HISTORY SYLLABUS IN BRIEF

PEACE AFTER WW I ***COMMUNIST RUSSIA ***COMMUNIST RUSSIA

What were the terms of the What were the reasons for Stalin’s rise to power? Collectivisation:
TOV? • Manipulation Advantages:
• Loss of German territory • Underestimated by rivals • Increased food supply for cities
• Disarmament • Luck • Stalin achieved control of countryside
• War Guilt & Reparations • Positioned himself as Lenin’s successor
• Strong powerbase Disadvantages:
LON: • Famine & starvation in countryside
Success Stalin’s Dictatorship • Kulaks deported to Gulags
• Bulgarian-Greek Conflict His goals: • Collectives poorly run
• Aaland Islands • Increase military strength
• Mosul • Achieve self-sufficiency Purges:
• Silesia • Attain Socialism • Stalin’s paranoia
• Increase food supply • Role of Secret Police – NKVD
Failures • Establish his credentials • Labour camps – Gulags
• Ruhr Crisis • Improve standards of living • Show trials
• Vilna • Atmosphere of fear & distrust
• Corfu 5 Year Plans:
• Memel Advantages: Propaganda
• Greco-Turkish War • Increase in heavy industrial output • Rewriting history
• Free healthcare & education for workers • Cult of Personality
Disarmament • Women entered workforce
• Washington Naval • Started industrialisation process for USSR
Conference
• Locarno Pact Disadvantages:
• Kellogg-Briand Pact • Rampant corruption & inefficiency
• Consumer industries neglected
Aid to Germany • Focus on quantity not quality
• Young Plan • Harsh working conditions
• Dawes Plan • Workers poorly paid
• Mass migration & overcrowding of cities
 ***NAZI GERMANY FASCIST JAPAN & ***ROAD TO WAR (EUROPE) OUTBREAK OF COLD WAR
PACIFIC WAR

Rise of Hitler: Failure of Japanese Why was Peace Threatened in the Why did the Cold War Break out?
Internal Factors: Democracy: 1930s? • Ideological differences
• Opposition to Weimar • Diet’s Ineffectiveness Hitler’s Ambition • Mutual Distrust
• No democratic tradition • Corruption • Rearmament & remilitarization • Conflicting aims in E. Europe
• Weimar’s weakness • Economic Problems • Anschluss
• Lebensraum Points of Tension
External Factors: Rise of Fascism: • Destroy Communism • Atomic Bomb
• Unpopularity of TOV Internal Factors: • Post-War Fate of Germany
• Great Depression • Worsening relations with • Fate of E. Europe
west Great Depression • “Iron Curtain” Speech
Other Factors: • Rise of Chinese • Economic rivalry – protectionism • Truman Doctrine & Containment
• Hitler’s charisma nationalism • Aggression • Marshall Plan
• Social unrest • Soviet Response: COMECON & COMINFORM
How did Hitler win absolute External Factors: • Rise of Dictators
power? • Show Restoration
Germany: Source of Conflict:
• Reichstag Fire • Patriotic Societies Failure of LON
• Democracy
• Reichstag Elections • Strong military influence • Unable to stop aggression – no
• Reconstruction
• Enabling Act army
Japan’s Foreign Policy Aims: • Reparations
• Abolition of state • Self interest of members
• Build Asia-Pacific • Status of Berlin
governments • No power to force disarmament
• Ban on political parties & Empire • E.g. Abyssinia Results of Berlin Blockade:
trade unions • Liberate Asians from
west • Creation of 2 Germanys
• Night of Long Knives Appeasement
• Solve overpopulation • Rehabilitation of W. Germany
• Death of Hindenburg • No one wanted another world war
• Control resources & raw • The creation of NATO & Warsaw Pact
• Buy time for Britain & France to
Hitler’s Dictatorship materials • World divided into 2 camps
rearm
• Propaganda • E.g. Manchuria • Britain & France facing colonial
Key Events in Cold War
• Youth organizations revolts
Why did War Break Out? • “Loss” of China
• Education • Concentrate on internal problems
• Churches • Desire to conquer China • American isolationism • ***Korean War
• Hungarian Uprising
• Family Life • Neutrality with the • Sympathy for Germany – TOV
• Workers & Economy Soviets unfair • U2 Spyplane Incident
• Europeans more worried • Communist as greater evil • Berlin Wall
about Hitler • E.g. Sudetenland & Czech • Nuclear/Space Race
• Worsening relations with • Checkpoint Charlie
the U.S. Why did war break out: • ***Cuban Missile Crisis
• Appointment of Hideki • Nazi-Soviet Pact
Tojo as PM. • Failure of Appeasement
• Invasion of Poland
 END OF COLD WAR FALL OF COMMUNISM IN E. EUROPE

Problems Facing USSR E. Germany

Command Economy • Massive protests
• Rigid bureaucratic system • Embassy sit-ins
• Unproductive industries • Resignation of Honecker
• Over-emphasis on heavy • Collapse of the Berlin Wall
industries • Reunification
• Weak Agricultural sector • Peaceful
• Little contact with world
Poland
Ineffective Government • Role of Solidarity
• Unwilling to embrace • Communists lost in elections
change • Peaceful
• Conservative & corrupt
• Apathetic people Hungary
• Rehabilitation of Imre Nagy
External Problems • Communist lost in elections
• Star Wars • Peaceful
• Anti-Soviet Sentiments
• Increased Spending Czechoslovakia
• Rehabilitation of Alexander Dubcek
Gorbachev’s Reforms: • Communists forced out
• Glasnost • Peaceful
• Perestroika
Romania
Why did the USSR Collapse? • Execution of Nicolae Ceaucescu
• Failure of Gorby’s Reforms • Bloody battles with police & anti-govt demonstrators
• Loss of Communist Party’s • Violent revolution
Authority
• Cold War Bankrupted Bulgaria
USSR • Communists lost in elections
• Rise of Nationalism • Peaceful
• Immediate Cause: Aug SBQ Topics are denoted with ***
1991 Coup
Please note that WW I is NON-
EXAMINABLE