There are two independent systems of second
language performance: Acquisition is a subconscious process
A) the acquired system identical in all important ways to the
B) the learned system process children utilize in acquiring the first
language.
Its a process that produces functional skills
in the spoken language without theoratical
knowledge.

Interrelationship
Learning between acquisition
Conscious
and learning
Knowing about rules
To understand the
functioning of a language as a system and to
Learning the grammar rules of a second
understand its irregularities is a function of
languagewdoes not result in subconscious familiarity with it.
acquisition. It is important to explore the degrees of
What you consciously learn does not necessarily
become subconsciously acquired through conscious
irregularity and difficulty of the target
practice, grammar exercises and the like. language.

3
The Natural
Order Hypothesis The Input Hypothesis
Acquisition of grammatical Comprehensible input i+1 should be provided
structures proceeds in a predicted Input should be not grammatically sequenced
progression
Certain grammatical structures are acquired before others
People acquire language best by understanding
in first language acquisition and there is a similar natural
order in SLA. input that is a little above their present level of
competence.
-ing -> Aux ->Irregular ->Regular Past
Plural -> article -> past - 3rd Sing.

Use monitor
Ifenoughtime
Focus on form notmeaning
The Monitor Hypothesis Learnermustknowthe rule

Grammar rules
Use monitor
If enough time
Focus on form not meaning
Learner must know the rule

The Affective Filter Factors


Hypothesis Self-confidence
Affective filter freely passes or
Motivation
hinders input Anxiety state
Input in a low-
anxiety contexts
Factors
Self-confidence
Motivation
Anxiety state

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