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Antenna Array-VIII: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Choukiker

Planar arrays have elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid, allowing beam steering in all azimuth angles. The array factor of a planar array is calculated separately for elements along the x-axis and y-axis, and the total array factor is the product of these. Circular arrays arrange elements around a circular circumference, enabling applications like radio direction finding. The array factor of a circular array is calculated based on the distance from each element to the observation point.

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57 views

Antenna Array-VIII: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Choukiker

Planar arrays have elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid, allowing beam steering in all azimuth angles. The array factor of a planar array is calculated separately for elements along the x-axis and y-axis, and the total array factor is the product of these. Circular arrays arrange elements around a circular circumference, enabling applications like radio direction finding. The array factor of a circular array is calculated based on the distance from each element to the observation point.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Lecture: 22

Antenna Array-VIII

Dr. Yogesh Kumar Choukiker

School of Electronics Science Engineering


Microwave and Photonics Division
VIT University, Vellore, India

Dr. Yogesh Kumar Choukiker


Planar Array
If the elements (or antennas) are placed as a 2D grid, such an
array is termed as planar array
In planar arrays we have additional degrees of freedom to shape the
beam when compared to linear arrays

Planar arrays have another


advantage, where it can steer the
beam in a 3600 azimuth

They have applications as


tracking radar, remote sensing,
communications etc

Dr. Yogesh Kumar Choukiker


1
Planar Array
The array factor of a planar array follows the same procedure as
linear array
If M elements are placed along x - axis, then
M
AF am e j m 1kd x sin cos x
m 1

Similarly if N elements are placed along y - axis, then


N

j n 1 kd y sin sin y
AF an e
n 1
The total array factor can be written as
M N

j n 1 kd y sin sin y
AF amn e j m 1 kd x sin cos x
e
m 1 n 1
Dr. Yogesh Kumar Choukiker
2
Planar Array
The normalized array factor finally takes the form

M N
1 sin 2 x 1 sin 2 y

AF ,
M sin x N y
sin
2 2
Where
x kd x sin cos x
y kd y sin sin y
The directivity can be obtained using same procedure as we applied
for a broadside or end-fire array
32400
D0
3 s Dr. Yogesh Kumar Choukiker
Circular Array
If the elements of an array are arranged on the circumference of a
circle then such an array is referred as circular array
It has many applications in
radio direction finding, air and
space navigation, radar,
wireless communication etc
The array factor can be
obtained from
N
e jkRn
E r , , an
n 1 Rn
Where Rn is the distance from
nth element to observation
point
Dr. Yogesh Kumar Choukiker
4
Circular Array

Rn r a 2ra cos
2 2
1/ 2

If r >> a Rn r a cos n
r a a a r
r asin cos n

Therefore the array factor is


N
AF an e j ka sin cos n n

n 1

Where n is the phase excitation of nth element with reference to


center of array
Dr. Yogesh Kumar Choukiker
5

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